WO2006059017A1 - Battery coupler - Google Patents

Battery coupler Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006059017A1
WO2006059017A1 PCT/FR2005/003015 FR2005003015W WO2006059017A1 WO 2006059017 A1 WO2006059017 A1 WO 2006059017A1 FR 2005003015 W FR2005003015 W FR 2005003015W WO 2006059017 A1 WO2006059017 A1 WO 2006059017A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microcontroller
main battery
battery
coupler
voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2005/003015
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Paul Siaudeau
Original Assignee
Jean-Paul Siaudeau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jean-Paul Siaudeau filed Critical Jean-Paul Siaudeau
Publication of WO2006059017A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006059017A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coupler intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery and on the other hand to an auxiliary battery and to manage the charging and discharging of these two batteries.
  • auxiliary battery The charging of this auxiliary battery is generally done by means of power diode coupling systems or electromagnetic relay controlled voltage threshold. These systems work by "brutally" coupling the auxiliary battery in parallel with the main battery. A disadvantage of these systems is the presence of strong current spikes at the moment of coupling. In addition, they do not control the intensity of the current charging the auxiliary battery and therefore do not optimize the load based on the available current. However, if the original charging system arrives without problem to recharge the main battery, it does not always have enough power reserve to also recharge an additional battery and power accessories added.
  • the use of conventional systems described above can therefore cause operating problems, such as a poorly recharged auxiliary battery, or even a main battery that discharges during use of the vehicle with, ultimately, the impossibility of returning run the engine after a stop.
  • the present invention relates to a coupler intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery and on the other hand to an auxiliary battery, which avoids at least some of the aforementioned disadvantages and which allows to manage the charging and discharging of these two batteries without generating strong current peaks at the moment of coupling and optimizing the charge of the auxiliary battery according to the maximum current available.
  • the subject of the invention is a coupler intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery and on the other hand to a battery auxiliary, said main battery being adapted to be connected to a recharging device, said coupler comprising a control element disposed between said main battery and said auxiliary battery, adapted to allow or block the flow of a charge current between said batteries , comprising a microcontroller adapted, from the voltage at the terminals of said main battery and the voltage at the terminals of said auxiliary battery, to continuously control said control element to define the intensity and direction of said charging current, characterized in that said microcontroller carries out a cycle and determines a cyclic ratio of conduction time of said control element, said duty cycle being a function of said charging current defined by said microcontroller.
  • said microcontroller continuously changes said duty cycle.
  • said microcontroller is able to memorize a start of charge voltage threshold, so that when said main battery is being charged by said recharging device, said microcontroller is able to control said element control device for enabling said auxiliary battery to be recharged from said main battery when the voltage across said main battery exceeds said start of charge voltage threshold.
  • said microcontroller is able to memorize a minimum voltage threshold, so that when said main battery is being charged by said recharging device, said microcontroller is able to control said control element so that when said main battery charges said auxiliary battery, the voltage at the terminals of said main battery is always greater than said minimum voltage threshold.
  • said microcontroller is capable of storing a maximum charging current of said auxiliary battery, said microcontroller being able to control said control element so that said charging current is less than said maximum charging current.
  • said microcontroller activates said element of control to enable a maintenance current of said auxiliary battery to said main battery.
  • said microcontroller is able to store a maximum maintenance current of said main battery, said microcontroller being able to control said control element so that said maintenance current is less than said maximum maintenance current.
  • said coupler when said coupler is at a standstill, said coupler consumes less than 50 ⁇ A.
  • the invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent in the following detailed explanatory description of an embodiment of the invention given as a purely illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawing whose single figure is a schematic view of the coupler according to one embodiment of the invention, showing the coupler, the main battery and the auxiliary battery.
  • the coupler 1 comprises a microcontroller 2 and a control element 3.
  • the coupler 1 is disposed between a main battery B1 and an auxiliary battery B2.
  • a recharging device for example an alternator (not shown), is connected to the terminals of the main battery B1. Electrical devices (not shown) are connected to the terminals of the auxiliary battery B2.
  • the control element 3 is connected on the one hand to the main battery B1 and on the other hand to the secondary battery B2.
  • the control element 3 essentially comprises a MOS transistor with its parasitic diode in parallel, so that the source of the transistor is connected to the auxiliary battery B2 and the drain of the transistor is connected to the main battery B1.
  • the gate of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller 2, so that the microcontroller 2 is able to control the control element 3, in a manner to be described in detail below.
  • the control element 3 is able to allow a charge current of the main battery B1 to the auxiliary battery B2 and a charging current of the auxiliary battery B2 to the main battery B1, as required, as will be described in detail further.
  • the element of control 3 is able to continuously measure the current flowing through it and to transmit the value of this current to the microcontroller 2.
  • the microcontroller 2 receives information relating to the variables of the system using measurement circuits connected to inputs of the microcontroller.
