WO2007075437A3 - Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same - Google Patents

Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007075437A3
WO2007075437A3 PCT/US2006/047947 US2006047947W WO2007075437A3 WO 2007075437 A3 WO2007075437 A3 WO 2007075437A3 US 2006047947 W US2006047947 W US 2006047947W WO 2007075437 A3 WO2007075437 A3 WO 2007075437A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
catalysts
low platinum
nanoparticles
fuel cell
preparing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/047947
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2007075437A2 (en
Inventor
Tao Gu
Thomas R Omstead
Ning Wang
Yi Dong
Yi-Qun Li
Original Assignee
Intematix Corp
Tao Gu
Thomas R Omstead
Ning Wang
Yi Dong
Yi-Qun Li
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intematix Corp, Tao Gu, Thomas R Omstead, Ning Wang, Yi Dong, Yi-Qun Li filed Critical Intematix Corp
Publication of WO2007075437A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007075437A2/en
Publication of WO2007075437A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007075437A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
    • H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
    • H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8892—Impregnation or coating of the catalyst layer, e.g. by an ionomer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

[0175] This invention provides novel fuel cell electrodes and catalysts comprising a series of catalytically active thin-film metal alloys with low platinum concentration supported on nanostructured materials (nanoparticles). Processing of the electrodes and catalysts can include electrodeposition methods, and high-pressure coating techniques. Li certain embodiments, an integrated gas-diffusion/electrode/catalyst layer can be prepared by processing catalyst thin films and nanoparticles into gas-diffusion media such as Toray or SGL carbon fiber papers. The catalysts can be placed in contact with an electrolyte membrane for PEM fuel cell applications.
PCT/US2006/047947 2005-12-15 2006-12-15 Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same WO2007075437A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/303,476 US8211593B2 (en) 2003-09-08 2005-12-15 Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same
US11/303,476 2005-12-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007075437A2 WO2007075437A2 (en) 2007-07-05
WO2007075437A3 true WO2007075437A3 (en) 2008-08-07

Family

ID=38218465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2006/047947 WO2007075437A2 (en) 2005-12-15 2006-12-15 Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (2) US8211593B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2007075437A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (76)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9346673B2 (en) * 2004-06-23 2016-05-24 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Electrode for fuel cell, membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell comprising the same, fuel cell system comprising the same, and method for preparing the electrode
KR100578981B1 (en) * 2004-09-08 2006-05-12 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Electrode for fuel cell and the fuel cell system comprising the same
GB0420245D0 (en) * 2004-09-13 2004-10-13 Johnson Matthey Plc Improvements in catalyst coatings
KR100669456B1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2007-01-15 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Electrode for fuel cell, fuel cell comprising the same, and method for preparing the smme
KR100658675B1 (en) * 2004-11-26 2006-12-15 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Electrode for fuel cell, fuel cell comprising the same, and method for preparing the smme
KR100684797B1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-20 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Electrode for fuel cell, membrane-electrode assembly comprising same and fuel cell system comprising same
KR100723385B1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2007-05-30 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell system adopting the same
US7935655B2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2011-05-03 Kent State University Nanostructured core-shell electrocatalysts for fuel cells
JP2007268692A (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-18 Fujitsu Ltd Carbon nanotube connected body, its manufacturing method, and element and method for detecting target
JP5294235B2 (en) * 2006-05-25 2013-09-18 日産自動車株式会社 Electrode material
US20080076005A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-03-27 Michel Bitton Fuel cell fluid distribution system
US7820316B2 (en) * 2006-10-23 2010-10-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell
