WO2005022979A2 - Drying apparatus - Google Patents
Drying apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005022979A2 WO2005022979A2 PCT/DE2004/001846 DE2004001846W WO2005022979A2 WO 2005022979 A2 WO2005022979 A2 WO 2005022979A2 DE 2004001846 W DE2004001846 W DE 2004001846W WO 2005022979 A2 WO2005022979 A2 WO 2005022979A2
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drying device
- drying
- electrodes
- moisture
- dried
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
- F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
- F26B17/1408—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material
- F26B17/1416—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas the gas being supplied and optionally extracted through ducts extending into the moving stack of material the ducts being half open or perforated and arranged horizontally
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
- A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
- A01F25/16—Arrangements in forage silos
- A01F25/22—Ventilating arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
Definitions
- the invention relates to a drying device as is known in practice for example as a grain dryer.
- the final moisture content of the material to be dried is an important parameter: the too high one
- Drying means an uneconomically high amount of energy and can possibly damage the items to be dried; In addition, excessive drying causes an undesirable reduction in the weight of the items to be dried, so that the items to be dried may lose value if they are paid for by weight. Too little drying, however, with too high a final moisture content of the items to be dried, for example, can lead to premature spoilage of the items in the case of food or feed.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a drying device which enables reliable determination of the degree of drying of the material to be dried with the simplest possible technical means and accordingly inexpensive design. This object is achieved by a drying device with the features of claim 1.
- the invention proposes to determine the degree of drying or the moisture content of the material to be dried by means of an electrical resistance measurement.
- the innovation is based on the consideration that the electrical resistance of the material to be dried also changes with different moisture content, so that, based on the electrical resistance measurement, a reliable statement about the
- the drying system can be constructed in a manner known per se, in a manner known per se, the material to be dried being the drying device from top to bottom and, in the process, several
- Moisture sensors can advantageously be arranged in at least three such drying levels, so that information about the course of the process is obtained and the entire drying device can accordingly be controlled advantageously and in a particularly economical manner in order to set the desired final moisture.
- the housing of the drying device itself can advantageously form one of the two required electrodes of a moisture sensor.
- both the structural outlay for the arrangement of one or more moisture sensors is reduced and, in addition, existing components of the drying device are used in this way for moisture measurement.
- this reduces the material costs for the moisture sensors and, on the other hand, means that an undesirably high flow resistance for the material to be dried is not brought about by the arrangement of a large number of electrodes in the flow path of the material to be dried.
- An automatic control or regulation can advantageously be provided which influences certain parameters of the drying device as a function of the measured values of the moisture sensor - or preferably a plurality of moisture sensors. For example, the blower output of the
- Drying device can be influenced, since in a manner known per se drying is preferably carried out by hot air or warm air, which is introduced into the material to be dried by means of a blower. Furthermore or alternatively, the temperature of this hot air or warm air can be influenced by the automatic control, and / or the temperature level in a specific area of the drying device can be influenced or kept at a predetermined value, and / or it can Discharge performance of the drying device can be influenced, for. B. by the conveying speed of conveyors, by opening or closing outlet cross-sections or the like, the throughput speed of the drying device and thus the dwell time of the material to be dried in the drying device can be influenced.
- Electrodes can preferably be provided, which extend across the housing of the drying device, so that particularly large measuring areas of the moisture sensors are realized, so that local measurement inaccuracies are compensated for and particularly reliable measurement results are obtained.
- the electrodes interfere as little as possible with the movement of the material to be dried within the drying device.
- they are preferably aerodynamically shaped and can, for example, be designed to be particularly narrow, for example with a lenticular cross section, or in a manner known per se in the form of a stream by means of an approximately drop-shaped cross section.
- elements are used as electrodes that are provided in the drying device anyway. In this way, it is possible to completely dispense with additional sensor elements which hinder the movement of the material to be dried. For example, from the
- Electrode type can be configured, while the other, corresponding electrode type can be formed by the silo housing.
- a drying effect which is as uniform as possible can preferably be brought about by the fact that air distributors arranged one above the other are laterally offset from one another. In this way, it is avoided that, for example, regular hot air chimneys are created within the material to be dried by the fact that identical air distributors, for example the supply air distributors for the heated supply air, are always arranged vertically one above the other. Seen over the entire height of the drying device, identical air distributors may be arranged exactly vertically one above the other, but according to the proposal it should be avoided that identical air distributors arranged directly one above the other are arranged vertically one above the other. “Directly one above the other” denotes the next adjacent levels in which air distributors of the same type are arranged, that is to say supply air or exhaust air distributors.
- Fig. 1 shows a first electrode arrangement in the embodiment of Fig. 1
- Fig. 2 shows a first electrode arrangement in the embodiment of Fig. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a second electrode arrangement in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
- Fig. 1, 1 designates a drying device which is upright, approximately silo-like and in which the material to be dried is fed in via a feed chute 2.