  • the measurement circuit 4 makes it possible to know the value of the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1
  • the measurement circuit 5 makes it possible to know the value of the voltage at the terminals of the auxiliary battery B2.
  • These data are known in real time by the microcontroller 2.
  • the microcontroller 2 controls the control element 3 in order to adjust the intensity and direction of the current, between the main battery B1 and the auxiliary battery B2 .
  • the microcontroller 2 continuously determines the duty cycle ratio of the control element 3.
  • the duty cycle corresponds to the conduction time of the control element 3 on a cycle whose duration is determined by the microcontroller 2.
  • the microcontroller 2 may for example bypass its parasitic diode. The microcontroller 2 also monitors the temperature inside its case and decreases the charge current in the event of a temperature level that is too high.
  • the voltage threshold U1 corresponds to the minimum voltage across the main battery B1 when the charging device is stopped. This voltage corresponds for example to a sufficient available capacity to ensure the starting of an engine.
  • the start threshold U2 corresponds to the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 for which the coupler 1 is activated.
  • the validation voltage threshold U3 corresponds to the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 from which the recharging device charges the auxiliary battery B2.
  • the voltage threshold U4 corresponds to the minimum voltage across the main battery B1 when it charges the auxiliary battery B2.
  • the coupler 1 has two circuits, connected to two outputs, to communicate with the electrical equipment of the vehicle.
  • This circuit 7 can, for example, drive a power module (not shown) for physically disconnecting the consumers, that is to say the electrical appliances, the auxiliary battery B2.
  • This power circuit 7 can also serve as information to a power management system (not shown).
  • An information circuit 8 connected to an information output 8a, makes it possible to indicate whether a recharge of the auxiliary battery B2 or a recharge of the main battery B1 is in progress as well as a charging defect, for example a battery problem or overheating of the coupler 1.
  • the coupler 1 When the coupler 1 is at a standstill, its consumption is, for example, less than 50 ⁇ A. When the coupler 1 is in standby, its consumption is for example less than 10mA.
  • the maximum current managed is between 50A and 100A. To increase the load currents, several couplers 1 can be connected in parallel.
  • coupler 1 The operation of coupler 1 will now be described. Initially, it is considered that the recharging device is stopped and that electrical devices are in operation.
  • the main battery B1 and the auxiliary battery B2 can be connected in parallel.
  • the coupler 1 makes the two batteries B1 and B2 independent of each other and only the auxiliary battery B2 continues to discharge, depending on the power of the electrical appliances. At this time, the coupler 1 goes off and does not consume more than 50 ⁇ A. Note that the auxiliary battery B2 can discharge to its critical low threshold, without altering the capacity of the main battery B 1.
  • the charging device works.
  • the coupler 1 activates and remains activated even if the voltage at the terminals of the main battery Bl falls back punctually below the start threshold U2.
  • the charging device discharges only into the main battery B.
  • the coupler 1 allows the current to also recharge the auxiliary battery B2.
  • the microcontroller 2 controls the control element 3 with a low duty cycle.
  • a current is established between the main battery B1 and the auxiliary battery B2. This current is measured by the control element 3 and its value is interpreted by the microcontroller 2.
  • the duty cycle increases progressively until the current reaches a preprogrammed maximum authorized load value. Once this value is reached, the duty cycle will be regulated to regulate the current. It will be noted that the main battery B1 is recharged in priority with respect to the auxiliary battery B2.
  • the charging device operates, that is to say that the batteries are charging, and that electrical devices are connected, which corresponds to a standard case of a vehicle in operation. If the voltage of the main battery B1 decreases to the voltage threshold U4, for example in the case of the start-up of an electrical appliance not accounted for in the calculation of the nominal power, the charge current of the main battery Bl to the auxiliary battery B2 is decreased so that the voltage of the main battery B1 remains above the voltage threshold U4. As soon as the voltage across the main battery Bl rises, the charging current increases to return to its maximum allowed value.
  • the coupler 1 will come to a standstill.
  • the coupler 1 will also reactivate.
  • the coupler 1 activates the control element 3 to allow a charging current of the auxiliary battery B2 to the main battery B1 and thus ensure a charge of maintenance to main battery Bl.
  • the maximum value of this maintenance charging current is also pre-programmed.
  • the main purpose of the coupler 1 is to preserve the main battery Bl to ensure the starting of the engine independently of the electrical devices connected to the system, while optimizing the recharge of the auxiliary battery B2.

Abstract

The invention concerns a coupler (1) designed to be connected to a main battery (B1) and to an auxiliary battery (B2), said main battery (B1) capable of being connected to a recharging device, said coupler (1) comprising a control element (3) arranged between said main battery (B1) and said auxiliary battery (B2), capable of allowing or preventing the flow of a charging current between said batteries (B1 and B2), said coupler (1) including a microcontroller (2) capable, based on the voltage at the terminals of said main battery (B1) and on the voltage at the terminals of said auxiliary battery (B2), of permanently controlling said control element (3) to define the intensity and the direction of said charging current. Said microcontroller (2) performs a cycle and determines a cyclic ratio of conduction time of said control element (3), said cyclic ratio being based on said charging current defined by the microcontroller.

