WO2005067463A2 - Power distribution web node and power management process - Google Patents
Power distribution web node and power management process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005067463A2 WO2005067463A2 PCT/US2004/035760 US2004035760W WO2005067463A2 WO 2005067463 A2 WO2005067463 A2 WO 2005067463A2 US 2004035760 W US2004035760 W US 2004035760W WO 2005067463 A2 WO2005067463 A2 WO 2005067463A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power
- nodes
- management device
- logic unit
- primary
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/46—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
Definitions
- Batteries and alternators are usually used to provide power to the vehicle.
- the positive side of the power source is connected to fuse blocks that are located in the engine compartment or the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the fuse blocks serve as distribution points for power feed to devices, e.g., actuators, sensors and control elements.
- the fuse blocks also house the protection devices, circuit breakers and fuses, for the power feeds.
- the minus side of the power source is often connected to the metal components of the vehicle (body, chassis, engine block, etc.) which then serve as the ground return path from all of the active elements.
- Control of the devices in the vehicle to implement desired features is divided into controllers by function or by location (engine, navigation, passenger seat, driver seat, door, etc.).
- the controller in each of the zones shares information with other controllers using a shared-access serial bus.
- the bus usually follows an industry standard such as J1850, CAN, MOST. Multiple, independent busses may be used. In that case, one of the controllers acts as a gateway for information between the incompatible busses.
- Each make and model of vehicle tends to have a unique collection of controllers and devices. Vehicle manufactures also tend to use proprietary serial busses. As a result, each vehicle's EDS must be uniquely designed. Even though many signal wires have been saved by using serial busses, there is another opportunity to improve the efficiency of the EDS if power and ground distribution is dealt with as well.
- An alternative architecture introduces the idea of dividing the vehicle into geographic regions and locating a single controller for all of the features in that region.
- This architecture may also include the concept of smart peripherals to reduce the number of interconnections in localized areas of the vehicle.
- the smart peripherals use simple serial communication busses such as LIN to relay information from sensors to the zone controller or to accept actuator commands from the zone controller.
- the zone controllers also act as power and ground distribution points for the smart peripherals.
- junction block that can be located in various zones of the vehicle.
- the junction block provides a mechanical and electrical connection point for power, ground and communication for small devices that are used to interface to input and output devices.
- the junction block also provides over current protection devices for the small connected devices, and multiple power sources distributed at different levels within the system.
- Existing power, ground and control distribution architectures while offering elements of flexibility, still require vehicle specific wiring harnesses and rigid power distribution structure and control. Moreover, these existing structures have not addressed signal wiring complexity in localized areas. Thus there is needed a flexible power, ground and control distribution architecture for the entire vehicle that is also adaptable to localized areas of the vehicle.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a communication and power distribution architecture
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a node of the communication and power distribution architecture shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a detailed schematic illustration of a switch element of a node of the communication and power distribution architecture shown in FIG. 1 ; and [0015] FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the power on sequence for a communication and power distribution architecture.
- a power, ground and communication architecture utilizes hubs in place of zone controllers and fuse blocks.
- the architecture is particularly adapted for use in vehicles, such as automobiles and trucks, but may be adapted to numerous other applications.
- Each hub contains computing, communication and power distribution elements. Hubs may be connected to multiple other hubs to distribute communication and power in a freeform, web-type arrangement. Specific tree, bus or star arrangements are not required. Standardized wiring harness segments can be used to join the hubs and other control elements.
- Each of the strands in the web may be considered an independent point-to- point bus, isolated power line and ground path.
- Each of the hubs may contain computing capability to implement vehicle feature applications as well as the signaling devices, e.g., packet routers, circuit switches, and the like, and power protection devices, needed for communication and power distribution.
- the power distribution architecture may be joined with the intelligence and communication capability of the signaling network to provide enhanced fault management and communication.
- the power distribution and signaling network may be adapted to cooperate to monitor the power distribution medium, to detect and diagnose faults and to communicate this information to other controllers and other areas of the power distribution network.
- the web-type arrangement of the architecture allows potentially for dynamic rearrangement to effect repairs in the event of a power fault.
