WO2005078677A1 - Method for recording, wirelessly relaying and processing multi-sensor signals - Google Patents

Method for recording, wirelessly relaying and processing multi-sensor signals Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005078677A1
WO2005078677A1 PCT/DE2005/000255 DE2005000255W WO2005078677A1 WO 2005078677 A1 WO2005078677 A1 WO 2005078677A1 DE 2005000255 W DE2005000255 W DE 2005000255W WO 2005078677 A1 WO2005078677 A1 WO 2005078677A1
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Prior art keywords
base station
data
sensors
sensor
network
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PCT/DE2005/000255
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter Becker
Dietmar Koops
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Gmc-I Gossen-Metrawatt Gmbh
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Publication of WO2005078677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005078677A1/en

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08CTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/0205Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
    • A61B5/02055Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/48Other medical applications
    • A61B5/4836Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods
    • A61B5/4839Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods combined with drug delivery
    • GPHYSICS
    • G16INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16HHEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0004Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
    • A61B5/0006ECG or EEG signals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0002Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
    • A61B5/0015Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
    • A61B5/0017Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system transmitting optical signals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement

Definitions

  • MSAN Multi Sensor Area Network
  • the task of the MSAN network (Fig. 1) is to attach several autonomous sensors Si (1), which are used to record physical measurements (2) (e.g. temperature, humidity, oxygen content, certification, etc.) to the object to be observed (3) are to be wirelessly networked with one another by means of radio transmission (5), to wirelessly transmit the measured value-specific algorithms to the sensors, to receive the pre-processed sensor data in a base station (4), to test them, to process them further, to visualize and to save them or to superordinate ones
  • Forward data processing systems (6) which can be connected either on site or via a telecommunications network (7) with network feed (8) in the distance.
  • the base station can be connected to the power supply both wired and wireless (9).
  • control data (10) are transmitted wirelessly from the base station to actuators (11) which have a direct effect on the state of the object (for example, shutting down a machine when a critical operating temperature is reached).
  • actuators (11) which have a direct effect on the state of the object (for example, shutting down a machine when a critical operating temperature is reached).
  • Integration of the object data in a higher-level data processing system for object management object data, object history, maintenance, care and service information as well as other master data
  • Areas of application for this process are in a wide variety of industries, e.g. Mechanical engineering (condition monitoring of rotating machines or driverless transport systems) or in medical technology (e.g. patient monitoring with several vital sensors).
  • the central element of the MSAN network are the sensors. They are the subject of a separate patent and are not described in detail here. The process description differs from application to application. In the concrete application for the invention, a medical application is assumed in which the object to be monitored is a human.
  • process phase 1 configuration and parameterization is carried out on a PC with the aid of computers.
  • the user can set the number of sensors and actuators and set the following for each individual sensor:
  • Base station can carry out a sensor status check g) Operating mode PA or DA h) Network identification code to avoid interference with other MSAN networks in the vicinity i) Patient identification code) Actuator identification (also includes h) and i »
  • the sensors are prepared and customized.
  • reusable sensor base bodies 10 are provided with a measurement-specific sensor / electronic unit (SEU) (2 1).
  • SEU measurement-specific sensor / electronic unit
  • the actual sensor (chip) (26), the transmitter and receiver unit (Rx / Tx) (27) and the energy supply by means of an inductively rechargeable battery (22) are located on the SEU.
  • the preconfigured sensor is now inserted in the sensor configuration box (SCB) (23), which is connected to a PC (6) on which the network configuration has been loaded.
  • the SCB includes a bi-directional IR interface (24) and an inductive charging device (25).
  • the SCB activates the sensor, carries out a complete functional test and reports the results of the functional test, including the battery charge status, to the PC. If all test data are in the green area, the sensor software is "downloaded" together with all parameterization and configuration data.
  • the actuators are usually miniaturized transmitter / receiver electronics units (30), signal conditioning with an optional D / A converter (3 1) that generates a standard control signal (analogue 4 ... 20 passive or active) or digital (35) for a servo or actuator (32) and a battery (12) for autonomous energy supply. These components are integrated in a compact actuator electronics unit (AEU) (34).
  • AEU compact actuator electronics unit
  • the actuators have a different fastening mechanism or base body (33) depending on the mounting location and the servo or actuator design.
  • radio transmission in the frequency band of 402-405 Mhz regulated for medical devices comes into question.
  • the transmission power is matched to the body-near environment and should not exceed 25uW with a target range of ⁇ 2m.
