WO2006092074A1 - Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties - Google Patents

Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006092074A1
WO2006092074A1 PCT/CH2006/000116 CH2006000116W WO2006092074A1 WO 2006092074 A1 WO2006092074 A1 WO 2006092074A1 CH 2006000116 W CH2006000116 W CH 2006000116W WO 2006092074 A1 WO2006092074 A1 WO 2006092074A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
compound
compounds
cooling properties
carboxamide derivatives
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH2006/000116
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lucienne Cole
Stefan Michael Furrer
Christophe Galopin
Pablo Victor Krawec
Adam Masur
Jay Patrick Slack
Original Assignee
Givaudan Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Givaudan Sa filed Critical Givaudan Sa
Priority to JP2007557307A priority Critical patent/JP2008531606A/en
Priority to CA002597415A priority patent/CA2597415A1/en
Priority to CN200680006684XA priority patent/CN101133030B/en
Priority to US11/884,479 priority patent/US7868004B2/en
Priority to BRPI0607407-3A priority patent/BRPI0607407A2/en
Priority to DE602006017038T priority patent/DE602006017038D1/en
Priority to MX2007010040A priority patent/MX2007010040A/en
Priority to AT06705356T priority patent/ATE482199T1/en
Priority to EP06705356A priority patent/EP1853565B1/en
Publication of WO2006092074A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006092074A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
    • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • A61K8/42—Amides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D263/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D263/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
    • C07D263/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D263/54—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles
    • C07D263/56—Benzoxazoles; Hydrogenated benzoxazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached in position 2
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D277/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings
    • C07D277/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D277/62—Benzothiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
    • C07D295/135—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/20—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of the composition as a whole
    • A61K2800/24—Thermal properties
    • A61K2800/244—Endothermic; Cooling; Cooling sensation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to heterocyclic compounds having cooling properties.
  • Cooling compounds that is, chemical compounds that impart a cooling sensation to the skin or the mucous membranes of the body, are well known to the art and are widely used in a variety of products such as foodstuffs, tobacco products, beverages, dentifrices, mouthwashes and toiletries.
  • the compounds may be easily prepared and isolated by art-recognized methods
  • the compounds of the invention may be used in products that are applied to the mouth or the skin to give a cooling sensation.
  • applying is meant any form of bringing into contact, for example, oral ingestion or, in the case of tobacco products, inhalation.
  • the skin it may be, for example, by including the compound in a cream or salve, or in a sprayable composition.
  • the invention therefore also provides a method of providing a cooling effect to the mouth or skin by applying thereto a product comprising a compound as hereinabove described.
  • the invention also provides a composition that provides a cooling sensation to the skin or oral cavity, comprising a compound as hereinabove defined.
  • the chemicals are mixed in the toothgel, a piece of toothgel is put on a toothbrush and a panelist's teeth are brushed.
  • the mouth is rinsed with water and the water is spit out.
  • An intense cooling sensation is felt by the panelist in all areas of the mouth. The cooling perception lasts for several hours.

Abstract

A compound of the formula (I) in which X and Y are selected as defined in the description. The compounds have cooling properties and are useful in, for example, foodstuffs , dentifrices and cosmetics .

