WO2006119242A1 - Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof - Google Patents
Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006119242A1 WO2006119242A1 PCT/US2006/016727 US2006016727W WO2006119242A1 WO 2006119242 A1 WO2006119242 A1 WO 2006119242A1 US 2006016727 W US2006016727 W US 2006016727W WO 2006119242 A1 WO2006119242 A1 WO 2006119242A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- retainer
- bone
- bone anchor
- aperture
- bone plate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
- A61B17/8033—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers
- A61B17/8042—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers the additional component being a cover over the screw head
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to bone plates, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a bone plate containing a retention mechanism for retaining one or more bone anchors in the bone plate and preventing the one or more bone anchors from becoming disengaged from said bone plate.
- fixation of boney elements in a patient In particular, in medical procedures related to the spine, fixation of vertebral bodies may be performed as a result of trauma or a variety of spinal pathologies, abnormalities or disorders. In these medical procedures, fixation of the vertebral bodies is typically used to address instabilities in the spine or in relation to spinal fusion of the vertebral bodies. In this regard, fixation of the vertebral bodies provides mechanical stability and/or to reduce stress or movement in a particular area of the spine.
- fixation of boney elements One such device is a bone plate.
- the bone plate In medical procedures related to the spine, the bone plate is fixed to and/or implanted into one or more vertebral bodies using one or more bone anchors. Often with the use of a bone plate, bone graft j material and bone growth proteins are used in combination with implantation or fixation of the bone plate and/or when fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies is desired.
- the bone plate and bone anchors are exposed to various stresses and forces due to the normal motion of the body and the spine of the patient.
- these stresses and forces may cause disengagement of the bone anchors from the bone plate.
- the stresses and forces may cause the bone plate or bone anchors to back out and/or pull away from one or more of the vertebral bodies into which the bone plate and bone anchors were attached. It is particularly undesirable for a bone anchor to pull away from the vertebral body or disengage from the bone plate.
- one design of a retention mechanism includes a cover plate that is separate from the bone anchor and the bone plate.
- the cover plate is an additional plate that is attached over the top of the bone plate to assist in the retention of the bone anchor in the bone plate.
- the cover plate requires an additional step of engaging the cover plate after the bone plate has been implanted or attached to one or more vertebral bodies.
- another design includes retention mechanisms that are based in the bone anchor. Typically, this design includes a feature that is attached or integral with the bone anchor where the feature engages with the bone plate when the bone anchor is inserted in a boney element.
- these bone anchor based retention mechanisms are difficult to manufacture and fabricate, and, as such, increase the costs associated with the manufacturing of the bone anchor.
- even other retention mechanism designs include retention mechanisms that are attached to or integral with the bone plate. In these bone plate based designs, some retention mechanisms require a step of engaging the retention mechanism after a bone anchor has been inserted in the bone plate and/or in a boney element.
- other bone plate based retention mechanisms require specific placement of a portion of the bone anchor before, during or after insertion of the bone anchor in the bone plate or in a boney element.
- the use of inserts or collars in or around the bone anchor is required to retain the bone anchor in the bone plate. Typically, these inserts and collars require the insertion of the bone anchor to be at specifically designed angles or orientation relative to the bone plate.
- a medical implant uses a bone anchor to attach the medical implant to a boney element.
- the medical implant includes a bone plate that has an aperture therethrough. The aperture receives at least a portion of the bone anchor.
- Fig. 1 is a partial three-dimensional top view of one embodiment of a bone plate
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a bone plate, retention mecham ' sm and bone anchor;
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a bone plate, a retention mechanism and bone anchors
- Fig. 4 is a partial three-dimensional top view of another embodiment of a bone plate with a retention mechanism
- Fig. 5 is front view of one embodiment of a retainer
- Fig. 6 is a bottom view of one embodiment of a retainer
- Fig. 7 is a partial three-dimensional top view of another embodiment of a bone plate
- Fig. 8 is a bottom view of another embodiment of a retainer
- Fig. 9 is a partial three-dimensional top view of even another embodiment of a bone plate
- Fig. 11 is a partial three-dimensional top view of yet another embodiment of a bone plate
- Fig. 12 is a partial three-dimensional top view of yet another embodiment of a bone plate
- Fig. 14 is a three-dimensional top view of one embodiment of a key slot.
- a medical implant 10 is provided that is secured to a boney element using a bone anchor 20.
- the boney element can comprise at least one vertebral body of the spinal column.
- the bone anchor 20 can comprise, for example, a screw, a multi-axial screw, a staple or a spike.
