WO2006019329A1 - Electric-arc device - Google Patents
Electric-arc device Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006019329A1 WO2006019329A1 PCT/RU2004/000279 RU2004000279W WO2006019329A1 WO 2006019329 A1 WO2006019329 A1 WO 2006019329A1 RU 2004000279 W RU2004000279 W RU 2004000279W WO 2006019329 A1 WO2006019329 A1 WO 2006019329A1
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- chamber
- working chamber
- gas
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- products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/087—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J19/088—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0809—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes employing two or more electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0816—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes involving moving electrodes
- B01J2219/082—Sliding electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0822—The electrode being consumed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0824—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0826—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear
- B01J2219/083—Details relating to the shape of the electrodes essentially linear cylindrical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0803—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy
- B01J2219/0805—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges
- B01J2219/0807—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges involving electrodes
- B01J2219/0837—Details relating to the material of the electrodes
- B01J2219/0839—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0869—Feeding or evacuating the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0871—Heating or cooling of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0881—Two or more materials
- B01J2219/0886—Gas-solid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0873—Materials to be treated
- B01J2219/0892—Materials to be treated involving catalytically active material
Definitions
- the invention relates to electric arc installations. Most successfully, the present invention can be used to synthesize new chemical compounds.
- the closest analogue of the claimed invention is an electric arc installation for producing fullerenes, described in U.S. Patent No. 5227038 dated July 21, 1991.
- the installation for producing fullerenes contains a sealed metal reactor vessel, in which an evaporative working chamber with horizontally aligned coaxial movable graphite electrodes is placed. The electrodes are electrically connected to an electric power source to create an electric arc.
- the installation also contains means for supplying inert gas to the working chamber in the form of a pipe with a bell located under the zone of the interelectrode gap. Above the interelectrode gap zone, a means was placed for removing products from the working chamber in the form of a massive pipe, enclosed around the perimeter by a spiral water-cooling coil.
- An outlet pipe is connected to the upper part of the housing and connected to a pipe for removing products from the working chamber.
- the outlet pipe outside the reactor vessel is connected to a device for circulating gas.
- This device comprises a gas collection tank equipped with a filter bag for separating and collecting fullerene microparticles removed from the working chamber of the reactor.
- a turbine is located behind the reservoir, which provides the supply of inert gas purified from fullerenes into the pipeline for supplying inert gas to the working chamber of the reactor.
- the carbon electrodes evaporate in an inert gas environment. Evaporated products are removed from the working chamber by a water-cooled product removal means. Formative -? - while the fullerenes are removed with a gas stream from the reactor vessel and captured by the device discussed above, the purified gas is returned back to the working chamber of the installation. The combustion of carbon electrodes is compensated by the drives of their movement.
- this setup provides only the production of fullerenes of one specific formula and cannot provide any other compounds, i.e. it has, like all other well-known electric-fan installations, very narrow functionality.
- the basis of the present invention was the task of developing an electric arc installation, which would be performed in such a way as to ensure the expansion of its functionality, thereby achieving the possibility of obtaining new compounds.
- the problem is solved in that in an electric arc installation containing a sealed metal reactor vessel in which the working chamber is located, horizontally located coaxial movable electrodes electrically connected to a power source to create an arc, means for supplying gas to the working chamber, as well as water-cooled means for removing products from the working chamber, a discharge pipe sealed to the reactor vessel, connected to means for separating and collecting the obtained product, as well as media gas purification, new is that in the reactor vessel behind the means for removing products from the working chamber are additionally made in series with each other, a chamber for introducing additional substances interacting with products from the working chamber, a mixing chamber, as well as a collection chamber the resulting product, which is associated with a discharge pipe.