Description

MENTHAKE CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES HAVING COOLING PROPERTIES
This invention relates to heterocyclic compounds having cooling properties.
Cooling compounds, that is, chemical compounds that impart a cooling sensation to the skin or the mucous membranes of the body, are well known to the art and are widely used in a variety of products such as foodstuffs, tobacco products, beverages, dentifrices, mouthwashes and toiletries.
One class of cooling compounds that have enjoyed substantial success consists of N- substituted p-menthane carboxamides. Examples of these compounds are described in, for example, British Patents GB 1,351,761-2 and United States Patent US 4,150,052.
It has now been found that a particular selection of such compounds exhibits a cooling effect that is both surprisingly strong and long-lasting. The invention therefore provides a compound of the formula I
Figure imgf000002_0001
in which X and Y are selected as follows:
(i) X is H and Y is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000002_0002
(ii) X and Y together form a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of -0-CH2- O-, -N=CH-O- and -N=CH-S- thus forming together with the carbon atoms to which the radical is attached a 5-membered ring (. a 1,3-dioxalane ring, a 1,3-oxazole ring or a 1,3-thiazole ring respectively)
Specific examples of compounds of Formula I are shown below:
Figure imgf000003_0001
Figure imgf000003_0002
The compounds may be easily prepared and isolated by art-recognized methods
They are distinguished from similar compounds of the prior art by their surprisingly high cooling effect (up to 100 times higher than that of similar known compounds) and by the longevity of the cooling effect, which adds to their attractiveness in a large variety of products.
For example, a small group of panelists was asked to taste various solutions of cooling compounds and indicate which solutions had a cooling intensity similar or slightly higher than that of a solution of menthol at 2ppm. Results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 experiment on cooling intensity.
Figure imgf000004_0001
From Table 1, it can be seen that the compounds of Formula I are up to 100 times stronger than menthol, the reference cooling compound. Compounds of Formula I are also much stronger and last longer than WS-3, the best cooling compound of the prior art.
The compounds of the invention may be used in products that are applied to the mouth or the skin to give a cooling sensation. By "applying" is meant any form of bringing into contact, for example, oral ingestion or, in the case of tobacco products, inhalation. In the case of application to the skin, it may be, for example, by including the compound in a cream or salve, or in a sprayable composition. The invention therefore also provides a method of providing a cooling effect to the mouth or skin by applying thereto a product comprising a compound as hereinabove described. The invention also provides a composition that provides a cooling sensation to the skin or oral cavity, comprising a compound as hereinabove defined.
The invention is now further described by means of the following non-limiting examples, which describe preferred embodiments.
Example 1
Preparation of N-benzooxazol-4-yl 3-p-menthanecarboxamide
To a flask, were added 0.5 g (3.7 mmol) of benzooxazol-4-ylamine, 0.7 mL of triethylamine and 10 mL of dichloromethane. The mixture is cooled to O0C and 0.71 g of 3-p- menthanecarboxyl chloride were added dropwise over 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. To the reaction mixture, 1OmL of water were added. The mixture was separated. The aqueous layer is washed with EtOAc (3 x 5mL). The combined organic layers were washed with 5mL water. The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 . The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to afford the crude product, which was purified over silica gel to afford 0.46 g of the desired product with the following spectroscopic properties: MS: 300 ([M+]), 133, 97, 83
1H NMR (300 MHz; CDCl3) δ: 8.35 (s, IH), 8.14 (d, IH), 7.68 (d, IH), 7.54 (br. s, IH), 7.18 (dd, IH), 2.25 (t, IH), 1.91 -1.61 (m, 5H), 1.5 -1.23 (m, 2H), 1.17- 0.9 (m, 2H), 0.94 (d, 3H), 0.93 (d, 3H), 0.85 (d, 3H)
Example 2
Preparation of N-benzooxazol-6-yl 3-p-menthanecarboxamide:
A preparation similar to that described in example 1 gives the desired product with the following spectroscopic properties: MS: 300 ([M+]), 133, 97, 83
1H NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD) δ: 8.33 (s, IH), 8.02 (m, 2H), 7.23 (dd, IH), 2.4 (ddd, IH)5 1.88-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.37 (m, IH), 1.0-1.3 (m, 3H), 0.98 (d, 3H), 0.86 (d,3H), 0.82 (d, 3H) Example 3
Preparation of N-benzothiazol-6-yl menthanecarboxamide:
A preparation similar to that described in example 1 gives the desired product with the following spectroscopic properties: MS: 316 ([M+]), 150, 97, 83
1H NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD) δ: 9.12 (s,lH), 8.49 (d, IH), 7.91 (d, IH), 7.54 (d, IH), 2.2 (ddd, IH), 1.88-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.21-1.47 (m, 4H), 0.99 (d, 3H), 0.93 (d, 3H), 0.85 (d, 3H)
Example 4
Preparation of N-4-([l,2,4]triazol-l-yl)-phenyl-3-p-menthanecarboxamide
A preparation similar to that described in example 1 gives the desired product with the following spectroscopic properties: MS: 326 ([M+]), 160, 97, 83
1HNMR (300 MHz; CD3OD) δ: 8.98 (s, IH), 8.07 (s, IH), 7.84 (s, 4H), 2.26 (t, IH), 1.9 - 1.5 (m, 5H), 1.45 -1.3 (m, IH), 1.25-1 (m, 3H), 0.94 (d, 3H), 0.86 (d, 3H), 0.8 (d, 3H)
Example 5
Preparation of N-4-(oxazol-5-yl)-phenyl-3-p~menthanecarboxamide:
A preparation similar to that described in example 1 gives the desired product with the following spectroscopic properties: MS: 326([M+]), 160, 139, 97, 83
1H NMR (300 MHz; CD3OD) δ: 8.19 (s, IH), 7.66 (s, 4H), 7.42 (s, IH), 2.35 (ddd, IH), 1.88-1.54 (m, 5H), 1.4-1.35 (m, IH), 1.0-1.3 (m, 3H), 0.95 (d, 3H), 0.91 (d,3H), 0.84 (d, 3H) Example 6
Preparation of N~3-(oxazol-5-yI)-phenyl-3-p-menthanecarboxamide:
A preparation similar to that described in example 1 gives the desired product with the following spectroscopic properties: MS: 326([M+]), 160, 139, 97, 83
Example 7
Application in mouthwash
Alcohol 95% 177mL
Sorbitol 70% 290 g
Compound of example 1 as a 1% solution in alcohol 1OmL Peppermint oil, Terpeneless 0.300 g
Methyl salicylate 0.640 g
Eucalyptol 0.922 g
Thymol 0.639 g
Benzoic acid 1.500 g
Pluronic F127 5.000 g
Sodium Saccharin 0.600 g
Sodium Citrate 0.300 g
Citric Acid 0.100 g
Water q.s. 1 liter
All the ingredients are mixed. 30 mL of obtained solution is put in the mouth, swished around, gargled and spit out. An intense cooling is felt in every area of the mouth as well as lips. The cooling perception lasts for several hours Example 5
Application in toothpaste
Opaque toothgel 98.000 g Compound of example 6 as a 2% solution in PG 1.500g
Peppermint oil, Terpeneless 0.500g
The chemicals are mixed in the toothgel, a piece of toothgel is put on a toothbrush and a panelist's teeth are brushed. The mouth is rinsed with water and the water is spit out. An intense cooling sensation is felt by the panelist in all areas of the mouth. The cooling perception lasts for several hours.