- the material to be dried passes through a large number of drying levels 3, with several air distributors being provided as supply air or exhaust air distributors 4 in each drying level, which are referred to as “supply air roof” or “exhaust air roof” due to their upward tapering shape.
- a first, comparatively small moisture sensor is located at the product inlet, immediately below the feed chute 2, where the focused beam of the material to be dried gets into the housing.
- This first moisture sensor is shown in more detail a. It has a first electrode, which is aligned approximately parallel to the inflowing, still very moist material to be dried, the second
- Electrode which also forms the second electrode for all of the moisture sensors mentioned below, is formed by the housing of the drying device itself.
- the dryer housing can represent the anode, while the other electrodes form the cathodes.
- the air distributors 4 form a multiplicity of electrodes, each arranged in one plane, so that in these two planes by measuring the electrical area over a large area
- the product moisture content of the items to be dried can be reliably determined by means of an electronic comparison based on the resistance measurement values obtained.
- Detail c shows the line connection of an air distributor 4 in order to transmit the measured values obtained from the electrode provided there to the electronic control 5.
- the details d and e show, in isolated representation, an air distributor 4 and the electrical contacting connected to this air distributor, so that this entire air distributor forms an electrode of a moisture sensor.
- the electronic controller 5 is also supplied with measured values about the warm air temperature and the outside air conditions (outside air temperature / outside air humidity), the electronic controller can on the one hand store complete documentation of the operating conditions so that, for example, the operating conditions can be traced for 90 days, and can also be taken into account of the various measured moisture values and the other data mentioned, the electronic control 5 operates the drying device in favor of a constant and optimally set final moisture.
- FIG. 2 a vertical section through the drying device 1 is shown on a larger scale than in FIG. 1, with three drying levels 3 shown, three levels being arranged one above the other within each drying level, in each of which several air distributors 4 are arranged next to one another.
- Air distributors as so-called supply air roofs 6 and those with minus Characterized air distributor are referred to as so-called exhaust roofs 7, due to their tapered design. Hot or warm air conveyed by a blower emerges from the supply air roofs 6 and comes into contact with the material to be dried, the exhaust air roofs 7 being cooled and co-cooled
- Some of the air distributors 4 can be used as electrodes for moisture sensors, for example in each case a supply air roof 6 or exhaust air roof 7 provided in a row next to one another, which then in each case enable the electrical resistance to be measured with the silo housing as the corresponding electrode.
- two air distributors 4 each form a moisture sensor without using the housing of the drying device as an electrode.
- FIG. 3 shows an alternative in the configuration of the electrodes:
- components which are already present such as the air distributors 4 which are required anyway, are not used exclusively for the configuration of the electrodes, but here two adjacent supply air roofs 6 are in each case upright
- Electrodes 8 form one electrode type, for example one cathode each, while the corresponding electrode type, namely the respective anode, are formed by air distributors 4 like the supply air roofs 6 shown.
- the housing of the drying device 2 can form the second electrode common to all electrodes 8.
- electrodes 8 of this type can be provided, each in pairs in an arrangement that differs from FIG. 3, a moisture sensor to be formed, one of these electrodes then forming the anode and the second the cathode of the moisture sensor.
- the data can be transmitted from the electronic control 5 to a further electronic data processing device such as a PC by means of a corresponding interface. Since this transmission can optionally also take place wirelessly or via a telephone line, interventions in the electronic control 5 can be carried out on the basis of these measured values, which can be seen elsewhere, so that the entire drying device 1 can be monitored remotely and, if necessary, the control can be intervened can be. In addition, the complete documentation can be saved in this way at a location remote from the drying device, so that the operating conditions of the drying device can also be traced over a long period in the past.
- the electronic control 5 can also be used to determine the product moisture when receiving the product, for example in a so-called “acceptance swamp”, regardless of its further function, namely the control of the drying process. In this way, the product quality and the Operating data of the drying device are documented so that the operation of the drying device can be certified.
Abstract
The invention relates to a drying apparatus (1) for agricultural products, particularly cereals such as corn, rape, grains, or sunflowers. The inventive drying apparatus comprises at least one moisture sensor for determining the moisture content of the drying material that is processed in the drying apparatus (1). Said moisture sensor is provided with two electrodes (6, 7, 8) and is embodied as a resistance sensor for determining the electrical resistance between the two electrodes.
Description
"Trockn u ngsvorrichtu ng""Drying device"
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Trocknungsvorrichtung wie sie aus der Praxis beispielsweise als Getreidetrockner bekannt ist.The invention relates to a drying device as is known in practice for example as a grain dryer.
