WO2007027514A1 - Endoscope articulation joint joint and method manufacture - Google Patents

Endoscope articulation joint joint and method manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007027514A1
WO2007027514A1 PCT/US2006/033154 US2006033154W WO2007027514A1 WO 2007027514 A1 WO2007027514 A1 WO 2007027514A1 US 2006033154 W US2006033154 W US 2006033154W WO 2007027514 A1 WO2007027514 A1 WO 2007027514A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
articulation joint
tubular body
cable guide
slots
segments
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/033154
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Dennis R. Boulais
Original Assignee
Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. filed Critical Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
Publication of WO2007027514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007027514A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0055Constructional details of insertion parts, e.g. vertebral elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00071Insertion part of the endoscope body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/00103Constructional details of the endoscope body designed for single use
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/00064Constructional details of the endoscope body
    • A61B1/0011Manufacturing of endoscope parts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005Flexible endoscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/0051Flexible endoscopes with controlled bending of insertion part
    • A61B1/0057Constructional details of force transmission elements, e.g. control wires
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/005Flexible endoscopes
    • A61B1/008Articulations
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • A61M25/01Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
    • A61M25/0105Steering means as part of the catheter or advancing means; Markers for positioning
    • A61M25/0133Tip steering devices
    • A61M25/0138Tip steering devices having flexible regions as a result of weakened outer material, e.g. slots, slits, cuts, joints or coils
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00305Constructional details of the flexible means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00305Constructional details of the flexible means
    • A61B2017/00309Cut-outs or slits
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/003Steerable
    • A61B2017/00305Constructional details of the flexible means
    • A61B2017/00314Separate linked members
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to medical devices in general and to articulation joints for use in medical devices in particular.
  • Endoscopes are also commonly used to perform surgical, therapeutic, diagnostic, or other medical procedures under direct visualization.
  • a conventional imaging endoscope used for such procedures includes an illuminating mechanism such as a fiber optic light guide connected to a proximal source of light, and an imaging means such as an imaging light guide to carry an image to a remote camera, or eye piece, or a miniature video camera within the endoscope itself.
  • most endoscopes include one or more working channels through which medical devices such as biopsy forceps, snares, fulguration probes and other tools may be passed in order to perform a procedure at a desired location in the patient's body.
  • endoscopes include means for deflecting the distal tip of the scope to follow the pathway of the structure under examination, with minimum deflection or friction force upon the surrounding tissue.
  • Control cables similar to bicycle brake cables are carried within the endoscope body in order to connect an articulation joint adjacent to the distal end to a set of control knobs at the proximal endoscope handle. By manipulating the control knobs, the operator is usually able to steer the endoscope during insertion and direct it to a region of interest.
  • Single-use, disposable devices are packaged in sterile wrappers to avoid the risk of pathogenic cross-contamination of diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and other pathogens. Hospitals generally welcome the convenience of single-use disposable products because they no longer have to be concerned with product age, overuse, breakage, malfunction, and sterilization.
  • One medical device that has not previously been inexpensive enough to be considered truly disposable is the endoscope, such as a colonoscope, bronchoscope, gastroscope, duodenoscope, etc.
  • Such a single-use or disposable endoscope is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/811,781, filed March 29, 2004, and in a U.S. Continuation-in- Part Patent Application No. 10/956,007, filed September 30, 2004, that are assigned to Scimed Life Systems, Inc., now Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc., and are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the articulation joint adjacent to the distal tip of a conventional endoscope is typically made from complicated stamped and formed parts that are brazed together.
  • the brazing operation is expensive and the metal articulation joint segments require special tooling to produce.
  • adhesives are often used to assemble the articulation joint segments to each other. Therefore, a need exists for a method of producing articulation joints from low cost materials that are easily assembled for use in a low-cost medical device such as a disposable endoscope.
  • the present invention is an articulation joint for use in a medical device such as an endoscope.
  • the articulation joint is comprised of a number of low cost, easily mass produced components that allow the distal end of the endoscope to be bent in a desired direction by one or more control cables.
  • the articulation joint body comprises a plurality of interconnecting segments. Each segment comprises a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall includes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough. A plurality of cable guide elements having a passage for control cables are inserted into the slots and two or more cables are threaded through the plurality of cable guide elements and tensioned to form the articulation joint body.
  • the articulation joint body is a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen.
  • the outer wall includes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough.
  • a plurality of annular rings are snap-fitted around the circumference of the tubular body at spaced intervals.
  • Each annular ring has an outer circumference with a first end and a second end and a space therebetween.
  • Also included in each annular ring is at least one pair of inwardly extending cable guide loops adapted to be inserted into the slots in the outer wall of the tubular body. Two or more cables are threaded through the plurality of cable guide loops and tensioned to form the articulation joint body.
  • the present invention includes a method of manufacturing an articulation joint for use in a medical device.
  • the method comprises injection molding a plurality of segments having interconnecting structures.
  • Each segment comprises a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen.
  • the outer wall includes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough.
  • the method includes injection molding a plurality of cable guide elements that each have a passage element adapted to be inserted through the slots on the outer wall.
  • the method involves interconnecting two or more segments and inserting the cable guide elements into the slots in the outer walls of the segments. One or more cables are then threaded through the guide elements and tensioned to form the articulation joint.
  • the method comprises injection molding a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen.
  • the outer wall includes a number of hinge elements and a series of slots therethrough.
  • a plurality of annular rings are formed, each ring having two or more guide loops sized to be received in the slots in the outer wall.