- the medical implant 10 includes a bone plate 12 having an aperture 14.
- the aperture 14 comprises a hole or opening that is located through the bone plate 12.
- the bone anchor 20 includes a head 22.
- the bone plate 12 is adapted to hold the head 22 in the aperture 14 without allowing the head 22 to pass completely through the bone plate 12.
- the head 22 also includes a receiving portion 26 that is positioned on a top surface 70 (Fig. 3) of the head 22. It should be appreciated that the receiving portion 26 is adapted and/or shaped to receive a bit from a driver that is used to insert the bone anchor 20 into the bone element. It should further be appreciated that the receiving portion 26, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is a female portion. In another embodiment, the receiving portion 26 can comprise a male portion. As further shown in
- a retention mechanism 30 is coupled to the bone plate 12.
- the retention mechanism 30 includes a retainer 16 and a biasing member 18.
- the retainer 16 has a first end 54 and a second end 56, and the first end 54 is located opposite from the second end 56.
- the first end 54 of the retainer 16 includes a contoured edge 36.
- the second end 56 of the retainer 16 is operatively engaged with the biasing member 18.
- the contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 when the retainer 16 is in the first position A and after the bone anchor 20 has been inserted in the aperture 14, the contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 is positioned adjacent to the engagement portion 40, and, thus, the retainer 16 prevents the bone anchor 20 from backing out of the aperture 14. It should be appreciate that in another embodiment, the contoured edge 36 is in contact or touches the engagement portion 40 of the bone anchor 20 when the retainer 16 is in the first position A. Thus, in this position, the retainer 16 retains the bone anchor 20 in the bone plate 12 and prevents the bone anchor 20 from backing out of the aperture 14.
- the retainer 16 of the retention mechanism 30 is, typically, in the first position A.
- the biasing member 18 holds the retainer 16 in the first position A via a biasing force from the biasing member 18.
- a threaded portion 24 (Fig. 3) of the bone anchor 20 passes through the aperture 14 of the bone plate 12.
- the head 22 of the bone anchor 20 comes into contact with the retainer 16.
- the retainer 16 moves in direction D2, and this movement elastically deforms the biasing member 18.
- the elastic deformation of the biasing member 18 caused by the insertion of the bone anchor 20 into the aperture 14 causes the biasing member 18 to exert a force in the direction of Dl after the widest portion of the bone anchor 20 has been inserted into the aperture 14.
- This force from the biasing member 18 causes the retainer 16 to snap back, return and/or move to the first position A in the direction Dl .
- a portion of the head 22 is positioned below a portion of the retainer 16.
- a portion of the first end 54 of the retainer 16 will cover or be positioned over a portion of the head 22.
- the contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 when the portion of the first end 54 of the retainer 16 is positioned over the head 22 of the bone anchor 20, the contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 is positioned over the engagement portion 40 of the bone anchor 20. This positioning of the contoured edge 36 over the engagement portion 40 of the bone anchor 20 retains the bone anchor 20 in the bone plate 12 preventing back out of the bone anchor 20 from the aperture 14. It should be appreciated that, in one embodiment, the movement of the retainer 16 along line D, and in the directions of Dl and D2, is movement in a linear direction relative to a top surface 70 (Fig. 3) of the bone plate 12. It should be appreciated that the bone anchor 20 can be removed from the aperture 14 of the bone plate 12 after the bone anchor 20 has been inserted and has been retained in the bone plate 12.
- the retainer 16 is moved manually to position B via an instrument or by user. Once the retainer 16 is moved to and held in position B, the bone anchor 20 can be removed from the aperture 14 by, for example, pulling or by unscrewing the bone anchor 20 from the boney element. As such, retention of the bone anchor 20 in the bone plate 12 is reversible by a user.
- the medical implant 10 includes a bone plate 12, a first bone anchor 20 and a second bone anchor 120.
- the bone plate 12 includes a top surface 70 and a bottom surface 72. It should be appreciated that, when implanted in a patient, the bottom surface 72 of the bone plate 12 is located adjacent or abutting the boney element that the first and second bone anchors 20 and 120 are attached. Further, the bone plate 12 includes a first aperture 14 and a second aperture 114.
- the medical instrument 10, shown in Fig. 3 is attached to the boney element using a first bone anchor 20 and a second bone anchor 120. Similar to the description hereinabove, the first bone anchor 20 includes a threaded portion 24 and a head 22, and the second bone anchor 120 also includes a threaded portion
- the retention mechanism 30 is coupled to the bone plate 12.
