WO2005048362A1 - Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode - Google Patents
Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005048362A1 WO2005048362A1 PCT/US2004/030246 US2004030246W WO2005048362A1 WO 2005048362 A1 WO2005048362 A1 WO 2005048362A1 US 2004030246 W US2004030246 W US 2004030246W WO 2005048362 A1 WO2005048362 A1 WO 2005048362A1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
- G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/68—Details of reflectors forming part of the light source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/147—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/147—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device
- F21S41/148—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device the main emission direction of the LED being perpendicular to the optical axis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0008—Reflectors for light sources providing for indirect lighting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0028—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
- G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
- G02B19/0066—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED in the form of an LED array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
- G02B19/0071—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source adapted to illuminate a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the source
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V7/00—Reflectors for light sources
- F21V7/0083—Array of reflectors for a cluster of light sources, e.g. arrangement of multiple light sources in one plane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S362/00—Illumination
- Y10S362/80—Light emitting diode
Definitions
- the invention relates to optical systems, and more particularly to a reflector system for collecting light from one or more light emitting diodes.
- LEDs are devices that emit light from a semiconductor junction.
- the light is emitted from an LED over a wide range of angles via the combination of carriers at the junction: the large emission angle for the LED light makes it more difficult to collect and direct the light for illuminating optical devices.
- the small size, long life and high optical efficiency typically in excess of 50% of electrical energy converted to optical energy, make the LED attractive as a light source for illuminating optical devices, such as displays, projection systems and the like. There is a need, therefore, for an approach to collecting and directing LED light with high efficiency while maintaining small size and low cost.
- One particular embodiment of the invention is directed to an illumination unit that has a first reflector comprising a reflecting surface formed as a surface of revolution about a first revolution axis.
- a first light emitting diode (LED) unit has a light emitting area emitting light about a first LED axis to the reflecting surface.
- the first LED axis is non- parallel to the first revolution axis and the light emitting area of the first LED unit is positioned substantially at a focus of the reflecting surface.
- Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a reflector unit for reflecting illumination light.
- the reflector unit has a reflector body having a body axis.
- the reflector body comprises a first reflecting surface conforming to a first surface of revolution about a first revolution axis and a second reflecting surface formed integrally with the first reflecting surface.
- the second reflecting surface conforms to a second surface of revolution about a second revolution axis.
- the first and second reflecting surfaces are positioned transversally about the body axis.
- FIG. 1A schematically illustrates a LED unit emitting light
- FIGs. IB and IC present Cartesian and polar graphs respectively showing radiation patterns for the LED unit illustrated in. FIG. 1A
- FIGs. 2 A -2C show schematic cross-sectional and perspective views of an embodiment of an illumination unit that includes a side reflector according to principles of the present invention
- FIGs. 3A-3C show schematic cross-sectional views of embodiments of illumination units that include solid side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIGs 4 A and 4B show schematic views of embodiments of illumination units that include side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 4C shows a schematic view of an embodiments of an illumination unit that includes multiple side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an illumination unit that includes multiple side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIGs. 6A - 6B schematically illustrate illumination units that include different numbers of side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIGs. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate another embodiment of an illumination unit according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 8A-8C show schematic cross-sectional views of embodiments of illumination units that include solid side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view of an illumination unit that includes multiple side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 10A schematically shows a perspective view of an illumination unit that includes multiple paraboloidal side reflectors according to principles of the present invention
- FIGs. 10B and IOC present calculated radiation patterns that are emitted from different embodiments of the illumination unit of FIG. 10 A
- FIG. 11A and 1 IB show schematic perspective views of experimental side reflector illumination units according to principles of the present invention
- FIG. 12A schematically illustrates a cross-sectional view through a reflective, on- axis collector used in modeling collector efficiency
- FIG. 12B schematically illustrates a light illumination unit having a reflective, on- axis light collector with four reflectors used in modeling collector efficiency. While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Detailed Description The present invention is applicable to optical systems and is more particularly applicable to light collection and management systems useful for illuminating a target with light from one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs with higher output power are becoming more available, which opens up new applications for LED illumination.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- LEDs typically emit light over a wide angle, and one of the challenges for the optical designer is to efficiently collect the light produced by an LED and direct the light to a selected target area. Another challenge is to package the LEDs effectively. This requires includes collecting of light from an assembly having multiple LEDs and directing the collected light to a given target area within a given acceptance cone. Furthermore, it is important that the light collection and direction system be capable of being produced in a small package.