  • the annular rings are snap-fitted over the tubular body such that the guide loops are fitted through the slots and at least two cables are threaded through the guide loops and tensioned to form the articulation joint.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating a representative embodiment of an endoscope having a distal end, a proximal end and an articulation joint adjacent the distal end formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates an articulation joint positioned adjacent a distal portion of an endoscope shaft in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3A illustrates a partial view of an articulation joint body comprising a plurality of interconnected segments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 3B is a detailed view of a segment of the articulation joint body shown in FIGURE 3 A;
  • FIGURE 3 C is a perspective view of a cable guide element for use in assembling an articulation joint body comprising a plurality of interconnected segments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 4 is a partial perspective view of an articulation joint body comprising interconnected segments having four control cables threaded through four cable guide elements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 5 A is a perspective view of an embodiment of an articulation joint body comprising a unitary core having a plurality of annular rings fitted around the outer circumference of the unitary core at regular intervals, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 5B is a detailed view of the embodiment of the annular ring shown in FIGURE 5A;
  • FIGURE 5C is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the articulation joint body shown in FIGURE 5A;
  • FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an articulation joint body comprising a unitary core having a plurality of slots, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing an articulation joint body having a plurality of interconnected segments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGURE 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing an articulation joint body having a unitary core in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an articulation joint and a method of making an articulation joint for use in a medical device, such as an endoscope.
  • the present invention provides many advantages over articulation joints used in conventional endoscopy systems.
  • the articulation joints of the present invention are easy to assemble and do not require the use of adhesives or brazing, thereby providing an inexpensive and easily mass-produced joint that allows the distal end of a medical device, such as an endoscope, to be bent in any desired direction by one or more control cables.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates an exemplary endoscope 20, having an embodiment of an articulation joint 30 formed in accordance with the present invention.
  • the endoscope 20 can be any single-use or reusable, flexible, or partially-flexible elongated probe, such as, for example, a bronchoscope or a colonoscope.
  • the endoscope 20 includes an elongated shaft 21 with a distal end 22 that is advanced into a patient's body cavity and a proximal end 24 that is removably connected to a control cabinet (not shown) via a connector 34.
  • the endoscope 20 includes the articulation joint 30 proximal to the distal tip 22 to provide sufficient flexibility to the distal section of the shaft 21 such that the distal end 22 can be directed over the required deflection range (180° or more).
  • the endoscope 20 has a set of control cables 40, shown best in FIGURE 2, that control the motion of the distal end 22.
  • the distal end of the control cables are attached at or adjacent to the distal end 22 of the shaft, while the proximal ends of the control cables are attached to actuators in a handle (not shown) or in a control unit (not shown).
  • the endoscope 20 also includes a breakout box 26 that is positioned approximately midway along the length of the endoscope.
  • the breakout box 26 provides an entrance to a working channel covered by a cap 32. In use, an operator can remove the cap 32 and insert a medical device such as a biopsy forceps, snare, etc., into the working channel of the endoscope to perform a desired procedure within the patient.
  • FIGURE 2 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the shaft 21 of the endoscope 20 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the endoscope 20 generally comprises a hollow shaft having one or more lumens formed of plastic materials, such as polyurethane or polyethylene, which terminate at the distal end 22.
  • the shape of the distal end 22 and shaft 21 are usually cylindrical but can be made in other shapes to facilitate passage into a body cavity.
  • the distal end 22 comprises a cap that is secured within a central lumen to the distal end of the articulation joint 30.
  • the distal end of the shaft 21 is secured to the proximal end of the articulation joint 30.
  • the shaft 21 has a greater torsional stiffness and/or is better able to transmit torque towards the distal end of the endoscope than at the proximal end of the endoscope.
  • the cap at the distal end 22 includes an imaging system with a light illumination port, an image sensor, an opening to a working channel, and a flushing port. Further detail of an exemplary imaging system and its operation can be found in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 10/811 ,781 , and 10/956,007, as discussed above.
  • a number of control cables 40 extend from the proximal end of the shaft 21 where they comiect to actuators in the control cabinet or a manual handle (not shown).
  • the control cables 40 extend through a plurality of cable guide elements 50 positioned along the walls of the articulation joint 30, and terminate either at the distal end of the articulation joint 30 or in the distal end section 22.
  • the proximal portion of the control cables 40 may be routed within the center lumen of the shaft 21, or, as shown in FIGURE 2, may be routed through a number of cable guide elements or lumens formed within or along the walls of the shaft 21, as discussed in more detail below.
  • the articulation joint 30 has a generally cylindrical configuration with a central lumen.
  • an articulation joint body 100 is formed from a plurality of interconnected segments HOA, HOB that are axially aligned and secured to one another to create an articulation joint.
  • FIGURE 3B shows further detail of the segment HOA.
  • the articulation joint segment 110 comprises a cylindrical tube having an outer wall H lA and an open central lumen 102.
  • One or more hinges 112, 114 are formed in the outer wall H lA along the longitudinal axes in order to facilitate bending of the assembled articulation joint body 100.
  • each segment comprises two pairs of hinge elements 112, 114.
  • Each hinge 112, 114 comprises a pair of opposing V-shaped slits in the outer wall 11 IA that are separated by a pair of opposing flex points 115A, 155B (hidden in FIGURE 3B) and 116A, 166B (hidden in FIGURE 3B) in the outer wall 11 IA.
  • each hinge Upon tension of the control cables, each hinge allows the segment and/or the assembled tubular body comprising multiple segments to move back and forth in an amount that is determined by the widest part of the V-shaped slits.
  • the hinges 112 and 114 are circumferentially arranged in an alternating 90 degree pattern to achieve articulation in two planes, although other arrangements would also be known to one of skill in the art.
  • the angles of the V- shaped cuts that form the hinges 112 and 114 may be uniform, or may vary along the length of the articulation joint body 100.
  • the distance between adjacent hinges 112 and 114 may be uniform or may vary in order to tailor the bending and torque fidelity characteristics of the articulation joint body 100.
  • the segments 11 OA, HOB, etc. are preferably made from a molded plastic material and include a central lumen 102 through which the control cables 40 and other elements of the endoscope 20 are passed to allow electrical, irrigation and aspiration connections to extend into the distal end 22.
  • Suitable materials for forming the articulation joint segments 11 OA, 11 OB include polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other biocompatible polymers.