- Figure 1 presents a block diagram of the inventive electric arc installation
- Figure 2 schematically shows the reactor of the installation, a longitudinal section
- Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of reactor chambers
- the installation consists of a reactor 1 (Fig. 1), an alternating current source 2, an electrode drive 3, a receiving tank 4 for the obtained product, a gas separator 5, a circulation pump 6, purifiers 7 and 8 of the working gas and the blowing gas, respectively, of the tank 9 for the working fluid and means 10 for outputting the finished product, interconnected by pipelines.
- the reactor 1 comprises a horizontally positioned thick-walled cylindrical split housing 11 made of ferromagnetic material (FIG. 2).
- the housing 11 consists of two mirrored cylindrical hollow halves 12 and 13 with flanges 14, between which an annular gasket 15 of electrical insulating material is installed.
- the housing 11 is connected to an AC source 2.
- Inside the halves 12 and 13 of the casing there are curly annular chamber-forming screens 16 of non-magnetic material.
- An annular working chamber 17 is formed in the center of the reactor vessel 11, which is formed by the inclined parts of the screens 16 and the internal end surfaces of the vessel.
- the halves 12 and 13 of the housing 11 are placed coil 18 and 19 of an electromagnet to create a magnetic field, stabilizing arcing electric arc during the operation of the reactor.
- the halves 12 and 13 of the housing made of ferramagnetic material are magnetic circuits.
- coaxial expendable movable electrodes 20 are placed in the means for supplying gas to the working chamber 17.
- the means are made in the form of two tubular gas supply elements 21 and 22 located along the longitudinal axis XX of the cylindrical reactor body 11 .
- the tubular gas supply elements 21 and 22 are located in the end walls of the housing and are located with annular gaps 23 relative to them.
- Two disc-shaped gas manifolds 24 and 25 are located at the outer ends of each of the gas supply elements 21 and 22.
- the disc-shaped gas manifolds 24 are mounted on the end walls of the housing 11 and are connected to the annular gaps 23.
- the disc-shaped manifolds 25 are mounted on the disc-shaped collectors 24 and connected to the interior 26 tubular gas supply elements 21 and 22.
- the gas supply to the working chamber 17 is provided through coaxially located channels, which are formed by the internal spaces 26 of the gas supply yaschih elements 21 and 22, as well as the annular gap 23 between these elements and the walls of the housing 11.
- the nozzles 27 perform the function of guide screens for gas entering through the annular channels 23, which is conventionally called the gas for blowing the walls of the working chamber 17.
- conical nozzles 28 with openings at their apices are installed with a gap relative to them.
- the nozzles 28 perform the function of guide screens for gas entering through the internal spaces 26 of the gas supply elements, which is conventionally called the working gas.
- the electrodes 20 are located along the axis XX inside the gas driving elements 21 and 22 and are installed with the possibility of their movement towards each other in the axial direction.
- the outer ends of the electrodes 20 are placed in the guide bushings 29 with the annular sealing elements 30 and are connected with the actuators 3 of their movement.
- the inner ends of the electrodes 20 are placed in annular electric supplying electrode holders 31 and, passing through the holes of the conical nozzles 27 and 28 towards each other, they are located in the center of the working chamber 17 with a gap between their ends.
- the electrode holders 31 are electrically connected to their halves 12 and 13 of the housing (electrical connections are not shown in the drawings) -
- the discharge chamber 32 is formed by the vertical parts of the chamber-forming screens 16. On its walls are ring water cooling collectors 33.
- annular chamber 34 With nozzles or injectors 35 for introducing additional substances interacting with the products from the working chamber 17.
- the chamber 34 is formed by the ends of the vertical parts of the chamber-forming screens 16 and ring grooves in the initial parts of the flanges 14 of the halves 12 and 13 of the housing 11 reactors.
- the substance interacting with the products from the working chamber is supplied from the annular collectors 36. This substance may be in a liquid or gaseous state and is conventionally called a working fluid.
- An annular mixing chamber 37 is located around the periphery of the annular chamber 34 for introducing additional substances.
- the mixing chamber 37 is formed by annular rectangular cross-sectional grooves in the middle parts of the flanges 14 of the halves 12 and 13 of the reactor vessel 11.