- An example of an LED unit 100 is now described with reference to FIGs. lA-lC.
- the LED unit 100 includes an LED emitter area 102, typically formed from a semiconductor diode device on a substrate. LEDs are commonly encapsulated within an optically transmissive body that operates as a lens 104. One common lens shape for high power LEDs is a half-ball lens, with the emitter positioned at the center of the ball lens, as illustrated. Light 106 is emitted over a wide range of angles.
- the radiation pattern from a typical LED unit is shown in Cartesian co-ordinates in FIG. IB and in polar co-ordinates in FIG. IC. The radiation pattern is close to being Lambertian.
- the emission from the LED emitter 102 is typically symmetrical about the LED axis 108, corresponding to emission at 0°.
- the emitter area 102 is flat, so the LED axis is perpendicular to the flat emitter area 102. Where the radiation pattern is not symmetrical, the LED axis 108 corresponds to the average direction along which light is emitted from the emitter area 102.
- the half angle of the intensity of light emitted by the LED which is that angle at which the intensity has fallen off to one half of the maximum value, is about 65°.
- Light 206 is emitted by an LED unit 202 having an LED emitter area 203, and is reflected by a reflector 204.
- the LED unit 202 has an LED axis 208.
- the reflector 204 has a reflecting surface 210 whose shape conforms to at least a part of a surface of revolution about the reflector revolution axis 212.
- the reflecting surface 210 may, for example, conform to an ellipsoidal or a paraboloidal surface, or to some other type of surface of revolution.
- the light emitter area 203 is positioned close to, or at, a focus of the surface of revolution, on the revolution axis 212.
- the LED axis 208 is not parallel to the revolution axis 212.
- the illumination unit 250 schematically illustrated in FIG. 2C has an angle, ⁇ , between the LED axis 208 and the revolution axis 212.
- the angle, ⁇ is the minimum angle between the LED axis 208 and the revolution axis 212.
- the value of ⁇ is in the range 45° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90°, and may be in the range 60° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 90°.
- the LED axis 208 and revolution axis 212 may also be approximately perpendicular, where the angle ⁇ has a value of around 90°, as is illustrated in FIG. 2A.
- the reflected light 214 may be generally converging towards the axis 212, parallel to the axis 212 or may be diverging away from the axis 212.
- the reflector surface 210 may be formed of any suitable reflective material for reflecting light at the wavelength of light emitted by the LED unit 202.
- the reflector surface may be, for example, formed by multiple polymer layers whose thicknesses are selected to increase the reflectivity of the reflector surface 210.
- the reflector surface may be metalized, or may be coated with inorganic dielectric coatings.
- a perspective view of the illumination unit 200 is schematically shown in FIG. 2B.
- the reflecting surface 210 conforms to an ellipsoidal surface.
- the light 214 is directed by the reflecting surface to the target area 216.
- the LED unit 202 may be placed with the emitter 203 at one focus of the ellipsoidal surface.
- the reflected light 214 is, therefore, generally directed to the second focus of the ellipsoid.
- the target area 216 may be placed at the second focus of the ellipsoid.
- the target area is 216 any area that is desired to be illuminated with light from the LED unit 202.
- the target area may be the input aperture to a tunnel integrator or some other device for homogenizing the light. It will be appreciated that optical aberrations may be present, and so the reflected light may not be brought to an exact focus at the second focus of the ellipsoid, even if the emitting area is positioned exactly at the first focus.
- the reflector may be hollow, as illustrated in FIGs. 2A - 2C, or may be solid, for example as is now discussed with reference to FIGs. 3A-3C.
- An illumination unit 300 includes an LED unit 302 with an emitter 303a substantially at the focus of the reflector
- the LED axis 308 is perpendicular, or close to being perpendicular, to the reflector revolution axis 312.
- the reflector 304 includes a solid, transparent body 309 and a reflecting surface 310.
- the solid body 309 may be formed from any suitable transparent material, for example, from a molded polymer such as polycarbonate, cyclic olefin copolymers (COC), such as copolymers of ethylene and norbomene, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or the like.
- Light 306 from the LED unit 302 is reflected at the reflecting surface 310 and the reflected light 314 passes through the exit surface 316 of the body 309.
- the reflecting surface 310 may use any suitable type of reflecting material for reflecting the light.
