WO2005048856A1 - Implant dilatable pour le traitement d'os fracture and/ou d'os affaisse - Google Patents

Implant dilatable pour le traitement d'os fracture and/ou d'os affaisse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005048856A1
WO2005048856A1 PCT/EP2003/012518 EP0312518W WO2005048856A1 WO 2005048856 A1 WO2005048856 A1 WO 2005048856A1 EP 0312518 W EP0312518 W EP 0312518W WO 2005048856 A1 WO2005048856 A1 WO 2005048856A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
implant
tube
expansion
bone
expansion means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2003/012518
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jorrit-Jan Verlaan
Fetullah Cumhur Oner
Walfridus Johannes Augustinus Dhert
Eduard Duiveman
Original Assignee
Umc Utrecht Holding B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Umc Utrecht Holding B.V. filed Critical Umc Utrecht Holding B.V.
Priority to PCT/EP2003/012518 priority Critical patent/WO2005048856A1/fr
Priority to AU2003304546A priority patent/AU2003304546A1/en
Publication of WO2005048856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005048856A1/fr

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/885Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein
    • A61B17/8852Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc
    • A61B17/8858Tools for expanding or compacting bones or discs or cavities therein capable of being assembled or enlarged, or changing shape, inside the bone or disc laterally or radially expansible
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8805Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
    • A61B17/8811Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by the introducer tip, i.e. the part inserted into or onto the bone
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2/4455Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4611Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
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    • A61F2002/30235Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical tubular, e.g. sleeves
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30518Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements with possibility of relative movement between the prosthetic parts
    • A61F2002/3052Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements with possibility of relative movement between the prosthetic parts unrestrained in only one direction, e.g. moving unidirectionally
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30537Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable
    • A61F2002/3055Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for adjustable for adjusting length
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30579Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for with mechanically expandable devices, e.g. fixation devices
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    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30601Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for telescopic
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    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/44Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2002/448Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs comprising multiple adjacent spinal implants within the same intervertebral space or within the same vertebra, e.g. comprising two adjacent spinal implants
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    • A61F2/4603Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4625Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
    • A61F2002/4627Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
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Definitions