  • the articulation joint body 100 may be formed from any number of interconnecting segments 11 OA, HOB, etc., in order to provide an articulation joint having any total bend angle required.
  • each segment includes the hinge 112 and 114, each having a closing angle of 30 degrees.
  • FIGURES 3 A and 3 B additionally illustrate a representative set of interconnecting structures capable of interlocking the segments HOA and HOB to form a portion of the articulation joint body 100.
  • the segment 11OA comprises an outer wall 11 IA having a first end 122 and a second end 124.
  • the first end 122 of the segment HOA includes an outwardly extending rim having an outer diameter selected such that the rim is able to be received in a corresponding counter-bored detail of an adjacent segment.
  • one end of the segment includes a set of tangs 130 and a set of notches 132 on the other end. The tangs 130 from one segment are received in the notches 132 of an adjacent segment to prevent the adjacent segments from axially rotating with respect to each other.
  • the outer wall 11 IA of the segment 11 OA at the proximal-most end of the articulation joint body 100 is adapted to receive the distal end of the shaft 21, and the outer wall 11 IB of segment HOB at the distal-most end of the articulation joint body 100 is adapted to receive the distal end 22 of the endoscope 20.
  • HOB also included adjacent to the first end 122 and second end 124 of the segments 11 OA, HOB are two or more slots 120 that each receive a cable guide element.
  • the cable guide element is a seaming pin 150 that holds the adjacent segments together.
  • the pin 150 has a head 152 sized to prevent the pin 150 from being pulled through the slot 120 and a tab 154 that fits into the slots 120 of the adjacent segments.
  • the distal end of the tab 154 includes a hole 156 that forms a passage through which a control cable can be passed.
  • two slots 120 are spaced at a 180 degree interval around the circumference of each segment 110.
  • FIGURE 4 is a partial perspective view of two interconnected segments 11 OA,
  • FIGURE 5A illustrates an articulation joint body 200 formed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the articulation joint body 200 comprises an elongated unitary core 202 comprising a cylinder with an outer wall 203 and a central lumen 204.
  • the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202 comprises a series of hinges 210, 212 along its length that are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the elongated unitary core 202.
  • each hinge 210, 212 comprises a pair of opposing V-shaped slits in the outer wall 203 that are separated by a pair of opposing flex points 21 IA, 21 IB (hidden in FIGURE 5A) and 213A, 213B (hidden in FIGURE 5A) in the outer wall 203.
  • the outer wall 203 also includes a plurality of circumferential grooves 216 located on the outside of the outer wall 203 at intervals spaced along the length of the unitary core 202.
  • Each circumferential groove 216 is sized to receive an annular ring 220, best shown in FIGURE 5B.
  • Each circumferential groove 216 further includes one or more slots 214, best shown in FIGURE 5C.
  • Each slot 214 is adapted to receive an inwardly extending cable guide loop 230 that fits through the slot 214 such that a control cable can fit in the space between the inner wall of the shaft and the enclosed portion of the loop 230.
  • one circumferential groove 216 is disposed between hinges 210 and 212 to form an alternating pattern, as shown in FIGURE 5 A.
  • the elongated unitary core 202 may be formed by injection molding using a suitable biocompatible polymeric material, such as polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other biocompatible polymers.
  • FIGURE 5B illustrates an embodiment of the annular ring 220 that comprises an outer circumference with a first end 222 and a second end 224 having a space therebetween that allows the annular ring 220 to be snap-fitted over the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202.
  • Positioned at equally spaced intervals around the outer circumference of the annular ring 220 are inwardly extending cable guide loops 230 that are adapted to be inserted into the corresponding slots 214 and are capable of receiving a control cable 240.
  • One or more annular rings 220 may be disposed within the circumferential grooves 216 in the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202, as shown in FIGURE 5A.
  • the annular ring 220 has four cable guide loops 230 inserted through the slots 214, through which four control cables 240A, 240B, 240C and 240D are threaded.
  • a different number of cable guide loops and control cables may be provided, such as 2, 3, 4, or more than 4.
  • the annular ring 220 may be made of a metal such as steel, brass, nitinol, etc., or molded from a biocompatible polymer.
  • FIGURE 5C is a cross-sectional view of the articulation joint body 200 shown in
  • FIGURE 5 A showing the annular ring 220 fitted into the circumferential groove 216 formed in the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202.
  • each circumferential groove 216 includes four slots 214.
  • the four inwardly extending cable guide loops 230 protrude towards the central lumen 204 through the slots 214, to form guides through which control cables 240A, 240B, 240C and 240D are threaded.
  • FIGURE 6 shows another embodiment of an articulation joint body 300 that has a unitary core 302 formed generally as a cylinder with an outer wall 303 and a central lumen 304.
  • the articulation joint body 300 is substantially similar to the articulation joint body 200 described above, with the difference being that the plurality of circumferential grooves 216 are omitted in the joint body 300.
  • a series of slots 314 are arranged around the outer circumference of the body 302 that are adapted to receive one or more cable guide loops 230 extending inward on the annular ring 220, as shown and described in reference to FIGURES 5A, 5B and 5C.
  • FIGURE 7 is a flow chart of a process for manufacturing a segmented articulation joint.
  • the process begins at 400 and comprises injection molding a plurality of segments comprising corresponding interfacing tangs and notches at 410.
  • the segments may be injection molded using a suitable biocompatible polymeric material, such as, for example, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other biocompatible polymers.
  • Each segment comprises a generally cylindrical body with an outer wall and a central lumen.
  • the outer wall of each segment includes a number of hinge elements, such as V-shaped slits.
  • the V-shaped slits may be molded into the segments or cut with a laser, waterjet or other material removal mechanism.
  • the outer walls of the segments further include a series of slots adapted to receive a cable guide element.
  • the process further includes injection molding a plurality of cable guide elements at 420.
  • the cable guide elements include a retaining head connected to a passage sized to be received in the slots in the outer wall of the segments.