Bei derartigen Vorrichtungen ist der Endfeuchtegehalt des Trocknungsgutes eine wesentliche Messgröße: Die zu starkeIn devices of this type, the final moisture content of the material to be dried is an important parameter: the too high one
Trocknung bedeutet einen unwirtschaftlich hohen Energieeinsatz und kann ggf. das Trocknungsgut schädigen; zudem bewirkt eine zu starke Trocknung eine unerwünschte Gewichtsreduzierung des Trocknungsgutes, so dass das Trocknungsgut ggf. an Wert verliert, wenn es nämlich nach Gewicht bezahlt wird. Eine zu geringe Trocknung mit einer zu hohen Endfeuchte des Trocknungsgutes hingegen kann beispielsweise bei Nahrungsoder Futtermitteln zu einem vorzeitigen Verderben des Gutes führen.Drying means an uneconomically high amount of energy and can possibly damage the items to be dried; In addition, excessive drying causes an undesirable reduction in the weight of the items to be dried, so that the items to be dried may lose value if they are paid for by weight. Too little drying, however, with too high a final moisture content of the items to be dried, for example, can lead to premature spoilage of the items in the case of food or feed.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Trocknungsvorrichtung anzugeben, die mit möglichst einfachen technischen Mitteln und dementsprechend preisgünstiger Ausgestaltung eine zuverlässige Bestimmung des Trocknungsgrades des Trock- nungsgutes ermöglicht.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Trocknungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention is based on the object of specifying a drying device which enables reliable determination of the degree of drying of the material to be dried with the simplest possible technical means and accordingly inexpensive design. This object is achieved by a drying device with the features of claim 1.
Die Erfindung schlägt mit anderen Worten vor, den Trocknungs- grad bzw. die Feuchte des Trocknungsgutes durch eine elektrische Widerstandsmessung zu bestimmen. Die Neuerung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass sich der elektrische Widerstand des Trocknungsgutes mit unterschiedlichem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt ebenfalls ändert, sodass aufgrund der elektrischen Widerstandsmessung eine zuverlässige Aussage über denIn other words, the invention proposes to determine the degree of drying or the moisture content of the material to be dried by means of an electrical resistance measurement. The innovation is based on the consideration that the electrical resistance of the material to be dried also changes with different moisture content, so that, based on the electrical resistance measurement, a reliable statement about the
Trocknungsgrad des Trocknungsgutes erzielbar ist.Degree of drying of the material to be dried is achievable.
Vorteilhaft kann in an sich bekannter Weise die Trocknungsanlage etwa siloartig aufgebaut sein, wobei das Trocknungsgut die Trocknungsvorrichtung von oben nach unten und dabei mehrereAdvantageously, the drying system can be constructed in a manner known per se, in a manner known per se, the material to be dried being the drying device from top to bottom and, in the process, several
Trocknungsebenen durchläuft. In wenigstens drei derartiger Trocknungsebenen können vorteilhaft Feuchtesensoren angeordnet sein, sodass eine Aussage über den Prozessverlauf erhalten wird und die gesamte Trocknungsvorrichtung dement- sprechend vorteilhaft und in besonders wirtschaftlicher Weise gesteuert werden kann, um die gewünschte Endfeuchte einzustellen.Passes through drying levels. Moisture sensors can advantageously be arranged in at least three such drying levels, so that information about the course of the process is obtained and the entire drying device can accordingly be controlled advantageously and in a particularly economical manner in order to set the desired final moisture.
Vorteilhaft kann das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung selbst eine der beiden benötigten Elektroden eines Feuchtigkeitssensors bilden. Auf diese Weise wird sowohl der bauliche Aufwand für die Anordnung eines oder mehrerer Feuchtigkeitssensoren verringert und zudem werden auf diese Weise ohnehin vorhandene Bauelemente der Trocknungsvorrichtung zur Feuchtemes- sung benutzt. Dies verringert einerseits die Materialkosten für die Feuchtesensoren und bedeutet andererseits, dass nicht etwa ein unerwünscht hoher Strömungswiderstand für das Trocknungsgut durch die Anordnung einer Vielzahl von Elektroden im Strömungsweg des Trocknungsgutes bewirkt wird.