Description

COUPLEUR DE BATTERIESCOUPLER OF BATTERIES
La présente invention se rapporte à un coupleur destiné à être relié d'une part à une batterie principale et d'autre part à une batterie auxiliaire et permettant de gérer la charge et la décharge de ces deux batteries.The present invention relates to a coupler intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery and on the other hand to an auxiliary battery and to manage the charging and discharging of these two batteries.
La plupart des engins autonomes sur terre et sur mer possèdent une batterie principale, ou batterie de démarrage, servant à démarrer un moteur thermique et à alimenter les circuits électriques d'origine. Du fait de l'augmentation importante des accessoires électriques rajoutés dans ces matériels, l'utilisation d'une batterie auxiliaire s'est généralisée.Most self-contained gears on land and at sea have a main battery, or starter battery, for starting a heat engine and supplying the original electrical circuits. Due to the significant increase of the electrical accessories added in these materials, the use of an auxiliary battery became generalized.
La recharge de cette batterie auxiliaire s'effectue généralement grâce à des systèmes de couplage à diode de puissance ou à relais électromagnétiques pilotés sur seuil de tension. Ces systèmes fonctionnent en couplant « brutalement » la batterie auxiliaire en parallèle sur la batterie principale. Un inconvénient de ces systèmes est la présence de fortes pointes de courant au moment du couplage. De plus, ils ne permettent pas de contrôler l'intensité du courant assurant la charge de la batterie auxiliaire et ne permettent donc pas d'optimiser la charge en fonction du courant disponible. Or, si le système de recharge d'origine arrive sans problème à recharger la batterie principale, il ne dispose pas toujours d'une réserve de puissance suffisante pour recharger également une batterie supplémentaire et alimenter les accessoires rajoutés. L'utilisation des systèmes conventionnels décrits ci-dessus peut donc entraîner des problèmes de fonctionnement, tels qu'une batterie auxiliaire mal rechargée, voire une batterie principale qui se décharge durant l'utilisation du véhicule avec, à terme, l'impossibilité de remettre en route le moteur après un arrêt. La présente invention a pour objet un coupleur destiné à être relié d'une part à une batterie principale et d'autre part à une batterie auxiliaire, qui évite au moins certains des inconvénients précités et qui permette de gérer la charge et la décharge de ces deux batteries sans générer de fortes pointes de courant au moment du couplage et en optimisant la charge de la batterie auxiliaire en fonction du courant maximal disponible.The charging of this auxiliary battery is generally done by means of power diode coupling systems or electromagnetic relay controlled voltage threshold. These systems work by "brutally" coupling the auxiliary battery in parallel with the main battery. A disadvantage of these systems is the presence of strong current spikes at the moment of coupling. In addition, they do not control the intensity of the current charging the auxiliary battery and therefore do not optimize the load based on the available current. However, if the original charging system arrives without problem to recharge the main battery, it does not always have enough power reserve to also recharge an additional battery and power accessories added. The use of conventional systems described above can therefore cause operating problems, such as a poorly recharged auxiliary battery, or even a main battery that discharges during use of the vehicle with, ultimately, the impossibility of returning run the engine after a stop. The present invention relates to a coupler intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery and on the other hand to an auxiliary battery, which avoids at least some of the aforementioned disadvantages and which allows to manage the charging and discharging of these two batteries without generating strong current peaks at the moment of coupling and optimizing the charge of the auxiliary battery according to the maximum current available.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un coupleur destiné à être relié d'une part à une batterie principale et d'autre part à une batterie auxiliaire, ladite batterie principale étant apte à être reliée à un dispositif de recharge, ledit coupleur comportant un élément de contrôle disposé entre ladite batterie principale et ladite batterie auxiliaire, apte à permettre ou à bloquer la circulation d'un courant de charge entre lesdites batteries, comportant un microcontrôleur apte, à partir de la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale et de la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie auxiliaire, à commander en permanence ledit élément de contrôle pour définir l'intensité et le sens dudit courant de charge, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur réalise un cycle et détermine un rapport cyclique de temps de conduction dudit élément de contrôle, ledit rapport cyclique étant fonction dudit courant de charge défini par ledit microcontrôleur.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a coupler intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery and on the other hand to a battery auxiliary, said main battery being adapted to be connected to a recharging device, said coupler comprising a control element disposed between said main battery and said auxiliary battery, adapted to allow or block the flow of a charge current between said batteries , comprising a microcontroller adapted, from the voltage at the terminals of said main battery and the voltage at the terminals of said auxiliary battery, to continuously control said control element to define the intensity and direction of said charging current, characterized in that said microcontroller carries out a cycle and determines a cyclic ratio of conduction time of said control element, said duty cycle being a function of said charging current defined by said microcontroller.
