WO2006110359A3 - Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution - Google Patents
Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006110359A3 WO2006110359A3 PCT/US2006/012187 US2006012187W WO2006110359A3 WO 2006110359 A3 WO2006110359 A3 WO 2006110359A3 US 2006012187 W US2006012187 W US 2006012187W WO 2006110359 A3 WO2006110359 A3 WO 2006110359A3
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- particle size
- size distribution
- unique particle
- sparkle effect
- microns
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
- C09C1/0021—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
- A61K8/0254—Platelets; Flakes
- A61K8/0258—Layered structure
- A61K8/0266—Characterized by the sequence of layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/29—Titanium; Compounds thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q1/00—Make-up preparations; Body powders; Preparations for removing make-up
- A61Q1/02—Preparations containing skin colorants, e.g. pigments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/41—Particular ingredients further characterized by their size
- A61K2800/412—Microsized, i.e. having sizes between 0.1 and 100 microns
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/42—Colour properties
- A61K2800/43—Pigments; Dyes
- A61K2800/436—Interference pigments, e.g. Iridescent, Pearlescent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/60—Particulates further characterized by their structure or composition
- A61K2800/61—Surface treated
- A61K2800/62—Coated
- A61K2800/621—Coated by inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
- A61K2800/60—Particulates further characterized by their structure or composition
- A61K2800/65—Characterized by the composition of the particulate/core
- A61K2800/651—The particulate/core comprising inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
- C09C2200/1004—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core comprising at least one inorganic oxide, e.g. Al2O3, TiO2 or SiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
- C09C2200/102—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/10—Interference pigments characterized by the core material
- C09C2200/1087—Interference pigments characterized by the core material the core consisting of bismuth oxychloride, magnesium fluoride, nitrides, carbides, borides, lead carbonate, barium or calcium sulfate, zinc sulphide, molybdenum disulphide or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
- C09C2200/30—Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle
- C09C2200/307—Thickness of an outermost protective layer
Abstract
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020077025246A KR101297023B1 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
ES06758255T ES2767935T3 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Single particle size distribution glow effect |
EP19197332.0A EP3611230A1 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
EP06758255.1A EP1874873B1 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
JP2008504472A JP2008534753A (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Twinkle effect with unique particle size distribution |
KR1020137016233A KR20130081718A (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
CA2603998A CA2603998C (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US66727605P | 2005-04-01 | 2005-04-01 | |
US60/667,276 | 2005-04-01 | ||
US11/277,897 | 2006-03-29 | ||
US11/277,897 US8088212B2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-29 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2006110359A2 WO2006110359A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
WO2006110359A3 true WO2006110359A3 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
Family
ID=36685889
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/012187 WO2006110359A2 (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2006-03-31 | Sparkle effect of unique particle size distribution |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8088212B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP3611230A1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2008534753A (en) |
KR (2) | KR101297023B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2603998C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2767935T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006110359A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (39)
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JP5584382B2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2014-09-03 | メルク パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Transparent conductive pigment |
CN101404975A (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2009-04-08 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Cosmetic preparation containing flaky glass |
WO2007114442A1 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2007-10-11 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Flaky particle and brightening pigment, and cosmetic preparation, coating composition, resin composition, and ink composition each containing these |
EP2022829B1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2013-06-12 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Bright pigment, method for producing the pigment, and waterborne resin composition containing the pigment |
US8211224B2 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2012-07-03 | Sun Chemical Corp. | Multi-colored lustrous pearlescent pigments and process for making |
US8323396B2 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2012-12-04 | Sun Chemical Corp. | Orange pearlescent pigments |
US8349067B2 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2013-01-08 | Sun Chemical Corp. | Multi-colored lustrous pearlescent pigments |
US8906154B2 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2014-12-09 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Coating, ink, or article comprising multi-colored lustrous pearlescent pigments |
US7850775B2 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2010-12-14 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Multi-colored lustrous pearlescent pigments |
US8221536B2 (en) | 2006-11-09 | 2012-07-17 | Sun Chemical Corp. | Cosmetic comprising multi-colored lustrous pearlescent pigments |
DE602007001237D1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2009-07-16 | Eckart Gmbh | Effect pigments with a substrate of glass flakes |
US9107834B2 (en) * | 2007-04-18 | 2015-08-18 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Bright pigment and cosmetic composition using the same |
WO2008136471A1 (en) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Photoluminescent pigment, and photoluminescent coating composition and automotive outer panel each comprising the same |
WO2009051243A1 (en) * | 2007-10-18 | 2009-04-23 | Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited | Photoluminescent pigment |