Vorteilhaft kann eine automatische Steuerung bzw. Regelung vorgesehen sein, welche in Abhängigkeit von den Messwerten des Feuchtesensors - oder vorzugsweise mehrerer Feuchtesensoren - bestimmte Parameter der Trocknungsvorrichtung beeinflusst. So kann beispielsweise die Gebläseleistung derThe housing of the drying device itself can advantageously form one of the two required electrodes of a moisture sensor. In this way, both the structural outlay for the arrangement of one or more moisture sensors is reduced and, in addition, existing components of the drying device are used in this way for moisture measurement. On the one hand, this reduces the material costs for the moisture sensors and, on the other hand, means that an undesirably high flow resistance for the material to be dried is not brought about by the arrangement of a large number of electrodes in the flow path of the material to be dried. An automatic control or regulation can advantageously be provided which influences certain parameters of the drying device as a function of the measured values of the moisture sensor - or preferably a plurality of moisture sensors. For example, the blower output of the
Trocknungsvorrichtung beeinflusst werden, da in an sich bekannter Weise die Trocknung vorzugsweise durch Heißluft bzw. Warmluft erfolgt, die mittels eines Gebläses in das Trocknungsgut eingebracht wird. Weiterhin bzw. alternativ dazu kann die Temperatur dieser Heißluft bzw. Warmluft durch die automatische Regelung beeinflusst werden, und / oder es kann das Temperaturniveau in einem bestimmten Bereich der Trocknungsvorrichtung beeinflusst werden bzw. auf einen vorgegebenen Wert gehalten werden, und / oder es kann die Austragsleis- tung der Trocknungsvorrichtung beeinflusst werden, z. B. indem durch die Fördergeschwindigkeit von Fördereinrichtungen, durch das Öffnen oder Schließen von Auslassquerschnitten oder dergleichen die Durchsatzgeschwindigkeit der Trocknungsvorrichtung und damit die Verweildauer des Trocknungsgutes in der Trocknungsvorrichtung beeinflusst werden kann.Drying device can be influenced, since in a manner known per se drying is preferably carried out by hot air or warm air, which is introduced into the material to be dried by means of a blower. Furthermore or alternatively, the temperature of this hot air or warm air can be influenced by the automatic control, and / or the temperature level in a specific area of the drying device can be influenced or kept at a predetermined value, and / or it can Discharge performance of the drying device can be influenced, for. B. by the conveying speed of conveyors, by opening or closing outlet cross-sections or the like, the throughput speed of the drying device and thus the dwell time of the material to be dried in the drying device can be influenced.
Vorzugsweise können Elektroden vorgesehen sein, die sich quer durch das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung erstrecken, sodass besonders große Messflächen der Feuchtesensoren ver- wirklicht werden, sodass hierdurch lokale Messungenauigkeiten ausgeglichen und besonders zuverlässige Messergebnisse erhalten werden.Electrodes can preferably be provided, which extend across the housing of the drying device, so that particularly large measuring areas of the moisture sensors are realized, so that local measurement inaccuracies are compensated for and particularly reliable measurement results are obtained.
Dabei ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Elektroden die Bewegung des Trocknungsgutes innerhalb der Trocknungsvorrichtung möglichst wenig behindern. Sie sind dazu vorzugsweise strömungsgünstig geformt und können beispielsweise besonders schmal ausgestaltet sein, etwa mit einem linsenförmigen Querschnitt, oder in an sich bekannter Weise strömungsförmig mittels eines etwa tropfenförmigen Querschnittes.
Vorzugsweise kann vorgesehen sein, dass als Elektroden Elemente genutzt werden, die in der Trocknungsvorrichtung ohnehin vorgesehen sind. So kann ein völliger Verzicht auf zusätzliche, die Bewegung des Trocknungsgutes behindernde Sensor- elemente erzielt werden. Beispielsweise können die aus derIt is preferably provided that the electrodes interfere as little as possible with the movement of the material to be dried within the drying device. For this purpose, they are preferably aerodynamically shaped and can, for example, be designed to be particularly narrow, for example with a lenticular cross section, or in a manner known per se in the form of a stream by means of an approximately drop-shaped cross section. It can preferably be provided that elements are used as electrodes that are provided in the drying device anyway. In this way, it is possible to completely dispense with additional sensor elements which hinder the movement of the material to be dried. For example, from the
Praxis bekannten Zuluft- oder Abluftverteiler, die sich quer durch die siloartige Trocknungsvorrichtung erstrecken, als derartige Elektroden genutzt werden, wobei entweder die Elektroden jeweils paarweise zusammenwirken, um eine Widerstandsmes- sung durchzuführen, oder wobei derartige Luftverteiler als einKnown in practice supply air or exhaust air distributors, which extend across the silo-like drying device, are used as such electrodes, either the electrodes interacting in pairs in order to carry out a resistance measurement, or such air distributors as one
Elektrodentyp ausgestaltet sein können, während der andere, korrespondierende Elektrodentyp durch das Silogehäuse gebildet werden kann.Electrode type can be configured, while the other, corresponding electrode type can be formed by the silo housing.
