A Bone Fixator Background
The present invention relates to a bone fixator, for example of the type used to keep broken bones supported whilst they grow back together.
Prior Art
Bone fixators usually consist of a pair of blocks joined together with a shaft or screw thread. The distance between the blocks can be varied, e.g. by releasing a grub screw that secures each block to the shaft, or by rotating a screw thread which passes through a threaded aperture in one of the blocks. Each block is releasably secured to a pair of parallel wires that are driven into a bone, using a guide, by a surgeon. These parallel wires are called "K-wires".
Each block has a clamping plate to clamp the K-wires to the block. Alternatively the K- wires pass through a larger diameter aperture in the block and are secured by grub- screws.
A number of drawbacks exist with these known fixators. Firstly the K-wires need to be placed in the bone prior to fitting fixator blocks thereto. Subsequent to the K-wires having been fitted in the bone, it can be a fiddly task to fit the fixator blocks. Special tools may be needed to clamp the K-wires to the block. Alternatively clamps or grub
screws have been used. The, or each, block, clamp or grub screw adds to the mass of the fixator arrangement. This can add to the discomfort of the person wearing the fixator.
Another problem associated with existing fixators was that they required a number of metal parts, which were not radiolucent. The result was that these radio opaque parts blocked views on X-rays.
Another problem has been that the size of clamps and grub screws made it difficult to produce miniature fixators.
Also many known fixators were not torsionally stable - that is they were prone to twisting once fitted - this sometimes led to complications and extended the time required for broken bones to heal.
AN aim of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioned problems by providing an improved fixator.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a fixator comprising: a first fixator block, a second fixator block, a support structure linking the first and second blocks together at a variable distance, and a pair of K-wires passing
through an aperture in each block, one wire being supported such that its axis is at an angle with respect to the axis of other the other wire, both wires being substantially in at least one plane.
Preferably each pair of K-wires taper inwardly away from a block and cross over one another.
Advantageously said one wire of each pair is supported at an angle to the other in two planes.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a fixator comprising: a first fixator block, a second fixator block, a support structure linking the first and second blocks together at a variable distance, and at least one K-wire passing through an aperture in each block, said aperture being of a diameter to ensure the K-wire forms a friction fit within the aperture.
Preferably a pair of K-wires each pass through an aperture in each block.
It will be understood that one or more features of the first aspect of the present invention may be present in the second aspect of the present invention. Similarly it will be understood that one or more features of the second aspect of the present invention may be present in the first aspect of the present invention.
Preferably the support structure includes a threaded shaft having one end secured to a first block by a bearing allowing the shaft to rotate relative to the block, and the second block includes a threaded aperture through which the shaft passes, whereby rotation of the shaft varies the distance between the blocks. Preferably one or more guide pins extend from the first block and pass through apertures in the second block thereby allowing the second block apertures to slide along the, or each guide pin(s). The or each guide pins provide torsional stability to the fixator.
The first or second block may be formed from two sub-blocks joined together.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the drawings in which:
Brief Description of the Figures
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a fixator, and
Figure 2 shows a cross section view of Figure 1.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
Referring to the drawings there is shown a fixator 1. Fixator 1 has a first fixator block 2 and a second fixator block 3.
Extending from first block 2 is a threaded shaft 4 having one end 4A secured to the first block by a bearing collar 5. Bearing collar 5 is formed in a recess 2A in block 2, thereby allowing the shaft 4 to rotate relative to the block 2. As shown in the inset of Figure 2, the end 4A is a narrow projection which inserts into a narrow aperture 2B in block 2 with an annular collar 4B which engages in an annular recess 5A in collar 5 preventing withdrawal of shaft 4 from block 2.
Shaft 4 passes through a threaded aperture 3A in block 3, anά shaft 4 includes a slotted end 4C to receive a screwdriver whereby rotation of the shaft 4 varies the distance between the blocks2 and 3, with one block to be moved relative to another. It is understood that end 4C may take other forms than slotted, e.g. with a square profile, in order to rotate shaft 4 with a tool other than a normal screwdriver.