KR100932980B1 (en) * 2006-10-26 2009-12-21 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Cathode catalyst for fuel cell, manufacturing method and immobilization method thereof, and fuel cell
US9005755B2 (en) * 2007-01-03 2015-04-14 Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc CNS-infused carbon nanomaterials and process therefor
US8951631B2 (en) 2007-01-03 2015-02-10 Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc CNT-infused metal fiber materials and process therefor
US8951632B2 (en) 2007-01-03 2015-02-10 Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc CNT-infused carbon fiber materials and process therefor
WO2008140845A1 (en) * 2007-02-15 2008-11-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Molecular heterostructures for energy conversion and storage
KR100801470B1 (en) * 2007-02-15 2008-02-12 한국에너지기술연구원 Direct synthesis of carbon nanotubes on graphite paper and manufacturing method of platinum nano catalyst supported on carbon nanotube by chemical vapor deposition and its platinum nano catalyst
US7897529B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2011-03-01 Lydall, Inc. Substrate for carrying catalytic particles
US20080280164A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Microporous carbon catalyst support material
WO2008141444A1 (en) * 2007-05-18 2008-11-27 Sim Composites Inc. Catalyst-coated proton exchange membrane and process of producing same
US9293778B2 (en) * 2007-06-11 2016-03-22 Emergent Power Inc. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
US7905992B1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2011-03-15 Brunswick Corporation Submerged surface with conductive nanoparticles
US20090050258A1 (en) * 2007-08-22 2009-02-26 University Of South Carolina Development of pem fuel cell electrodes using pulse electrodeposition
WO2009062096A1 (en) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-14 Washington State University Research Foundation Catalysts and related methods
US7709413B2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2010-05-04 Kabuhsiki Kaisha Toshiba Solid catalysts and fuel cell employing the solid catalysts
US8551670B2 (en) * 2007-12-17 2013-10-08 Giner Electrochemical Systems, Llc Electrochemical device comprising composite bipolar plate and method of using the same
US8071066B1 (en) 2008-02-13 2011-12-06 Laor Consulting, LLC Method and apparatus for improving the quality of diamonds and other gemstones
US20100123993A1 (en) * 2008-02-13 2010-05-20 Herzel Laor Atomic layer deposition process for manufacture of battery electrodes, capacitors, resistors, and catalyzers
WO2010036448A2 (en) * 2008-07-24 2010-04-01 California Institute Of Technology Carbon cathodes for fluoride ion storage
US20100126849A1 (en) * 2008-11-24 2010-05-27 Applied Materials, Inc. Apparatus and method for forming 3d nanostructure electrode for electrochemical battery and capacitor
US20100224129A1 (en) 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Lockheed Martin Corporation System and method for surface treatment and barrier coating of fibers for in situ cnt growth
RU2011137967A (en) 2009-04-30 2013-06-10 Юниверсити Оф Флорида Рисерч Фаундейшн Инк. Air cathodes based on single-walled carbon nanotubes
AU2010202419B2 (en) * 2009-06-10 2016-11-17 Wieland Kg Improved Electrocatalyst, Fuel Cell Cathode and Fuel Cell
US8603400B2 (en) * 2009-07-01 2013-12-10 California Institute Of Technology Nanostructured platinum alloys for use as catalyst materials
WO2011017200A1 (en) 2009-08-03 2011-02-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation Incorporation of nanoparticles in composite fibers
EP2564456B1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2021-05-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Platinum nickel catalyst alloy
US9391336B2 (en) * 2010-08-23 2016-07-12 Audi Ag Mixed-ionomer electrode
CA2808242A1 (en) 2010-09-14 2012-03-22 Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc Glass substrates having carbon nanotubes grown thereon and methods for production thereof
CN103118975A (en) 2010-09-22 2013-05-22 应用奈米结构公司 Carbon fiber substrates having carbon nanotubes grown thereon and processes for production thereof
US9595727B2 (en) 2010-11-16 2017-03-14 Giner, Inc. Electrochemical device comprising an electrically-conductive, selectively-permeable membrane
CN103403935B (en) 2010-12-17 2016-08-24 佛罗里达大学研究基金会有限公司 The oxidation of hydrogen based on carbon film and generation
AU2012240367A1 (en) 2011-04-04 2013-11-07 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Nanotube dispersants and dispersant free nanotube films therefrom
JP5724834B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2015-05-27 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Method for producing catalyst-supported carbon nanotubes coated with ionomer