Vorzugsweise kann ein möglichst gleichmäßiger Trocknungseffekt dadurch bewirkt werden, dass übereinander angeordnete Luftverteiler seitlich zueinander versetzt sind. Auf diese Weise wird vermieden, dass beispielsweise regelrechte Heißluftkamine innerhalb des Trocknungsgutes dadurch entstehen, dass stets gleichartige Luftverteiler, beispielsweise die Zuluftverteiler für die erwärmte Zuluft, vertikal genau übereinander angeordnet sind. Über die gesamte Höhe der Trocknungsvorrichtung gesehen mögen zwar gleichartige Luftverteiler exakt senkrecht übereinander angeordnet sein, vorschlagsgemäß soll jedoch vermieden werden, dass direkt übereinander angeordnete gleichartige Luftverteiler senkrecht übereinander angeordnet sind. Mit „direkt ü- bereinander" sind dabei die nächst benachbarten Ebenen bezeichnet, in denen Luftverteiler gleichen Typs angeordnet sind, also jeweils Zuluft- oder Abluftverteiler.A drying effect which is as uniform as possible can preferably be brought about by the fact that air distributors arranged one above the other are laterally offset from one another. In this way, it is avoided that, for example, regular hot air chimneys are created within the material to be dried by the fact that identical air distributors, for example the supply air distributors for the heated supply air, are always arranged vertically one above the other. Seen over the entire height of the drying device, identical air distributors may be arranged exactly vertically one above the other, but according to the proposal it should be avoided that identical air distributors arranged directly one above the other are arranged vertically one above the other. “Directly one above the other” denotes the next adjacent levels in which air distributors of the same type are arranged, that is to say supply air or exhaust air distributors.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der beiliegenden, rein schematischen Zeichnungen nachfolgend näher erläutert. Dabei zeigtThe invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the enclosed, purely schematic drawings. It shows
Fig. 1 mit den zugehörigen Detaildarstellungen a bis e ei- ne Ausführungsbeispiel einer Getreidetrocknungsanlage,
Fig. 2 eine erste Elektrodenanordnung bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1, und1 with the associated detailed representations a to an exemplary embodiment of a grain drying plant, Fig. 2 shows a first electrode arrangement in the embodiment of Fig. 1, and
Fig. 3 eine zweite Elektrodenanordnung bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1.3 shows a second electrode arrangement in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 insgesamt eine Trocknungsvorrichtung bezeichnet, die aufrechtstehend, etwa siloartig ausgestaltet ist und bei der das Trocknungsgut oben über einen Einfüllschacht 2 zugeführt wird. Das Trocknungsgut durchläuft eine Vielzahl von Trocknungsebenen 3, wobei in jeder Trocknungsebene mehrere Luftverteiler als Zuluft- oder Abluftverteiler 4 vorgesehen sind, die aufgrund ihrer nach oben sich verjüngenden Formgebung als „Zuluftdach" bzw. „Abluftdach" bezeichnet sind.In Fig. 1, 1 designates a drying device which is upright, approximately silo-like and in which the material to be dried is fed in via a feed chute 2. The material to be dried passes through a large number of drying levels 3, with several air distributors being provided as supply air or exhaust air distributors 4 in each drying level, which are referred to as “supply air roof” or “exhaust air roof” due to their upward tapering shape.
Weiterhin ist in Fig. 1 und genauer im Detail b das Gehäuse einer elektronische Steuerung 5 dargestellt, die mit einer Vielzahl von Feuchtesensoren zusammenwirkt: Ein erster, vergleichswei- se kleiner Feuchtesensor befindet sich am Produkteinlass, unmittelbar unter dem Einfüllschacht 2, wo der gebündelte Strahl des Trocknungsgutes in des Gehäuse gelangt. Dieser erste Feuchtesensor ist im Detail a näher dargestellt. Er weist eine erste Elektrode auf, die etwa parallel zum einströmenden, noch recht feuchten Trocknungsgut ausgerichtet ist, wobei die zweite1 and more precisely in detail b shows the housing of an electronic control 5, which interacts with a large number of moisture sensors: a first, comparatively small moisture sensor is located at the product inlet, immediately below the feed chute 2, where the focused beam of the material to be dried gets into the housing. This first moisture sensor is shown in more detail a. It has a first electrode, which is aligned approximately parallel to the inflowing, still very moist material to be dried, the second
Elektrode, die auch für sämtliche nachfolgend genannten Feuchtesensoren die jeweils zweite Elektrode bildet, durch das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung selbst gebildet ist. Das Trocknergehäuse kann dabei die Anode darstellen, während die ande- ren Elektroden die Katoden bilden.Electrode, which also forms the second electrode for all of the moisture sensors mentioned below, is formed by the housing of the drying device itself. The dryer housing can represent the anode, while the other electrodes form the cathodes.
Weiterhin bilden auf etwa halber Höhe und weit unten, kurz vor dem Produktaustrag, die Luftverteiler 4 eine Vielzahl von jeweils in einer Ebene angeordneten Elektroden, sodass in diesen bei- den Ebenen durch die großflächige Messung des elektrischenFurthermore, at about half the height and far below, shortly before the product is discharged, the air distributors 4 form a multiplicity of electrodes, each arranged in one plane, so that in these two planes by measuring the electrical area over a large area
Widerstandes ein homogenes Messergebnis erreicht wird, wel-
ches dementsprechend präzise Aussagen über den Feuchtegehalt des großflächig verteilten Trocknungutes ermöglicht. Durch einen elektronischen Abgleich kann aufgrund der erhaltenen Widerstands-Messwerte die Produktfeuchte des Trocknungsguts zuverlässig bestimmt werden.Resistance, a homogeneous measurement result is achieved, which Accordingly, it enables precise statements to be made about the moisture content of the drying goods distributed over a large area. The product moisture content of the items to be dried can be reliably determined by means of an electronic comparison based on the resistance measurement values obtained.