  • the transmission takes place according to standardized communication VITAL according to the norm ENV 13734/13735.
  • the radio transmission is activated or checked (5).
  • an activation signal is sent from the PC to the relevant sensor via the base station (4).
  • the sensor In the basic state, the sensor is always in the so-called DA mode (dormant active) to save energy.
  • the so-called BIST procedure (“built-in self-test") is activated in the sensor.
  • a self-examination is carried out by means of software, the test results including all software, Configuration and parameterization data sent back to the base station and from there to the PC. This is where the comparison with the original data takes place and, if the test is passed, the sensor is released for attachment.
  • Sample control signals are sent to the individual actuators via the MSAN network. The check is carried out either manually (e.g. by electrical measurement of the actuator control signal) or by tapping via the IR interface (24).
  • the final step is to transfer the monitoring parameters previously defined in the network configuration part to the remote monitoring device or the higher-level patient data acquisition system (electronic patient file).
  • the transmission technology must be selected and the base station configured.
  • the configuration can be fixed (a special, hard-wired station for the selected network, e.g. DECT, Bluetooth, GSM »or modular, i.e. the configuration is selected using software in the base station.
  • Process phase 2 is the actually interesting operating phase of the MSAN Network.
  • the illustration of the value creation network is shown in Fig. 4
  • the cascade control loop structure with the feedforward control known from control engineering can be clearly seen.
  • the quickest intervention takes place via the actuation of the actuators directly from the base station.
  • an insulin pump on the patient can intervene immediately.
  • the process is automatically registered by the base station and registered in the patient database via the IT network.
  • the body reactions to the automatically administered medication can be monitored and stored by the sensors. If a doctor is on site (nursing staff, family doctor or emergency doctor), he can download all the data that interests him from the base station via notebook or access the most important data directly via the display on the base station.
  • therapies initiated by the doctor can be immediately recorded offline and transmitted to the hospital. This means that vital measures can be initiated before the patient is admitted.
  • first aid or analysis of patient data can also be carried out via a care center or telemedicine service center
  • the MSAN network is not connected to a physically remote doctor, telemedicine center or hospital via an IT network. There is also no direct connection to a patient database. All data is stored offline in the base station or in the local PC. However, automatic monitoring is possible in this operating mode (e.g. while the patient is sleeping, important vital parameters are recorded, monitored and recorded by the MSAN network). The patient can be alerted to an alarm condition by optical and acoustic signals.
  • individual values can be monitored manually by specialist personnel. Should individual sensors or parameters be reconfigured due to a new treatment situation (e.g. more frequent measurement and transmission of Temperature values, other triggering thresholds for alarms), this can be done wirelessly via the base station or connected PC.
  • Fig. 5 shows a monitor how it can be used to advantage when using the invention in the field of patient monitoring.

Abstract

The invention concerns a method for recording, wirelessly relaying and processing multi-sensor signals for monitoring and/or influencing stationary and/or moving objects during which a number of autonomous sensors (1) that, for recording physical measured values (2), are mounted on an object (3) to be monitored and are linked to one another. Measured value-specific algorithms are wirelessly transmitted into the sensors, and preprocessed sensor data are received, prechecked, visually displayed and/or stored in a base station (4) and/or are relayed to at least one higher-order data processing system (6) that is connected either on-site or via a telecommunications network (7) to a network supply (8).