- annular chamber 38 for collecting the obtained product.
- the collection chamber 38 is formed by annular rectangular cross-sectional grooves in the peripheral parts of the flanges 14 halves 12 and 13 of the vessel 11 of the reactor.
- the chamber 38 is connected by a discharge pipe with a receiving tank 4 for the finished product.
- Installation works as follows.
- Consumable electrodes 20 evaporate in an electric arc burning between the ends of the electrodes.
- the pairs of substances that make up the electrodes are mixed with the working gas in the working chamber 17, resulting in the formation of microparticles with desired properties and chemical composition.
- the chemical composition of microparticles is determined by both the composition of the consumable electrodes 20 and the composition of the working gas.
- a blowing gas is used, which differs (in the general case) from the working gas.
- the mixture consisting of microparticles, working gas and blowing gas enters from the periphery of the inner toroidal volume of the working chamber 17 into the cooled annular chamber 22. Moving radially along the chamber 22 from its beginning to the periphery, the mixture of products from the working chamber 17 is cooled to the required temperature. Next, the cooled mixture enters the annular chamber 34, where the working fluid or its vapors are introduced through nozzles or injectors 35, where they are contacted with products from the working chamber.
- annular chamber 34 From the annular chamber 34, a mixture of products from the working chamber. and the additionally introduced substance enters the annular mixing chamber 37. Intensive mixing and interaction with each other takes place in the chamber 37. The resulting product is collected in an annular chamber 38, from where it is discharged from the reactor housing 11 by a discharge pipe into a receiving tank 4.
- Fullerenes are obtained when using consumable electrodes as either pure carbon or carbon with additives.
- helium is used as the working gas.
- a working fluid a liquid is used in which fullerenes dissolve, but which is not subject to chemical changes under the action of microparticles, or a liquid with inertness and anticoagulating properties, such as water or mercury.
- the plant when using pure carbon as the material of the electrodes and water as the working fluid, the plant produces fullerenes of the formula G36 with a useful yield of 87%.
- Example 2 Obtaining micropowders with desired properties.
- the resulting micropowders have a composition determined by the material of the electrodes and the composition of the reacting working gas.
- the size of the microparticles is determined by the gas flow velocity and the distance from the arc to the injection point of the working fluid, at which the microparticle growth processes cease.
- a working fluid a fluid with inertness and anticoagulating properties is used.
- inertness means the property of the working fluid not to undergo any chemical changes under the influence of microparticles and not to enter into a chemical reaction with them.
- the working fluid should also prevent the coagulation of microparticles of powders with the formation of hard-to-break conglomerates.
- the following substances can be used as a working fluid: - fusible metals and alloys, for example, mercury, gallium, tin, cadmium or their alloy;
- Example 3 Obtaining new chemical compounds by the catalytic effect of microparticles on the working fluid.
- the material of the consumable electrodes is used as a catalyst, and the chemical substance in the form of a liquid or its vapor introduced into the injection chamber is used as the starting substance undergoing catalytic conversion.
- the material of the consumable electrodes evaporates in an electric arc in an inert or reaction gas. Evaporative products condense 'in the working chamber with the formation of active microparticles.
- the gas stream containing microparticles is cooled in a discharge chamber to a temperature that excludes thermal decomposition of the converted substance.
- a substance to be catalytically converted in liquid or gaseous form is introduced into the injection chamber.
- the microparticles and the substance are mixed and the starting material is converted to a new one.
- the resulting product which is a mixture of gas, microparticles from the working chamber, the starting material and synthesized compounds, enters the chamber to collect the obtained product, from where it is discharged to the receiving tank. bone.