- the retention mechanism 30 includes a retainer 16 and a biasing portion 18.
- the biasing portion 18 is positioned in seat 44 in bone plate 12 and is also positioned in an opening 32 in the retainer 16.
- the retainer 16 is capable of holding the first bone anchor 20 in the first aperture 14 and also capable of holding the second bone anchor 120 in the second aperture 114.
- the retainer 16 is moveable in the bone plate 12 to at least a first position A, a second position
- the retainer 16 retains the first bone anchor 20 and the second bone anchor 120 in the bone plate 12. Jh the second position B, the retainer 16 allows the first bone anchor 20 to be inserted in the first aperture 14. In the third position C, the retainer 16 allows the second bone anchor 120 to be inserted in the second aperture 114. It should be appreciated that when the first bone anchor 20 and second bone anchor 120 are retained in the bone plate 12, the first bone anchor 20 and the second bone anchor 120 are prevented from backing out of the first and second apertures
- first bone anchor 20 includes an engagement portion 40
- second bone anchor 120 includes an engagement portion 140.
- the first and second contoured edges 36 and 136 of the retainer 16 are positioned adjacent to the engagement portion 40 and engagement portion 140, respectively.
- the retainer 16 retains the first bone anchor 20 and the second bone anchor 120 in the first and second apertures 14 and 114, respectively.
- the first and second contoured edges 36 and 136 are in contact or touch the first engagement portion 40 and the second engagement portion 140, respectively, when the retainer 16 is in the first position A, and, thus, the retainer 16 retains the first and second bone anchor 20 and 120 in the first and second apertures 14 and 114, respectively.
- the retainer 16 of the retention mechanism 30 is, typically, in the first position A.
- the biasing member 18 holds the retainer 16 in the first position A via a biasing force from the biasing member 18.
- a threaded portion 24 of the first bone anchor 20 passes through the first aperture 14 of the bone plate 12.
- the head 22 of the first bone anchor 20 comes into contact with the retainer 16.
- the elastic deformation of the biasing member 18 caused by the insertion of the first bone anchor 20 into the first aperture 14 causes the biasing member 18 to exert a force in the direction of D2 after the widest portion of the first bone anchor 20 has been inserted into the first aperture 14.
- This force from the biasing member 18 causes the retainer 16 to snap back, return and/or move to the first position A.
- a portion of the head 22 is positioned below a portion of the retainer 16.
- a portion of the first contoured end 36 of the retainer 16 will cover or be positioned over a portion of the head 22.
- the first contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 when the portion of the first contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 is positioned over the head 22 of the first bone anchor 20, the first contoured edge 36 of the retainer 16 is positioned over the first engagement portion 40 of the first bone anchor 20. This positioning of the first contoured edge 36 over the first engagement portion 40 of the first bone anchor 20 retains the first bone anchor 20 in the bone plate 12 preventing back out of the first bone anchor 20 from the first aperture 14.
- the second bone anchor 120 With reference to the second bone anchor 120, as the second bone anchor 120 is inserted into the second aperture 114, a threaded portion 124 of the second bone anchor 120 passes through the second aperture 114 of the bone plate 12. Further, as the second bone anchor 120 continues to be inserted into the second aperture 114, the head 122 of the second bone anchor 120 comes into contact with the retainer 16. As the head 122 contacts the retainer 16, the retainer 16 moves in direction D2 and this movement elastically deforms the biasing member 18. The movement of the retainer 16 in the direction D2 is caused by the force of a user inserting the second bone anchor 120 into the second aperture 114.
- the retainer 16 will continue to move in the direction D2 until the retainer 16 is in the third position C. It should be appreciated that the third position C allows the widest portion of the head 122 of the second bone anchor 120 to be inserted into the second aperture 114. After the widest portion of the head 122 has been inserted into the second aperture 114, the biasing member 18 will cause the retainer 16 to snap back and/or move back into the first position A in the direction D2. The elastic deformation of the biasing member 18 caused by the insertion of the second bone anchor 120 into the second aperture 114 causes the biasing member 18 to exert a force in the direction of Dl after the widest portion of the second bone anchor 120 has been inserted into the second aperture 114.
- This force from the biasing member 18 causes the retainer 16 to snap back, return and/or move to the first position A.
- a portion of the head 122 is positioned below a portion of the retainer 16.
- a portion of the second contoured end 136 of the retainer 16 will cover or be positioned over a portion of the head 122.