Description

BE SCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
Verfahren zur Erfassung, drahtlosen Weiterleitung und Verarbeitung von Multi- SensorsignalenProcess for the acquisition, wireless forwarding and processing of multi-sensor signals
Gegenstandobject
Verfahren zur Erfassung, drahtlosen Weiterleitung und Verarbeitung von Multi- Sensorsignalen (MSAN = Multi Sensor Area Network) zur Beobachtung und Beeinflussung von ortsfesten und ortveränderlichen ObjektenProcess for the acquisition, wireless forwarding and processing of multi-sensor signals (MSAN = Multi Sensor Area Network) for the observation and influencing of fixed and portable objects
Gesamtaufgabeoverall task
Aufgabe des MSAN Netzwerkes (Abb. 1) ist es, mehrere autonome Sensoren Si (1), die zur Erfassung von physikalischen Messwerten (2) (z.B. Temperatur, Feuchte, Sauerstoffgehalt, Beschleinigung etc.) an dem zu beobachtenden Objekt (3) angebracht sind, drahtlos d.h. mittels Funkübertragung (5) miteinander zu vernetzen, die messwertspezifischen Algorithmen in die Sensoren drahtlos zu übertragen die vorverarbeiteten Sensordaten in einer Basisstation (4) zu empfangen, zu prüfen, weiter zu verarbeiten, zu visualisieren und zu speichern bzw. an übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlagen (6) weiterzuleiten, die entweder Vorort oder über ein Telekommunikationsnetz (7) mit Netzeinspeisung (8) auch in der Ferne angeschlossen sein kann. Die Verbindung Basisstation zu Netzeinspeisung kann sowohl drahtgebunden wie auch drahtlos erfolgen (9). optional können die Ergebnisse der Sensordatenanalyse in der Basisstation im Sinn einer Kaskadenregelung auch zur Steuerung bzw. Regelung d.h. zur Beeinflussung des Zustands des zu beobachtenden Objekts herangezogen werden. Hierzu werden Steuerdaten (10) von der Basisstation drahtlos an Aktoren (11) übertragen, die unmittelbar auf den Objektzustand einwirken (z.B. Herunterfahren einer Maschine bei Erreichen einer kritischen Betriebstemperatur). Integration der Objektdaten in ein übergeordnetes Datenverarbeitungssystem zum Objektmanagement (Objektdaten, Objekthistorie, Wartung, Pflege und Service Informationen sowie andere Stammdaten) über eine definierte Datenschnittstelle (13) Anwendungsgebiete für dieses Verfahren liegen in den verschiedensten Branchen z.Bsp. Maschinenbau (Zustandüberwachung von rotierenden Maschinen oder fahrerlosen Transportsystemen) oder in der Medizintechnik (z.Bsp. Patientenüberwachung mit mehreren Vitalsensoren).The task of the MSAN network (Fig. 1) is to attach several autonomous sensors Si (1), which are used to record physical measurements (2) (e.g. temperature, humidity, oxygen content, certification, etc.) to the object to be observed (3) are to be wirelessly networked with one another by means of radio transmission (5), to wirelessly transmit the measured value-specific algorithms to the sensors, to receive the pre-processed sensor data in a base station (4), to test them, to process them further, to visualize and to save them or to superordinate ones Forward data processing systems (6), which can be connected either on site or via a telecommunications network (7) with network feed (8) in the distance. The base station can be connected to the power supply both wired and wireless (9). Optionally, the results of the sensor data analysis in the base station in the sense of a cascade control can also be used for control or regulation, ie for influencing the state of the object to be observed. For this purpose, control data (10) are transmitted wirelessly from the base station to actuators (11) which have a direct effect on the state of the object (for example, shutting down a machine when a critical operating temperature is reached). Integration of the object data in a higher-level data processing system for object management (object data, object history, maintenance, care and service information as well as other master data) via a defined data interface (13) Areas of application for this process are in a wide variety of industries, e.g. Mechanical engineering (condition monitoring of rotating machines or driverless transport systems) or in medical technology (e.g. patient monitoring with several vital sensors).
Einzelaufgabenindividual tasks
1. Verfahrensphase 1 (MSAN Netzkonfiguration & Parametrierung)1. Process phase 1 (MSAN network configuration & parameterization)
1. 1 Definition der Netzwerktopologie inklusive Netzwerkidentifikation und Objektname1. 1 Definition of the network topology including network identification and object name