WO2013181372A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Dragonfly Energy, LLC Processes for the manufacture of conductive particle films for lithium ion batteries
WO2013183187A1 (en) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-12 日本電気株式会社 Negative electrode active material and manufacturing process therefor
US20140080032A1 (en) * 2012-09-15 2014-03-20 Ford Motor Company Conductive mesh supported electrode for fuel cell
US8865604B2 (en) * 2012-09-17 2014-10-21 The Boeing Company Bulk carbon nanotube and metallic composites and method of fabricating
US9528192B1 (en) * 2013-01-16 2016-12-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Solar powered CO2 conversion
GB201302014D0 (en) * 2013-02-05 2013-03-20 Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd Use of an anode catalyst layer
GB201302016D0 (en) * 2013-02-05 2013-03-20 Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells Ltd Catalyst
CN103157494A (en) * 2013-04-01 2013-06-19 河北师范大学 Method of synthesizing Pt-Ni catalyst material by hydrothermal method
US9269966B2 (en) * 2013-10-04 2016-02-23 National Tsing Hua University Method and device for preparing platinum catalyst
EP3071516A4 (en) 2013-11-20 2017-06-28 University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Carbon dioxide reduction over carbon-containing materials
DE102014109071A1 (en) 2014-06-27 2015-12-31 Inp Greifswald E.V. Process for the production of gas diffusion electrodes for fuel cells, as well as gas diffusion electrode and fuel cell
CA2955065C (en) * 2014-08-11 2021-06-01 Newsouth Innovations Pty Limited Catalytic assembly
US10897037B2 (en) * 2014-10-27 2021-01-19 Dragonfly Energy Corp. Processes for the manufacture of conductive particle films for lithium ion batteries and lithium ion batteries
US10066160B2 (en) 2015-05-01 2018-09-04 Intematix Corporation Solid-state white light generating lighting arrangements including photoluminescence wavelength conversion components
GB2541878A (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-08 Surrey Nanosystems Ltd Low reflectivity coating and method and system for coating a substrate
US10876201B2 (en) * 2016-06-27 2020-12-29 Ironwood 12 Llc Broadband fluorescence amplification assembly
US11186732B2 (en) * 2016-06-27 2021-11-30 Ironwood 12 Llc Vertically-aligned carbon nanotube substrate having increased surface area
JP6741545B2 (en) * 2016-10-10 2020-08-19 田中貴金属工業株式会社 Catalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cell and method for producing the same
DE102016013185B4 (en) 2016-11-04 2021-07-15 Gustav Sievers Process for the production of catalytic layers for electrochemical systems
US10264627B2 (en) * 2016-12-08 2019-04-16 Goodrich Corporation Adjusting CNT resistance using perforated CNT sheets
WO2019017538A1 (en) * 2017-07-19 2019-01-24 한국에너지기술연구원 Method for manufacturing electrode capable of suppressing ionomer creep occurring during dissolution of platinum for polymer fuel cell
CN109806861B (en) * 2017-11-20 2020-06-23 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 Preparation of nano-sandwich structure noble metal catalyst and application of nano-sandwich structure noble metal catalyst in hydrogen and oxygen direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide
CN109494346B (en) * 2018-10-25 2021-09-24 电子科技大学 Preparation method of carbon quantum dot modified lithium-sulfur battery positive electrode material
DE102019001615A1 (en) 2019-01-21 2020-07-23 Horst Wochnowski Explosion-based deposition of super-thin layers of hard material within a closed interior
CN109860631B (en) * 2019-01-23 2021-02-12 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 Flexible aerogel-based fuel cell carbon paper and preparation method thereof
DE102019200964A1 (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Audi Ag Method of manufacturing an electrode and electrode for a fuel cell
CN110201541B (en) * 2019-07-11 2021-10-12 江苏天雅环保科技有限公司 Method and device for loading catalyst on ceramic fiber filter element
CN110981651B (en) * 2019-12-02 2021-11-23 西安近代化学研究所 graphene-Schiff base nickel compound for solid propellant and preparation method thereof
CN111135873A (en) * 2019-12-24 2020-05-12 郑州大学 Device and method for continuously preparing carbon nanotube fiber composite electrolysis water hydrogen evolution catalyst
CN111540912A (en) * 2020-04-02 2020-08-14 天津大学 Fixing layer and membrane electrode for improving stability of fuel cell and preparation method thereof
US11870081B2 (en) * 2020-04-23 2024-01-09 Thu Ha Thi Vu Method of preparing catalyst containing platinum dispersed on graphene quantum dot containing carrier for direct alcohol fuel cell and catalyst obtained by this method
