WO2006044910A1 - Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers - Google Patents
Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006044910A1 WO2006044910A1 PCT/US2005/037473 US2005037473W WO2006044910A1 WO 2006044910 A1 WO2006044910 A1 WO 2006044910A1 US 2005037473 W US2005037473 W US 2005037473W WO 2006044910 A1 WO2006044910 A1 WO 2006044910A1
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- vinyl
- reaction mixture
- hydroxyethyl
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- filter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/46—Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to processes for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers.
- soluble polyHEMA possessing molecular weights in the range of 500,000 to 700,000 mass units may be accomplished by reacting concentrated solutions of one or more olefmic monomers as in the presence of radical initiators, followed by the termination of the process once a gel has been formed.
- radical initiators such as sodium bicarbonate
- this process often yields inconsistent results.
- these compounds may consist of significant branching in the polymeric chains. This branching reduces the solubility of the resultant polyHEMA.
- the present invention relates to a method comprising polymerizing at least one monomer under conditions where at least about 95% of the incident light produced by the light source is filtered to produce a soluble, high molecular weight 25 polymer.
- VTN-5061 More specifically, the present invention relates to a process comprising polymerizing via irradiation from a light source, a reaction mixture comprising at least one monomer and at least one photoinitiator wherein at least about 90% of incident light emitted by the light source is filtered to produce a soluble, high 5 molecular weight polymer.
- Figure 1 is the absorbance spectrum for IRGACURE CGI 1850.
- Figure 2 shows the emission spectrum of a Phillips TL03 bulb.
- soluble means that the resulting polymer has a low degree of crosslinking. Suitable degrees of crosslinking include those below about 0.1%, preferably below about 0.08% and more preferably below about 0.06%. Alternatively, the solubility may be confirmed by dissolving the polymer in a solvent having a similar degree of polarity. Suitable solvents may be readily 20 selected by those of skill in the art, using for example dielectric constants, dipole moment of the solvent, Hansen solubility parameters and the like.
- Suitable solvents for polar polymers include, but are not limited to dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl lactate, water, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, mixtures thereof and the like at 25 0 C.
- Suitable solvents for non- 25 polar polymers, such as methyl methacrylate include, but are not limited to toluene, methylene chloride and the like at 25°C.
- Polymers which are soluble under the present invention will have at least about 0.5 gm of polymer dissolve in 100 ml of the selected solvent at 25°C.
- the soluble, high molecular weight polymers of the present invention may have polydispersities from about 1.4 to about 1.8, more preferably between about 1.1 to about 1.5.
- high molecular weight' means a weight average molecular weight Mw of at least about 400,000 and preferably at least about 5 500,000 as measured by GPC with absolute molecular weight determination using a multiangle light scattering detector. Appropriate instruments are available from Wyatt Technologies
- free radical polymerizable monomer(s) may be polymerized using the process of the present invention.
- free radical polymerizble monomers io comprise reactive groups including acrylates, styryls, vinyls, vinyl ethers, acrylamides, N-vinyllactams, N-vinylamides, C 2- i 2 alkenyls, C 2- i 2 alkenylphenyls, C 2- i 2 alkenylnaphthyls, or C 2-6 alkenylphenylCi. 6 alkyls.
- Preferred free radical polymerizable monomers comprise methacrylates, acrylates, methacrylamides, acrylamides, and the like, and more preferably Ci- ⁇ alkylacrylates and
- the free radical polymerizable monomer are monofunctional. More specifically suitable reactive groups include acrylic, methacrylic, acrylamido, methacrylamido, fumaric, maleic, styryl, isopropenylphenyl, O-vinylcarbonate, O-vinylcarbamate, allylic, O-vinylacetyl and N-vinyllactam and N-vinylamido double bonds. "Acrylic-type" or "acrylic-
- R 5 H CRCOX
- R' is H or CH 3
- R ⁇ is H, alkyl or carbonyl
- X is O or N, which are also known to polymerize readily, such as N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), 2- hydroxyethyl acrylate , 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycerol methacrylate, 2-
- DMA N,N-dimethylacrylamide
- 2- hydroxyethyl acrylate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- glycerol methacrylate 2-
- Free radical reactive monomers may also include monomers such as N-vinyl lactams (e.g. N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP)), N-vinyl-N-methyl acetamide, N-vinyl-N-
- hydrophilic vinyl carbonate or vinyl carbamate monomers disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,070,215
- hydrophilic oxazolone 5 monomers disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,190,277.