EP2093260A1 (en) | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-26 | Eckart GmbH | Effect pigment based on artificially produced substrates with narrow particle size distribution |
EP2123721B1 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2013-11-27 | Eckart GmbH | Pearlescent pigment based on fine, thin substrates |
DE102009031266A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-13 | Eckart Gmbh | Inkjet ink containing pearlescent pigments based on fine and thin substrates |
DE102009037932A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Eckart Gmbh | High gloss multi-layer pearlescent pigments with narrow size distribution and process for their preparation |
DE102009037934A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Eckart Gmbh | High-gloss multilayer pearlescent pigments with colored interference color and narrow size distribution and process for their preparation |
DE102009037935A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Eckart Gmbh | High gloss multi-layer pearlescent pigments with silver interference color and narrow size distribution and process for their preparation |
DE102009037933A1 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-24 | Eckart Gmbh | High gloss multi-layer pearlescent pigments with non-silver interference color and narrow size distribution and process for their preparation |
DE102009049413A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2011-04-21 | Eckart Gmbh | Pearlescent pigments based on fine and thin synthetic substrates |
KR101422968B1 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2014-07-30 | 바스프 에스이 | Pigments with improved sparkling effect |
KR101821431B1 (en) * | 2010-02-04 | 2018-01-23 | 바스프 에스이 | Pigment compositions with improved sparkling effect |
JP5882664B2 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2016-03-09 | 三菱化学株式会社 | Glossy resin composition and decorative sheet |
JP6012626B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-10-25 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Glittering pigment, cosmetics containing it, coating composition and resin composition, and method for producing glittering pigment |
US9320687B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-04-26 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Pigmented skin-care compositions |
US9168393B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-10-27 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Pigmented skin-care compositions |
US9168394B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-10-27 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Pigmented skin-care compositions |
US9168209B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-10-27 | Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc. | Pigmented skin-care compositions |
US8585818B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-11-19 | Basf Se | Coated perlite flakes |
EP2799398B1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2018-05-23 | Merck Patent GmbH | alpha-Alumina flakes |
EP2799397B1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2018-06-20 | Merck Patent GmbH | alpha-Alumina flakes |
KR101583888B1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2016-01-08 | 현대자동차주식회사 | A coating composition with improved sense of sparkle and coating method using it |
KR101827322B1 (en) | 2015-11-11 | 2018-02-09 | 씨큐브 주식회사 | Pearlescent pigment having hollow structure and method of manufacturing the same |
JP6301574B1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-03-28 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Bright pigment, pigment-containing composition, and pigment-containing coated body |
WO2018096936A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Lustrous pigment, pigment-containing composition, and pigment-containing coated article |
TWI782182B (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2022-11-01 | 日商石原產業股份有限公司 | Flaky titanate, method for producing same, and uses thereof |
KR102641528B1 (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2024-02-28 | 씨큐브 주식회사 | Multi color nacreous pigment with improved sparkling effect and manufacturing method thereof |
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JP2002155241A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Bright coating composition, method for forming film and multilayered film |
JP2002155240A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Bright coating composition, method for forming film and multilayered film |
JP2002155243A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Method for forming bright film and coated material |
JP2002155242A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Bright coating composition, method for forming film and multilayered film |
US20040123778A1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-07-01 | Frank Bagala | Effect pigment |
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EP1550550A4 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2008-03-12 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | Articles coated with luminescent film |
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-
2006
- 2006-03-29 US US11/277,897 patent/US8088212B2/en active Active
- 2006-03-31 ES ES06758255T patent/ES2767935T3/en active Active
- 2006-03-31 EP EP19197332.0A patent/EP3611230A1/en active Pending
- 2006-03-31 CA CA2603998A patent/CA2603998C/en active Active
- 2006-03-31 KR KR1020077025246A patent/KR101297023B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-03-31 EP EP06758255.1A patent/EP1874873B1/en active Active
- 2006-03-31 JP JP2008504472A patent/JP2008534753A/en active Pending
- 2006-03-31 WO PCT/US2006/012187 patent/WO2006110359A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-31 KR KR1020137016233A patent/KR20130081718A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2012
- 2012-12-25 JP JP2012281019A patent/JP2013100518A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
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JP2002155241A (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-05-28 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | Bright coating composition, method for forming film and multilayered film |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US8088212B2 (en) | 2012-01-03 |
KR20130081718A (en) | 2013-07-17 |
ES2767935T3 (en) | 2020-06-19 |
CA2603998C (en) | 2014-05-27 |
US20060223910A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
WO2006110359A2 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
KR101297023B1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
KR20070119721A (en) | 2007-12-20 |
JP2008534753A (en) | 2008-08-28 |
EP3611230A1 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
JP2013100518A (en) | 2013-05-23 |
EP1874873A2 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
EP1874873B1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
CA2603998A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
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