WO2005070354A2 - Spinal arthroplasty device and method - Google Patents
Spinal arthroplasty device and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005070354A2 WO2005070354A2 PCT/US2005/000706 US2005000706W WO2005070354A2 WO 2005070354 A2 WO2005070354 A2 WO 2005070354A2 US 2005000706 W US2005000706 W US 2005000706W WO 2005070354 A2 WO2005070354 A2 WO 2005070354A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- joint
- artificial spinal
- artificial
- facet
- implant
- Prior art date
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- A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
- A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
- A61F2/4425—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient made of articulated components
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Definitions
- Embodiments of the invention relate generally to devices and methods for accomplishing spinal surgery, and more particularly in some embodiments, to spinal arthroplasty devices capable of being placed posteriorally into the vertebral disc space.
- spinal arthroplasty devices capable of being placed posteriorally into the vertebral disc space.
- Various implementations of the invention are envisioned, including use in total spine arthroplasty replacing, via a posterior approach, both the disc and facet functions of a natural spinal joint.
- BACKGROUND As is known the art, in the human anatomy, the spine is a generally flexible column that can take tensile and compressive loads, allows bending motion and provides a place of attachment for ribs, muscles and ligaments. Generally, the spine is divided into three sections: the cervical, the thoracic and the lumbar spine.
- Figure 1 illustrates schematically the lumbar spinal 1 and the sacrum regions 3 of a healthy, human spinal column.
- the sections of the spine are made up of individual bones called vertebrae and the vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs which are situated therebetween.
- Figure 2 illustrates a portion of the right side of a lumbar spinal region with a healthy intervertebral disc 5 disposed between two adjacent vertebrae 7, 9.
- the top vertebra may be referred to as the superior vertebra and the bottom one as the inferior vertebra.
- Each vertebra comprises a generally cylindrical body 7a, 9a, which is the primary area of weight bearing, and three bony processes, e.g., 7b, 7c, 7d (two of which are visible in Figure 2).
- processes 7b, 7c, 7d extend outwardly from vertebrae body 7 at circumferentially spaced locations.
- the processes among other functions, provide areas for muscle and ligament attachment.
- Neighboring vertebrae may move relative to each other via facet components 7e (Fig. 2), which extend from the cylindrical body of the vertebrae and are adapted to slide one over the other during bending to guide movement of the spine.
- facet components 7e Fig. 2
- a healthy intervertebral disc is shown in Figure 3.
- an intervertebral disc has 4 regions: a nucleus pulposus 11, a transition zone 13, an inner annulus fibrosis region 15 and an outer annulus fibrosis 17.
- the inner annulus fibrosis region 15 and the outer annulus fibrosis region 17 are made up of layers of a fibrous gristly material firmly attached to the vertebral bodies above and below it.
- the nucleus pulposus 11 is typically more hydrated in nature.
- the intervertebral discs are under constant muscular and/or gravitational pressure and generally are the first parts of the lumbar spine to show signs of "wear and tear". Facet joint degeneration is also common because the facet joints are in almost constant motion with the spine. In fact, facet joint degeneration and disc degeneration frequently occur together. Generally, although one may be the primary problem while the other is a secondary problem resulting from the altered mechanics of the spine, by the time surgical options are considered, both facet joint degeneration and disc degeneration typically have occurred.
- the altered mechanics of the facet joints and/or intervertebral disc may cause spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and degenerative scoliosis.
- spinal arthrodesis i.e., spine fusion
- the posterior procedures include in-situ fusion, posterior lateral instrumented fusion, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ("TLIF”) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion ("PLIF").
- TLIF transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
- PLIF posterior lumbar interbody fusion
- a first embodiment of this disclosure provides an artificial spinal joint for creating at least a portion of a coupling between a superior vertebra and an inferior vertebra.
- the artificial spinal joint may include an anterior joint replacement component and a bridge coupled to the anterior joint replacement that extends posteriorly from the anterior joint replacement. Additionally, a posterior joint replacement component may be coupled to the bridge as part of the artificial spinal joint.
- the artificial spinal joint includes an anterior joint replacement component with a left upper member, a left lower member that articulates with the left upper member, a right upper member, and a right lower member that articulates with the right upper member.
- the left lower member and the right lower member are each configured to connect to the other.
- this disclosure describes a method of implanting an artificial spinal joint.
- the method includes making an incision in a patient's back, removing at least a portion of spinal disc material from a spinal disc, the removing comprising accessing the disc material through the incision, and inserting an implant through the incision.