1.2 Festlegung der zu erfassenden Mess- und Steuerwerte (2) (Typ, Anzahl)1.2 Definition of the measured and control values to be recorded (2) (type, number)
1.3 Festlegung der messwertspezifischen Vorverarbeitungsalgorithmen (40) und deren Parametrierung (4 1) sowie des Betriebsmodus - PA-Mode ("permanent active") : Sensor sendet mit eingestellter Abtastfrequenz - DA-Mode ("dormant active") :Sensor sendet erst nach Erfüllung eingestellter Bedingungen die Messwerte1.3 Determination of the measurement-specific preprocessing algorithms (40) and their parameterization (4 1) as well as the operating mode - PA mode ("permanently active"): Sensor sends with the set sampling frequency - DA mode ("dormant active"): Sensor only sends after completion set conditions the measured values
1.4 Individuelle Sensor- und Aktorkonfiguration inklusive Softwareladung1.4 Individual sensor and actuator configuration including software loading
1. 5 Energieversorgung der Sensoren und Aktoren (induktive Akkuladung)1. 5 power supply for sensors and actuators (inductive battery charging)
1.6 Prüfung und Verifikation der Sensoren und Aktoren durch IR-Schnittstelle1.6 Testing and verification of the sensors and actuators using the IR interface
1.7 A-priori-Netzwerkprüffung durch autonome "Built-in-selft-test" (BΙST)-Prozedur1.7 A priori network testing through autonomous "built-in-self-test" (B )ST) procedure
1.8 Anbringung der Sensoren und Aktoren am zu beobachtenden Objekt1.8 Attaching the sensors and actuators to the object to be observed
1.9 Individuelle Prüfung der Einzelsensoren/-aktoren am Objekt 1. 10. Prüfung des gesamten Netzwerkes am Objekt1.9 Individual testing of the individual sensors / actuators on the object 1. 10. Checking the entire network on the property
1. 11 Prüfung der Netzwerkbeobachtung durch Fernüberwachungseinrichtung1. 11 Checking the network monitoring by remote monitoring device
Im Fall einer Steuerung/Regelung zusätzliche AufgabeAdditional task in the case of control
1. 12 Festlegung der anzusteuernden Aktoren (11)1. 12 Definition of the actuators to be controlled (11)
1. 13 Parametrierung der Aktoren1. 13 Parameterization of the actuators
2. Verfahrenphase 2a (MSAN Netzbetrieb - offline (Inselbetrieb»2. Process phase 2a (MSAN network operation - offline (island operation »
2.1 Messbetrieb mit automatischer Überwachung des zu beobachtenden Objekts2.1 Measuring operation with automatic monitoring of the object to be observed
2.2 Messbetrieb mit manueller Überwachung einzelner Messwerte am zu beobachtenden Objekt (entweder via PC oder über Display mit Menütasten an der Basisstation)2.2 Measuring mode with manual monitoring of individual measured values on the object to be observed (either via PC or via display with menu buttons on the base station)
2.3 Messbetrieb mit umkonfigurieren und neu parametrieren einzelner Sensoren2.3 Measuring mode with reconfiguring and re-parameterizing individual sensors
3. Verfahrenphase 2b (MSAN Netzbetrieb - online)3. Process phase 2b (MSAN network operation - online)
3. 1 Wie 2.1 aber mit voller Integration im Echtzeitbetrieb in eine übergeordnete DV- Struktur für das Objektmanagement3. 1 Like 2.1 but with full integration in real time operation in a higher-level IT structure for object management
4. Autonome Selbstüberwachung während MSAN Betrieb4. Autonomous self-monitoring during MSAN operation
4.1 Überwachung der Energieversorgung einzelner Sensoren4.1 Monitoring the energy supply of individual sensors
4.2 Überwachung der Signalverarbeitung einzelner Sensoren 4.3 Plausibilitätskontrolle der empfangenen Messwerte einzelner Sensoren4.2 Monitoring the signal processing of individual sensors 4.3 Plausibility check of the received measured values from individual sensors
Lösungsolution
Zentrales Element des MSAN-Netzwerkes sind die Sensoren. Sie sind Gegenstand eines eigenen Patents und werden hier nicht näher beschrieben. Die Verfahrensbeschreibung ist von Anwendung zu Anwendung verschieden. In der konkret vorliegenden Erfindungsanmeldung wird von einer medizinischen Applikation ausgegangen, bei dem das zu überwachende Objekt ein Mensch ist.The central element of the MSAN network are the sensors. They are the subject of a separate patent and are not described in detail here. The process description differs from application to application. In the concrete application for the invention, a medical application is assumed in which the object to be monitored is a human.