- Other suitable hydrophilic monomers will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
- More preferred free radical reactive monomers which may be incorporated into the polymer of the present invention include N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, glycerol methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylamide, N- io vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and polyethyleneglycol monomethacrylate.
- DMA N,N-dimethyl acrylamide
- NDP N- io vinylpyrrolidone
- NRP N- io vinylpyrrolidone
- 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- polyethyleneglycol monomethacrylate polyethyleneglycol monomethacrylate.
- Silicon containing monomers may also be included. Suitable silicon containing monomers include at least one [ — Si — O — Si] group. Preferably, the Si and attached O are present in the silicone-containing component in an amount
- silicone-containing components preferably comprise polymerizable functional groups such as acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-vinyl lactam, N-vinylamide, and styryl functional groups. Examples of silicone-containing components which
- silicone-containing monomers are polysiloxanylalkyl(meth)acrylic monomers represented by the following formula:
- R denotes H or lower alkyl
- X denotes O or NR 4
- each R 4 independently denotes hydrogen or methyl
- each R 1 -R 3 independently denotes a lower alkyl radical or a phenyl radical, and n is 1 to 10 and preferably 1 or 3 to 10.
- polysiloxanylalkyl (meth)acrylic monomers examples include methacryloxypropyl tris(trimethylsiloxy) silane, pentamethyldisiloxanyl methylmethacrylate, and methyldi(trimethylsiloxy)methacryloxymethyl silane.
- methacryloxypropyl tris(t ⁇ imethylsiloxy)silane is the most preferred.
- One preferred class of silicone-containing components is a poly(organosiloxane) prepolymer represented by Formula II: Formula II
- each A independently denotes an activated unsaturated group, such as an ester or amide of an acrylic or a methacrylic acid or an alkyl or aryl group (providing that one A comprises an activated unsaturated group capable of undergoing radical polymerization); each of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of a monovalent hydrocarbon radical or a halogen
- R 9 denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms
- VTN- 5061 m is 0 or an integer greater than or equal to 1 , and preferable 5 to 400, and more preferably 10 to 300.
- One specific example is ⁇ , ⁇ -bismethacryloxypropyl poly-dimethylsiloxane.
- Another preferred example is mPDMS (monomethacryloxypropyl terminated mono-n-butyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane) .
- silicone- containing vinyl carbonate or vinyl carbamate monomers of the following formula:
- Y denotes O, S. or NH
- R Sl denotes a silicone-containing organic radical
- R denotes hydrogen or methyl
- d is 1
- q is 0 or 1.
- Suitable silicone-containing organic radicals R Sr include the following:
- VTN- 5061 R 10 denotes
- the silicone-containing vinyl carbonate or vinyl carbamate monomers specifically include: 1 ,3-bis[4-(vinyloxycarbonyloxy)but-l -yl]tetramethyl-isiloxane 3-(vinyloxycarbonylthio) propyl- [tris (trimethylsiloxysilane]; 3- [tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl] propyl allyl carbamate; 3-[tris(trimethylsiloxy)wilyl] propyl vinyl carbamate; trimethylsilylethyl vinyl carbonate; trimethylsilylmethyl io vinyl carbonate, and
- crosslinking compound is any multifunctional compound which, because of it reactivity, is reactive under the polymerization conditions of the present invention. It should be understood that multifunctional
- 15 compounds which are not reactive under the polymerization conditions selected may be present in amounts above those specified herein.
- the amount of crosslinker which may be tolerated will to some extent vary, depending upon the monomers which are being polymerized. Generally, the amount of crosslinker included in the reaction mixture should be less than about 6 x 10 "3 mole%, preferably less than
- the amount may be higher such as less than about 2 mole%, preferably less than about 0.5 mole% and more preferably less than about 0.2 mole %.