- an implant that replaces at least a portion of a disc and a facet joint is inserted.
- the embodiments disclosed may be useful for degenerative changes of the lumbar spine, post-traumatic, discogenic, facet pain or spondylolisthesis, and/or to maintain motion in multiple levels of the lumbar spine. Additional and alternative features, advantages, uses and embodiments are set forth in or will be apparent from the following description, drawings, and claims.
- Figure 1 is a side elevation schematic view of the lumbar spinal and the sacrum regions of a healthy, human spinal column.
- Figure 2 is a detailed perspective view showing a portion of the right side of the lumbar vertebrae shown in Figure 1 with a healthy disc disposed between two vertebrae.
- Figure 3 is a top perspective view of the intervertebral disc shown in Figure 2 illustrating the major portions of the disc.
- Figure 4 is a side exploded elevation view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing a first embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint constructed according to the principles of the disclosure.
- Figure 5 is an anterior elevation view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the superior, disc and inferior portions of the left and right halves of an assembled artificial intervertebral joint constructed according to the first embodiment of the disclosure.
- Figure 6 is a side elevation view of the right half of the artificial intervertebral joint shown in Figure 5.
- Figure 7A is a transverse, bottom-up-view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the superior portion of the artificial intervertebral joint illustrated in Figure 4.
- Figure 7B is a transverse, top-down- view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the inferior portion of the artificial intervertebral joint illustrated in Figure 4.
- Figure 8 is a transverse, bottom-up-view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing a second embodiment of a superior portion of an artificial intervertebral joint in which pedicle screws are used to assist in implantation.
- Figure 9 is a transverse, top-down-view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing a second embodiment of an inferior portion of an artificial intervertebral joint in which pedicle screws are used to assist in implantation.
- Figure 10 is a lateral view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the superior portion of the artificial intervertebral joint shown in Figure 8 with one of the pedicle screws being visible.
- Figure 11 is a lateral view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the inferior and integrated disc portions of an artificial integral intervertebral joint shown in Figure 9 with one of the pedicle screws being visible.
- Figure 12 is a posterior view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the superior portion of the artificial intervertebral joint shown in Figure 8 with two pedicle screws being visible.
- Figure 13 is a posterior view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the inferior portion of the artificial intervertebral joint shown in Figure 9 with two pedicle screws being visible.
- Figure 14 is a side elevation view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the second embodiment with pedicle screws in an assembled position.
- Figure 15 is a posterior view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing a third embodiment of the inferior, disc and superior portions of an artificial intervertebral joint in which tension bands are used.
- Figure 16 is a side elevation view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the third embodiment in which tension bands are used in an assembled position.
- Figure 17 is a transverse, bottom-up-view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the superior portion of a fourth embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint constructed according to the principles of the disclosure in which the facet joints are not replaced.
- Figure 18 is a transverse, top-down- view of a portion of a lumbar spine showing the inferior portion of the fourth embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint.
- FIG. 1 illustrate various embodiments of an artificial intervertebral joint for replacing an intervertebral disc or the combination of an intervertebral disc and at least one corresponding facet joint.
- Various embodiments of the artificial intervertebral joint according to the principles of the disclosure may be used for treating any of the problems that lend themselves to joint replacement including particularly, for example, degenerative changes of the lumbar spine, post-traumatic, discogenic, facet pain or spondylolisthesis and/or to maintain motion in multiple levels of the lumbar spine.
- Figures 4 - 7 illustrate a first exemplary embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint.
- each joint is composed of two arthroplasty halves, each of which has a spacer or disc 19 and a retaining portion 21.
- the retaining portion 21 includes a first retaining portion 21a and a second retaining portion 21b.
- the first retaining portion 21a is superior to (above) the second retaining portion 21b and the disc 19 is situated therebetween.
- the artificial intervertebral joint according to this exemplary embodiment has two halves for each of the first retaining portion and the second retaining portion, it should be understood that alternative embodiments may be implemented such that the artificial intervertebral joint has a single first retaining member, a single second retaining member and a single spacer.
- arthroplasties having a first retaining portion, a second retaining portion, and/or a disc which each consist of unequal sized halves or more than two components.
- the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b are situated between two adjacent vertebrae. More particularly, the first retaining portion may be situated along an inferior surface of the upper of the two adjacent vertebrae and the second retaining portion may be situated above a superior surface of the lower of the two adjacent vertebrae.