  • the cable guide elements may be injection molded from a metal such as steel, brass, etc. or from a biocompatible polymer.
  • a plurality of segments are interconnected by aligning the corresponding tangs and notches on each segment. Any number of segments may be connected together in order to provide various degrees of articulation.
  • the passages of the plurality of guide elements are inserted into the slots on the interconnected segments. Once the cable guide elements are in place, cables are threaded through the corresponding cable passages at 440. The cables are then tensioned to form the articulation joint at 450.
  • the cables are preferably made of a non-stretching material such as a stainless steel or a highly oriented polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) thread string.
  • PET polyethylene-terephthalate
  • the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an articulation joint comprising a unitary core as shown in FIGURE 8.
  • the process starts at 500 and comprises injection molding a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen.
  • the outer wall comprises a plurality of hinge elements such as V-shaped slits.
  • the outer wall includes a series of slots arranged around the circumference of the outer wall that are each adapted to receive a guide passage on an annular ring.
  • the outer wall further includes a series of circumferential grooves that are disposed over the slots.
  • the process further includes injection molding, stamping, or otherwise forming a plurality of annular rings that each comprise an outer circumference with a first end and a second end having a space therebetween that allows the ring to be snap-fitted over the outer wall and received in one of the circumferential grooves.
  • Each annular ring also includes. two or more oppositely formed, inwardly extending guide passages that are adapted to be received in the slots in the outer wall.
  • the annular rings may be formed from a metal such as steel, brass, etc. or from a biocompatible polymer.
  • the plurality of annular rings are snap-fitted over the tubular body such that the guide passages extend through the slots towards the central lumen. Once the annular rings are in place, one or more cables are threaded through the guide passages at 540. The threaded cables are then tensioned at 550 to form an articulation joint.
  • the process ends at 560.

Abstract

An articulation joint (100) for use in a low cost medical device such as an endoscope intended for a single use is provided. In one embodiment, the articulation joint comprises a plurality of interconnected segments (110A,110B). In another embodiment, the articulation joint comprises an elongated tubular body. Each segment or the tubular body, respectively, comprises a cylinder with an outer wall (111A) and a central lumen (102), wherein the outer wall includes at least one hinge element therein and at least one slot (120) therethrough. The articulation joint further comprises at least one cable guide element comprising a passage extending through the slot. One or more control cables are threaded through the cable guide passage. Also provided are methods of manufacturing an articulation joint for use in a medical device.

Description

ENDOSCOPE ARTICULATION JOINT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to medical devices in general and to articulation joints for use in medical devices in particular.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It has become well established that there are major health benefits from regular endoscopic examinations of a patient's internal structures such as the alimentary canals and airways, e.g., the esophagus, stomach, lungs, colon, uterus, urethra, kidney, and other organ systems. Endoscopes are also commonly used to perform surgical, therapeutic, diagnostic, or other medical procedures under direct visualization. A conventional imaging endoscope used for such procedures includes an illuminating mechanism such as a fiber optic light guide connected to a proximal source of light, and an imaging means such as an imaging light guide to carry an image to a remote camera, or eye piece, or a miniature video camera within the endoscope itself. In addition, most endoscopes include one or more working channels through which medical devices such as biopsy forceps, snares, fulguration probes and other tools may be passed in order to perform a procedure at a desired location in the patient's body.
Navigation of the endoscope through complex and tortuous paths is critical to the success of the examination with minimum pain, side effects, risk or sedation to the patient. To this end, modern endoscopes include means for deflecting the distal tip of the scope to follow the pathway of the structure under examination, with minimum deflection or friction force upon the surrounding tissue. Control cables similar to bicycle brake cables are carried within the endoscope body in order to connect an articulation joint adjacent to the distal end to a set of control knobs at the proximal endoscope handle. By manipulating the control knobs, the operator is usually able to steer the endoscope during insertion and direct it to a region of interest. Common operator complaints about traditional endoscopes include their limited flexibility, limited column strength, and limited operator control of stiffness along the endoscope length. Conventional endoscopes are expensive, hand assembled medical devices costing in the range of $25,000 for an endoscope, and much more for the associated operator console. Because of this expense, these conventional endoscopes are built to withstand repeated disinfections and use upon many patients. Conventional endoscopes are generally built of sturdy materials, which decreases the flexibility of the scope and thus can decrease patient comfort. Furthermore, conventional endoscopes are complex and fragile instruments that frequently need expensive repair as a result of damage during use or during a disinfection procedure. Low cost, disposable medical devices designated for a single use have become popular for instruments that are difficult to clean properly. Single-use, disposable devices are packaged in sterile wrappers to avoid the risk of pathogenic cross-contamination of diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and other pathogens. Hospitals generally welcome the convenience of single-use disposable products because they no longer have to be concerned with product age, overuse, breakage, malfunction, and sterilization. One medical device that has not previously been inexpensive enough to be considered truly disposable is the endoscope, such as a colonoscope, bronchoscope, gastroscope, duodenoscope, etc. Such a single-use or disposable endoscope is described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/811,781, filed March 29, 2004, and in a U.S. Continuation-in- Part Patent Application No. 10/956,007, filed September 30, 2004, that are assigned to Scimed Life Systems, Inc., now Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc., and are hereby incorporated by reference.
The articulation joint adjacent to the distal tip of a conventional endoscope is typically made from complicated stamped and formed parts that are brazed together. The brazing operation is expensive and the metal articulation joint segments require special tooling to produce. In addition, adhesives are often used to assemble the articulation joint segments to each other. Therefore, a need exists for a method of producing articulation joints from low cost materials that are easily assembled for use in a low-cost medical device such as a disposable endoscope.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To address these and other concerns, in one embodiment the present invention is an articulation joint for use in a medical device such as an endoscope. The articulation joint is comprised of a number of low cost, easily mass produced components that allow the distal end of the endoscope to be bent in a desired direction by one or more control cables. In one embodiment, the articulation joint body comprises a plurality of interconnecting segments. Each segment comprises a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall includes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough. A plurality of cable guide elements having a passage for control cables are inserted into the slots and two or more cables are threaded through the plurality of cable guide elements and tensioned to form the articulation joint body.