  • the proximal and distal cortical layers are called the proximal and distal endplates respectively; and the anterior and posterior cortical layers are called the anterior and posterior wall respectively.
  • the arches and processes projecting from the body are composed predominantly of cortical bone.
  • a vertebral compression fracture the bone of the vertebral body collapses. This may be caused by a trauma, osteoporosis, or other diseases, such as cancer.
  • Vertebroplasty and balloon vertebroplasty are recent procedures to treat the pain associated with vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis.
  • Vertebroplasty is an image-guided minimally invasive therapy used to stabilize and strengthen collapsed vertebral bodies and involves the injection of a bone cement, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) or a calcium phosphate cement, into the involved vertebral body under pressure.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • a calcium phosphate cement such as calcium phosphate cement
  • contrast fluid is forced in the balloons thereby increasingly obscuring parts of the field of interest in the vertebral body.
  • This problem is worsened when the balloons are not evenly aligned, as is often the case because of the initial placement inaccuracy, in the lateral fluoroscopic line of view.
  • the balloons have to be deflated to restore the visibility of the operation area which can be accompanied by a spontaneous repositioning of the balloons and a loss of reduction. Loss of reduction is also of concern in the interval between deflation and removal of the balloons and the setting of the injected bone cement.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide such a medical device by which the above drawbacks are obviated.
  • the present invention thus provides an expandable implant for treating fractured and/or collapsed bone, comprising a tube carrying an expansion member comprising expansion means for expanding the implant and creating a cavity, wherein said tube comprises at least one outlet for discharging a fill material within the created cavity, said implant comprising means for converting an axial movement of said tube relative to the expansion member in a controlled transverse movement of the expansion means.
  • the expandable implant according to the invention is in particular suitable for treating vertebral body fractures. After insertion of the implant within the collapsed vertebral body, the expansion means are expanded by axially moving the tube relative to the expansion member, thus forming a cavity within the collapsed bone.
  • the mechanism of converting an axial movement in a tranverse movement may be compared to the well-known mechanism found in an umbrella.
  • a fill material can directly be injected into the cavity, i.e. the device does not have to be removed prior to injection of the fill material.
  • the implant according to the invention thus provides an access route for the fill material, while simultaneously maintaining an optimal reduction of the bone deformation during setting of the fill material.
  • a considerable amount of reduction is lost since the intradiscal pressure and muscle tension force the fracture towards the initial unreduced position directly after removal of the balloons .
  • the expandable implant according to the invention does not have to be removed prior to injection of the fill material and thus forms an integral part of the reinforced bone after filling the cavity and setting of the fill material, the physiological properties of the fractured vertebral body are restored and a reliable three-dimensional stability is provided.
  • the expansion member comprises at least one pair of elongate expansion means, located on opposite sides of the tube and which in unexpanded state are aligned parallel to the tube, said expansion means having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is mounted to a sleeve surrounding said tube and the second end is mounted to the tube, such that the central portion of the elongate expansion means expands transversally to the tube by axially moving the tube relative to said sleeve.
  • the implant is inserted in unexpanded state, such that a relatively small passage through skin and bone is needed, thus minimizing damage to the bone and overlying tissues.
  • the implant is expanded, thereby displacing the fractured and collapsed bone and forming a cavity, which is then filled with the fill material which is directly injected through the tube and the outlets within the cavity.
  • the implant of the present invention can easily be applied and manipulated by the treating surgeon, i.e. the degree of expansion can be easily controlled by gently moving the tube relative to the expansion member.
  • the expansion means on opposite sides of the rod a substantially unidirectional expansion is achieved, i.e. a vertical expansion in the case of a vertebral body fracture, thus preventing unwanted displacement of fractured bone pieces in the direction of the spinal cord.
  • the implant further comprises locking means for fixating the expansion means in an expanded state.
  • the implant therefore further comprises means for unlocking the expansion means, such that the expansion of the implant is reversible.
  • the locking means comprise one or more recesses and one or more cooperating protrusions in the tube and the inside of the sleeve.
  • the elongate expansion means are flexible strips.
  • the elongate expansion means are flexible wires. Such flexible wires are easily mountable to the sleeve and easily expandable.
  • the implant according to the present invention may be implanted by a percutaneous and transpedicular approach to minimize damage to healthy tissue. Alternatively, if necessary, the implant may be implanted by open surgery, either transpedicularly or via an alternative posterolateral or anterior approach.
  • the implant may be made of any suitable biocompatible material, which is preferably visible with fluoroscopic or conventional radiological imaging under all circumstances.
  • the material is also MRI compatible to allow for detailed undistorted imaging of the fracture post-operatively and during follow-up.
  • suitable materials include stainless steel, titanium, cobalt- chromium or various alloys comprising these metals, polymers, such as polymers based upon polyethylene, polymethyl- methacrylate, Tefon, Dacron or carbon fibres.
  • the expandable implant of the present invention may be used to treat different types of fractures, such as, but not limited to, osteoporotic vertebral fractures as well as traumatic vertebral fractures or vertebral collapse caused by diseases, such as cancer.
  • the implant may be used in posterior interbody fusion procedures, and for treating bone fractures other than of the vertebra, such as tibial plateau fractures and distal radius fractures, calcaneus fractures and for femoral head collapse treatment.
  • the present invention further relates to an application device for applying the expandable implant as described above within the fractured and/or collapsed bone, comprising connection means for detachably holding the implant, means for reversibly expanding the implant, and filling means for providing the fill material.
  • the implant For inserting the implant into the fractured and/or collapsed bone the implant is attached to the application device such that the implant is fixated relative to the application device.
  • the implant is then inserted via a drilled passage through the cortical bone.
  • the implant is expanded by realizing an axial movement of the tube of the implant relative to the expansion member.
  • a fill material is injected through the tube by the filling means of the application device, and the implant is detached from the application device.
  • the application device further comprises orientation means for accurately holding the implant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the expandable implant according to the invention in unexpanded state (A) and expanded state (B) .
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the implant in unexpanded state (A) and expanded state (B) .
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the the implant according to the invention in unexpanded state (A) and expanded state (B) .
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a vertebra, wherein an implant according to the invention has been inserted (lateral view) .