- the first retaining portion and second retaining portion are not limited to such an arrangement, and may be oriented in different positions and/or shaped differently than what is illustrated herein.
- the surfaces of the retaining portions 21a, 21b of the arthroplasty that contact the remaining end plates of the vertebrae may be coated with a beaded material or plasma sprayed to promote bony ingrowth and a firm connection therebetween.
- the surface to promote bone ingrowth may be a cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy with a titanium/calcium/phosphate double coating, a mesh surface, or any other effective surface finish.
- an adhesive or cement such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) may be used to fix all or a portion of the implants to one or both of the endplates.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- a significant portion of the outer annulus region 17 may be retained on the inferior portion of the end plate, which acts as a stop retaining the lower retaining portions in place until bone ingrowth occurs to firmly attach the retaining portions to their respective vertebrae ( Figure 4 only shows a portion of the outer annulus 17 that is retained).
- Figure 4 only shows a portion of the outer annulus 17 that is retained.
- pedicle screws may also be used for immediate fixation as described in more detail in connection with other embodiments discussed below.
- the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b are structured so as to retain the disc 19 therebetween.
- each of the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b may have a concave surface 21c which defines a space within which the disc 19 may be retained.
- the upper convex surface 19a of the disc 19 fits within the concavity defined by the concave surface 21c of the first retaining portion 21a and the lower convex surface 19b of the disc 19 fits within the concavity defined by the concave surface 21c of the second retaining portion 21b.
- Figure 5 illustrates an anterior view of an exemplary assembled artificial intervertebral joint with both arthroplasty halves in place
- Figure 6 shows a side view of the assembled artificial intervertebral joint shown in Figure 5.
- the disc 19 is retained between the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b. It should be understood that although the disc 19 may be held between the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b, the disc 19 is free to slidably move within the space defined by the corresponding surfaces 21a of the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b. In this manner, limited movement between the adjacent vertebrae is provided.
- the disc 19 is a separate component which is inserted between the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b.
- the spacer or disc 19 may be integrally formed with or integrated into in one or both of the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b.
- each of the retaining portions of the artificial intervertebral joint includes a first artificial facet component 23a and a second artificial facet component 23b.
- the first artificial facet component 23a has a face 25a
- the corresponding second artificial facet component 23b has a face 25b configured such that the face 25a matingly fits with the face 25b to stabilize adjacent vertebrae while preserving and guiding the mobility of each vertebrae with respect to the other vertebrae.
- Each set of the upper and lower retaining portions 21 a, 21b may have a pair of facet components 23a, 23b, which together define a facet joint.
- the left and right arthroplasties would define two adjacent facet joints when viewed from the posterior.
- the respective upper and lower retaining portions associated with the left and right halves of the arthroplasty may be completely independent from the other. That is, as shown in Figure 7A, for example, the first retaining portions 21a associated with each half are not in direct contact with each other. The same is true with respect to the second retaining portions 21 b shown in Figure 7B.
- the first retaining portions 21a of each half and/or at least a portion of the second retaining portions 21b of each half may directly contact and/or be connected to each other as described in more detail in connection with the discussion of Figures 17-18.
- the disc 19, the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b may be made of any appropriate material which will facilitate a connection that transmits compressive and tensile forces while providing for the aforementioned slidable motion in a generally transverse direction between each of the adjacent surfaces.
- the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b may be typically made from any metal or metal alloy suitable for surgical implants such as stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt chromium, or composite materials such as carbon fiber, or a plastic material such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or any other suitable materials.
- the disc may be made from plastic such as high molecular weight polyethylene or PEEK, or from ceramics, metal, and natural or synthetic fibers such as, but not limited to, carbon fiber, rubber, or other suitable materials.
- plastic such as high molecular weight polyethylene or PEEK
- ceramics such as, but not limited to, carbon fiber, rubber, or other suitable materials.
- the surfaces may be polished and/or coated to provide smooth surfaces.
- the surfaces may be polished metal.
- Figures 8-14 illustrate a second embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint. Only features that differ from the first embodiment are discussed in detail herein.
- securing components such as, for example, pedicle screws 27 are provided to provide a more secure and immediate connection between each of the first retaining portion 21a and/or the second retaining portion 21b to the corresponding vertebra.
- this embodiment illustrates a disc 19 which is integrated with one of the retaining portions, here lower retaining portion 21b.
- Disc 19 may be integrally formed from the same material as its retaining portion, but also may be separately formed from similar or dissimilar materials and permanently connected thereto to form an integral unit.
- the disc 19 and the retaining portions may be all formed from metal.