In another embodiment, the articulation joint body is a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall includes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough. A plurality of annular rings are snap-fitted around the circumference of the tubular body at spaced intervals. Each annular ring has an outer circumference with a first end and a second end and a space therebetween. Also included in each annular ring is at least one pair of inwardly extending cable guide loops adapted to be inserted into the slots in the outer wall of the tubular body. Two or more cables are threaded through the plurality of cable guide loops and tensioned to form the articulation joint body.
In another aspect, the present invention includes a method of manufacturing an articulation joint for use in a medical device. In one embodiment, the method comprises injection molding a plurality of segments having interconnecting structures. Each segment comprises a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall includes a number of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough. The method includes injection molding a plurality of cable guide elements that each have a passage element adapted to be inserted through the slots on the outer wall. The method involves interconnecting two or more segments and inserting the cable guide elements into the slots in the outer walls of the segments. One or more cables are then threaded through the guide elements and tensioned to form the articulation joint.
In another embodiment, the method comprises injection molding a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall includes a number of hinge elements and a series of slots therethrough. A plurality of annular rings are formed, each ring having two or more guide loops sized to be received in the slots in the outer wall. The annular rings are snap-fitted over the tubular body such that the guide loops are fitted through the slots and at least two cables are threaded through the guide loops and tensioned to form the articulation joint.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same become better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a diagram illustrating a representative embodiment of an endoscope having a distal end, a proximal end and an articulation joint adjacent the distal end formed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 2 illustrates an articulation joint positioned adjacent a distal portion of an endoscope shaft in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 3A illustrates a partial view of an articulation joint body comprising a plurality of interconnected segments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 3B is a detailed view of a segment of the articulation joint body shown in FIGURE 3 A;
FIGURE 3 C is a perspective view of a cable guide element for use in assembling an articulation joint body comprising a plurality of interconnected segments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 4 is a partial perspective view of an articulation joint body comprising interconnected segments having four control cables threaded through four cable guide elements in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 5 A is a perspective view of an embodiment of an articulation joint body comprising a unitary core having a plurality of annular rings fitted around the outer circumference of the unitary core at regular intervals, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGURE 5B is a detailed view of the embodiment of the annular ring shown in FIGURE 5A; FIGURE 5C is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the articulation joint body shown in FIGURE 5A;
FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an articulation joint body comprising a unitary core having a plurality of slots, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing an articulation joint body having a plurality of interconnected segments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and FIGURE 8 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of manufacturing an articulation joint body having a unitary core in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Generally described, the present invention provides an articulation joint and a method of making an articulation joint for use in a medical device, such as an endoscope. The present invention provides many advantages over articulation joints used in conventional endoscopy systems. For example, the articulation joints of the present invention are easy to assemble and do not require the use of adhesives or brazing, thereby providing an inexpensive and easily mass-produced joint that allows the distal end of a medical device, such as an endoscope, to be bent in any desired direction by one or more control cables.
The various embodiments of the articulation joint described herein may be used with both conventional reusable endoscopes and low cost, disposable endoscopes, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/811,781, filed March 29, 2004, and in a U.S. Continuation-in-Part Patent Application No. 10/956,007, filed September 30, 2004, that are assigned to Scimed Life Systems, Inc., now Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc., and are hereby incorporated by reference. FIGURE 1 illustrates an exemplary endoscope 20, having an embodiment of an articulation joint 30 formed in accordance with the present invention. The endoscope 20 can be any single-use or reusable, flexible, or partially-flexible elongated probe, such as, for example, a bronchoscope or a colonoscope. In the embodiment shown in FIGURE 1, the endoscope 20 includes an elongated shaft 21 with a distal end 22 that is advanced into a patient's body cavity and a proximal end 24 that is removably connected to a control cabinet (not shown) via a connector 34. The endoscope 20 includes the articulation joint 30 proximal to the distal tip 22 to provide sufficient flexibility to the distal section of the shaft 21 such that the distal end 22 can be directed over the required deflection range (180° or more). The endoscope 20 has a set of control cables 40, shown best in FIGURE 2, that control the motion of the distal end 22. The distal end of the control cables are attached at or adjacent to the distal end 22 of the shaft, while the proximal ends of the control cables are attached to actuators in a handle (not shown) or in a control unit (not shown). In the embodiment shown in FIGURE 1, the endoscope 20 also includes a breakout box 26 that is positioned approximately midway along the length of the endoscope. The breakout box 26 provides an entrance to a working channel covered by a cap 32. In use, an operator can remove the cap 32 and insert a medical device such as a biopsy forceps, snare, etc., into the working channel of the endoscope to perform a desired procedure within the patient.
FIGURE 2 is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the distal portion of the shaft 21 of the endoscope 20 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The endoscope 20 generally comprises a hollow shaft having one or more lumens formed of plastic materials, such as polyurethane or polyethylene, which terminate at the distal end 22. The shape of the distal end 22 and shaft 21 are usually cylindrical but can be made in other shapes to facilitate passage into a body cavity. The distal end 22 comprises a cap that is secured within a central lumen to the distal end of the articulation joint 30. The distal end of the shaft 21 is secured to the proximal end of the articulation joint 30. In some embodiments, the shaft 21 has a greater torsional stiffness and/or is better able to transmit torque towards the distal end of the endoscope than at the proximal end of the endoscope. The cap at the distal end 22 includes an imaging system with a light illumination port, an image sensor, an opening to a working channel, and a flushing port. Further detail of an exemplary imaging system and its operation can be found in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 10/811 ,781 , and 10/956,007, as discussed above.