- the reflecting surface 310 may be metalized or may use a multiple layer dielectric reflector.
- a multiple layer dielectric reflector may be formed using multiple layers of inorganic layers, or may be formed from a stack of polymer layers having alternating refractive indices.
- the transparent body 309 may be provided with a concave surface 311 concentric to the location of the LED emitting area 303a and LED unit 302 may be secured in this concave surface, for example using optical cement. This is convenient since the interface between the half-ball lens of the LED unit 302 and the transparent body 309 is index matched, at least partially, thus reducing refractive effects and reducing reflective losses.
- the solid body reflector 304 performs differently from a hollow reflector.
- the exit surface 316 of the solid body 309 provides a refracting surface that may be used to control direction of the reflected light 314. This gives the designer another degree of freedom to control the direction of the light exiting from the illumination unit 300.
- the exit surface 316 is flat and is substantially perpendicular to the revolution axis 312.
- a flat exit surface 316 need not be perpendicular to the revolution axis 312 and that the angle between the exit surface 316 and the revolution axis 312 may have some angle other than 90°,
- the exit surface 316 need not be flat.
- the exit surface may be faceted, for example as illustrated in FIG. 3B.
- the faceted exit surface 316a may include two or more facets so as to refract different reflected rays 314 in different directions.
- the exit surface may also be curved, for example as illustrated in FIG. 3C.
- the curved exit surface 316b acts as a lens and may act as a positive lens so as to add focusing power to the focusing power of the reflecting surface 310, or may act as a negative lens so as to subtract focusing power from the focusing power of the reflecting surface. It will be appreciated that exit surface need not be curved over its entire area, and that the exit surface may have a portion that is flat and a portion that is curved. Furthermore, different portions of the exit surface may be provided with different curves so that the different portions of the exit surface have different focusing powers. A number of reflectors and respective LED units may be packaged together so as to increase the amount of light emitted from the illumination unit.
- the side-illuminated reflector of the present invention provides some flexibility in reducing the package size while maintaining high light collection into a desired cone angle, as is now described with reference to FIGs. 4 A - 4C.
- FIG. 4A schematically shows an illumination unit 400 having a single reflector 404, with rays traced from the LED unit to the target area 410.
- the reflector 404 is shown to be semi-transparent so as to permit the viewer to see the traced rays 406.
- the reflector 404 is shown as a one-quarter ellipsoid. Since the LED unit maximally emits light in a direction approximately on the LED axis, those portions 404a of the reflector, farthest from the plane formed by the LED axis and the reflector axis and close to the bottom edge 408 of the reflector 404, reflect less light than those portions 404c close to the LED axis.
- FIG. 4B schematically illustrates an illur ⁇ ination unit 420 in which the reflector 424 is formed like reflector 404 but with portions 404a and 404b removed. This illuminates the target area 10 with less light 426 than the version illustrated in FIG. 4A, and so the total reflection efficiency for the reflector 424 is less.
- portions 404a and 404b are removed, multiple reflectors may be assembled together so as to illuminate the target with light within a desired cone angle, which increases the amount of light delivered to the target.
- FIG. 4C schematically illustrates an example of a multiple reflector illumination unit 440, having a reflector body 444 formed from six reflectors like reflector 424.
- the reflector body 444 may be formed in different ways, for example by assembling separate reflectors like reflector 424, or may be formed as an integrated unit.
- Some calculated illumination efficiencies are discussed below with respect to some specific examples.
- a cross-section through a multiple-reflector illumination unit 500 is schematically presented in FIG. 5.
- the illumination unit 500 has a reflector body 504 formed from two reflectors 504a and 504b with respective illumination LED units 502a and 502b.
- Each reflector 504a and 504b is formed with a reflecting surface 510a and 510b that conforms to a surface of revolution about its respective revolution axis 512a and 512b.
- the reflectors 504a and 504b may be, for example, ellipsoidal, paraboloidal, or some other shape.
- the respective LED units 502a and 502b transmit light 506a and 506b to the reflector 504a and 504b, which reflects the light 514a and 514b.
- the LED axes 508a and 508b are substantially perpendicular to their respective revolution axes 512a and 512b.
- the reflecting surfaces 510a and 510b are ellipsoidal, so that the reflected light 514a and 514b is mostly converged.