- Figures 15 and 16 illustrate a third embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint.
- additional securing components such as, for example, tension bands 31 are provided to supplement or replace the function of posterior ligaments that limit the mobility between adjacent vertebrae by securing the first retaining portion 21a to the second retaining portion 21b.
- posterior tension bands 31 may be provided by wrapping them around the corresponding pedicle screws 27 or other convenient attachment points.
- Figures 17 and 18 illustrate a fourth embodiment of an artificial intervertebral joint.
- the artificial intervertebral joint may have all of the features discussed above except for artificial facet components. In this embodiment, the natural facet joints remain.
- the Ugamentous tension band may also be left intact in some embodiments.
- this embodiment includes a specific example of an anterior midline connection between respective upper and lower retaining portions, which assists in maintaining the placement of the first retaining portion 21a and the second retaining portion 21b.
- Figures 17 and 18 illustrate that it is possible to provide a first retaining portion 21a with a lock and key type pattern which is complemented by the corresponding mating portion provided on the second retaining portion 21b. More particularly, one half of the first retaining portion 21a has an outer boundary with a U-shaped portion 35a while the other half of the corresponding first retaining portion 21a has an outer boundary with a protruding portion 35b, which fits into the U-shaped portion 35a. As a result, each half of the first retaining portion 21a, 21b may be maintained in a predetermined position.
- the upper or lower retaining portions may fit together and/or be connected in the interbody space, e.g., near their midline anterior portions, in any manner that facilitates implantation and/or assists in providing and/or retaining the joint in a generally stable, symmetrical configuration. It may be even more important to provide such connection between the lower retaining portions due to the inward forces provided by annulus 17 remaining on the inferior end plate as shown in Figure 18. A midline connection between the respective lower retaining portions will resist the force of the outer annulus tending to cause migration of the retaining portions toward the midline 37.
- each half of the artificial intervertebral joint may be generally symmetrical about the midline 37 of the vertebrae.
- these exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative and are not meant to be an exhaustive list of all possible designs, implementations, modifications, and uses of the invention.
- features described in connection with one embodiment of the disclosure may be used in conjunction with other embodiments, even if not explicitly stated above. While it should be readily apparent to a skilled artisan from the discussion above, a brief description of a suitable surgical procedure that may be used to implant the artificial joint is provided below.
- the artificial intervertebral joint may be implanted into a body using a posterior transforaminal approach similar to the known TLIF or PLIF procedures.
- an incision such as a midline incision, may be made in the patient's back and some or all of the affected disc and surrounding tissue may be removed via the foramina.
- the natural facet joints may be trimmed to make room for the artificial facet joints.
- the halves of the artificial intervertebral joint may be inserted piecewise through the left and right transforaminal openings, respectively.
- the pieces of the artificial joint may be completely separated or two or more of them may be tied or packaged together prior to insertion through the foramina by cloth or other materials known in the art.
- the lower retaining portions of each side of the artificial intervertebral joint are inserted such that they abut a corresponding portion of the annulus.
- the left and right halves of the retaining members are fitted together and held in place by the outer annulus.
- the remaining portion of the annulus may be in substantially the same place as it was prior to the procedure.
- the embodiment of the disclosure where the pedicle screws are implemented so as to be assured that the pieces of the artificial intervertebral joint remain in place. It should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the artificial joint could be implanted via an anterior approach or a combined anterior and posterior approach, although the advantages of a posterior procedure would be limited.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
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BRPI0506732-4A BRPI0506732A (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | artificial spinal joint, method for implanting it, and system for creating a coupling between an upper vertebra and a lower vertebra |
CN2005800048283A CN1917833B (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | Spinal arthroplasty device and method |
MXPA06007862A MXPA06007862A (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | Spinal arthroplasty device and method. |
CA002552341A CA2552341A1 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | Spinal arthroplasty device and method |
AU2005206133A AU2005206133B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | Spinal arthroplasty device and method |
JP2006549487A JP4589932B2 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | Spine arthroplasty device and method |
EP05705392A EP1711140B1 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2005-01-10 | Spinal arthroplasty device and method |
IL176680A IL176680A0 (en) | 2004-01-09 | 2006-07-03 | Spinal arthroplasty device and method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2005070278A2 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
WO2005070278A3 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
US7550010B2 (en) | 2009-06-23 |
US20050171609A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US20050171608A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
US20090259255A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
WO2005070354A3 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US20090254183A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
US20090254184A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
US8888852B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 |
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