Abstract
The invention relates to electric-arc devices. Said invention can be advantageously used for synthesising novel chemical compounds. The inventive electric-arc device comprises the sealed metal body of a reactor containing a working chamber, coaxial movable electrodes which are horizontally disposed and electrically connected to a power supply for generating arc, means for supplying a gas to the working chamber, water-cooled means for removing products from the working chamber, a bleeding pipe which is sealingly fixed to the reactor body and connected to means for separating and collecting a derived product and a gas cleaning means. The novelty of said device lies in that it additionally comprises a chamber (34) for introducing additional matters interacting with the products from the working chamber (17), a mixing chamber (37) and a chamber (38) connected to the bleeding pipe which are in series connected and are mounted in the reactor body (11) after means (32) for removing products from the working chamber (17).
Description
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°Β Arc installation
ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈTechnical field
ΠΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ- Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.The invention relates to electric arc installations. Most successfully, the present invention can be used to synthesize new chemical compounds.
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈState of the art
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π¨Π No 5227038 ΠΎΡ 21 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1991 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π΄ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΠ»Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±Ρ, ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ- ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ. Π Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ- ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΡΠ½Π°Π±ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°.The closest analogue of the claimed invention is an electric arc installation for producing fullerenes, described in U.S. Patent No. 5227038 dated July 21, 1991. The installation for producing fullerenes contains a sealed metal reactor vessel, in which an evaporative working chamber with horizontally aligned coaxial movable graphite electrodes is placed. The electrodes are electrically connected to an electric power source to create an electric arc. The installation also contains means for supplying inert gas to the working chamber in the form of a pipe with a bell located under the zone of the interelectrode gap. Above the interelectrode gap zone, a means was placed for removing products from the working chamber in the form of a massive pipe, enclosed around the perimeter by a spiral water-cooling coil. An outlet pipe is connected to the upper part of the housing and connected to a pipe for removing products from the working chamber. The outlet pipe outside the reactor vessel is connected to a device for circulating gas. This device comprises a gas collection tank equipped with a filter bag for separating and collecting fullerene microparticles removed from the working chamber of the reactor. A turbine is located behind the reservoir, which provides the supply of inert gas purified from fullerenes into the pipeline for supplying inert gas to the working chamber of the reactor.
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈ-
β ? β Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π°Π· Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.When the unit is operating in the working chamber, the carbon electrodes evaporate in an inert gas environment. Evaporated products are removed from the working chamber by a water-cooled product removal means. Formative -? - while the fullerenes are removed with a gas stream from the reactor vessel and captured by the device discussed above, the purified gas is returned back to the working chamber of the installation. The combustion of carbon electrodes is compensated by the drives of their movement.
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ.Π΅. ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΎ- Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π±Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.Thus, this setup provides only the production of fullerenes of one specific formula and cannot provide any other compounds, i.e. it has, like all other well-known electric-fan installations, very narrow functionality. The basis of the present invention was the task of developing an electric arc installation, which would be performed in such a way as to ensure the expansion of its functionality, thereby achieving the possibility of obtaining new compounds.
Π Π°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡDisclosure of invention
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»Ρ- Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π°, Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»- Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.The problem is solved in that in an electric arc installation containing a sealed metal reactor vessel in which the working chamber is located, horizontally located coaxial movable electrodes electrically connected to a power source to create an arc, means for supplying gas to the working chamber, as well as water-cooled means for removing products from the working chamber, a discharge pipe sealed to the reactor vessel, connected to means for separating and collecting the obtained product, as well as media gas purification, new is that in the reactor vessel behind the means for removing products from the working chamber are additionally made in series with each other, a chamber for introducing additional substances interacting with products from the working chamber, a mixing chamber, as well as a collection chamber the resulting product, which is associated with a discharge pipe.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅-
ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ .Thanks to this solution, products from the working chamber can interact with various substances, we wash it into the chamber for introducing additional substances, as a result of which the possibility of obtaining new compounds is provided.