De préférence, ledit microcontrôleur fait évoluer ledit rapport cyclique de manière continue. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit microcontrôleur est apte à mémoriser un seuil de tension de début de charge, de manière que lorsque ladite batterie principale est en cours de charge par ledit dispositif de recharge, ledit microcontrôleur est apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle pour permettre la recharge de ladite batterie auxiliaire à partir de ladite batterie principale lorsque la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale dépasse ledit seuil de tension de début de charge.Preferably, said microcontroller continuously changes said duty cycle. According to another characteristic of the invention, said microcontroller is able to memorize a start of charge voltage threshold, so that when said main battery is being charged by said recharging device, said microcontroller is able to control said element control device for enabling said auxiliary battery to be recharged from said main battery when the voltage across said main battery exceeds said start of charge voltage threshold.
Avantageusement, ledit microcontrôleur est apte à mémoriser un seuil de tension minimale, de manière que lorsque ladite batterie principale est en cours de charge par ledit dispositif de recharge, ledit microcontrôleur est apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle de manière que lorsque ladite batterie principale charge ladite batterie auxiliaire, la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale soit toujours supérieure audit seuil de tension minimale. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit microcontrôleur est apte à mémoriser un courant maximal de charge de ladite batterie auxiliaire, ledit microcontrôleur étant apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle de manière que ledit courant de charge soit inférieur audit courant de charge maximal. Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, lorsque la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie auxiliaire est supérieure à la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale, ledit microcontrôleur active ledit élément de contrôle pour permettre un courant d'entretien de ladite batterie auxiliaire vers ladite batterie principale.Advantageously, said microcontroller is able to memorize a minimum voltage threshold, so that when said main battery is being charged by said recharging device, said microcontroller is able to control said control element so that when said main battery charges said auxiliary battery, the voltage at the terminals of said main battery is always greater than said minimum voltage threshold. According to another characteristic of the invention, said microcontroller is capable of storing a maximum charging current of said auxiliary battery, said microcontroller being able to control said control element so that said charging current is less than said maximum charging current. According to another characteristic of the invention, when the voltage at the terminals of said auxiliary battery is greater than the voltage at the terminals of said main battery, said microcontroller activates said element of control to enable a maintenance current of said auxiliary battery to said main battery.
Avantageusement, ledit microcontrôleur est apte à mémoriser un courant maximal d'entretien de ladite batterie principale, ledit microcontrôleur étant apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle de manière que ledit courant d'entretien soit inférieur audit courant d'entretien maximal.Advantageously, said microcontroller is able to store a maximum maintenance current of said main battery, said microcontroller being able to control said control element so that said maintenance current is less than said maximum maintenance current.
De préférence, lorsque ledit coupleur est à l'arrêt, ledit coupleur consomme moins de 50μA. L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtrons plus clairement au cours de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre, d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention donné à titre d'exemple purement illustratif et non limitatif, en référence au dessin annexé dont la figure unique est une vue schématique du coupleur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, montrant le coupleur, la batterie principale et la batterie auxiliaire.Preferably, when said coupler is at a standstill, said coupler consumes less than 50 μA. The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent in the following detailed explanatory description of an embodiment of the invention given as a purely illustrative and non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawing whose single figure is a schematic view of the coupler according to one embodiment of the invention, showing the coupler, the main battery and the auxiliary battery.
En se référant au dessin, on voit un coupleur 1. Le coupleur 1 comporte un microcontrôleur 2 et un élément de contrôle 3. Le coupleur 1 est disposé entre une batterie principale Bl et une batterie auxiliaire B2.Referring to the drawing, we see a coupler 1. The coupler 1 comprises a microcontroller 2 and a control element 3. The coupler 1 is disposed between a main battery B1 and an auxiliary battery B2.
Un dispositif de recharge, par exemple un alternateur (non représenté), est connecté aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl. Des appareils électriques (non représentés) sont connectés aux bornes de la batterie auxiliaire B2.A recharging device, for example an alternator (not shown), is connected to the terminals of the main battery B1. Electrical devices (not shown) are connected to the terminals of the auxiliary battery B2.