Claims

Claims:
1. A compound of the formula I
Figure imgf000009_0001
in which X and Y are selected as follows:
(i) X is H and Y is selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000009_0002
(ii) X and Y together form a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of - 0-CH2-O-, -N=CH-O- and -N=CH-S- thus forming together with the carbon atoms to which the radical is attached a 5-membered ring.
2. A method of providing a cooling effect to the mouth or skin by applying thereto a product comprising a compound according to claim 1.
3. A composition that provides a cooling sensation to the skin or oral cavity, comprising a compound according to claim 1.
4. A compound of formula I, selected from the group consisting of
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
PCT/CH2006/000116 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties WO2006092074A1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2007557307A JP2008531606A (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Heterocyclic compounds
CA002597415A CA2597415A1 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties
CN200680006684XA CN101133030B (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties
US11/884,479 US7868004B2 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties
BRPI0607407-3A BRPI0607407A2 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 carboxamide menthane derivatives having refreshing properties
DE602006017038T DE602006017038D1 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 MENTHANCARBOXYL ACID AMID DERIVATIVES WITH COOLING CHARACTERISTICS
MX2007010040A MX2007010040A (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties.
AT06705356T ATE482199T1 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 MENTHANE CARBONIC ACID AMIDE DERIVATIVES WITH COOLING PROPERTIES
EP06705356A EP1853565B1 (en) 2005-03-01 2006-02-23 Menthane carboxamide derivatives having cooling properties