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ.Further, the essence of the present invention is explained in more detail with specific examples of its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉList of Graphic Images
ΠΠ° ΡΠΈΠ³.1 ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊ-ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ; ΠΠ° ΡΠΈΠ³.2 ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅;Figure 1 presents a block diagram of the inventive electric arc installation; Figure 2 schematically shows the reactor of the installation, a longitudinal section;
ΠΠ° ΡΠΈΠ³.Π ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°;Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of reactor chambers;
ΠΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 1 (ΡΠΈΠ³.1), ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 2, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² 3, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ 4 Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ 5, ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° 6, ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ 7 ΠΈ 8 ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠ²Π°, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ 9 Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π° 10 Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Best embodiments The installation consists of a reactor 1 (Fig. 1), an alternating current source 2, an electrode drive 3, a receiving tank 4 for the obtained product, a gas separator 5, a circulation pump 6, purifiers 7 and 8 of the working gas and the blowing gas, respectively, of the tank 9 for the working fluid and means 10 for outputting the finished product, interconnected by pipelines.
Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡ 1 ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ 11 ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π³- Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° (ΡΠΈΠ³.2). ΠΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ 11 ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ
, Π·Π΅Ρ- ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ 12 ΠΈ 13 Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 14, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ° 15 ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ 11 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ 2 ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ 12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Ρ- ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½Ρ 16 ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 17, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² 16 ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ°. G Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ 12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ 18 ΠΈ 19 ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ-
Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π΄ΡΠ³Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ 12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ.The reactor 1 comprises a horizontally positioned thick-walled cylindrical split housing 11 made of ferromagnetic material (FIG. 2). The housing 11 consists of two mirrored cylindrical hollow halves 12 and 13 with flanges 14, between which an annular gasket 15 of electrical insulating material is installed. The housing 11 is connected to an AC source 2. Inside the halves 12 and 13 of the casing there are curly annular chamber-forming screens 16 of non-magnetic material. An annular working chamber 17 is formed in the center of the reactor vessel 11, which is formed by the inclined parts of the screens 16 and the internal end surfaces of the vessel. G of the inner side of the end walls of the halves 12 and 13 of the housing 11 are placed coil 18 and 19 of an electromagnet to create a magnetic field, stabilizing arcing electric arc during the operation of the reactor. In this case, the halves 12 and 13 of the housing made of ferramagnetic material are magnetic circuits.
Π ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅ 11 ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 1 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Ρ- ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ 20. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ 20 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 21 ΠΈ 22, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈ X-X ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π’ΡΡΠ±- ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ 21 ΠΈ 22 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 23 ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ
. ΠΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 21 ΠΈ 22 ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π²Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° 24 ΠΈ 25. ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ 24 Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 23. ΠΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ 25 Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
24 ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ 26 ΡΡΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 21 ΠΈ 22. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17 ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ 26 Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 21 ΠΈ 22, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 23 ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11. ΠΠ° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Ρ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 21 ΠΈ 22, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 17 , Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ 27 Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ 27 Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ 23, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17. ΠΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ 27 ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²- Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ 28 Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ 28 Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° 26 Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ 20 ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈ X-X Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄-
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 21 ΠΈ 22 ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² 20 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°Ρ
29 Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 30 ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ 3 ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² 20 ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅- Π»ΡΡ