L'élément de contrôle 3 est connecté d'une part à la batterie principale Bl et d'autre part à la batterie secondaire B2. L'élément de contrôle 3 comporte essentiellement un transistor MOS avec sa diode parasite en parallèle, de manière que la source du transistor soit reliée à la batterie auxiliaire B2 et que le drain du transistor soit relié à la batterie principale Bl. La grille du transistor est reliée au microcontrôleur 2, de manière que le microcontrôleur 2 soit apte à contrôler l'élément de contrôle 3, d'une manière qui sera décrite en détail plus loin. L'élément de contrôle 3 est apte à permettre un courant de charge de la batterie principale Bl vers la batterie auxiliaire B2 et un courant de recharge de la batterie auxiliaire B2 vers la batterie principale Bl, en fonction des besoins, comme cela sera décrit en détail plus loin. L'élément de contrôle 3 est apte à mesurer en permanence le courant qui le traverse et à transmettre la valeur de ce courant au microcontrôleur 2.The control element 3 is connected on the one hand to the main battery B1 and on the other hand to the secondary battery B2. The control element 3 essentially comprises a MOS transistor with its parasitic diode in parallel, so that the source of the transistor is connected to the auxiliary battery B2 and the drain of the transistor is connected to the main battery B1. The gate of the transistor is connected to the microcontroller 2, so that the microcontroller 2 is able to control the control element 3, in a manner to be described in detail below. The control element 3 is able to allow a charge current of the main battery B1 to the auxiliary battery B2 and a charging current of the auxiliary battery B2 to the main battery B1, as required, as will be described in detail further. The element of control 3 is able to continuously measure the current flowing through it and to transmit the value of this current to the microcontroller 2.
Le microcontrôleur 2 reçoit des informations relatives aux variables du système à l'aide de circuits de mesure connectés sur des entrées du microcontrôleur. Par exemple, le circuit de mesure 4 permet de connaître la valeur de la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl et le circuit de mesure 5 permet de connaître la valeur de la tension aux bornes de la batterie auxiliaire B2. Ces données sont connues en temps réel par le microcontrôleur 2. A partir de ces données, le microcontrôleur 2 contrôle l'élément de contrôle 3 afin de régler l'intensité et le sens du courant, entre la batterie principale Bl et la batterie auxiliaire B2. Pour cela, le microcontrôleur 2 détermine en permanence le rapport cyclique de temps de conduction de l'élément de contrôle 3. Le rapport cyclique correspond au temps de conduction de l'élément de contrôle 3 sur un cycle dont la durée est déterminée par le microcontrôleur 2. Cela permet, en particulier lorsque l'écart entre les tensions aux bornes des batteries principale Bl et auxiliaire B2 est important, de limiter le courant de charge. Puis, lorsque l'écart entre ces tensions diminue, le courant est moins important et le temps de conduction peut être augmenté. Pour rendre l'élément de contrôle 3 conducteur, le microcontrôleur 2 peut par exemple court-circuiter sa diode parasite. Le microcontrôleur 2 surveille également la température à l'intérieur de son boîtier et diminue le courant de charge en cas de niveau de température trop élevée.The microcontroller 2 receives information relating to the variables of the system using measurement circuits connected to inputs of the microcontroller. For example, the measurement circuit 4 makes it possible to know the value of the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 and the measurement circuit 5 makes it possible to know the value of the voltage at the terminals of the auxiliary battery B2. These data are known in real time by the microcontroller 2. From these data, the microcontroller 2 controls the control element 3 in order to adjust the intensity and direction of the current, between the main battery B1 and the auxiliary battery B2 . For this, the microcontroller 2 continuously determines the duty cycle ratio of the control element 3. The duty cycle corresponds to the conduction time of the control element 3 on a cycle whose duration is determined by the microcontroller 2. This makes it possible, particularly when the difference between the voltages at the terminals of the main battery B1 and auxiliary battery B2 is large, to limit the charging current. Then, when the gap between these voltages decreases, the current is less important and the conduction time can be increased. To make the control element 3 conductive, the microcontroller 2 may for example bypass its parasitic diode. The microcontroller 2 also monitors the temperature inside its case and decreases the charge current in the event of a temperature level that is too high.
Plusieurs valeurs de tension sont préprogrammées dans le microcontrôleur 2. Le seuil de tension Ul correspond à la tension minimale aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl lorsque le dispositif de recharge est arrêté. Cette tension correspond par exemple à une capacité disponible suffisante pour assurer le démarrage d'un moteur. Le seuil de démarrage U2 correspond à la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl pour laquelle le coupleur 1 s'active. Le seuil de tension de validation U3 correspond à la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl à partir de laquelle le dispositif de recharge charge la batterie auxiliaire B2. Le seuil de tension U4 correspond à la tension minimale aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl lorsqu'elle charge la batterie auxiliaire B2.Several voltage values are preprogrammed in the microcontroller 2. The voltage threshold U1 corresponds to the minimum voltage across the main battery B1 when the charging device is stopped. This voltage corresponds for example to a sufficient available capacity to ensure the starting of an engine. The start threshold U2 corresponds to the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 for which the coupler 1 is activated. The validation voltage threshold U3 corresponds to the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 from which the recharging device charges the auxiliary battery B2. The voltage threshold U4 corresponds to the minimum voltage across the main battery B1 when it charges the auxiliary battery B2.
Un circuit d'activation 6, connecté au circuit de mesure 4, permet l'activation du coupleur 1 lorsque la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale atteint le seuil U2. Le coupleur 1 dispose de deux circuits, connectés à deux sorties, pour communiquer avec l'équipement électrique du véhicule.An activation circuit 6, connected to the measuring circuit 4, allows the activation of the coupler 1 when the voltage across the main battery reaches the threshold U2. The coupler 1 has two circuits, connected to two outputs, to communicate with the electrical equipment of the vehicle.