Detail c zeigt die Leitungsanbindung eines Luftverteilers 4, um die von der dort vorgesehenen Elektrode erhaltenen Messwerte zur elektronischen Steuerung 5 zu übertragen. Die Details d und e zeigen in vereinzelter Darstellung einen Luftverteiler 4 und die an diesen Luftverteiler angeschlossene elektrische Kontaktie- rung, sodass dieser gesamte Luftverteiler eine Elektrode eines Feuchtesensors bildet.Detail c shows the line connection of an air distributor 4 in order to transmit the measured values obtained from the electrode provided there to the electronic control 5. The details d and e show, in isolated representation, an air distributor 4 and the electrical contacting connected to this air distributor, so that this entire air distributor forms an electrode of a moisture sensor.
Dadurch, dass der elektronischen Steuerung 5 auch Messwerte über die Warmlufttemperatur sowie die Außenluftbedingungen (Außenlufttemperatur / Außenluftfeuchtigkeit) zugeführt werden, kann die elektronische Steuerung einerseits eine vollständige Dokumentation der Betriebsbedingungen abspeichern, sodass beispielsweise für 90 Tage die Betriebsbedingungen nachvollziehbar sind, und zudem kann durch Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen Feuchtemesswerte und der übrigen erwähnten Daten die elektronische Steuerung 5 die Trocknungsvorrichtung zugunsten einer möglichst konstanten und optimal eingestellten Endfeuchte betreiben.Because the electronic controller 5 is also supplied with measured values about the warm air temperature and the outside air conditions (outside air temperature / outside air humidity), the electronic controller can on the one hand store complete documentation of the operating conditions so that, for example, the operating conditions can be traced for 90 days, and can also be taken into account of the various measured moisture values and the other data mentioned, the electronic control 5 operates the drying device in favor of a constant and optimally set final moisture.
In Fig. 2 ist in gegenüber Fig. 1 größerem Maßstab ein Vertikalschnitt durch die Trocknungsvorrichtung 1 dargestellt, mit drei dargestellten Trocknungsebenen 3, wobei innerhalb jeder Trocknungsebene drei übereinander angeordnete Ebenen vorgesehen sind, in welchen jeweils mehrere Luftverteiler 4 nebeneinander angeordnet sind.In FIG. 2, a vertical section through the drying device 1 is shown on a larger scale than in FIG. 1, with three drying levels 3 shown, three levels being arranged one above the other within each drying level, in each of which several air distributors 4 are arranged next to one another.
Dabei sind unterschiedliche Typen von Luftverteilern mit „+" bzw. mit „-„ gekennzeichnet, wobei die mit Pluszeichen versehenenDifferent types of air distributors are marked with "+" or "-", the ones with a plus sign
Luftverteiler als so genannte Zuluftdächer 6 und die mit Minus-
zeichen versehenen Luftverteiler als sogenannte Abluftdächer 7 bezeichnet sind, aufgrund ihrer nach oben spitz zulaufenden Bauform. Aus den Zuluftdächern 6 tritt durch ein Gebläse geförderte Heiß- bzw. Warmluft aus und gelangt in Kontakt mit dem Trocknungsgut, wobei die Abluftdächer 7 die abgekühlte und mitAir distributors as so-called supply air roofs 6 and those with minus Characterized air distributor are referred to as so-called exhaust roofs 7, due to their tapered design. Hot or warm air conveyed by a blower emerges from the supply air roofs 6 and comes into contact with the material to be dried, the exhaust air roofs 7 being cooled and co-cooled
Feuchtigkeit angereicherte Luft aufnehmen und aus dem Trocknungsgut abziehen.Absorb moisture-enriched air and remove it from the material to be dried.
Einige der Luftverteiler 4 können als Elektroden für Feuchtesen- soren genutzt werden, beispielsweise jeweils in einer Reihe nebeneinander vorgesehene Zuluftdächer 6 oder Abluftdächer 7, die dann jeweils mit dem Silogehäuse als korrespondierender Elektrode eine Messung des elektrischen Widerstandes ermöglichen.Some of the air distributors 4 can be used as electrodes for moisture sensors, for example in each case a supply air roof 6 or exhaust air roof 7 provided in a row next to one another, which then in each case enable the electrical resistance to be measured with the silo housing as the corresponding electrode.