In der Verfahrensphase 1 erfolgt rechnergestützt die Konfiguration und Parametrierung an einem PC. Der Nutzer kann die Anzahl der Sensoren und Aktoren festlegen und für jeden einzelnen Sensor folgendes festlegen:In process phase 1, configuration and parameterization is carried out on a PC with the aid of computers. The user can set the number of sensors and actuators and set the following for each individual sensor:
a)Physikalischer Messwert b) Untere Alarmschwelle c) Obere Alarmschwelle) Signalverarbeimngsprogramm (Algorithmus) e) Schwellwert(e), die zur Auslösung eines Alarms führen f) "Life Impuls" Zeitintervall, nach dem der Sensor einen Datenstring sendet, anhand dessen diea) Physical measured value b) Lower alarm threshold c) Upper alarm threshold) Signal processing program (algorithm) e) Threshold value (s) that trigger an alarm f) "Life impulse" Time interval after which the sensor sends a data string, based on which the
Basisstation eine Sensorzustandskontrolle durchführen kann g) Betriebsmodus PA oder DA h) Netzwerkidentifikationscode zur Vermeidung von Interferenzen mit anderen, in der Nähe befindlichen MSAN-Netzwerken i) Patientenidentifikationscode) Aktorkennung (beinhaltet auch h) und i»Base station can carry out a sensor status check g) Operating mode PA or DA h) Network identification code to avoid interference with other MSAN networks in the vicinity i) Patient identification code) Actuator identification (also includes h) and i »
Nach der Netzwerkkonfiguration erfolgt die Vorbereitung und Individualisierung der Sensoren. Hierzu werden wiederverwendbare Sensorgrundkörper (10) mit einer mess wertspezifischen SensorD/Elektronikeinheit (SEU) (2 1) versehen. Auf der SEU befindet sich der eigentliche Sensor(chip) (26), die SendeD und Empfangseinheit (Rx/Tx) (27) sowie die Energieversorgung mittels induktiv aufladbarem Akku (22). Der vorkonfigurierte Sensor wird nun in die Sensorkonfigurationsbox (SCB) (23) eingelegt, die mit einem PC (6) verbunden ist auf dem die Netzwerkkonfiguration geladen wurde. Die SCB beinhaltet eine Bi-direktionale IR-Schnittstelle (24) sowie eine induktive Ladeeinrichtung (25). Nach einlegen des Sensors aktiviert die SCB den Sensor, führt eine vollständige Funktionsprüfung durch und meldet, inklusive des Akkuladezustands, die Ergebnisse der Funktionsprüfung an den PC. Sind alle Prüfdaten im grünen Bereich, erfolgt der "Download" der Sensorsoftware nebst aller ParametrierD und Konfigurationsdaten .After the network configuration, the sensors are prepared and customized. For this purpose, reusable sensor base bodies (10) are provided with a measurement-specific sensor / electronic unit (SEU) (2 1). The actual sensor (chip) (26), the transmitter and receiver unit (Rx / Tx) (27) and the energy supply by means of an inductively rechargeable battery (22) are located on the SEU. The preconfigured sensor is now inserted in the sensor configuration box (SCB) (23), which is connected to a PC (6) on which the network configuration has been loaded. The SCB includes a bi-directional IR interface (24) and an inductive charging device (25). After inserting the sensor, the SCB activates the sensor, carries out a complete functional test and reports the results of the functional test, including the battery charge status, to the PC. If all test data are in the green area, the sensor software is "downloaded" together with all parameterization and configuration data.
Bei den Aktoren handelt es sich in der Regel um eine miniaturisierte Sende- /Empfangselektronikeinheiten (30), eine Signalkonditionierung mit optionalem D/AWandler (3 1), die ein Standard-Steuersignal (analog 4 ... 20 passiv oder aktiv) oder digital (35) für einen Servo- oder ein Stellglied (32) liefern sowie ein Akku (12) zur autonomen Energieversorgung. Diese Komponenten sind in einer kompakten Aktorelektronikeinheit (AEU) (34) integriert. Die Aktoren haben eine je nach Anbringungsort und Servo- bzw. Stellgliedausführung unterschiedliche Befestigungsmechanik bzw. Grundkörper (33).The actuators are usually miniaturized transmitter / receiver electronics units (30), signal conditioning with an optional D / A converter (3 1) that generates a standard control signal (analogue 4 ... 20 passive or active) or digital (35) for a servo or actuator (32) and a battery (12) for autonomous energy supply. These components are integrated in a compact actuator electronics unit (AEU) (34). The actuators have a different fastening mechanism or base body (33) depending on the mounting location and the servo or actuator design.
Als drahtloses Übertragungsverfahren kommt für Applikationen im Gesundheitswesen eine Funkübertragung im für Medizinprodukte reguliertem Frequenzband von 402-405 Mhz in Frage. Die Sendeleistung wird auf das körpernahe Umfeld abgestimmt und sollte bei einer Zielreichweite von < 2m nicht mehr als 25uW betragen. Die Übertragung erfolgt gemäß standardisierter Kommunikation VITAL nach der Norm ENV 13734/13735.As a wireless transmission method for applications in healthcare, radio transmission in the frequency band of 402-405 Mhz regulated for medical devices comes into question. The transmission power is matched to the body-near environment and should not exceed 25uW with a target range of <2m. The transmission takes place according to standardized communication VITAL according to the norm ENV 13734/13735.