- the individual computing capability that may exist in the hubs or nodes and the communication infrastructure associated with the communication and power distribution architecture may be used to set the function and configuration of each hub or node. Such settings may be used both in current operation and as a default when subsequently powered on. However, when initially powered on no such initial conditions exist. When initially powered on during vehicle assembly, or when one or more nodes are replaced, or if the current configuration is lost, the architecture must be able to behave in a predictable, controlled manner to ensure all nodes receive power, are capable of communication and, if desired, programming. Further, the architecture must account for supplying power to the various loads distributed around the vehicle in a controlled manner to limit the possibility of instantaneous current overloads and voltage spikes.
- Voltage spikes can be a particular problem.
- the wiring connections of the vehicle, both between nodes and between the nodes and their respective loads represent a significant amount of inductance. From elemental electricity it is known that V-L ⁇ l/ ⁇ i, where L is inductance and ⁇ l/di is the change in current through the inductor over time period d ⁇ . Sudden current changes, for example, when charging a primary battery at a high amperage when the battery lead disconnects, can cause a condition known as "load dump,” characterized by very high voltages being propagated through the electrical distribution system. Similarly, were every load in a vehicle to suddenly start up at the first opportunity, load dump-like voltage spikes are likely to occur.
- FIG. 1 illustrates within a vehicle 10 a power, ground and communication architecture 100 that includes a plurality of hubs 105, 110 and 115.
- the hubs 105, 110 and 115 are joined by standardized wire harness segments in a web-type structure. While a plurality of the wire harness segments are shown in FIG. 1 and used to interconnect the hubs 105, 110 and 115, only one is identified as wire harness segment 120.
- wire harness segment 120 in either the singular or plural refers to the one or more wire harness segments used to interconnect the hubs 105, 110 and 115.
- the architecture 100 also includes a plurality of power sources such as batteries 125 and 130.
- Additional power sources such as generator/alternators, capacitors, fuel cells or other alternative power sources may be employed within the architecture 100.
- the specific types or numbers of power sources are not critical to the structure or function of the architecture 100.
- the hubs 105, 110 and 115 are configured to couple to one or more other hubs 105, 110 and 115 and to devices, one of which is shown as device 132, within the vehicle 10 via additional wire harness segments 120.
- the particular types of devices are also not critical to the structure or function of the architecture 100, and typical devices found on a vehicle such as sensors, actuators, controllers, and the like may be coupled to the hubs.
- an exemplary hub or node 200 may have a processor 202, including a control program stored either in an internal memory or in an associated memory providing central intelligence.
- the node or hub 200 has at least one switch for controlling power flow.
- the node or hub 200 may be configured with four bidirectional switches 204, 206, 208, 210 arranged in a star configuration. The structure of each switch 204, 206, 208, 210 is discussed in more detail below with respect to FIG. 3.
- Each of the switches 204, 206, 208, 210 may be off or configured to allow power to flow in and/or out.
- the ports 212, 213, 214, 215 are configured for interconnecting a hub with another hub.
- Each port 212-215 may have a power and ground connection and a communication connection 216.
- a dedicated communication unit (not depicted) may be disposed in the hub or node 200 and coupled to the communication connection 216, but may be a function of the processor 202.
- Loads 218, 220 can be connected to a low-side driver 222 or a high-side driver 224. Different combinations of low-side 218 and high-side 220 drivers may be disposed in various embodiments.
- a regulator 226 allows operation of the node 200 over a wide range of voltages, especially in the case of a standby mode using a lower voltage to conserve power and reduce damaging effects associated with high voltage conditions, such as metal migration in embedded semiconductors.
- a single port configuration may be used in connection with the hubs 105, 110 and 115 to connect hub-to-hub and hub-to-device.
- the hubs 105, 110 and 115 will have at least one connector cavity configured to mate with an end of a wire harness segment 120 for hub-to-hub connection.
- the power management device or hub 200 has an ports 212-215 for receiving electrical energy.
- the switches 204, 206, 208, 210 are particularly suited for receiving power as will be discussed further with respect to FIG. 3. When electrical energy is received at one of the ports 212-215 it is routed to a regulator 226.
- the processor 202 may then be activated.