Alternativ und abweichend von dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel kann vorgesehen sein, jeweils zwei Luftverteiler 4 einen Feuchtesensor bilden zu lassen, ohne das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung als Elektrode zu nutzen.Alternatively and differently from the exemplary embodiment shown, it can be provided that two air distributors 4 each form a moisture sensor without using the housing of the drying device as an electrode.
Fig. 3 zeigt eine Alternative bei der Ausgestaltung der Elektroden: Hier werden nicht ausschließlich ohnehin vorhandene Bauelemente wie die ohnehin benötigten Luftverteiler 4 für die Ausgestaltung der Elektroden genutzt, sondern hier sind jeweils zwi- sehen zwei benachbarten Zuluftdächern 6 aufrechtstehende3 shows an alternative in the configuration of the electrodes: Here, components which are already present, such as the air distributors 4 which are required anyway, are not used exclusively for the configuration of the electrodes, but here two adjacent supply air roofs 6 are in each case upright
Leisten mit linsenförmigem Querschnitt als Elektroden 8 vorgesehen. Diese Elektroden 8 bilden einen Elektrodentyp, beispielsweise jeweils eine Kathode, während der korrespondierende Elektrodentyp, nämlich die jeweils zugehörige Anode, durch Luftverteiler 4 wie die dargestellten Zuluftdächer 6 gebildet werden. Alternativ kann auch in diesem Fall das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung 2 die für sämtliche Elektroden 8 gemeinsame, zweite Elektrode bilden kann. Als weitere Alternative kann vorgesehen sein, derartige Elektroden 8, in einer von Fig. 3 ab- weichenden Anordnung jeweils paarweise einen Feuchtesensor
bilden zu lassen, wobei jeweils eine dieser Elektroden dann die Anode und die zweite die Kathode des Feuchtesensors bildet.Laths with a lenticular cross section are provided as electrodes 8. These electrodes 8 form one electrode type, for example one cathode each, while the corresponding electrode type, namely the respective anode, are formed by air distributors 4 like the supply air roofs 6 shown. Alternatively, in this case too, the housing of the drying device 2 can form the second electrode common to all electrodes 8. As a further alternative, electrodes 8 of this type can be provided, each in pairs in an arrangement that differs from FIG. 3, a moisture sensor to be formed, one of these electrodes then forming the anode and the second the cathode of the moisture sensor.
Bei der dargestellten Trocknungsvorrichtung werden der elek- tronischen Steuerung 5 folgende Messwerte übermittelt: DieIn the drying device shown, the following measured values are transmitted to the electronic control 5: The
Feuchte und die Temperatur des Trocknungsgutes am Eingang in die Trocknungsvorrichtung, die Feuchte und die Temperatur des Trocknungsgutes am Ausgang des Trocknungsgutes aus der Trocknungsvorrichtung, die Temperatur der Trocknerluft in der Eingangsseite sowie in der Ausgangsseite, die Feuchte desMoisture and the temperature of the material to be dried at the entrance to the drying device, the moisture and the temperature of the material to be dried at the exit of the material to be dried from the drying device, the temperature of the dryer air on the inlet side and on the outlet side, the moisture of the
Trocknungsgutes im unteren Teil der Trocknungszone sowie die Temperatur und die relative Feuchte der Außenluft. Mittels einer entsprechenden Schnittstelle können die Daten von der elektronischen Steuerung 5 an eine weitere elektronische Datenverar- beitungseinrichtung wie an einem PC übertragen werden. Da diese Übertragung wahlweise auch drahtlos oder über eine Telefonleitung erfolgen kann, können anhand dieser an anderer Stelle ersichtlichen Messwerte Eingriffe in die elektronische Steuerung 5 vorgenommen werden, sodass die gesamte Trocknungs- Vorrichtung 1 aus der Ferne überwacht werden kann und ggf. in die Steuerung eingegriffen werden kann. Zudem kann auf diese Weise an einer von der Trocknungsvorrichtung entfernten Stelle die komplette Dokumentation gespeichert werden, sodass auch über einen langen zurückliegenden Zeitraum die Betriebsver- hältnisse der Trocknungsvorrichtung nachvollziehbar sind.Items to be dried in the lower part of the drying zone as well as the temperature and the relative humidity of the outside air. The data can be transmitted from the electronic control 5 to a further electronic data processing device such as a PC by means of a corresponding interface. Since this transmission can optionally also take place wirelessly or via a telephone line, interventions in the electronic control 5 can be carried out on the basis of these measured values, which can be seen elsewhere, so that the entire drying device 1 can be monitored remotely and, if necessary, the control can be intervened can be. In addition, the complete documentation can be saved in this way at a location remote from the drying device, so that the operating conditions of the drying device can also be traced over a long period in the past.