Bevor der Sensor bzw. Aktor aus der SEU entnommen und am Patienten befestigt wird, erfolgt die Aktivierung bzw. Prüfung der Funkübertragung (5). Hierzu wird vom PC aus über die Basisstation (4) ein Aktivierungssignal an den betreffenden Sensor geschickt. Der Sensor befindet sich im Grundzustand immer im sog. DA-Modus (dormant active) um Energie zu sparen. Nachdem der Sensor empfangsbereit ist wird die sog. BIST- Prozedur ("built-in self-test") im Sensor aktiviert. Dabei wird mittels Software eine Selbstübe riifung durchgeführt, die Prüfergebnisse inkl. sämtlicher Software-, Konfigurations- und Parametrierdaten wieder an die Basisstation und von dort an den PC Übermittelt. Dort erfolgt der Vergleich mit den ursprünglichen Daten und bei bestandenem Test die Freigabe des Sensors zur Befestigung.Before the sensor or actuator is removed from the SEU and attached to the patient, the radio transmission is activated or checked (5). For this purpose, an activation signal is sent from the PC to the relevant sensor via the base station (4). In the basic state, the sensor is always in the so-called DA mode (dormant active) to save energy. After the sensor is ready to receive, the so-called BIST procedure ("built-in self-test") is activated in the sensor. A self-examination is carried out by means of software, the test results including all software, Configuration and parameterization data sent back to the base station and from there to the PC. This is where the comparison with the original data takes place and, if the test is passed, the sensor is released for attachment.
Sind alle Sensoren bzw. Aktoren so vorbereitet, erfolgt die sukzessive Prüfung der Einzelsensoren am Mensch. Dabei werden die empfangenen Daten entweder manuell durch Fachpersonal (z.B. der behandelnde Arzt) am PC-Bildschirm einer Kontrolle unterzogen oder aber die Daten werden anhand von Referenzdaten (z.B. EKG Datenbanksignaturen) automatisch auf Auffälligkeiten geprüft. Gleiches gilt für die Aktoren. Per PC werden Muster-Steuersignale (z.B. Sprungfunktion) über das MSAN- Netzwerk zu den einzelnen Aktoren gesandt. Die Überprüfung erfolgt entweder manuell (z.B. durch elektrische Messung des Stellgliedsteuersignals) oder durch Abgriff via IR- Schnittstelle (24).If all sensors or actuators are prepared in this way, the individual sensors are tested successively on humans. The received data is either checked manually by specialist staff (e.g. the attending doctor) on the PC screen or the data is automatically checked for abnormalities using reference data (e.g. EKG database signatures). The same applies to the actuators. Sample control signals (e.g. step function) are sent to the individual actuators via the MSAN network. The check is carried out either manually (e.g. by electrical measurement of the actuator control signal) or by tapping via the IR interface (24).
Nach der Anbringung und Überprüfung sämtlicher Sensoren und Aktoren mittels Software am PC erfolgt im letzten Schritt die Übertragung der zuvor im Netzwerkkonfigurationsteil festgelegten Überwachungsgrößen an die Fernüberwachungseinrichtung bzw. das übergeordnete Patientendatenerfassungssystem (elektronische Patientenakte).After attaching and checking all sensors and actuators using software on the PC, the final step is to transfer the monitoring parameters previously defined in the network configuration part to the remote monitoring device or the higher-level patient data acquisition system (electronic patient file).
Vor dem Beginn der eigentlichen MSAN-Netzwerkbetriebsphase muß noch festgelegt werden, wie die Patientenüberwachung stattzufinden hat: a) innerhalb eines definierten LAN-Bereichs wie z. Bsp. Krankenhaus, Haus b) in einer offenen Umgebung Je nach Einsatz ist das Übertragungstechnik auszuwählen und die Basisstation zu konfigurieren. Dabei kann die Konfiguration fest sein (eine spezielle, festverdrahtete Station für das gewählte Netzwerk z.B. DECT, Bluetooth, GSM» oder aber modular aufgebaut d.h. die Konfiguration wird mittels Software in der Basisstation angewählt.Before the actual MSAN network operation phase begins, it must be determined how patient monitoring should take place: a) within a defined LAN area, such as Eg hospital, house b) in an open environment Depending on the application, the transmission technology must be selected and the base station configured. The configuration can be fixed (a special, hard-wired station for the selected network, e.g. DECT, Bluetooth, GSM »or modular, i.e. the configuration is selected using software in the base station.
Mit diesem letzten Schritt ist die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette (5) geschlossen.With this last step, the entire value chain (5) is closed.