31 ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊ 27 ΠΈ 28 Π½Π°Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17 Ρ Π·Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ 31 ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ 12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° (ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ)-In the housing 11 of the reactor 1, horizontally arranged coaxial expendable movable electrodes 20 are placed. The electrodes 20 are placed in the means for supplying gas to the working chamber 17. The means are made in the form of two tubular gas supply elements 21 and 22 located along the longitudinal axis XX of the cylindrical reactor body 11 . The tubular gas supply elements 21 and 22 are located in the end walls of the housing and are located with annular gaps 23 relative to them. Two disc-shaped gas manifolds 24 and 25 are located at the outer ends of each of the gas supply elements 21 and 22. The disc-shaped gas manifolds 24 are mounted on the end walls of the housing 11 and are connected to the annular gaps 23. The disc-shaped manifolds 25 are mounted on the disc-shaped collectors 24 and connected to the interior 26 tubular gas supply elements 21 and 22. Thus, the gas supply to the working chamber 17 is provided through coaxially located channels, which are formed by the internal spaces 26 of the gas supply yaschih elements 21 and 22, as well as the annular gap 23 between these elements and the walls of the housing 11. On the inner ends of the gas supplying members 21 and 22 located in the working chamber 17, fixed hollow cone nozzle with holes 27 at their vertices. The nozzles 27 perform the function of guide screens for gas entering through the annular channels 23, which is conventionally called the gas for blowing the walls of the working chamber 17. At the tops of the nozzles 27, conical nozzles 28 with openings at their apices are installed with a gap relative to them. The nozzles 28 perform the function of guide screens for gas entering through the internal spaces 26 of the gas supply elements, which is conventionally called the working gas. The electrodes 20 are located along the axis XX inside the gas driving elements 21 and 22 and are installed with the possibility of their movement towards each other in the axial direction. The outer ends of the electrodes 20 are placed in the guide bushings 29 with the annular sealing elements 30 and are connected with the actuators 3 of their movement. The inner ends of the electrodes 20 are placed in annular electric supplying electrode holders 31 and, passing through the holes of the conical nozzles 27 and 28 towards each other, they are located in the center of the working chamber 17 with a gap between their ends. The electrode holders 31 are electrically connected to their halves 12 and 13 of the housing (electrical connections are not shown in the drawings) -
ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17 ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 32 Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 32 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ- ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² 16. ΠΠ° Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ 33.On the periphery of the working chamber 17 there is a cooled annular chamber 32 for removing products from the working chamber. The discharge chamber 32 is formed by the vertical parts of the chamber-forming screens 16. On its walls are ring water cooling collectors 33.
ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 32 ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 34 Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 35 Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 34 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² 16 ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π² 14 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ 12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² 36. ΠΡΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 34 Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 37. Π‘ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 37 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎ- ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π² 14 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ 12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°.Along the periphery of the annular discharge chamber 32, there is an annular chamber 34 with nozzles or injectors 35 for introducing additional substances interacting with the products from the working chamber 17. The chamber 34 is formed by the ends of the vertical parts of the chamber-forming screens 16 and ring grooves in the initial parts of the flanges 14 of the halves 12 and 13 of the housing 11 reactors. The substance interacting with the products from the working chamber is supplied from the annular collectors 36. This substance may be in a liquid or gaseous state and is conventionally called a working fluid. An annular mixing chamber 37 is located around the periphery of the annular chamber 34 for introducing additional substances. The mixing chamber 37 is formed by annular rectangular cross-sectional grooves in the middle parts of the flanges 14 of the halves 12 and 13 of the reactor vessel 11.
ΠΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 37 ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 38 ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° 38 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅- Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π² 14 ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½
12 ΠΈ 13 ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° 38 ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ 4 Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. Π Π°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ 20 ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ³Π΅, Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ 'ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² . ΠΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 17, Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ. Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°- Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² 20, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π· ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ (Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅) ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°.Along the periphery of the annular mixing chamber 37 is an annular chamber 38 for collecting the obtained product. The collection chamber 38 is formed by annular rectangular cross-sectional grooves in the peripheral parts of the flanges 14 halves 12 and 13 of the vessel 11 of the reactor. The chamber 38 is connected by a discharge pipe with a receiving tank 4 for the finished product. Installation works as follows. Consumable electrodes 20 evaporate in an electric arc burning between the ends of the electrodes. The pairs of substances that make up the electrodes are mixed with the working gas in the working chamber 17, resulting in the formation of microparticles with desired properties and chemical composition. The chemical composition of microparticles is determined by both the composition of the consumable electrodes 20 and the composition of the working gas. In order for the vapors not to condense on the walls of the working chamber 17, a blowing gas is used, which differs (in the general case) from the working gas.
ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΄ΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17 Π² ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 22. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 22 ΠΎΡ Π΅Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 17 ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΆΠ»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 34, ΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ 35 Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΡ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ.Next, the mixture consisting of microparticles, working gas and blowing gas enters from the periphery of the inner toroidal volume of the working chamber 17 into the cooled annular chamber 22. Moving radially along the chamber 22 from its beginning to the periphery, the mixture of products from the working chamber 17 is cooled to the required temperature. Next, the cooled mixture enters the annular chamber 34, where the working fluid or its vapors are introduced through nozzles or injectors 35, where they are contacted with products from the working chamber.
ΠΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 34 ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ . ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ 37. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 37 ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ 38, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° 11 ΡΠ΅- Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ 4 .From the annular chamber 34, a mixture of products from the working chamber. and the additionally introduced substance enters the annular mixing chamber 37. Intensive mixing and interaction with each other takes place in the chamber 37. The resulting product is collected in an annular chamber 38, from where it is discharged from the reactor housing 11 by a discharge pipe into a receiving tank 4.
Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²- ΠΊΠΈ .
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ 1. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ².The expansion of the functionality of the inventive installation can be demonstrated on several specific examples of the production of various substances carried out according to the above generalized method of operation of the installation. Example 1. Obtaining fullerenes.
Π€ΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈ- ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ»Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ G36 Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ 87%.Fullerenes are obtained when using consumable electrodes as either pure carbon or carbon with additives. In this case, helium is used as the working gas. As a working fluid, a liquid is used in which fullerenes dissolve, but which is not subject to chemical changes under the action of microparticles, or a liquid with inertness and anticoagulating properties, such as water or mercury. In particular, when using pure carbon as the material of the electrodes and water as the working fluid, the plant produces fullerenes of the formula G36 with a useful yield of 87%.
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ 2. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡ- ΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Example 2. Obtaining micropowders with desired properties.
ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎ- ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΄- Π½ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π³Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°: - Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΡΡΡ, Π³Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π²;The resulting micropowders have a composition determined by the material of the electrodes and the composition of the reacting working gas. The size of the microparticles is determined by the gas flow velocity and the distance from the arc to the injection point of the working fluid, at which the microparticle growth processes cease. As a working fluid, a fluid with inertness and anticoagulating properties is used. In this case, inertness means the property of the working fluid not to undergo any chemical changes under the influence of microparticles and not to enter into a chemical reaction with them. The working fluid should also prevent the coagulation of microparticles of powders with the formation of hard-to-break conglomerates. The following substances can be used as a working fluid: - fusible metals and alloys, for example, mercury, gallium, tin, cadmium or their alloy;
- Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½, Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄;- saturated hydrocarbons or hydrogen halides, for example, octane, decane, carbon tetrachloride;
- ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
:- organometallic compounds. On the claimed installation was carried out tungsten micropowders under the following conditions:
- ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² - Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌ;- electrode material - tungsten;
- Π³Π°Π· - Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ;- gas - helium;
- ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ - ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π½; - ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ Π΄d ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠ° - 120 ΠΌΠΌ;- working fluid - octane; - distance from the arc dd injection points - 120 mm;
- ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° - 1000 ΠΌ3/ΠΌΠΈΠ½;- working gas flow rate - 1000 m 3 / min;
- ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊ - 150Π°.- working current - 150a.
β’ ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ 56 ΠΌΠΊΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ 3. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ. β’ Under these conditions, a tungsten powder with an average particle size of 56 ΞΌm was obtained. Example 3. Obtaining new chemical compounds by the catalytic effect of microparticles on the working fluid.
ΠΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ.It was established by experience that the microparticles obtained in the working chamber of the installation have high catalytic activity.
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±- ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠ°.When using the installation for the catalytic synthesis of new chemical compounds, the material of the consumable electrodes is used as a catalyst, and the chemical substance in the form of a liquid or its vapor introduced into the injection chamber is used as the starting substance undergoing catalytic conversion.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ³Π΅ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ 'Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°- Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΏΡΡΡΠΊΠ° Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈ- Π΄Π΅. Π ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π΅ΠΌ-
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ .The material of the consumable electrodes evaporates in an electric arc in an inert or reaction gas. Evaporative products condense 'in the working chamber with the formation of active microparticles. The gas stream containing microparticles is cooled in a discharge chamber to a temperature that excludes thermal decomposition of the converted substance. A substance to be catalytically converted in liquid or gaseous form is introduced into the injection chamber. In the mixing chamber, the microparticles and the substance are mixed and the starting material is converted to a new one. The resulting product, which is a mixture of gas, microparticles from the working chamber, the starting material and synthesized compounds, enters the chamber to collect the obtained product, from where it is discharged to the receiving tank. bone.
ΠΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΌΠΈ.The selection of new compounds from the resulting mixture is carried out by known methods.
Π Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
:In the inventive installation, the preparation of new compounds was carried out under the following conditions:
- ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² - ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄;- electrode material - carbon;
- Π³Π°Π· - Π³Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΉ;- gas - helium;
- ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ» 1. ΠΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ» ΠΎΡ 10 Π΄ΠΎ 30% ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 30 Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°- Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π° Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ .- the starting material to be converted xylene 1. When exposed to carbon particles on xylene from 10 to 30% of xylene was converted to new compounds. About 30 new compounds were revealed in the resulting mixture by chromatographic analysis, the specific determination of which requires additional studies. From the above specific examples of the implementation of the claimed invention for any specialist in this field, the possibility of its implementation with a simultaneous solution of the task is completely obvious. At the same time, it is also obvious that minor changes can be made during the implementation of the invention, which, however, will not go beyond its limits defined by the claims below.
ΠΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ .
Industrial applicability The inventive installation is simple in design and reliable in operation. With its help, a wide class of both known and new chemical compounds is obtained.
Claims
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΒ Claim
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Π³Π΅ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅- Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π°, ΠΎ Ρ Π» ΠΈ Ρ Π° Ρ Ρ Π° Ρ Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ΅ (11) ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (32) Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ (17) Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (34) Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ- ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ (17), ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (37), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° (38) ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.
An electric arc installation comprising a sealed metal reactor vessel in which a working chamber is located, horizontally aligned coaxial movable electrodes electrically connected to a power source for creating an arc, means for supplying gas to the working chamber, and also a water-cooled means for removing products from the working chamber, a discharge pipe hermetically connected to the reactor vessel, connected to means for separating and collecting the resulting product, as well as a gas purification means, such as The fact is that in the reactor vessel (11) behind the means (32) for removing products from the working chamber (17), additionally connected in series with each other, a chamber (34) for introducing additional substances interacting with the products from the working chamber (17) ), a mixing chamber (37), as well as a chamber (38) for collecting the resulting product, which is connected to the discharge pipe.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2004121545/15A RU2004121545A (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | ELECTRIC ARC |
| RU2004121545 | 2004-07-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006019329A1 true WO2006019329A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
Family
ID=35869575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU2004/000279 WO2006019329A1 (en) | 2004-07-15 | 2004-07-16 | Electric-arc device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| RU (1) | RU2004121545A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006019329A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9187328B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2015-11-17 | Isis Innovation Limited | Methods and apparatus for the production of carbon-containing materials |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5227038A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-07-13 | William Marsh Rice University | Electric arc process for making fullerenes |
| JPH07187632A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Nec Corp | Method for synthesizing embracing fullerene and device therefor |
| JPH08217430A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1996-08-27 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Producing apparatus of fullerenes |
| WO2002096800A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Job Joint S.R.L. | Method for producing fullerene-containing carbon and device for carrying out said method |
-
2004
- 2004-07-15 RU RU2004121545/15A patent/RU2004121545A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-16 WO PCT/RU2004/000279 patent/WO2006019329A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5227038A (en) * | 1991-10-04 | 1993-07-13 | William Marsh Rice University | Electric arc process for making fullerenes |
| JPH07187632A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Nec Corp | Method for synthesizing embracing fullerene and device therefor |
| JPH08217430A (en) * | 1995-02-13 | 1996-08-27 | Tokai Carbon Co Ltd | Producing apparatus of fullerenes |
| WO2002096800A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Job Joint S.R.L. | Method for producing fullerene-containing carbon and device for carrying out said method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9187328B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2015-11-17 | Isis Innovation Limited | Methods and apparatus for the production of carbon-containing materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2004121545A (en) | 2005-12-20 |
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