With continued reference to FIGURE 2, a number of control cables 40 extend from the proximal end of the shaft 21 where they comiect to actuators in the control cabinet or a manual handle (not shown). The control cables 40 extend through a plurality of cable guide elements 50 positioned along the walls of the articulation joint 30, and terminate either at the distal end of the articulation joint 30 or in the distal end section 22. The proximal portion of the control cables 40 may be routed within the center lumen of the shaft 21, or, as shown in FIGURE 2, may be routed through a number of cable guide elements or lumens formed within or along the walls of the shaft 21, as discussed in more detail below. In accordance with the various aspects of the invention, the articulation joint 30 has a generally cylindrical configuration with a central lumen. In one embodiment, shown in FIGURE 3 A, an articulation joint body 100 is formed from a plurality of interconnected segments HOA, HOB that are axially aligned and secured to one another to create an articulation joint. FIGURE 3B shows further detail of the segment HOA. The articulation joint segment 110 comprises a cylindrical tube having an outer wall H lA and an open central lumen 102. One or more hinges 112, 114 are formed in the outer wall H lA along the longitudinal axes in order to facilitate bending of the assembled articulation joint body 100. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGURE 3 A, each segment comprises two pairs of hinge elements 112, 114. Each hinge 112, 114 comprises a pair of opposing V-shaped slits in the outer wall 11 IA that are separated by a pair of opposing flex points 115A, 155B (hidden in FIGURE 3B) and 116A, 166B (hidden in FIGURE 3B) in the outer wall 11 IA. Upon tension of the control cables, each hinge allows the segment and/or the assembled tubular body comprising multiple segments to move back and forth in an amount that is determined by the widest part of the V-shaped slits. In the embodiment of the articulation joint body 100 shown in FIGURE 3 A, the hinges 112 and 114 are circumferentially arranged in an alternating 90 degree pattern to achieve articulation in two planes, although other arrangements would also be known to one of skill in the art. As will be appreciated, the angles of the V- shaped cuts that form the hinges 112 and 114 may be uniform, or may vary along the length of the articulation joint body 100. Similarly, the distance between adjacent hinges 112 and 114 may be uniform or may vary in order to tailor the bending and torque fidelity characteristics of the articulation joint body 100. The segments 11 OA, HOB, etc., are preferably made from a molded plastic material and include a central lumen 102 through which the control cables 40 and other elements of the endoscope 20 are passed to allow electrical, irrigation and aspiration connections to extend into the distal end 22. Suitable materials for forming the articulation joint segments 11 OA, 11 OB include polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other biocompatible polymers. The articulation joint body 100 may be formed from any number of interconnecting segments 11 OA, HOB, etc., in order to provide an articulation joint having any total bend angle required. For example, in one embodiment of the articulation joint body 100, each segment includes the hinge 112 and 114, each having a closing angle of 30 degrees. In accordance with this embodiment, six segments 11 OA, HOB, HOC, HOD, HOE, and 11 OF (not shown), having a corresponding total of six hinges 112 and 114 for each axis disposed along the length of the articulation joint are required to provide a 360 degree range of movement. FIGURES 3 A and 3 B additionally illustrate a representative set of interconnecting structures capable of interlocking the segments HOA and HOB to form a portion of the articulation joint body 100. As shown in FIGURE 3B, the segment 11OA comprises an outer wall 11 IA having a first end 122 and a second end 124. The first end 122 of the segment HOA includes an outwardly extending rim having an outer diameter selected such that the rim is able to be received in a corresponding counter-bored detail of an adjacent segment. As further shown in FIGURES 3A and 3B5 one end of the segment includes a set of tangs 130 and a set of notches 132 on the other end. The tangs 130 from one segment are received in the notches 132 of an adjacent segment to prevent the adjacent segments from axially rotating with respect to each other.
In the embodiment of the articulation joint body 100 shown in FIGURE 3 A, the outer wall 11 IA of the segment 11 OA at the proximal-most end of the articulation joint body 100 is adapted to receive the distal end of the shaft 21, and the outer wall 11 IB of segment HOB at the distal-most end of the articulation joint body 100 is adapted to receive the distal end 22 of the endoscope 20.
With reference now to FIGURE 3 B, also included adjacent to the first end 122 and second end 124 of the segments 11 OA, HOB are two or more slots 120 that each receive a cable guide element. In one embodiment the cable guide element is a seaming pin 150 that holds the adjacent segments together. As shown in FIGURE 3C, the pin 150 has a head 152 sized to prevent the pin 150 from being pulled through the slot 120 and a tab 154 that fits into the slots 120 of the adjacent segments. The distal end of the tab 154 includes a hole 156 that forms a passage through which a control cable can be passed. In some embodiments, two slots 120 are spaced at a 180 degree interval around the circumference of each segment 110. In other embodiments, three slots 120 are spaced at 120 degree intervals around the circumference of each segment 110. In further embodiments, four slots 120 are spaced at 90 degree intervals around the circumference of each segment 110. In some embodiments, the outer extending portion of the slots 120 are a counter-bored detail for receiving the head 152 on the pin 150. In a preferred embodiment, the pins 150 are injection molded. FIGURE 4 is a partial perspective view of two interconnected segments 11 OA,
HOB, including pins 150 inserted into the slots with control cables 160A, 160B, 160C, 160D threaded through the holes 156 in the tabs 154 to couple the adjacent segments together. Variations in bending and torque fidelity along the length of the articulation joint can be achieved by varying the durometer rating of materials that are used to mold the different segments. Also, as mentioned above, the flexibility of the articulation joint may be varied by changing the distance between adjacent hinges in each segment and/or by varying the angles of the V-shaped slits that form the hinges. FIGURE 5A illustrates an articulation joint body 200 formed in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The articulation joint body 200 comprises an elongated unitary core 202 comprising a cylinder with an outer wall 203 and a central lumen 204. The outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202 comprises a series of hinges 210, 212 along its length that are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the elongated unitary core 202. As shown in FIGURE 5 A, each hinge 210, 212 comprises a pair of opposing V-shaped slits in the outer wall 203 that are separated by a pair of opposing flex points 21 IA, 21 IB (hidden in FIGURE 5A) and 213A, 213B (hidden in FIGURE 5A) in the outer wall 203. In the embodiment of the articulation joint body 200 shown in FIGURE 5 A, the hinges 210 and 212 are arranged in an alternating 90 degree pattern, although other arrangements would also be known to one of skill in the art. The outer wall 203 also includes a plurality of circumferential grooves 216 located on the outside of the outer wall 203 at intervals spaced along the length of the unitary core 202. Each circumferential groove 216 is sized to receive an annular ring 220, best shown in FIGURE 5B. Each circumferential groove 216 further includes one or more slots 214, best shown in FIGURE 5C. Each slot 214 is adapted to receive an inwardly extending cable guide loop 230 that fits through the slot 214 such that a control cable can fit in the space between the inner wall of the shaft and the enclosed portion of the loop 230. In one embodiment, one circumferential groove 216 is disposed between hinges 210 and 212 to form an alternating pattern, as shown in FIGURE 5 A. The elongated unitary core 202 may be formed by injection molding using a suitable biocompatible polymeric material, such as polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other biocompatible polymers.