- the processor 202 is able to determine whether the electrical energy received is primary power or secondary power. In one embodiment, the processor 202 determines this by monitoring a signal from the regulator 226. If the input voltage to the regulator 226 or the input control network 304 is determined to be in a range associated with primary power or in a range associated with secondary power, the processor 202 makes the appropriate determination. In another embodiment, the processor 202 may communicate with a power source (not shown) to determine if the power being received is primary or secondary power. Communications between elements of the overall communication and power distribution architecture are covered in more detail in the incorporated reference and are not discussed further. As discussed below, when one of the switches 204, 206, 208, 210 detects electrical energy, it configures itself as an input.
- the processor 202 determines the electrical energy is a secondary power source, it places the node in a standby mode, and waits either for further instructions via the data communication network or for a change in the power status.
- the standby mode involves turning off any of the switches 204, 206, 208, 210 not configured as inputs as well as turning off drivers 222, 224 and instructing the regulator 226 to reduce the operating voltage of the hub 2O0 for saving power.
- the processor places the node in an active mode.
- the active mode includes configuring the switches 204, 206, 208, 210 not already configured as inputs as outputs for routing power out one of the ports 212-215 to other connected nodes or hubs 105, 110, 115.
- the processor 202 acting as a communication unit, will typically wait in the active mode for instructions from a central power controller (not depicted).
- Operational instructions are received via the data network for directing the node 200 and the processor 202 to configure the ports 212-215 and for activating drivers 222, 224.
- the node 200 or the processor 202 thereof may be programmed to a number of pre-programmed operational modes that are set by the operational instructions.
- the operational mode may include falling back to the standby mode, remaining in the active mode or assuming several other operating modes.
- another mode may be a fault detection mode, where power and loads are variously pulsed off and on while monitoring current drain to determine shorts and opens. Should a problem be detected, a fault management mode may then change the routing of power to another path to circumvent the problem.
- Load sequencing allows initially powering on loads 218, 220 in a manner coordinated either by the processor 202 according to pre-determined instructions or when requested by the central controller. Additionally, overall power drain may be managed by sequentially power cycling non-critical devices, such as diagnostic units. Another operational mode may be a load shed mode. Load shed is useful in many circumstances, for example, one embodiment may temporarily turn off power to accessories such as the air conditioner when a substantial amount of power is needed for priority functions, such as rapid acceleration.
- the processor 202 again acting as a communication unit, may send the status of the hub 200 on either a periodic basis, an interrupt basis, or a polled basis.
- the elements of the node or hub 200 are known and available.
- the processor can be a simple microcontroller such as those available from Motorola, Inc, or another processor.
- the coding for the processor may be done in a high level language such as "C" and compiled for the processor or microcontroller used.
- the voltage regulator 226 is a commodity part available from a number of suppliers or may be designed from discrete components by one of ordinary skill in the art.
- the high-side and low-side switches 222, 224 are selected according to the load 218, 220 and may range from a simple transistor to an electro-mechanical relay.
- the bidirectional switches 204, 206, 208, 210 are discussed below.
- An exemplary switch 300 suitable for use in hub 200 has an in/out 1 connection 302 that is connected to both a sense and logic circuit 304 and a switch matrix 306.
- the switch 300 also has a power control circuit 308.
- the power control circuit 308 also has an optional current sensing circuit 310.
- the circuit 304 has power control inputs 312 and 314 for setting the direction of current flow.
- the power is switched by an input switch module 316 and an output switch module 318.
- the output switch module is connected to the in/out 2 connection 320.
- Connection 320 is part of a star connection of similar outputs of the other switch elements in the node 200.
- initial power applied to the in/out 1 connection 302 powers the sense and logic circuit 304.
- the sense and logic circuit 304 turns on the in switch module 316, supplying power to the in/out 2 connection and the regulator 226.
- the two switch modules 316, 318 are independently controllable and can be used to set the direction of current flow between in/out 1 302 and in/out 2 320.
- the transistors of the circuit are MMUN2211 devices from ON Semiconductor and the switch modules 316, 318 are BTS6143 devices from Siemens Corporation.
- FIG. 4 a flow chart of the power on sequence for a communication and power distribution architecture is discussed and described. The method details a way of sequentially starting a plurality of nodes 200 when no previous state data is available. This may be the case, for example, upon initial power up during manufacturing or after the introduction of one or more new nodes 200 in a repair situation. Power is applied 402 to a first node 200, generally the node closest to the power source, such as a battery 125, 130.
- the node 200 may then communicate with the power source to determine 404 the nature of the power, if the node 200 is not able to determine the power type on its own, as discussed above.