- the axes 512a and 512b are not parallel to teach other, so the reflected light 514a and 514b from each reflector 504a and 504b propagates in such directions so as to overlap.
- the axes 512a and 512b intersect at a position proximate the target area 516, so that the light 514a and 514b from each reflector 504a and 504b illuminates the target area 516.
- the reflector body 504 defines an axis 518 about which the reflectors 504a and
- the axes 512a and 512b intersect with the body axis 518 at the same intersection point and form the same angle to the body axis 518, although this need not be the case.
- the reflector body may include different numbers of reflectors. Some examples are schematically illustrated in FIGs. 6A-6C.
- the illumination unit 600 has a reflector body 604 formed from four reflectors 604a.
- Respective LED units 602 transmit light to the reflectors 604a for focusing to the target area 606.
- the illumination unit 620 has a reflector body 624 formed from eight reflectors 624a.
- Respective LED units 622 transmit light to the reflectors 624a for focusing to the target area 626.
- An illumination unit 640 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 6C, in which there are two tiers 648a and 648b of reflectors 644a.
- the first tier 648a is formed of a reflector body 644 having ten reflectors 644a disposed around an aperture 650.
- Respective LED units 642a produce light that is reflected by the reflectors 644a of the first tier 648 towards the target area 646.
- the second tier 648b is formed of a reflector body 654 having six reflectors 654a positioned together so as to direct light from respective LED units 642a through the aperture 648 towards the target area 646.
- the reflectors 644a of the first tier 648 may or may not be the same shape as the reflectors 654a of the second tier.
- the reflector need not direct converging light towards the target area, but may be used to direct generally collimated light towards the target area or to direct diverging light towards the target area. This may be achieved using, for example an ellipsoidal reflector with the LED unit disposed at a position other than the focus of the ellipsoid.
- an illumination unit 700 includes a LED unit 702 that directs light to a paraboloidal reflector 704: the reflected light 714 is somewhat diverged towards the target area 716.
- the LED unit 702 has an emitting area of 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm and emits light with a radiation pattern like that shown in FIGs. IB and IC. About 73% of the reflected light 714 is contained within a cone with a half angle of 5°.
- the illumination unit 700 may be made to have a small footprint, for example 24 mm x 12 mm x 12 mm.
- a cross-sectional view through an illumination unit 800 having a paraboloidal reflector 804 is schematically illustrated in FIG. 8A.
- the LED unit 802 directs light 806 to the reflecting surface 810.
- the LED unit 802 has an LED axis 808.
- the reflecting surface 810 has a shape that conforms to a paraboloid formed by rotating around the revolution axis 812.
- the light emitter area 803 is positioned close to, or at, a focus of the paraboloid, on the axis 812.
- the LED axis 808 is perpendicular to the revolution axis 812, although this is not a necessary condition.
- the reflected light 814 is generally collimated and propagates somewhat parallel to the axis 812.
- a paraboloidal reflector may be a hollow reflector or may be a solid body reflector.
- the illumination unit 820 includes a solid body reflector 824 that is illuminated by light 826 from an LED unit 822.
- the LED unit 822 has an LED axis 828 that is substantially perpendicular to the revolution axis 832.
- the light 834 reflected by the reflecting surface 830 propagates approximately parallel to the revolution axis.
- the solid body reflector 804 has an exit surface 836 which may be provided with different surface contours. In one embodiment, the exit surface 836 is flat and may perpendicular to the revolution axis. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- the exit surface 836 has a number of different facets 836a, 836b that refract the light 838 upon exiting the reflector 824.
- the facets 836a, 836b direct light from different portions of the exit surface 836 in different directions.
- the facet 836a may, for example, direct light 838 to overlap with the light from facet 836b.
- the exit surface may also be curved, for example as illustrated in FIG. 8C. Where the reflecting surface 830 is paraboloidal, the light 834 incident on the exit surface 846 somewhat collimated and parallel to the axis 832.
- the curved exit surface 846 may be used to converge the refracted light 848, as illustrated, or to diverge the refracted light 848.
- the exit surface 846 need not be curved over its entire area, and that the exit surface 846 may have a portion that is flat and a portion that is curved. Furthermore, different portions of the exit surface may be provided with different curves so that the different portions of the exit surface have different focusing powers.
- An example of a multiple-reflector illumination unit 900 is schematically presented in cross-sectional view in FIG. 9.