DE102021002633A1 (en) 2021-03-01 2022-09-15 Horst Wochnowski Explosion-based deposition of super-thin hard material layers within a closed interior using a piston-like, movable piston element

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6080357A (en) * 1997-03-11 2000-06-27 Katayama Special Industries, Ltd. Method of manufacturing porous sheet, porous metal sheet manufactured by method, and electrode for battery
US6309772B1 (en) * 1998-03-23 2001-10-30 Degussa Ag Membrane-electrode unit for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and processes for their preparation
US6576358B2 (en) * 1998-09-30 2003-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of discharging reaction water in PEM fuel cells and fuel cell for carrying out the method
US6706431B2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-03-16 Fullerene Usa, Inc. Fuel cell
US20050053826A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-10 Intematix Corporation Low platinum fuel cell catalysts and method for preparing the same
US20050255236A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-17 Tao Deng Method for forming nanoparticle films and applications thereof

Family Cites Families (103)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4207154A (en) * 1957-06-27 1980-06-10 Lemelson Jerome H Wave generating apparatus and method
US3702019A (en) * 1971-04-13 1972-11-07 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of making diffusion bonded battery plaques
US4031291A (en) * 1976-04-05 1977-06-21 Malcolm A. Fullenwider Hydrogen-oxidizing catalyst, and fuel cell electrode using same
US4202934A (en) * 1978-07-03 1980-05-13 United Technologies Corporation Noble metal/vanadium alloy catalyst and method for making
US4214969A (en) * 1979-01-02 1980-07-29 General Electric Company Low cost bipolar current collector-separator for electrochemical cells
US4316944A (en) * 1980-06-18 1982-02-23 United Technologies Corporation Noble metal-chromium alloy catalysts and electrochemical cell
US4395322A (en) * 1981-11-18 1983-07-26 General Electric Company Catalytic electrode
US4613582A (en) * 1983-01-17 1986-09-23 United Technologies Corporation Method for making ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum cobalt and chromium
US4447506A (en) * 1983-01-17 1984-05-08 United Technologies Corporation Ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum, cobalt and chromium
US4637309A (en) * 1984-03-13 1987-01-20 Terrance Cafferty Method of stenciling using removable protective coat before applying stencil
US4664988A (en) * 1984-04-06 1987-05-12 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell electrode substrate incorporating separator as an intercooler and process for preparation thereof
US5079107A (en) * 1984-06-07 1992-01-07 Giner, Inc. Cathode alloy electrocatalysts
US4711829A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-12-08 International Fuel Cells Corporation Ordered ternary fuel cell catalysts containing platinum and cobalt
JPS62163746A (en) * 1986-01-13 1987-07-20 Nippon Engeruharudo Kk Platinum alloy electrode catalyst and electrode for acidic electrolyte fuel cell using same
JPS62269751A (en) * 1986-05-16 1987-11-24 Nippon Engeruharudo Kk Platinum-copper alloy electrode catalyst and electrode for acidic electrolyte fuel cell using said catalyst
US4812352A (en) * 1986-08-25 1989-03-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures
US5039561A (en) * 1986-08-25 1991-08-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for preparing an article having surface layer of uniformly oriented, crystalline, organic microstructures
US5271881A (en) * 1987-09-28 1993-12-21 Redding Bruce K Apparatus and method for making microcapsules
GB8724446D0 (en) * 1987-10-19 1987-11-25 Cambridge Life Sciences Immobilised enzyme electrodes
US4880711A (en) * 1987-11-16 1989-11-14 International Fuel Cells Corporation Ternary fuel cell catalyst containing platinum and gallium
US5176786A (en) * 1988-07-13 1993-01-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Organic thin film controlled molecular epitaxy
US4916110A (en) * 1988-11-01 1990-04-10 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Microporous catalytic material and support structure
FI81180C (en) * 1989-02-24 1990-09-10 Erkki Rinne Hydraulic or pneumatic power device
JPH0697615B2 (en) * 1989-03-09 1994-11-30 エヌ・イーケムキャット株式会社 Platinum alloy electrode catalyst
US5458784A (en) * 1990-10-23 1995-10-17 Catalytic Materials Limited Removal of contaminants from aqueous and gaseous streams using graphic filaments
US5192641A (en) * 1990-12-19 1993-03-09 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Method of thermal wax transfer as a mask for digital color proofing
US5183713A (en) * 1991-01-17 1993-02-02 International Fuel Cells Corporation Carbon monoxide tolerant platinum-tantalum alloyed catalyst