- VTN- 5061 The rate of initiation used for the present invention should be selected such that rate chain propagation remains greater than the combined rates of chain termination and chain transfer.
- the desired rate of chain propagation may be readily 5 achieved by controlling the amount of incident light which reaches the polymerization mixture.
- the incident light may be controlled by a number of ways known in the art.
- filters such as glass and solution filters may be used alone or in combination to reduce the intensity from the light source.
- the filter is selected according to the spectrum of the light source and the spectrum of the
- the filter is selected to (a) cut off wavelengths below about 400 nm and greater than about 525 nm, and (b) give about 5% to about 60% of maximum transrnittance around about 450nm and about 10% to about 20% at about 420nm.
- the thickness of the glass filter varies from about 1 mm to about 5 mm.
- the dimensions of the glass filter should be greater than the 15 dimensions of the reaction vessel to insure that all light entering the vessel passes through the filter.
- An example of a suitable glass filter is a SCHOTT glass filter VG6 (1 mm or 2 mm thickness).
- a filter dye may be used. The absorbance spectrum of several filter dyes may be found in The Sigma- Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators, Floyd J. Green, The Adrich Chemical
- 350 nm and 400 nm include amaranth, Reactive Blue 4 and blue HEMA, which is disclosed in US 5,938,795.
- Suitable filters block at least about 95% of the incident 25 light produced by the light source, and preferably in some embodiments at least about 98%, and even more preferably at least about 99%.
- the incident light may be measured using known equipment, such as commercially available spectral radiometers, such as an International Light
- Suitable light sources should emit at least about 1 milliwatt of power and have an emission spectra which overlaps at least in part with the absorbance spectra 5 of the selected photoinitiator(s).
- the free radical polymerizable monomers are dissolved in a solvent with a photoinitiator.
- the photoinitiator is selected by reference to its absorbance spectrum and the spectral output of the light source. Specifically, the photoinitiator and light source are selected so that the light source emits radiation in at least one region of io the absorbance spectrum of the photoinitiator.
- Figure 1 shows the absorbance spectrum for IRGACURE CGI 1850 (commercially available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and Figure 2 shows the emission spectrum of a Phillips TL03 bulb. Comparing the Figures, it can be seen that there is an overlap of the photoinitiator absorbance spectrum and the lamp emission spectrum between about
- IRGACURE CGI IS 50 and a Phillips TL03 bulb may be used in the process of the present invention.
- Those of skill in the art, using the teaching of the present invention can readily select other suitable light source/photoinitiator combinations. Both UV and visible light activated photoinitiators may be suitable for the present invention. Suitable photoinitiator
- 2 o systems include aromatic alpha-hydroxy ketones, alkoxyoxybenzoins, acetophenones, acylphosphine oxides, bisacylphosphine oxides, and a tertiary amine plus a diketone, mixtures thereof and the like.
- Illustrative examples of photoinitiators are 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l- phenyl-propan- 1 -one, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4-4-trimethylpentyl phosphine
- VTN- 5061 available visible light initiator systems include Irgacure 819, Irgacure 1700, trgacure 1800, Irgacure 819, Irgacure 1850 (all from Ciba Specialty Chemicals) and Lxicirm TPO initiator (available from BASF).
- Commercially available UV photoinitiators include Darocur 1173 and Darocur 2959 (Ciba Specialty Chemicals). These and 5 other photoinitators which may be used are disclosed in Volume III, Photoini"tiators for Free Radical Cationic & Anionic Photopolymerization, 2 nd Edition by J. V " . Crivello& K. Dietliker; edited by G.
- the initiator is used in the reaction mixture in effective amounts to initiate photopolymerization of the reaction mixture, io e.g., from about 0.01 to about 5 parts per 100 molar parts of reactive monomer.
- initiation can be conducted without a photoinitiator using, for example, e-beam.
- Preferred initiators include bisacylphosphine oxides, such as bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenyl phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819®) or a combination of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone and bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-
- DMBAPO 2,4-4-trimethylpentyl phosphine oxide
- the preferred method of polymerization initiation is visible light.
- the most preferred is bis(2,4,6- trimethylbenzoyl)-phenyl phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819®).