FIGURE 5B illustrates an embodiment of the annular ring 220 that comprises an outer circumference with a first end 222 and a second end 224 having a space therebetween that allows the annular ring 220 to be snap-fitted over the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202. Positioned at equally spaced intervals around the outer circumference of the annular ring 220 are inwardly extending cable guide loops 230 that are adapted to be inserted into the corresponding slots 214 and are capable of receiving a control cable 240. One or more annular rings 220 may be disposed within the circumferential grooves 216 in the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202, as shown in FIGURE 5A.
In the embodiment shown in FIGURE 5B, the annular ring 220 has four cable guide loops 230 inserted through the slots 214, through which four control cables 240A, 240B, 240C and 240D are threaded. However, a different number of cable guide loops and control cables may be provided, such as 2, 3, 4, or more than 4. The annular ring 220 may be made of a metal such as steel, brass, nitinol, etc., or molded from a biocompatible polymer. FIGURE 5C is a cross-sectional view of the articulation joint body 200 shown in
FIGURE 5 A, showing the annular ring 220 fitted into the circumferential groove 216 formed in the outer wall 203 of the unitary core 202. In the embodiment shown, each circumferential groove 216 includes four slots 214. As shown, the four inwardly extending cable guide loops 230 protrude towards the central lumen 204 through the slots 214, to form guides through which control cables 240A, 240B, 240C and 240D are threaded.
FIGURE 6 shows another embodiment of an articulation joint body 300 that has a unitary core 302 formed generally as a cylinder with an outer wall 303 and a central lumen 304. The articulation joint body 300 is substantially similar to the articulation joint body 200 described above, with the difference being that the plurality of circumferential grooves 216 are omitted in the joint body 300. A series of slots 314 are arranged around the outer circumference of the body 302 that are adapted to receive one or more cable guide loops 230 extending inward on the annular ring 220, as shown and described in reference to FIGURES 5A, 5B and 5C. In another aspect, the present invention includes a method for manufacturing an articulation joint for use in a medical device, such as a low cost endoscope. FIGURE 7 is a flow chart of a process for manufacturing a segmented articulation joint. The process begins at 400 and comprises injection molding a plurality of segments comprising corresponding interfacing tangs and notches at 410. The segments may be injection molded using a suitable biocompatible polymeric material, such as, for example, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene or other biocompatible polymers. Each segment comprises a generally cylindrical body with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall of each segment includes a number of hinge elements, such as V-shaped slits. The V-shaped slits may be molded into the segments or cut with a laser, waterjet or other material removal mechanism. In some embodiments, the outer walls of the segments further include a series of slots adapted to receive a cable guide element. The process further includes injection molding a plurality of cable guide elements at 420. In one embodiment, the cable guide elements include a retaining head connected to a passage sized to be received in the slots in the outer wall of the segments. The cable guide elements may be injection molded from a metal such as steel, brass, etc. or from a biocompatible polymer. At 430 a plurality of segments are interconnected by aligning the corresponding tangs and notches on each segment. Any number of segments may be connected together in order to provide various degrees of articulation. The passages of the plurality of guide elements are inserted into the slots on the interconnected segments. Once the cable guide elements are in place, cables are threaded through the corresponding cable passages at 440. The cables are then tensioned to form the articulation joint at 450. The cables are preferably made of a non-stretching material such as a stainless steel or a highly oriented polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) thread string. The method ends at 460.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an articulation joint comprising a unitary core as shown in FIGURE 8. The process starts at 500 and comprises injection molding a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen. The outer wall comprises a plurality of hinge elements such as V-shaped slits. In one embodiment, the outer wall includes a series of slots arranged around the circumference of the outer wall that are each adapted to receive a guide passage on an annular ring. In another embodiment, the outer wall further includes a series of circumferential grooves that are disposed over the slots. At 520 the process further includes injection molding, stamping, or otherwise forming a plurality of annular rings that each comprise an outer circumference with a first end and a second end having a space therebetween that allows the ring to be snap-fitted over the outer wall and received in one of the circumferential grooves. Each annular ring also includes. two or more oppositely formed, inwardly extending guide passages that are adapted to be received in the slots in the outer wall. The annular rings may be formed from a metal such as steel, brass, etc. or from a biocompatible polymer. At 530 the plurality of annular rings are snap-fitted over the tubular body such that the guide passages extend through the slots towards the central lumen. Once the annular rings are in place, one or more cables are threaded through the guide passages at 540. The threaded cables are then tensioned at 550 to form an articulation joint. The process ends at 560.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be determined from the following claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. An articulation joint for use in a medical device, the articulation joint comprising a tubular body comprising: a plurality of interconnected adjacent segments, wherein each segment comprises a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen, and wherein the outer wall of each segment includes at least one hinge element therein and at least one slot therethrough; at least one cable guide element comprising a passage capable of extending through the slot and means for retaining a portion of the cable guide element from passing through the slot; and one or more control cables threaded through the cable guide element comprising the passage.