JPH05208135A (en) * 1991-02-23 1993-08-20 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk Electrode catalyst for negative electrode
US5238729A (en) * 1991-04-05 1993-08-24 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Sensors based on nanosstructured composite films
US5336558A (en) * 1991-06-24 1994-08-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Composite article comprising oriented microstructures
US5463005A (en) * 1992-01-03 1995-10-31 Gas Research Institute Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated sulfonyl monomers and membranes made therefrom
US5338430A (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-08-16 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nanostructured electrode membranes
IL126975A (en) * 1996-05-15 2002-11-10 Hyperion Catalysis Internat In Rigid porous carbon structure, methods of making, methods of using and products containing same
US5766637A (en) * 1996-10-08 1998-06-16 University Of Delaware Microencapsulation process using supercritical fluids
US6660680B1 (en) 1997-02-24 2003-12-09 Superior Micropowders, Llc Electrocatalyst powders, methods for producing powders and devices fabricated from same
US6683783B1 (en) * 1997-03-07 2004-01-27 William Marsh Rice University Carbon fibers formed from single-wall carbon nanotubes
US5856036A (en) * 1997-03-11 1999-01-05 Illinois Institute Of Technology Single phase ternary Pt-Ru-Os catalysts for direct oxidation fuel cells
US6231744B1 (en) * 1997-04-24 2001-05-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Process for fabricating an array of nanowires
DE19721437A1 (en) * 1997-05-21 1998-11-26 Degussa CO-tolerant anode catalyst for PEM fuel cells and process for its manufacture
US5879827A (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-03-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Catalyst for membrane electrode assembly and method of making
CN1135642C (en) 1997-10-14 2004-01-21 日新制钢株式会社 Separator for low temp. type fuel cell and method of production thereof
JP3564975B2 (en) * 1997-10-23 2004-09-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell electrode and method of manufacturing fuel cell electrode
JP4000651B2 (en) 1998-01-19 2007-10-31 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Manufacturing method of fuel cell separator
WO1999040642A1 (en) 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Nisshinbo Industries, Inc. Separator for fuel cells and method of manufacturing the same
US6753108B1 (en) * 1998-02-24 2004-06-22 Superior Micropowders, Llc Energy devices and methods for the fabrication of energy devices
JPH11297338A (en) 1998-04-10 1999-10-29 Nisshinbo Ind Inc Separator for solid polymer type fuel cell, and manufacture thereof
JP4707786B2 (en) 1998-05-07 2011-06-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Manufacturing method of gas separator for fuel cell
WO1999066576A1 (en) * 1998-06-16 1999-12-23 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Catalyst for polymer solid electrolyte type fuel-cell and method for producing catalyst for polymer solid electrolyte type fuel-cell
KR20010074667A (en) * 1998-06-19 2001-08-08 추후보정 Free-standing and aligned carbon nanotubes and synthesis thereof
US6531704B2 (en) * 1998-09-14 2003-03-11 Nanoproducts Corporation Nanotechnology for engineering the performance of substances
JP4746183B2 (en) * 1998-09-18 2011-08-10 ウィリアム・マーシュ・ライス・ユニバーシティ Chemical derivatization of single-walled carbon nanotubes and the use of derivatized nanotubes to facilitate solvation
US6287717B1 (en) * 1998-11-13 2001-09-11 Gore Enterprise Holdings, Inc. Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs
US6517965B1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2003-02-11 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Platinum-ruthenium-nickel alloy for use as a fuel cell catalyst
US6884405B2 (en) * 1999-03-23 2005-04-26 Rosseter Holdings Limited Method and device for producing higher fullerenes and nanotubes
US6333016B1 (en) 1999-06-02 2001-12-25 The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma Method of producing carbon nanotubes
SG109408A1 (en) * 1999-06-04 2005-03-30 Univ Singapore Method of reversibly storing h2, and h2-storage system based on metal-doped carbon-based materials
US6913075B1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2005-07-05 Energy Science Laboratories, Inc. Dendritic fiber material
US6159538A (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-12 Rodriguez; Nelly M. Method for introducing hydrogen into layered nanostructures
CN1101335C (en) * 1999-06-16 2003-02-12 中国科学院金属研究所 Hydrogn arc discharging method for large scale prodn. of single wall nanometer carbon tube
US6300000B1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2001-10-09 Gore Enterprise Holdings Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with improved power outputs and poison resistance