- reaction solvent should be selected to solubilize the monomers selected as well as the polymer as it is formed during the reaction. Suitable reaction solvents
- 2 o may be selected by Hanssen solubility parameters, dielectric constant, polarity and combinations thereof. Additionally solvents should have low chain transfer coefficients, such as those up to about 10, preferably up to about 5 and more preferably up to about 1, all relative to styrene at 60 0 C. Chain transfer coefficients are disclosed in Principles of Polymerization, Odian, John Wiley & Sons, 1991, pg
- the chosen solvent also should not significantly absorb light in the chosen wavelength region and should be free from contaminants ⁇ vhich might react with the selected photoinitiator.
- suitable solvents include ethylene glycol, dimethylformamide,
- reaction is conducted with a reaction effective amount of solvent.
- the minimum amount of reaction solvent to be used is the amount necessary to prevent 5 gellation of reaction mixture.
- the upper range of reaction solvent is the amount necessary to provide the molecular weights specified herein.
- reaction effective amounts of reaction solvent include amounts sufficient to provide solutions between about 1 M and about 3 M.
- reaction temperature is controlled to maintain the solubility of the io reactants and products in the solvent. Again using reactive mixtures containing
- reaction temperatures of at least about 10°C and preferably from about 1O 0 C to about 75°C may be used. Temperatures for other reactive components may be readily determined by those of skill in the art, using the teaching of the present invention.
- reaction times include up to about 2 hours and preferably from about 10 minutes to about 1 hour.
- VTN-5061 Elution Profile Isocratic Run Time: 42 Minutes
- Polystyrene (28KDa, 1000KDa) and polyHEMA (355 KDa ) standards were 5 prepared in 5 ml of 0.2% Li Br in DMF. 0.02g samples of the polymer were added to 5.00 mL 0.2% Li Br in DMF via pipette. The polymer samples were sonicated and/or heated until dissolved. The sample is injected into the HPLC and the procedure outlined in Astra Manual for analyzing light scattering data was used to determine molecular weight and polydispersity by Astra Software.
- the absorbance spectrum of the photoinitiator used in the photopolymerization was measured using a commercially available spectrometers capable of measurements in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as a Spec 55 made by Perkin Elmer.
- the absorbance spectrum of a commercially available photoinitiator, Darocur 1173, is shown in Figure 2.
- the absorbance spectrum of the filter dye may measured using a UV/VIS spectrometer, described above. More conveniently, the absorbance spectrum of the filter dye can be found in The Sigma- Aldrich Handbook of Stains, Dyes and Indicators by Floyd J. Green published by the Aldrich Chemical Company in 1990. The absorbance spectrum of a commercially available dye, amaranth, is shown in
- the following apparatus was used in the Examples.
- the exterior sides of a 4 quart colorless Pyrex dish were wrapped in silver reflective tape to prevent light from entering the system from the sides and to increase reflectivity within the dish.
- the Pyrex dish was placed on a mirror during the reaction to further increase
- the top edges of the dish are sealed with foam insulation tape (4 mm 2 strips) to provide a seal between the dish and the filter glass, preventing light from entering the system at this juncture.
- a filter glass cover was placed on top of the Pyrex dish.
- a sheet of 2mm thick VG-6 filter glass (Schott Technologies, Inc.) large enough to cover the entire
- VTN- 5061 Pyrex dish was used as the cover.
- the filter glass was placed onto a sheet of 1/16 inch thick Pyrex optical glass for support, then placed over the Pyrex dish during the reaction.
- Figure 1 illustrates the apparatus.
- HEMA 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- Ethylene glycol (Aldrich, S9
- VTN-5061 mixture was transferred to a 4 L laboratory blender and worked up by blending the mixture on high in 3.5 L of de-ionized water for a minimum of two minutes.
- the polymer was then collected by filtration through blotting paper.
- the excess water was removed from the polymer by manually squeezing the water from the blotting 5 paper.
- the work-up process of blending, filtering, and squeezing out excess water was performed a total of four times, to eventually yield a finely ground, white material.
- the polymer was dried at room temperature.
- the dried polymer was transferred to a small blender and ground.