Un circuit de puissance 7, connecté à une sortie de puissance 7a, permet d'activer la sortie 7a lorsque la tension aux bornes de la batterie auxiliaire B2 est supérieure à un seuil bas critique en dessous duquel elle risquerait d'être détériorée. Ce circuit 7 peut, par exemple, piloter un module de puissance (non représenté) permettant de déconnecter physiquement les consommateurs, c'est-à-dire les appareils électriques, de la batterie auxiliaire B2. Ce circuit de puissance 7 peut également servir d'information à un système de gestion d'énergie (non représenté).A power circuit 7, connected to a power output 7a, activates the output 7a when the voltage across the auxiliary battery B2 is greater than a critical low threshold below which it might be damaged. This circuit 7 can, for example, drive a power module (not shown) for physically disconnecting the consumers, that is to say the electrical appliances, the auxiliary battery B2. This power circuit 7 can also serve as information to a power management system (not shown).
Un circuit d'information 8, connecté à une sortie d'information 8a, permet d'indiquer si une recharge de la batterie auxiliaire B2 ou une recharge de la batterie principale Bl est en cours ainsi qu'un défaut de recharge, par exemple un problème de batterie ou une surchauffe du coupleur 1.An information circuit 8, connected to an information output 8a, makes it possible to indicate whether a recharge of the auxiliary battery B2 or a recharge of the main battery B1 is in progress as well as a charging defect, for example a battery problem or overheating of the coupler 1.
Lorsque le coupleur 1 est à l'arrêt, sa consommation est par exemple inférieure à 50μA. Lorsque le coupleur 1 est en veille, sa consommation est par exemple inférieure à 10mA. Le courant maximal géré est compris entre 50A et 100A. Pour augmenter les courants de charge, plusieurs coupleurs 1 peuvent être mis en parallèle.When the coupler 1 is at a standstill, its consumption is, for example, less than 50 μA. When the coupler 1 is in standby, its consumption is for example less than 10mA. The maximum current managed is between 50A and 100A. To increase the load currents, several couplers 1 can be connected in parallel.
On va maintenant décrire le fonctionnement du coupleur 1. Dans un premier temps, on considère que le dispositif de recharge est arrêté et que des appareils électriques sont en fonctionnement.The operation of coupler 1 will now be described. Initially, it is considered that the recharging device is stopped and that electrical devices are in operation.
Lorsque la batterie principale Bl est suffisamment chargée, de manière que la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl soit supérieure au seuil de tension Ul, la batterie principale Bl et la batterie auxiliaire B2 peuvent être montées en parallèle.When the main battery B1 is sufficiently charged, so that the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 is greater than the voltage threshold U1, the main battery B1 and the auxiliary battery B2 can be connected in parallel.
Lorsque la batterie principale Bl se décharge et que la tension à ses bornes passe en dessous du seuil Ul, le coupleur 1 rend les deux batteries Bl et B2 indépendantes l'une de l'autre et seule la batterie auxiliaire B2 continue de se décharger, en fonction de la puissance des appareils électriques. A ce moment, le coupleur 1 se met à l'arrêt et ne consomme pas plus de 50μA. On notera que la batterie auxiliaire B2 peut se décharger jusqu'à son seuil bas critique, sans altérer la capacité de la batterie principale B 1.When the main battery B1 discharges and the voltage at its terminals passes below the threshold U1, the coupler 1 makes the two batteries B1 and B2 independent of each other and only the auxiliary battery B2 continues to discharge, depending on the power of the electrical appliances. At this time, the coupler 1 goes off and does not consume more than 50 μA. Note that the auxiliary battery B2 can discharge to its critical low threshold, without altering the capacity of the main battery B 1.
Dans un deuxième temps, on considère que le dispositif de recharge fonctionne. Lorsque la tension de la batterie principale Bl atteint le seuil de démarrage U2, le coupleur 1 s'active et restera activé même si la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl redescend ponctuellement en dessous du seuil de démarrage U2.In a second step, it is considered that the charging device works. When the voltage of the main battery B1 reaches the start threshold U2, the coupler 1 activates and remains activated even if the voltage at the terminals of the main battery Bl falls back punctually below the start threshold U2.