Weiterhin kann die elektronische Steuerung 5 auch zur Bestimmung der Produktfeuchte bei der Produktannahme eingesetzt werden, beispielsweise in einem so genannten „Annahme- sumpf", und zwar unabhängig von ihrer weiteren Funktion, nämlich der Steuerung des Trocknungsvorgangs. Auf diese Weise kann die Produktqualität und die Betriebsdaten der Trocknungsvorrichtung dokumentiert werden, sodass der Betrieb der Trocknungsvorrichtung zertifizierbar ist.
Furthermore, the electronic control 5 can also be used to determine the product moisture when receiving the product, for example in a so-called “acceptance swamp”, regardless of its further function, namely the control of the drying process. In this way, the product quality and the Operating data of the drying device are documented so that the operation of the drying device can be certified.
Claims
1. Trocknungsvorrichtung für landwirtschaftliche Produkte, insbesondere für Körnerfrüchte wie Mais, Raps, Getreide oder Sonnenblumen, mit wenigstens einem Feuchtesensor zur Ermittlung des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes des in der Trocknungsvorrichtung behandelten Trocknungsgutes, wobei der Feuchtesensor zwei Elektroden aufweist und als Widerstandssensor zur Ermittlung des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen den beiden Elektroden ausgestaltet ist.1.Drying device for agricultural products, in particular for cereals such as maize, rapeseed, cereals or sunflowers, with at least one moisture sensor for determining the moisture content of the material to be dried treated in the drying device, the moisture sensor having two electrodes and as a resistance sensor for determining the electrical resistance between the is configured both electrodes.
2. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 , gekennzeichnet durch einen siloartigen Aufbau der Trocknungsvorrichtung, mit mehreren übereinander angeordneten Trocknungsebenen, wobei in wenigstens drei Trocknungsebenen Feuchtesensoren angeordnet sind.2. Drying device according to claim 1, characterized by a silo-like structure of the drying device, with a plurality of drying levels arranged one above the other, wherein moisture sensors are arranged in at least three drying levels.
3. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung eine Elektrode des Feuchtesensors bildet.3. Drying device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing of the drying device forms an electrode of the moisture sensor.
4. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine automatische Regelung vorgesehen ist, welche in Abhängigkeit von den Messwerten des Feuchtesensors Parameter der Trocknungsvorrichtung beeinflusst - wie eine Gebläseleistung, eine Temperatur der zum Trocknen zugeführten Luft, oder die Austragsleistung der Trocknungsvorrichtung.4. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an automatic control is provided which, depending on the measured values of the moisture sensor, influences parameters of the drying device - such as a blower power, a temperature of the air supplied for drying, or the discharge rate of the drying device.
5. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch Elektroden, welche sich quer durch das Gehäuse der Trocknungsvorrichtung erstrecken. 5. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by electrodes which extend across the housing of the drying device.
6. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden einen in Bewegungsrichtung des Trocknungsguts strömungsgünstig geformten Querschnitt aufweisen - wie ei- nen tropfen- oder linsenförmigen Querschnitt.6. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes have a cross section which is aerodynamically shaped in the direction of movement of the material to be dried - such as a drop or lenticular cross section.
7. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden durch ohnehin in der Trocknungsvor- richtung vorgesehene Elemente gebildet sind - wie Zuluftoder Abluftverteiler.7. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes are formed by elements provided in the drying device anyway - such as supply air or exhaust air distributors.
8. Trocknungsvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in mehreren übereinander vorgesehenen Trocknungsebenen jeweils mehrere Zuluft- und/oder Abluftverteiler nebeneinander angeordnet sind, wobei zwei direkt übereinander angeordnete gleichartige Verteiler seitlich zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind. 8. Drying device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of supply air and / or exhaust air distributors are arranged side by side in a plurality of drying levels provided one above the other, two identical distributors arranged directly one above the other being arranged laterally offset from one another.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE20313600 | 2003-09-02 | ||
| DE20313600.4 | 2003-09-02 | ||
| DE20317106.3 | 2003-11-07 | ||
| DE20317106U DE20317106U1 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2003-11-07 | Drying device for agricultural products such as maize, rape, cereal or sunflowers, has moisture content sensor which is used for feedback control of drying device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005022979A2 true WO2005022979A2 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
| WO2005022979A3 WO2005022979A3 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
Family
ID=34276684
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2004/001846 WO2005022979A2 (en) | 2003-09-02 | 2004-08-19 | Drying apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2005022979A2 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005080895A1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-01 | Riela-Getreidetechnik | Drying apparatus featuring ventilation during the conduction of hot air |
| CN104303725A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-28 | 陈振东 | Flow equalization and transverse penetration type ventilated drying granary |
| CN105830673A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-08-10 | 山东稷丰粮油仓储设备有限公司 | Inner circulatory flow temperature control, hardening-temperqualityregulating and fumigating three-in-one system and process |
| CN108184444A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-06-22 | 安徽省达亿粮油食品有限公司 | A kind of grain storage device with thermostatic control function |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005022979A3 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
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