2. The articulation joint of Claim 1, wherein the passage of the at least one cable guide element extends through the at least one slot and into the central lumen of the segment.
3. The articulation j oint of Claim 1 , wherein the means for retaining a portion of the cable guide element comprises a retaining head connected to the passage, wherein the retaining head prevents the cable guide element from passing through the slot.
4. The articulation joint of Claim 1, wherein the at least one cable guide element comprises an annular ring comprising an outer circumference with a first end and a second end having a space therebetween, wherein the space is sized to allow the annular ring to be fitted around the circumference of the tubular body at spaced intervals.
5. The articulation joint of Claim 4, wherein the annular ring comprises at least one pair of inwardly extending cable guide passages adapted to be inserted through the slots and into the central lumen.
6. The articulation joint of Claim I5 wherein each segment includes at least one opposing pair of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough.
7. The articulation joint of Claim 6, wherein each segment includes at least one opposing pair of V-shaped slits oriented to provide flexibility along a first axis.
8. The articulation joint of Claim 7, wherein each segment further includes at least one opposing pair of V-shaped slits oriented to provide flexibility along a second orthogonal axis.
9. The articulation joint of Claim 8, wherein the V-shaped slits each have a closing angle of about 30 degrees.
10. The articulation joint of Claim 6, wherein each segment includes a first end and a second end, wherein the first end has a counter-bored detail adapted to receive a cooperating shape of the second end.
11. The articulation joint of Claim 10, wherein adjacent segments comprise interfacing tangs and notches that connect with one another to form a non-articulating interface.
12. The articulation joint of Claim 1, wherein the articulation joint comprises at least six interconnected adjacent segments.
13. The articulation joint of Claim 1, wherein the plurality of segments are molded.
14. The articulation joint of Claim 13, wherein the plurality of segments are molded from a biocompatible polymeric material.
15. The articulation joint of Claim 1, wherein the articulation joint comprises at least two segments molded from polymeric materials having durometer values .that differ from one another.
16. The articulation joint of Claim 1, wherein the one or more control cables threaded through the at least one cable guide element are tensioned to couple the plurality of adjacent segments together to form the tubular body.
17. An articulation joint for use in a medical device, the articulation joint comprising: a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen, wherein the outer wall includes a plurality of hinge elements therein and a series of slots therethrough; a plurality of annular rings around the circumference of the tubular body at spaced intervals, each annular ring comprising at least one pair of inwardly extending cable guide passages adapted to be inserted into the slots on the tubular body; and at least two cables, wherein each cable is threaded through the plurality of cable guide passages on the annular rings that extend through the slots and into the central lumen.
18. The articulation joint of Claim 17, wherein each annular ring comprises an outer circumference with a first end and a second end having a space therebetween sized to allow the annular ring to be snap-fitted over the tubular body.
19. The articulation joint of Claim 18, wherein the tubular body further comprises a series of circumferential grooves formed in the outer wall, wherein the circumferential grooves are adapted to receive the annular rings.
20. The articulation joint of Claim 17, wherein the tubular body includes at least one opposing pair of V-shaped slits oriented to provide flexibility along a first axis.
21. The articulation joint of Claim 17, wherein the hinge elements comprise a series of opposing pairs of V-shaped slits that are oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubular body.
22. The articulation joint of Claim 21, wherein the tubular body further includes at least one opposing pair of V-shaped slits oriented to provide flexibility along a second orthogonal axis.
23. The articulation joint of Claim 22, wherein a number of the slots on the tubular body are circumferentially disposed between one opposing pair of V-shaped slits oriented to provide flexibility along the first axis and one opposing pair of V-shaped slits oriented to provide flexibility along the second orthogonal axis.
24. The articulation joint of Claim 17, wherein the tubular body is molded.
25. The articulation joint of Claim 24, wherein the tubular body is molded from a biocompatible polymeric material.
26. The articulation joint of Claim 17, wherein the plurality of annular rings are metal.
27. A method of manufacturing an articulation joint for use in a medical device, the method comprising: injection molding a plurality of segments having interconnecting structures, wherein each segment comprises a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen, wherein the outer wall includes at least one hinge element therein and at least one slot therethrough; injection molding a plurality of cable guide elements, wherein each cable guide element comprises a passage adapted to be inserted through selected slots of the segments; interconnecting at least two segments; inserting the cable guide elements through the selected slots in the segments; and threading at least two control cables through the passages on the cable guide elements and tensioning the control cables to form the articulation joint.
28. A method of manufacturing an articulation joint for use in a medical device, the method comprising: injection molding a tubular body comprising a cylinder with an outer wall and a central lumen, wherein the outer wall includes at least one hinge element therein and at least one slot therethrough; forming a plurality of annular rings, wherein each annular ring includes at least one pair of inwardly extending guide passages sized to be received in the slots on the tubular body; fitting one or more annular rings over the tubular body such that the guide passages are fitted through the slots and into the central lumen; and threading at least two cables through the guide passages on the annular rings and tensioning the control cables to form the articulation joint.
29. The method of Claim 28, wherein each annular ring comprises an outer circumference with a first end and a second end having a space therebetween sized to allow the annular ring to be snap-fitted over the tubular body.
30. The method of Claim 29, wherein the plurality of annular rings are metal.
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US9439557B2 (en) 2016-09-13
US20120245418A1 (en) 2012-09-27
US20180325357A1 (en) 2018-11-15
US20070049800A1 (en) 2007-03-01
US8052597B2 (en) 2011-11-08
US20160353971A1 (en) 2016-12-08
US20220053996A1 (en) 2022-02-24
US11191424B2 (en) 2021-12-07

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