Tant que la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl est inférieure au seuil de tension U3, le dispositif de recharge débite uniquement dans la batterie principale Bl. Lorsque la batterie principale Bl atteint le seuil de tension U3, le coupleur 1 autorise le courant à recharger également la batterie auxiliaire B2. Pour cela, le microcontrôleur 2 pilote l'élément de contrôle 3 avec un faible rapport cyclique. Un courant s'établit entre la batterie principale Bl et la batterie auxiliaire B2. Ce courant est mesuré par l'élément de contrôle 3 et sa valeur est interprétée par le microcontrôleur 2. Le rapport cyclique augmente progressivement jusqu'à ce que le courant atteigne une valeur maximale de charge autorisée préprogrammée. Une fois que cette valeur est atteinte, le rapport cyclique va être régulé de manière à réguler le courant. On notera que la batterie principale Bl est rechargée en priorité par rapport à la batterie auxiliaire B2.As long as the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 is lower than the voltage threshold U3, the charging device discharges only into the main battery B. When the main battery B0 reaches the voltage threshold U3, the coupler 1 allows the current to also recharge the auxiliary battery B2. For this, the microcontroller 2 controls the control element 3 with a low duty cycle. A current is established between the main battery B1 and the auxiliary battery B2. This current is measured by the control element 3 and its value is interpreted by the microcontroller 2. The duty cycle increases progressively until the current reaches a preprogrammed maximum authorized load value. Once this value is reached, the duty cycle will be regulated to regulate the current. It will be noted that the main battery B1 is recharged in priority with respect to the auxiliary battery B2.
Dans un troisième temps, on considère que le dispositif de recharge fonctionne, c'est-à-dire que les batteries sont en charge, et que des appareils électriques sont branchés, ce qui correspond à un cas standard d'un véhicule en fonctionnement. Si la tension de la batterie principale Bl diminue jusqu'au seuil de tension U4, par exemple dans le cas de la mise en fonctionnement d'un appareil électrique non comptabilisé dans le calcul de la puissance nominale, le courant de charge de la batterie principale Bl vers la batterie auxiliaire B2 est diminué pour que la tension de la batterie principale Bl reste au dessus du seuil de tension U4. Dès que la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl remonte, le courant de charge augmente pour revenir à se valeur maximale autorisée.Thirdly, it is considered that the charging device operates, that is to say that the batteries are charging, and that electrical devices are connected, which corresponds to a standard case of a vehicle in operation. If the voltage of the main battery B1 decreases to the voltage threshold U4, for example in the case of the start-up of an electrical appliance not accounted for in the calculation of the nominal power, the charge current of the main battery Bl to the auxiliary battery B2 is decreased so that the voltage of the main battery B1 remains above the voltage threshold U4. As soon as the voltage across the main battery Bl rises, the charging current increases to return to its maximum allowed value.
Si on arrête le dispositif de recharge, la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl va descendre et le courant de charge va diminuer jusqu'à devenir nul. Si la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl ne remonte pas dans un délai préprogrammé, le coupleur 1 va se mettre à l'arrêt.If the charging device is stopped, the voltage across the main battery B1 will go down and the charging current will decrease until it becomes zero. If the voltage at the terminals of the main battery B1 does not rise within a preprogrammed time, the coupler 1 will come to a standstill.
Si la tension aux bornes de la batterie principale Bl remonte, le cycle décrit ci-dessus va reprendre.If the voltage across the main battery Bl rises, the cycle described above will resume.
Si la tension de la batterie auxiliaire B2 remonte, par exemple du fait d'un système de recharge directement connecté sur la batterie auxiliaire B2, le coupleur 1 va également se réactiver. Quand la tension aux bornes de la batterie auxiliaire B2 devient supérieure à celle aux bornes de la batterie principale B2, le coupleur 1 active l'élément de contrôle 3 pour permettre un courant de recharge de la batterie auxiliaire B2 vers la batterie principale Bl et ainsi assurer une charge d'entretien à la batterie principale Bl. La valeur maximale de ce courant de charge d'entretien est également préprogrammée.If the voltage of the auxiliary battery B2 rises, for example because of a charging system directly connected to the auxiliary battery B2, the coupler 1 will also reactivate. When the voltage at the terminals of the auxiliary battery B2 becomes greater than that at the terminals of the main battery B2, the coupler 1 activates the control element 3 to allow a charging current of the auxiliary battery B2 to the main battery B1 and thus ensure a charge of maintenance to main battery Bl. The maximum value of this maintenance charging current is also pre-programmed.