DE10023456A1 (en) 1999-07-29 2001-02-01 Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh Mesotubes and nanotubes
US6485858B1 (en) * 1999-08-23 2002-11-26 Catalytic Materials Graphite nanofiber catalyst systems for use in fuel cell electrodes
US6452117B2 (en) * 1999-08-26 2002-09-17 International Business Machines Corporation Method for filling high aspect ratio via holes in electronic substrates and the resulting holes
US6589312B1 (en) * 1999-09-01 2003-07-08 David G. Snow Nanoparticles for hydrogen storage, transportation, and distribution
JP3718092B2 (en) * 1999-11-26 2005-11-16 本田技研工業株式会社 Carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst in hydrogen-containing gas, carbon monoxide selective removal method using the catalyst, and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system
US6589682B1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2003-07-08 Karen Fleckner Fuel cells incorporating nanotubes in fuel feed
US6689439B2 (en) * 2000-03-08 2004-02-10 Zbigniew S. Sobolewski Micro-stud diffusion substrate for use in fuel cells
KR100487069B1 (en) * 2000-04-12 2005-05-03 일진나노텍 주식회사 Supercapacitor using electrode of new material and manufacturing method the same
US6572997B1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-06-03 Hybrid Power Generation Systems Llc Nanocomposite for fuel cell bipolar plate
US6780388B2 (en) * 2000-05-31 2004-08-24 Showa Denko K.K. Electrically conducting fine carbon composite powder, catalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel battery and fuel battery
JP3948217B2 (en) * 2000-06-05 2007-07-25 昭和電工株式会社 Conductive curable resin composition, cured product thereof, and molded product thereof
US6475249B1 (en) * 2000-06-07 2002-11-05 Industrial Technology Research Institute Method for manufacturing membrane electrode assembly of fuel cell
JP2002025638A (en) * 2000-07-11 2002-01-25 Nec Corp Battery
DE10037071A1 (en) * 2000-07-29 2002-02-21 Omg Ag & Co Kg Precious metal nanoparticles, process for their production and use
US6451175B1 (en) * 2000-08-15 2002-09-17 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method and apparatus for carbon nanotube production
US6458478B1 (en) * 2000-09-08 2002-10-01 Chi S. Wang Thermoelectric reformer fuel cell process and system
TW515129B (en) * 2000-09-29 2002-12-21 Sony Corp Method for manufacturing gas diffusion electrode and method for manufacturing electrochemical device
TW523961B (en) * 2000-09-29 2003-03-11 Sony Corp Fuel cell and method for preparation thereof
WO2002029836A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2002-04-11 Andelman Marc D Fringe-field capacitor electrode for electrochemical device
US6706437B2 (en) * 2001-01-10 2004-03-16 Sgl Carbon Ag Bipolar plates for fuel cell stacks
JP3991602B2 (en) * 2001-03-02 2007-10-17 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Carbon nanotube structure manufacturing method, wiring member manufacturing method, and wiring member
JP2002353075A (en) * 2001-03-21 2002-12-06 Morinobu Endo Electrode material for electric double-layer capacitor, and electric double-layer capacitor using the same
AU2002307283A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Purification of carbon filaments and their use in storing hydrogen
US6709560B2 (en) * 2001-04-18 2004-03-23 Biosource, Inc. Charge barrier flow-through capacitor
US20030035984A1 (en) * 2001-08-15 2003-02-20 Colborn Jeffrey A. Metal fuel cell system for providing backup power to one or more loads
US6591617B2 (en) * 2001-08-22 2003-07-15 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method and apparatus for hydrogen storage and retrieval
US6689711B2 (en) * 2001-10-09 2004-02-10 Metallic Power, Inc. Methods of producing oxygen reduction catalyst
CN100379078C (en) * 2001-10-11 2008-04-02 迪诺佛研究有限公司 Digital battery
US6679280B1 (en) * 2001-10-19 2004-01-20 Metallic Power, Inc. Manifold for fuel cell system
US6645628B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-11-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Carbon nanotube coated anode
DE10158488A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-12 Wolff Cellulosics Gmbh & Co Kg Solution-delayed cellulose ethers and a process for their preparation
US6846345B1 (en) * 2001-12-10 2005-01-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Synthesis of metal nanoparticle compositions from metallic and ethynyl compounds
US6672077B1 (en) * 2001-12-11 2004-01-06 Nanomix, Inc. Hydrogen storage in nanostructure with physisorption
US6713519B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2004-03-30 Battelle Memorial Institute Carbon nanotube-containing catalysts, methods of making, and reactions catalyzed over nanotube catalysts