- the power may be one of at least two kinds, a primary power or a secondary power.
- the no branch of 406 is followed and the node 200 is placed 408 in a standby mode to await further instructions.
- the yes branch of 406 is followed.
- Power is routed 410 to another node of the network 100, generally a node downstream from the node closest to the battery 125, 130. It can be seen that this asynchronous application of power will rapidly cascade through a web-type network of the one shown in this embodiment.
- the node 200 communicates 412 with a controller, either a central controller or a processor 202 from one of the nodes to receive instructions for setting an operating state.
- the operating state will relate to powering 414 loads 218, 220 in a sequential or other predetermined manner.
- the communication capability of the node 200 may be used to communicate the condition of the node 200 as well as any fault or maintenance conditions determined on the periphery of the node 200.
- a central controller can use the power, ground and communication architecture 100 to power loads 218, 220 and others loads to reduce the instantaneous change in power supplied by the power distribution network, that may induce an undesirable load dump-like condition.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2006546983A JP2007516905A (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-10-26 | Power distribution network node and power management process |
DE112004002556T DE112004002556B4 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-10-26 | An energy management device, method for operating a power management device, method for sequentially starting nodes in a power distribution network, and vehicle |
CA 2549356 CA2549356A1 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-10-26 | Power distribution web node and power management process |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/747,790 | 2003-12-29 | ||
US10/747,790 US7176585B2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2003-12-29 | Power distribution web node and power management process |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005067463A2 true WO2005067463A2 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
WO2005067463A3 WO2005067463A3 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=34700795
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2004/035760 WO2005067463A2 (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2004-10-26 | Power distribution web node and power management process |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7176585B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2007516905A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2549356A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112004002556B4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005067463A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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US7614381B2 (en) * | 2003-03-28 | 2009-11-10 | Caterpillar Inc. | Power system with an integrated lubrication circuit |
US7307519B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-12-11 | Yazaki Corporation | Communication system and PLC network |
US7591653B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2009-09-22 | Aees, Inc. | Modular power distribution center |
US20090200864A1 (en) * | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-13 | Josef Maier | Chip on bus bar |
US8295950B1 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2012-10-23 | Jerry Lee Wordsworth | Intelligent power management system |
JP5186325B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2013-04-17 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Vehicle communication control system |
US8743705B2 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2014-06-03 | Digi International Inc. | Wireless mesh network node test array |
DE102012000957B4 (en) * | 2012-01-19 | 2021-03-25 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Wireless network with local power supply in aircraft |
CN105378587B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2019-12-17 | Trw汽车美国有限责任公司 | Optimized power supply architecture |
US9694769B2 (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2017-07-04 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Smart power distribution unit |
CA2936847C (en) * | 2014-01-19 | 2022-08-30 | VoltServer, Inc. | Digital power network method and apparatus |
JP2018024395A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2018-02-15 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | On-vehicle apparatus control system |
DE102017215137A1 (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-02-28 | Jungheinrich Aktiengesellschaft | Battery assembly for a vehicle |
JP7408944B2 (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2024-01-09 | マツダ株式会社 | Vehicle power system |
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US4593349A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1986-06-03 | Honeywell Information Systems Inc. | Power sequencer |
JP3299600B2 (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 2002-07-08 | マツダ株式会社 | Multiplex transmission equipment |
JP3183008B2 (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 2001-07-03 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Power supply system |
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DE19645944A1 (en) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Control unit for an electrical system |
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2003
- 2003-12-29 US US10/747,790 patent/US7176585B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-26 DE DE112004002556T patent/DE112004002556B4/en active Active
- 2004-10-26 WO PCT/US2004/035760 patent/WO2005067463A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-10-26 JP JP2006546983A patent/JP2007516905A/en active Pending
- 2004-10-26 CA CA 2549356 patent/CA2549356A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US6838783B2 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2005-01-04 | Siemens Vdo Automotive Corporation | Wake up system for electronic component supported on a vehicle |
US20050023898A1 (en) * | 2003-07-05 | 2005-02-03 | Gerhard Eckert | Device for prompting a controller |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112004002556T5 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
JP2007516905A (en) | 2007-06-28 |
WO2005067463A3 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
CA2549356A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
US20050140209A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
US7176585B2 (en) | 2007-02-13 |
DE112004002556B4 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
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