- the ground polymer was washed for one hour in 2 L of de-ionized water, using overhead stirring. This washing procedure io was repeated a second time. Excess water was squeezed out of the polymer after each wash.
- the resultant polyHEMA was dried at room temperature. After drying, the polyHEMA was ground down using a small blender yielding 245.4 g of a
- a homogeneous mixture of 615 mg CGI 1850, 150 mL of ethylene glycol, and 45g of HEMA was degassed by evacuating the system for several minutes, followed by purging with nitrogen. This process was continued for one hour, using 3 to 4 evacuate/purge sequences, and the mixture was placed under a nitrogen 20 atmosphere.
- the reaction was then exposed to visible light (4 Philips 20W/TL03 bulbs bulbs arranged parallel to each other and within a distance of 10-12 inches from the
- VTN- 5061 sample for one hour at room temperature, after which it was quenched by rapidly diluting the mixture with water, followed by vigorous agitation while open to the atmosphere.
- the resultant white polymer was washed several times with 100 to 150 mL of de-ionized water until its texture remains consistent and no additional 5 hardening was observed.
- the rubbery material was then torn into smaller pieces, and stirred in 300 mL of D.I. water for two hours. The liquids were decanted, and the water wash was repeated once more.
- the product was squeezed between blotting paper to remove excess water and placed in a rotary evaporator to remove the residual water at reduced pressure.
- the dried polymer was milled into fine i o particles prior to use.
- GPC data was obtained using both refractive index and light scattering detectors. Chromatography was performed using a phenogel 5 ⁇ m linear (2) 7.8 mm x 30 cm column (Phenomenex), and 0.5 wt. % lithium bromide in N,N- dimethylformamide as the eluent. Molecular weights were determined using
- TL03 bulbs were used for the 380-480 run wavelengths and TL09 bulbs were used for the 300-400 nm wavelengths.
- GMMA glycerol monomethacrylate
- BHEMA Blue HEMA
- VTN-5061 was poured into an 8 cm radius silvered dish.
- the reaction vessel was covered with a solution filter prepared by dissolving 250 mg Amaranth in 200 mL ethylene glycol and filtering using #1 filter paper.
- the filter solution (105 g) was poured into the reaction vessel described in Example 2.
- the dish containing the solution filter was 5 placed on top of the reaction vessel.
- the reaction vessel was placed 10-12 inches from 4 2OW TL-09 UV light bulbs and cured in glove box for 1 hour at room temperature, positive N 2 , O 2 ⁇ 0.01%.
- the resulting polymer was worked up in a blender, blending four times in 500 mL portions of DI H 2 O.
- the product was washed by stirring in 500 mL of DI H 2 O for io 24 hours.
- the water was squeezed from the product with blotting paper and dried overnight.
- the product was ground down using a blender, washed in 500 mL DI H 2 O for 3 hours and dried overnight. The wash and drying was repeated once.
- the product was ground down after the final wash.
- the product had a Mn of 2,430,000; a Mw of 2,780,000, and a Mw/Mn of 1.15.
Abstract
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP05812109A EP1802664A1 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers |
CA002584868A CA2584868A1 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers |
AU2005295396A AU2005295396A1 (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers |
BRPI0518226-3A BRPI0518226A (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | process for the synthesis of high molecular weight soluble polymers |
JP2007537983A JP2008517145A (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-19 | Process for the synthesis of soluble high molecular weight polymers |
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US09/921,192 US7879267B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2001-08-02 | Method for coating articles by mold transfer |
US10/968,509 US7485672B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2004-10-19 | Process for the synthesis of soluble, high molecular weight polymers |
US10/968,509 | 2004-10-19 |
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Cited By (1)
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US9511089B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2016-12-06 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Ophthalmic compositions comprising polyether substituted polymers |
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Cited By (4)
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US9511089B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2016-12-06 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Ophthalmic compositions comprising polyether substituted polymers |
US9606263B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2017-03-28 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Ophthalmic compositions comprising polyether substituted polymers |
US9849081B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2017-12-26 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Ophthalmic compositions comprising polyether substituted polymers |
US10441533B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2019-10-15 | Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. | Ophthalmic compositions comprising polyether substituted polymers |
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US20050054745A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
US7485672B2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
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