- the illumination unit 900 has a reflector body 904 formed from two reflectors 904a and 904b with respective illumination LED units 902a and 902b.
- Each reflector 904a and 904b is formed with a reflecting surface 910a and 910b that conforms to a surface of revolution about its respective reflector revolution axis 912a and 912b.
- the respective LED units 902a and 902b transmit light 906a and 906b to the reflector 904a and 904b, which reflects the light 914a and 914b.
- the 902b have respective LED axes 908a and 908b substantially perpendicular to their respective revolution axes 912a and 912b.
- the reflecting surfaces 910a and 910b are paraboloidal, so the reflected light 914a and 914b is substantially collimated and parallel to the respective axis 912a and 912b.
- the axes 912a and 912b are paraboloidal, so the reflected light 914a and 914b is substantially collimated and parallel to the respective axis 912a and 912b.
- the revolution axes 912a and 912b need not be parallel to teach other, however, and may be directed, for example, so that the light from each reflector 904a and 904b overlaps.
- FIG. 10 A Another example of a multiple reflector illumination unit 1000 is now described with reference to FIG. 10 A.
- the unit 1000 has a reflector 1004 that includes ten paraboloidal reflectors 1004a that substantially collimate the light from respective LED units 1002.
- the reflectors 1004a are arranged in a 5 x 2 regular array. In one particular embodiment, the reflector axes are parallel, so that the light from each reflector 1004a is somewhat collimated.
- the calculated illumination pattern from the illumination unit 1000 in the far field is shown in FIG. 10B.
- the separation between adjacent LED units 1002 is 10 mm and the far field pattern is calculated at lm.
- the radiation from each LED unit 1002 substantially overlaps in the far field to produce a spot having a 10° full cone angle (full angle, half maximum).
- the reflector axes are not parallel, but are arranged so as to spread the light from each LED unit away from the light emitted from adjacent emitters.
- the calculated radiation pattern shows that a generally rectangular area 1010 is illuminated. Spots 1012 of relatively high intensity correspond to light from each of the reflectors 1004a. To calculate the radiation pattern illustrated in FIG.
- the reflector body 1104 includes six reflectors 1104a.
- the reflector body 1 104 is formed on a reflector base 1106 and may be formed from metal, for example aluminum, or may be formed from a polymer, such as acrylic. The body may be formed to the correct shape using diamond turning, or may be molded if the body material is moldable.
- the reflector body 1104 may be coated with a reflective coating.
- the reflector body 1104 may be coated with an aluminum or silver reflective coating. The reflective coating may be selected so as to preferentially reflect light in a desired wavelength band.
- LED units 1102 are positioned next to their respective reflectors 1104a. Only one
- LED unit 1102 is shown in FIG. 11A, to allow the viewer to see the reflector body 1104. In FIG. 1 IB, all six LED units 1102 are shown mounted to the reflector base 1106 via LED mounting brackets 1108.
- the illumination efficiency was calculated for different types of illumination unit to compare the efficacy of an illumination unit of the present invention compared to conventional illumination units.
- the merit criteria included the collection of the maximum amount of light through an aperture 6.4 mm x 6.4 mm inside an acceptance cone of ⁇ 21°.
- the numerical evaluation of the merit criteria is the geometrical collection efficiency (GCE), which is the ratio of light intensity through the specific aperture and within the specific acceptance cone compared to the total intensity emitted from the LED.
- GCE geometrical collection efficiency
- the GCE is presented as normalized to the total light intensity emitted from one LED, even when analyzing multiple LED illumination units. Thus, where the GCE has a value of 300%, the GCE shows that the collected light efficiency is equal to three times the total light emitted by one LED.
- This figure of merit permits a consistent evaluation of different types of illumination units, and is independent of the number of LEDs used.
- the LED is assumed to have a radiation pattern like that shown in FIGs. IB and IC, and an emitting area 0.5 mm x 0.5 mm.
- Two types of light collector are analyzed in the examples provided below. The first is a reflective collector, in which the LED axis is parallel to the revolution axis, and the second is a reflective collector according to the present invention, with the LED axis non-parallel to the reflector axis.
- Example 1 - Reflective. On- Axis Collector A well-known approach to collecting light from an LED is to place an elliptical reflector around the LED, where the revolution axis is parallel to the LED axis, for example the illumination unit 1200 schematically illustrated in FIG. 12 A.