L'objectif principal du coupleur 1 est de préserver la batterie principale Bl pour garantir le démarrage du moteur indépendamment des appareils électriques connectés au système, tout en optimisant la recharge de la batterie auxiliaire B2.The main purpose of the coupler 1 is to preserve the main battery Bl to ensure the starting of the engine independently of the electrical devices connected to the system, while optimizing the recharge of the auxiliary battery B2.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en relation avec plusieurs modes de réalisations particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention. Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments, it is obvious that it is not limited thereto and that it includes all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Coupleur (1) destiné à être relié d'une part à une batterie principale (Bl) et d'autre part à une batterie auxiliaire (B2), ladite batterie principale (Bl) étant apte à être reliée à un dispositif de recharge, ledit coupleur (1) comportant un élément de contrôle (3) disposé entre ladite batterie principale (Bl) et ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2), apte à permettre ou à bloquer la circulation d'un courant de charge entre lesdites batteries (Bl et B2), ledit coupleur (1) comportant un microcontrôleur (2) apte, à partir de la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale (Bl) et de la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2), à commander en permanence ledit élément de contrôle (3) pour définir l'intensité et le sens dudit courant de charge, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur (2) réalise un cycle et détermine un rapport cyclique de temps de conduction dudit élément de contrôle (3), ledit rapport cyclique étant fonction dudit courant de charge défini par le microcontrôleur. 1. Coupler (1) intended to be connected on the one hand to a main battery (Bl) and on the other hand to an auxiliary battery (B2), said main battery (Bl) being able to be connected to a charging device , said coupler (1) comprising a control element (3) arranged between said main battery (B1) and said auxiliary battery (B2), adapted to allow or block the circulation of a charge current between said batteries (B1 and B1); B2), said coupler (1) comprising a microcontroller (2) able, from the voltage across said main battery (B1) and the voltage across said auxiliary battery (B2), to continuously control said element control unit (3) for defining the intensity and the direction of said charging current, characterized in that said microcontroller (2) carries out a cycle and determines a cyclic ratio of conduction time of said control element (3), said duty cycle being according to said court load ant defined by the microcontroller.
2. Coupleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur (2) fait évoluer ledit rapport cyclique de manière continue.2. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller (2) continuously changes said duty cycle.
3. Coupleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur (2) est apte à mémoriser un seuil de tension de début de charge (U3), de manière que lorsque ladite batterie principale (Bl) est en cours de charge par ledit dispositif de recharge, ledit microcontrôleur (2) est apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle (3) pour permettre la recharge de ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2) à partir de ladite batterie principale (Bl) lorsque la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale (Bl) dépasse ledit seuil de tension de début de charge (U3).3. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller (2) is adapted to store a start voltage threshold load (U3), so that when said main battery (Bl) is being loaded by said recharging device, said microcontroller (2) is adapted to control said control element (3) to enable said auxiliary battery (B2) to be recharged from said main battery (B1) when the voltage at the terminals of said main battery ( Bl) exceeds said load start voltage threshold (U3).
4. Coupleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur (2) est apte à mémoriser un seuil de tension minimale (U4), de manière que lorsque ladite batterie principale (Bl) est en cours de charge par ledit dispositif de recharge, ledit microcontrôleur (2) est apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle (3) de manière que lorsque ladite batterie principale (Bl) charge ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2), la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale (Bl) soit toujours supérieure audit seuil de tension minimale (U4).4. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller (2) is adapted to store a minimum voltage threshold (U4), so that when said main battery (Bl) is being charged by said charging device said microcontroller (2) is adapted to control said control element (3) so that when said main battery (B1) charges said auxiliary battery (B2), the voltage at the terminals of said main battery (B1) is always greater than said minimum voltage threshold (U4).
5. Coupleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur (2) est apte à mémoriser un courant maximal de charge de ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2), ledit microcontrôleur (2) étant apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle (3) de manière que ledit courant de charge soit inférieur audit courant de charge maximal.5. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that said microcontroller (2) is able to store a maximum charge current of said auxiliary battery (B2), said microcontroller (2) being able to control said control element (3). such that said charging current is less than said maximum charging current.
6. Coupleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lorsque la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2) est supérieure à la tension aux bornes de ladite batterie principale (Bl), ledit microcontrôleur (2) active ledit élément de contrôle (3) pour permettre un courant d'entretien de ladite batterie auxiliaire (B2) vers ladite batterie principale (Bl). Coupler according to Claim 1, characterized in that when the voltage at the terminals of said auxiliary battery (B2) is greater than the voltage at the terminals of said main battery (Bl), said microcontroller (2) activates said control element ( 3) to allow a maintenance current of said auxiliary battery (B2) to said main battery (B1).
7. Coupleur selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ledit microcontrôleur (2) est apte à mémoriser un courant maximal d'entretien de ladite batterie principale (Bl), ledit microcontrôleur (2) étant apte à contrôler ledit élément de contrôle (3) de manière que ledit courant d'entretien soit inférieur audit courant d'entretien maximal.7. Coupler according to claim 6, characterized in that said microcontroller (2) is able to store a maximum maintenance current of said main battery (B1), said microcontroller (2) being able to control said control element (3). ) so that said maintenance current is less than said maximum maintenance current.
8. Coupleur selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que lorsque ledit coupleur (1) est à l'arrêt, ledit coupleur (1) consomme moins de 50μA. 8. Coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that when said coupler (1) is stopped, said coupler (1) consumes less than 50μA.
PCT/FR2005/003015 2004-12-03 2005-12-02 Battery coupler WO2006059017A1 (en)

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FR0412866 2004-12-03
FR0412866A FR2879040B1 (en) 2004-12-03 2004-12-03 COUPLER OF BATTERIES

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