- This positioning of the second contoured edge 136 over the second engagement portion 140 of the second bone anchor 120 retains the second bone anchor 120 in the bone plate 12 preventing back out of the second bone anchor 120 from the second aperture 114. It should be appreciated that, in one embodiment, the movement of the retainer 16 along line D, and in the directions of Dl and D2, is movement in a linear direction relative to a top surface 70 of the bone plate 12.
- the aperture 14 has an interior portion that extends from a top surface 70 to a bottom surface 72.
- the interior portion can be a cylindrical shape.
- the top surface 70 is oppositely located from the bottom surface 72, and the bottom surface 72 is, typically, located adjacent to the boney element when the medical implant 10 is implanted in a patient.
- the bone anchor 20 includes a head 22 and a threaded portion 24.
- the diameter of the threaded portion 24 is smaller than the diameter of the head 22.
- the aperture 14 is sized to allow the threaded portion 24 to pass through the bone plate while the head 22 is held by the aperture 14 and is not allowed to pass completely through the bone plate 12.
- the aperture 14 is wider at the top surface 70 of the bone plate 12 and narrower at the bottom surface 72 of the bone plate 12.
- the interior portion of the aperture 14 can be tapered from the top surface 70 to the bottom surface 72.
- a retainer 16 includes tabs 34 positioned on side portions of the retainer 16. An opening 32 is positioned in the retainer 16. Also shown in Fig. 6, a bottom of the retainer 16 is provided. In one embodiment, the bottom of the retainer 16 is the portion of the retainer 16 that faces the head 22 of the bone anchor 20 when the bone anchor 20 is inserted in the aperture 14. The bottom of the retainer 16 includes four contacting portions 50 positioned about the opening 32. Each of the contacting portions 50 contains an edge 52. As shown in Fig. 7, in one embodiment, the bone plate 12 includes channels 42, grooves 46, stops 48 and a seat 44 that are positioned between the first and second apertures 14 and 114.
- the grooves 42 are adapted to accept the tabs 34 of the retainer 16. When the retainer 16 moves to and from the various positions, the tabs 34 of the retainer 16 move within the channels 42 of the bone plate 12. Further, the channels 42 also hold the retainer 16 in the bone plate 12. In this regard, the tabs 34 are slidably engaged within the groove 42 such that the grooves 42 capture the tabs
- the biasing member 18 comprises a flexible ring. When placed into position, the retaining member 18 is placed into the seat
- the retention mechanism 30 is coupled to the bone plate 12 by sliding the tabs 34 of the retainer 16 into the channels 42. As mentioned above, as the tabs 34 are engaged into the channels 42, the contacting portions 50 of the retainer 16 slide through the grooves 46 in the bone plate 12. The tabs 34 of the retainer 16 are moved through the channels 42 until the opening 32 of the retainer 16 is positioned over the seat 44. When the opening 32 is positioned over the seat 44, the biasing member 18 is inserted through the opening 32 into the seat 44. As mentioned above, the biasing member 18 is biased against the stops 48 and held into place in the bone plate 12. This position of the retainer 18 corresponds to position A, as shown in Fig. 4.
- the biasing member 18 affects the movement of the retainer 16. If the retainer 16 is moved, the edges 52 of the contacting portions 50 on the retainer 16 will contact the biasing member 18 as the contacting portion 50 moves through the grooves 46. The contact of the edges 52 with the biasing member 18 creates a force from the biasing member 18. This force will cause the biasing member 18 to return the retainer 16 back to the position A (Fig. 4). As such, the retention mechanism 30 is capable of moving in various positions to allow insertion of the bone anchors 20 and 120, and the retainer 16 will return back to position A (Fig. 4) due to forces exerted by the biasing member 18. It should be appreciated that in this movement of the retainer 16 forces from the biasing member 18 does not require any interaction by a user.
- the retainer 16 includes two contacting portions 50 positioned about the opening 32 and on opposite sides thereof.
- the bone plate 12 includes grooves 46 that are positioned to accept the contacting portions 50.
- the coupling and operation of the retention mechanism 30 in this embodiment is similar to that discussed above with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
- the medical implant 10 includes a retention mechanism 30 coupled to the bone plate 12.
- the retention mechanism 30 includes a biasing member 18 that is adapted to engage a first retainer 16 and a second retainer 116.
- the bone plate 12 accepts first and second bone anchors 20 and 120 that are inserted into a first aperture
- the first and second bone anchors 20 and 120 are inserted at different angles with respect to each other and/or with respect to the bone plate 12.
- the first retainer 16 includes a first contoured edge 36 and the second retainer 116 includes a second contoured edge 136.