- the LED unit 1202 is positioned with the LED emitter 1203 on the reflector axis 1212.
- the LED unit 1202 is aligned with its axis parallel and coincident with the revolution axis 1212.
- the LED unit 1206 emits light 1206 that is reflected to the target area as reflected light 1214, and also emits light 1216 that is directly incident on the target area.
- the reflector 1204 has a reflecting surface 1210 that is formed as an ellipsoid around the axis 1212.
- the emitter 1203 is positioned at the first focal point of the ellipsoid, so that the reflected light 1214 and directly incident light 1216 is collected at a point close to the second focal point of the ellipsoid.
- the collection efficiency of such a system depends on the geometrical parameters of the ellipsoid and can be relatively high. For example, a single ellipsoid can have a collection efficiency of 81%.
- Four ellipsoidal reflector units like that shown in FIG. 12A can be assembled together as is schematically shown in FIG. 12B.
- the reflectors 1204 are relatively short in a dimension along the revolution axis so that adjacent reflectors 1204 can be placed in contact with each other, while still meeting the requirement of a ⁇ 21° cone incident at the target area 1216.
- the GCE of this arrangement is 130%. If portions of the reflectors 1204 are elongated along the revolution axis without interfering with adjacent reflectors 1204, the GCE of this illumination unit rises to about 160%.
- Example 2 - Side Reflector A side reflector is one in which the revolution axis is not parallel to the LED axis, examples of which have been discussed with respect to the present invention in FIGs. 2- 11. Where the reflectors have an ellipsoidal shape, the various embodiments of side reflector discussed have higher GCEs than for the on-axis reflective collector.
- the GCEs for side collectors have been calculated for collectors having different numbers of LED units, and where it was assumed in all cases that the LED axis was perpendicular to the revolution axis of the associated reflector. The results are listed in Table I, which also lists the values of GCE for the reflective, on-axis collector for comparison.
- the table also lists the number of the figure in which the particular embodiment is illustrated, hi all cases, it was assumed that the LED units each had an emitting area of 500 ⁇ m x 500 ⁇ m and had a half ball lens of radius 2.8 mm that was formed from PMMA.
- the reflective, on-axis collector is about as efficient as the side reflector when only one LED is used, the side reflector quickly gains an advantage when the number of LEDs is increased.
- the on-axis collector has a total GCE of about 160%, or about 40% per LED.
- a side reflector with four LEDs has total GCE of about 256%, corresponding to about 64% per LED.
- the side reflector also permits the illumination unit package to be made smaller than with an on-axis reflective approach.
- the on-axis reflector fits in a package 35 mm x 28 mm x 28 mm, compared with a package size of 20 mm x 11 mm x 22 mm for the side collector.
- the present description has concentrated mostly on ellipsoids and paraboloids, there is no restriction to using only these surfaces of revolution, and other types of surfaces of revolution may also be used.
- reflectors formed from these different surfaces of revolution may be hollow reflectors or may be solid reflectors. Accordingly, the present invention should not be considered limited to the particular examples described above, but rather should be understood to cover all aspects of the invention as fairly set out in the attached claims.
- Various modifications, equivalent processes, as well as numerous structures to which the present invention may be applicable will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art to which the present invention is directed upon review of the present specification. The claims are intended to cover such modifications and devices.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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KR1020067010767A KR101173319B1 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-09-16 | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode |
JP2006539471A JP4700009B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-09-16 | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diodes |
EP04784194A EP1690299A1 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-09-16 | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode |
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US10/701,201 | 2003-11-04 | ||
US10/701,201 US7070301B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2003-11-04 | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode |
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WO2005048362A1 true WO2005048362A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
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PCT/US2004/030246 WO2005048362A1 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2004-09-16 | Side reflector for illumination using light emitting diode |
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US (1) | US7070301B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1690299A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4700009B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101173319B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1879228A (en) |
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WO (1) | WO2005048362A1 (en) |
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US9719661B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-08-01 | Morpho | Lighting lens for biometric measurement device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1879228A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
JP2007511056A (en) | 2007-04-26 |
EP1690299A1 (en) | 2006-08-16 |
US7070301B2 (en) | 2006-07-04 |
JP4700009B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
US20050094401A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 |
KR101173319B1 (en) | 2012-08-10 |
KR20060135641A (en) | 2006-12-29 |
TW200524182A (en) | 2005-07-16 |
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