A pair of guide pins 6A, 6B extend from the first block 2 and pass through apertures 3B.3C in the second block 3 allowing the second block 3 to slide along the guide pins. Guide pins 6A, 6B give torsional stability to the fixator.
Shaft 4, and guide pins 6A, 6B provide a support structure linking the first and second blocks together at a variable distance.
A pair of K-wires 7A, 7B each pass through an aperture 8A, 8B in block 2, and a pair of K-wires 9A, 9B each pass through an aperture 10A, 10B in block 2. K-wires 7A, 7B and
9A, 9B are of a type well known in the art having a pointed end and threaded shaft as shown or a non-threaded shaft.
K-wire 7A is supported at an angle in relation to K-wire 7B in one plane as shown by arc "X" (see Figure 1), and K-wires 7A, 7B taper inwardly away from block 2 and cross over. K-wire 7A is supported at an angle in relation to K-wire 7B in a second plane as shown by arc "Y" (see Figure 2). Similarly K-wire 9A is supported at an angle in relation to K- wire 9B one plane as shown by arc "X" (see Figure 1), and K-wires 9A, 9B taper inwardly away from block 3 and cross over. K-wire 9A is supported at an angle in relation to K-wire 9B in a second plane as shown by arc "Y" (see Figure 2).
Apertures 8A, 8B and 10A, 10B are of a diameter to ensure the K-wires 7A, 7B and 9A, 9B form a friction fit within the aperture.
In use, the K-wires 7A, 7B and 9A, 9B can be drilled into bone (not shown) either side of a fracture or break or osteotomy. The blocks 2, 3 serve as drill guides so obviating the need for a separate drill guide. Because the K-wires 7A, 7B and 9A, 9B are tapered as described above, so the blocks 2, 3 cannot fall off their respective K-wires. Also because the K-wires 7A, 7B and 9A, 9B are each angled in two planes, so each block, as spaced by the threaded shaft and guide pins, creates a fixator with a secure structure which is torsionally stable.
Because the K-wires 7A, 7B and 9A, 9B are a friction fit in the apertures 8A, 8B and 10A, 10B of blocks 2 and 3, no grub screws or clamps are required to secure the block to the K-wires. This means that the fixator 1 can be made smaller if desired. The fixator is also much lighter than previous arrangements.
Blocks 2 and 3 are preferably formed from a synthetic plastics material making them radio lucent.
The pitch of threaded shaft 4 may be designed so that one turn of the shaft moves the blocks towards or away from each other by a predetermined distance. This ensures that a surgeon or physiotherapist is able to move the blocks by a known axial distance by turning a thread a specific amount.
The invention may take a form different to that specifically described above. For example the first or second block may be formed from two sub-blpcks joined together with each sub block having its own K-wires.
Also each pair of K-wires need not be supported in its block aperture with a friction fit, in which case the fixator will have one K-wire being supported at an angle in relation to the other K-wire in at least one plane. Thus according to an alternative to the first aspect of the present invention there is provided a fixator comprising: a first fixator block, a second fixator block, a support structure linking the first and second blocks together at a
variable distance, and a pair of K-wires passing through an aperture in each block, one wire being supported at an angle in relation to the other in at least one plane.
Similarly one K-wire need not be supported at an angle in relation to the other K-wire in at least one plane, but the fixator will have at least one K-wire passing through an aperture in each block, the aperture being of a diameter to ensure the K-wire forms a friction fit within the aperture. Thus according to an alternative to the second aspect of the invention there is provided a fixator comprising: a first fixator block, a second fixator block, a support structure linking the first and second blocks together at a variable distance, and at least one K-wire passing through an aperture in each block, said aperture being of a diameter to ensure the K-wire forms a friction fit within the aperture.
It will be appreciated that further modifications to the embodiments described, will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Similarly, where national law permits the invention extends to a method of therapy that employs the present invention and to a method of treating a broken bone or osteomy.