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a vertebra comprising two implants of the invention (view from above) .
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of two vertebra, wherein the implant according to the invention has been positioned between the two vertebra, i.e. intervertebrally.
  • Figure 7 schematically shows the subsequent steps of attaching the implant of figure 2 to the application device of which a preferred embodiment is shown, expanding the implant and releasing the implant from the application device .
  • the implant 1 comprises a tube 2 having a central bore 3 and outlets 4 near the end of the tube for discharging a fill material within the cavity formed by the expandable implant within the fractured bone.
  • the fill material may be any appropriate material for injecting into the cavity formed, such as polymethyl-methacrylate bone cement or calcium phosphate bone cement or BMP's with appropriate carriers, autograft and/or allograft bone tissue etc.
  • the tube 2 carries an expansion member 5 comprising a pair of elongate flexible strips 6 located on opposite sides of the tube and having a first end 7 and a second end 8. In unexpanded state (A) the strips 6 are aligned parallel to the tube 2 thus occupying a relatively small volume.
  • the implant further comprises locking means for fixating the expansion means in an expanded state in order to prevent unwanted collapsing of the expansion means.
  • the locking means comprise several recesses 10 in the tube 2, forming a rack at one side of the tube 2, and a cooperating protrusion 11 inside the sleeve 9.
  • the expansion member 5 is rotatably mounted to the tube 2 for unlocking.
  • the tube thus can rotate around its longitudinal axis independent of the expansion member 5.
  • the mechanism by which the sleeve 9 is moved over the tube in the embodiment shown in figure 1 thus resembles the mechanism found in a rivet gun.
  • a latch 11 At the inside of the sleeve 9 is a latch 11 that cooperates with the recesses 10 forming the rack on the rod.
  • the tube 2 is axially moved relative to the expansion member the expansion member is locked by the cooperation of the latch and the recesses . Only after rotating the tube at least 90 degrees relative to the expansion member 5, the latch 11 will become unlocked and the sleeve 9 can be moved back. By rotating the tube back to the original postion the locking mechanism is enabled again.
  • the expansion of the implant is reversible and can easilly be controlled.
  • the relative movement of the sleeve 9 towards the end of the tube forces the flexible strips 6 in the curved position that is shown in Fig. IB, that is, the central part of the strips expands transversally to the longitudinal axis of the tube, thereby displacing the collapsed bone and creating a cavity.
  • the rack and latch mechanism holds the expandable strips in place after final positioning, and allows for changing the size of the formed cavity.
  • the central bore 3 connected to the outlets 4 of the tube allows cement to be injected within the cavity.
  • reinforced bone can be formed without any loss of reduction.
  • the elongate expandable members may also comprise several pairs of flexible wires 12, which are easily connectable to the tube 2 and to the sleeve 9. As shown in this figure three pairs of flexible wires may be used, for example for use in seriously unstable bone fractures.
  • the flexible wires are positioned on opposite sides of the tube 2 such the implant substantially expands in one direction (i.e. vertically in the case of a vertebral body fracture) .
  • the implant according to the invention may also comprise a tube 2, having a central bore and an outlet 4, wherein the expansion member 5 comprises a pair of jaws 13.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show the implant 1 of the invention positioned and expanded within a typical vertebral body 15. Generally, the percutaneous and transpedicular insertion of the implant will be achieved by the following steps.
  • a bilateral paramedian stab incision of the skin is performed followed by blunt muscle dissection using increasing diameter dilators.
  • the largest dilator will subsequently function as a cannula.
  • the entrance of the pedicle will be identified by fluoroscopy and pierced with an orthopaedic awl.
  • the last step will be to use a small diameter hand drill to create space in the vertebral body.
  • the implant can subsequently be implanted through the created pathway from skin to vertebral body.
  • two implants 1 are inserted in the collapsed vertebral body 15 through a transpedicular canal 16. In case the length of the implant appears to be too long after inserting the implant, part of the tube 2 extending from the vertebra may be cut off.
  • the implant of the invention may also be used as an interbody device for anterior support in interbody fusion procedures.
  • One or more implants 1 can for instance be introduced through a posterolateral approach into the disc space between two adjacent vertebra 15 where it is expanded and can at the same time be used as a delivery system for substances that accelerate and/or support interbody fusion such as calcium phosphate cements, allo- or autologous bone grafts and derivatives, or growth factors such as BMP's, in order to achieve anterior support and interbody fusion.
  • Figure 7 schematically show the steps of attaching the implant of figure 2 to the application device, expanding the implant to create a cavity within the fractured and/or collapsed bone and releasing the implant from the application device.
  • the implant 1 is held in the application device 20 by cooperation of the recesses 17 of the tube 2 and the protrusions 18 of the application device 20.
  • the tube 2 of the implant is subsequently moved in the direction of the arrow by pulling the handle 25 (Fig. 7B) .
  • the implant is herewith fixated in the application device by means of a pair of pins 21 on the application device which are received in the corresponding holes 22 in the sleeve 9 of the implant (Fig. 7C) .
  • These pins 21 simultaneously function as orientation means in order to ensure that the implant is properly orientated.
  • the implant After the implant has been inserted and positioned within the collapsed bone, the implant is expanded by pulling the tube 2 in the direction of the arrow, that is by achieving an axial movement of the tube 2 relative to the expansion member 5, whereby the expansion means expand (as shown in Fig 7D) .
  • the expansion may be reversed by achieving a rotation of the tube 2 relative to the expansion means 5 (as explained above) by means of rotating the handle 25 of the application device 20.
  • a bone cement is injected within the cavity and the implant 1 is detached from the application device 20 (Fig 7E) .
  • the application device further comprises a bore 27 for providing the fill material.
  • the application device may further comprise a grip 26 for holding and manipulating the application device.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un implant dilatable destiné au traitement d'un os fracturé et/ou affaissé. Ledit implant comporte un tube soutenant un élément de dilatation pourvu d'un dispositif de dilatation conçu pour dilater l'implant et créer une cavité, ledit tube comprenant au moins une sortie de décharge d'une matière de remplissage au sein de la cavité créée. Cet implant englobe un dispositif de conversion d'un mouvement axial dudit tube par rapport à l'élément de dilatation en un mouvement transversal régulé du dispositif de dilatation.
PCT/EP2003/012518 2003-11-10 2003-11-10 Implant dilatable pour le traitement d'os fracture and/ou d'os affaisse WO2005048856A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2003/012518 WO2005048856A1 (fr) 2003-11-10 2003-11-10 Implant dilatable pour le traitement d'os fracture and/ou d'os affaisse
AU2003304546A AU2003304546A1 (en) 2003-11-10 2003-11-10 Expandable implant for treating fractured and/or collapsed bone

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2003/012518 WO2005048856A1 (fr) 2003-11-10 2003-11-10 Implant dilatable pour le traitement d'os fracture and/ou d'os affaisse

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WO2005048856A1 true WO2005048856A1 (fr) 2005-06-02

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