Die Verfahrensphase 2 ist die eigentlich interessante Betriebsphase des MSAN- Netzwerkes. Dabei zeigt die Darstellung des Wertschöpfungsnetzwerkes Abb. 4Process phase 2 is the actually interesting operating phase of the MSAN Network. The illustration of the value creation network is shown in Fig. 4
Deutlich zu erkennen ist die Kaskadenregelkreisstruktur mit der aus der Regelungstechnik bekannten Störgrößenaufschaltung. Der schnellste Eingriff erfolgt über die Ansteuerung der Aktoren direkt von der Basisstation. Werden z. Bsp. kritische Blutzuckerwerte überschritten, kann eine am Patienten befindliche Insulinpumpe sofort eingreifen. Der Vorgang wird von der Basisstation automatisch registriert und über das IT-Netzwerk in der Patientendatenbank registriert. Durch die Sensoren können die Körperreaktionen auf das automatisch verabreichte Medikament überwacht und gespeichert werden. Ist ein Arzt Vorort (Pflegepersonal, Haus- oder Notarzt), kann dieser alle ihn interessierenden Daten via Notebook von der Basisstation herunterladen oder über das Display an der Basisstation auf die wichtigsten Daten direkt zugreifen. Im Normalfall können vom Arzt eingeleiteten Therapien sofort offline erfasst und an das Krankenhaus übermittelt werden. Somit können lebenswichtige Maßnahmen vor Einlieferung des Patienten in die Wege geleitet werden.The cascade control loop structure with the feedforward control known from control engineering can be clearly seen. The quickest intervention takes place via the actuation of the actuators directly from the base station. Are z. For example, if critical blood sugar levels are exceeded, an insulin pump on the patient can intervene immediately. The process is automatically registered by the base station and registered in the patient database via the IT network. The body reactions to the automatically administered medication can be monitored and stored by the sensors. If a doctor is on site (nursing staff, family doctor or emergency doctor), he can download all the data that interests him from the base station via notebook or access the most important data directly via the display on the base station. Usually, therapies initiated by the doctor can be immediately recorded offline and transmitted to the hospital. This means that vital measures can be initiated before the patient is admitted.
Im Normalfall kann eine erste Hilfe oder Analyse von Patientendaten auch über ein Pflegezentrum bzw. Telemedizin-Servicecenter durchgeführt werdenNormally, first aid or analysis of patient data can also be carried out via a care center or telemedicine service center
In der Verfahrensphase 2a ist das MSAN-Netzwerk nicht über ein IT-Netz mit einem räumlich abgesetzten Arzt, Telemedizincenter oder Krankenhaus verbunden. Auch eine direkte Verbindung mit einer Patienten-Datenbank existiert nicht. Alle Daten werden offline in der Basisstation bzw. im lokalen PC gespeichert. Innerhalb dieser Betriebsart ist aber eine automatische Überwachung möglich (z.B. während der Patient schläft werden wichtige Vitalparameter vom MSAN-Netzwerk erfasst und überwacht sowie aufgezeichnet). Durch optische und akustische Signale kann der Patient auf einen Alarmzustand hingewiesen werden.In process phase 2a, the MSAN network is not connected to a physically remote doctor, telemedicine center or hospital via an IT network. There is also no direct connection to a patient database. All data is stored offline in the base station or in the local PC. However, automatic monitoring is possible in this operating mode (e.g. while the patient is sleeping, important vital parameters are recorded, monitored and recorded by the MSAN network). The patient can be alerted to an alarm condition by optical and acoustic signals.
Alternativ hierzu können vom Fachpersonal einzelne Werte manuell überwacht werden. Sollte aufgrund ein neuen Behandlungssituation einzelne Sensoren oder Parameter umkonfiguriert werden (z.B. häufigere Messung und Übertragung von Temperaturwerten-, andere Auslöseschwellen für Alarme), kann dies via Basisstation bzw. angeschlossenem PC drahtlos durchgeführt werden.Alternatively, individual values can be monitored manually by specialist personnel. Should individual sensors or parameters be reconfigured due to a new treatment situation (e.g. more frequent measurement and transmission of Temperature values, other triggering thresholds for alarms), this can be done wirelessly via the base station or connected PC.