AU2003235592A1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2003-07-30 The Trustees Of Boston College Reinforced carbon nanotubes
US6733828B2 (en) * 2002-01-29 2004-05-11 Kuei-Jung Chao Method of fabricating nanostructured materials
US6854688B2 (en) * 2002-05-03 2005-02-15 Ion America Corporation Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for airplane power generation and storage
US6872330B2 (en) * 2002-05-30 2005-03-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Chemical manufacture of nanostructured materials
KR100759547B1 (en) * 2002-07-29 2007-09-18 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Carbon nanotube for fuel cell, method for preparing the same and fuel cell using the carbon nanotube
US6858521B2 (en) * 2002-12-31 2005-02-22 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for fabricating spaced-apart nanostructures
US6821663B2 (en) * 2002-10-23 2004-11-23 Ion America Corporation Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell
WO2004109837A2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-12-16 Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. Fuel cell electrode comprising carbon nanotubes
US20040167014A1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-08-26 The Regents Of The Univ. Of California, Office Of Technology Transfer, University Of California Nanostructured proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6080357A (en) * 1997-03-11 2000-06-27 Katayama Special Industries, Ltd. Method of manufacturing porous sheet, porous metal sheet manufactured by method, and electrode for battery
US6309772B1 (en) * 1998-03-23 2001-10-30 Degussa Ag Membrane-electrode unit for polymer electrolyte fuel cells and processes for their preparation
US6576358B2 (en) * 1998-09-30 2003-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method of discharging reaction water in PEM fuel cells and fuel cell for carrying out the method
US6706431B2 (en) * 2000-11-14 2004-03-16 Fullerene Usa, Inc. Fuel cell
US20050053826A1 (en) * 2003-09-08 2005-03-10 Intematix Corporation Low platinum fuel cell catalysts and method for preparing the same
US20050255236A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-17 Tao Deng Method for forming nanoparticle films and applications thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120238440A1 (en) 2012-09-20
WO2007075437A2 (en) 2007-07-05
US8211593B2 (en) 2012-07-03
US20060172179A1 (en) 2006-08-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2007075437A3 (en) Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same
WO2005084399A3 (en) Low platinum fuel cells, catalysts, and method for preparing the same
EP1742282A4 (en) Membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell using same
WO2008070482A3 (en) Nanowire supported catalysts for fuel cell electrodes
EP1843416A4 (en) Fuel cell
Salvatore Aricò et al. Surface properties of Pt and PtCo electrocatalysts and their influence on the performance and degradation of high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells
WO2007081538A3 (en) Membrane electrode assembly for organic/air fuel cells
JP2006093090A (en) Fuel cell, its using method and its cathode electrode, electronic equipment, electrode reaction utilizing device and its electrode
WO2006062947A3 (en) Nanowire-based membrane electrode assemblies for fuel cells
WO2008088319A3 (en) Anode electrodes for direct oxidation fuel cells and systems operating with concentrated liquid fuel
WO2006015147A3 (en) Edge-protected catalyst-coated membrane electrode assemblies
MX2010000759A (en) Internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells.
EP1705737B8 (en) Membrane catalyst layer assembly, membrane electrode assembly, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell
EP1489677A3 (en) Method of making a membrane electrode assembly for electrochemical fuel cells
WO2007048712A3 (en) Surface-structured membranes and membranes coated with a catalyst, and membrane electrode units made therefrom
WO2006105130A3 (en) Novel electrolytes to enhance oxygen reduction reaction (orr) in the cathode layer of pem fuel cell
WO2009010840A3 (en) Fuel cell
EP1478041A3 (en) Fuel cell
WO2007048612A3 (en) Membrane electrode assemblies for dmfc having catalyst concentration gradient
KR20110081170A (en) Fuel cell and enzyme electrode
CA2423339A1 (en) Electrochemical device and method of manufacturing the device
WO2008024465A3 (en) Fuel cell anode structure for voltage reversal tolerance
EP1298751A3 (en) Polymer electrolyte fuel cell and production method thereof
WO2008054414A3 (en) Chalcogen catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cell
ATE503277T1 (en) MEMBRANE ELECTRODE UNIT FOR DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 06847674

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2