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65756205P 2005-03-01 2005-03-01
US60/657,562 2005-03-01

Publications (1)

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WO2006092074A1 true WO2006092074A1 (en) 2006-09-08

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US (1) US7868004B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1853565B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2008531606A (en)
KR (1) KR20070107083A (en)
CN (1) CN101133030B (en)
AT (1) ATE482199T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0607407A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2597415A1 (en)
DE (1) DE602006017038D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2352563T3 (en)
MX (1) MX2007010040A (en)
WO (1) WO2006092074A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007048265A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2007-05-03 Givaudan Sa Organic compounds
USRE44339E1 (en) 2003-11-21 2013-07-02 Givaudan S.A. N-substituted P-menthane carboxamides
WO2012120099A3 (en) * 2011-03-08 2013-08-01 B.R.A.I.N. Biotechnology Research And Information Network Ag Small molecule modulators of the cold and menthol receptor trpm8
US10299999B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2019-05-28 Givaudan S.A. Flavour composition comprising menthol and menthane carboxamides

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CN101583287A (en) * 2006-12-20 2009-11-18 奇华顿荷兰服务有限责任公司 N-substituted-p-menthane-3-carboxamide and uses thereof
WO2009076792A1 (en) * 2007-12-19 2009-06-25 Givaudan Sa Cooling compounds
WO2009089641A1 (en) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Givaudan Sa Benzimidazole derivatives and their use as cooling agents
GB0902849D0 (en) * 2009-02-19 2009-04-08 Givaudan Sa Organic compounds
CA2946383A1 (en) 2014-04-23 2016-03-10 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions for deposition on biological surfaces

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WO2005002582A2 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-13 Genentech, Inc. Trp-p8 active compounds and therapeutic treatment methods
WO2005020897A2 (en) * 2003-08-22 2005-03-10 Dendreon Corporation Compositions and methods for the treatment of disease associated with trp-p8 expression

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EP1685093B3 (en) 2003-11-21 2012-04-11 Givaudan SA N-substituted p-menthane carboxamide and use of n-substituted p-menthane carboxamides
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GB1351761A (en) * 1971-02-04 1974-05-01 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Substituted p-menthane carboxamides and compositions containing them
WO2005002582A2 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-13 Genentech, Inc. Trp-p8 active compounds and therapeutic treatment methods
WO2005020897A2 (en) * 2003-08-22 2005-03-10 Dendreon Corporation Compositions and methods for the treatment of disease associated with trp-p8 expression

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE44339E1 (en) 2003-11-21 2013-07-02 Givaudan S.A. N-substituted P-menthane carboxamides
WO2007048265A1 (en) * 2005-10-25 2007-05-03 Givaudan Sa Organic compounds
US8263046B2 (en) 2005-10-25 2012-09-11 Givaudan S.A. N-phenyl-N-pyridinyl-benzamides and benzenesulfonomides having cooling properties
US10299999B2 (en) 2011-02-23 2019-05-28 Givaudan S.A. Flavour composition comprising menthol and menthane carboxamides
WO2012120099A3 (en) * 2011-03-08 2013-08-01 B.R.A.I.N. Biotechnology Research And Information Network Ag Small molecule modulators of the cold and menthol receptor trpm8
US9585865B2 (en) 2011-03-08 2017-03-07 B.R.A.I.N. Biotechnology Research And Information Network Ag Small molecule modulators of the cold and menthol receptor TRPM8

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DE602006017038D1 (en) 2010-11-04
CA2597415A1 (en) 2006-09-08
US7868004B2 (en) 2011-01-11
KR20070107083A (en) 2007-11-06
CN101133030A (en) 2008-02-27
EP1853565B1 (en) 2010-09-22
MX2007010040A (en) 2007-09-21
US20080305051A1 (en) 2008-12-11
BRPI0607407A2 (en) 2009-09-01
CN101133030B (en) 2010-07-28
EP1853565A1 (en) 2007-11-14
ATE482199T1 (en) 2010-10-15
JP2008531606A (en) 2008-08-14
ES2352563T3 (en) 2011-02-21

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