In der Verfahrensphase 2b ist das gesamte MSAN-Netzwerk und somit die volle Regelungsstrategie aktiv. Damit können je nach Patientenzustand in schnellstmöglicher Zeit alle erforderlichen Maßnahmen eingeleitet werdenThe entire MSAN network and thus the full control strategy is active in process phase 2b. Depending on the patient's condition, all necessary measures can be initiated as quickly as possible
Da das gesamte Netzwerk auf die Validität der Sensorsignale angewiesen ist werden alle Netzwerkkomponenten (Sensoren, Aktoren, Übertragungsstrecken usw.) in frei zu wählenden bzw. einstellbaren Zeitintervallen mit Mustersequenzen und Prüfsignalen einem Test unterzogen. Dies ist in so fern kein Problem, da sehr viele Vitalparameter mit gemessen an heutigen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeiten niedrigen Taktfrequenzen übertragen und ausgewertet werden. Das Prinzip der BIST-Funktionen beruht auf der Injektion von definierten Signaturen am Anfang der Wertschöpfungskette (z.B. Sensoren) und der Messung der Antwortfunktion des gesamten Netzwerkes. Auch diese Technik entstammt der Systemtheorie bzw. der Regelungstechnik und bietet ein hohes Maß an Sicherheit.Since the entire network depends on the validity of the sensor signals, all network components (sensors, actuators, transmission links, etc.) are subjected to a test at freely selectable or adjustable time intervals with sample sequences and test signals. This is not a problem in so far, since a large number of vital parameters are transmitted and evaluated with low clock frequencies measured at today's processing speeds. The principle of the BIST functions is based on the injection of defined signatures at the beginning of the value chain (e.g. sensors) and the measurement of the response function of the entire network. This technology also comes from systems theory and control technology and offers a high degree of safety.
Abb. 5 zeigt eine Monitordarstellung, wie sie beim Einsatz der Erfindung im Bereich der Patientenüberwachung mit Vorteil eingesetzt werden kann. Fig. 5 shows a monitor how it can be used to advantage when using the invention in the field of patient monitoring.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Erfassung, drahtlosen Weiterleitung und Verarbeitung von Multi- Sensorsignalen zur Beobachtung und/oder Beeinflussung von ortsfesten und/oder ortveränderlichen Objekten, wobei mehrere autonome Sensoren (1), die zur Erfassung von physikalischen Meßwerten (2) an einem zu beobachtenden Objekt (3) angebracht sind, drahtlos miteinander vernetzt sind, meßwertspezifische Algorythmen in die Sensoren drahtlos übertragen werden und - vorverarbeitete Sensordaten in einer Basisstation (4) empfangen, vorgeprüft, verarbeitet, visualisiert und/oder gespeichert werden und/oder an mindestens eine übergeordnete Datenverarbeitungsanlage (6) weitergeleitet werden, die entweder vor Ort oder über ein Telekommunikationsnetz (7) mit Netzeinspeisung (8) angeschlossen ist.1. A method for detecting, wireless forwarding and processing of multi-sensor signals for the observation and / or influencing of fixed and / or changeable objects, wherein several autonomous sensors (1) for the detection of physical measured values (2) on an object to be observed (3) are attached, wirelessly networked with one another, measurement-specific algorithms are transmitted wirelessly to the sensors and - preprocessed sensor data are received, pre-checked, processed, visualized and / or stored in a base station (4) and / or to at least one higher-level data processing system ( 6) are forwarded, which is connected either on site or via a telecommunications network (7) with network feed (8).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindung zwischen der Basisstation und der Netzeinspeisung entweder drahtgebunden oder drahtlos erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between the base station and the network feed is either wired or wireless.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von den Sensoren (1) ermittelten Sensordaten einer Sensordatenanalyse in der Basisstation unterzogen werden und die Ergebnisse der Sensordatenanalyse in der Basisstation im Sinne einer Kaskadenregelung zur Steuerung und/oder Regelung im Sinne einer Beeinflussung des Zustandes des zu beobachtenden Objektes herangezogen werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor data determined by the sensors (1) are subjected to a sensor data analysis in the base station and the results of the sensor data analysis in the base station are used in the sense of a cascade control for control and / or regulation in the sense of influencing the state of the object to be observed ,
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuerdaten (10) von der Basisstation drahtlos an Aktoren (11) übertragen werden, die unmittelbar auf den Objektzustand einwirken.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the control data (10) are wirelessly transmitted from the base station to actuators (11) which act directly on the object state.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Objektdaten in ein übergeordnetes Datenverarbeitungssystem zum Objektmanagement (Objektdaten, Objekthistorie, Wartung, Pflege und Service, Informationen sowie andere Stammdaten) über eine definierte Datenschnittstelle integriert werden. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the object data are integrated into a higher-level data processing system for object management (object data, object history, maintenance, care and service, information and other master data) via a defined data interface.
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