- the first and second contoured edges 36 and 136 can contact or be placed adjacent to the first and second engagement portions 40 and 140, respectively, to retain the first and second bone anchors 20 and 120, respectively, in the bone plate 12.
- the biasing member 18 holds the first and second retainers 16 and 116 in the first position A and A', respectively, via a biasing force from the biasing member 18.
- the second position B allows the widest portion of the head 22 of the first bone anchor 20 to be inserted into the first aperture 14.
- the biasing member 18 will cause the first retainer 16 to snap back and/or move back into the first position A.
- the elastic deformation of the biasing member 18 caused by the insertion of the first bone anchor 20 into the first aperture 14 causes the biasing member 18 to exert a force in the direction of D2 after the widest portion of the first bone anchor 20 has been inserted into the first aperture 14. This force from the biasing member 18 causes the first retainer 16 to snap back, return and/or move to the first position A in the direction D2.
- the first retainer 16 After the first retainer 16 has moved back to the first position A, a portion of the head 22 is positioned below a portion of the first retainer 16. Further, when the biasing member 18 causes the first retainer 16 to snap back and/or move back to the first position A, a portion the first retainer 16 will cover or be positioned over a portion of the head 22. In one embodiment, when the portion of the first retainer 16 is positioned over the head 22 of the first bone anchor 20, the first contoured edge 36 of the first retainer 16 is positioned over the first engagement portion 40 of the first bone anchor 20. This positioning of the first contoured edge 36 over the first engagement portion 40 of the first bone anchor 20 retains the first bone anchor 20 in the bone plate 12 preventing back out of the first bone anchor 20 from the first aperture 14. It should be appreciated that, in one embodiment, the movement of the first retainer 16 along line D, and in the directions of Dl and D2, is movement in a linear direction relative to a top surface 70 of the bone plate 12.
- the operation of the second retainer 116 is similar to the operation described in reference to the first retainer 16. However, the second retainer 116 is positioned in first position A' and second position B'. In addition, movement along the line D for the second retainer 116 is opposite from the movement of the first retainer 16. In this regard, the second retainer 116 is moved in the direction of D2 to allow the second bone anchor 120 to be inserted into the second aperture 114, and the second retainer 116 will snap back or move in the direction of Dl from the force supplied by the biasing member 18 when the second retainer 116 is moved.
- the bone plate 12 includes a key hole 60 and a slot 58.
- the biasing member 18 is positioned in the slot 58, and the biasing member 18 is retained in the bone plate 12 by the slot 58.
- the first and second retainers 16 and 116 include keyed ends 62 and 162, respectively, that are positioned and held in the key hole 60.
- the bone plate 12 also includes an insertion opening 68. The keyed ends 62 and 162 are placed through the insertion opening 68 such that the first and second retainers 16 and 116 are retained in the bone plate 12. The movement of the first and second retainer 16 and 116 in the bone plate 12 is movement within the key hole 60.
- the biasing member 18 is positioned such that movement of the first and second retainers 16 and 116 in the key hole 60 will elastically deform the biasing member 18. Thus, when moved, the first and second retainers 16 and 116 will be caused to move back to positions A and A', respectively, by a force from the elastically deformed biasing member 18.
- the aperture 14 can be tapered from the top surface 70 to the bottom surface 72. It should also be appreciated the aperture 14
- the 14 of the bone plate 12 can have countersink dimensioning that is complementary to the head 22 of the bone anchor 20 such that a tapered portion 64 (Fig. 13) of the head 22 or the entire head 22 can sit below the top surface 70 (Fig. 3) of the bone plate 12. Further, it should be appreciated that any descriptions of the aperture 14 in the bone plate 12 can extend to all apertures 14 in the bone plate 12 if the bone plate has more than one aperture
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002605704A CA2605704A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-05-01 | Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof |
JP2008509240A JP2008539822A (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-05-01 | Medical implant and method of use thereof |
EP06752046A EP1901670A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-05-01 | Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof |
AU2006242294A AU2006242294A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-05-01 | Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/118,841 | 2005-04-29 | ||
US11/118,841 US7452370B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2005-04-29 | Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006119242A1 true WO2006119242A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
Family
ID=36919844
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2006/016727 WO2006119242A1 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2006-05-01 | Apparatus for retaining a bone anchor in a bone plate and method for use thereof |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7452370B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1901670A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008539822A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2006242294A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2605704A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006119242A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2605704A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
AU2006242294A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
US7452370B2 (en) | 2008-11-18 |
JP2008539822A (en) | 2008-11-20 |
EP1901670A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
US20060247639A1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
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