WO2005022940A1 - Transceiver station for a wireless communication system, and method for the operation thereof - Google Patents

Transceiver station for a wireless communication system, and method for the operation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005022940A1
WO2005022940A1 PCT/EP2004/051781 EP2004051781W WO2005022940A1 WO 2005022940 A1 WO2005022940 A1 WO 2005022940A1 EP 2004051781 W EP2004051781 W EP 2004051781W WO 2005022940 A1 WO2005022940 A1 WO 2005022940A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
transmitting
frequency
branch
line
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PCT/EP2004/051781
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Elmar Guha
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Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2005022940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005022940A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system and a method for operating such.
  • radio communication systems communication takes place between stations involved in a connection by means of electromagnetic waves which propagate via an air interface.
  • One type of radio communication system is a mobile radio system. They are characterized in that at least some of their subscriber stations can be mobile. Mobile radio systems have network-side base stations for supplying subscriber stations. Of particular importance are cellular mobile radio systems in which a multiplicity of base stations are provided which serve to supply radio cells of the mobile radio system. The totality of the radio cells enables a comprehensive coverage of a large geographical area.
  • sub-units of the base station which are often referred to as TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier) are often installed near the antenna.
  • the radio frequency signal received by the antenna is in the remote subunit of the base station by means of a duplexer from the radio frequency to be transmitted in the opposite direction.
  • separated frequency transmission signal amplified with little noise and combined again with the high-frequency transmission signal by means of a further duplexer and transmitted over a common line to the so-called local subunit of the base station, which contains the above-mentioned essential components of the base station.
  • the transmit and receive signals to be transmitted over the common line must be separated from one another again, which in turn requires a duplexer.
  • the duplex frequency band distance between the transmitting branch and the receiving branch is very small.
  • UMTS-FDD Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard-Frequency Division Duplex
  • UMTS-FDD Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard-Frequency Division Duplex
  • duplexers at both ends of the line connecting the remote subunit and the local subunit could indeed be saved if the transmit and receive signals between the two subunits were transmitted on separate cables and were combined or separated only shortly before the antenna. This means that only a duplexer would be required in the entire transmission chain. However, for reasons of space, it is often desirable to keep the number of lines or cables used as small as possible. In addition, the cost of the cable connecting the two subunits can also be high, especially if the distance between the two subunits is large.
  • JP 06-350 537 A a base station connected to an antenna and a control station remote therefrom are connected to one another via an optical waveguide.
  • the receive signals from the base station are transmitted to the control station via the optical waveguide.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a cost-effective implementation of a transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system which has two subunits which are connected to one another via a line, via which both the transmitted signal and the received signal are to be transmitted.
  • the transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system has two subunits which are connected to one another via a line, a transmitting branch for a transmission signal to be transmitted via an air interface and a receiving branch for a reception signal to be received via the air interface.
  • the line is part of both the transmission branch and the reception branch.
  • the transmitting branch has a first frequency converter for converting the transmitted signal from a lower to a higher frequency and the receiving branch has a second frequency converter for converting the received signal from a higher to a lower frequency.
  • the first frequency converter is arranged in one of the two subunits and the second frequency converter in the other subunit.
  • the fact that the two frequency converters are arranged in different subunits of the transmitting and receiving station means that when transmitting via the common line between the two subunits, only either the transmission signal or the reception signal has the higher frequency, while the respective other signal which has a lower frequency. This ensures that the band gap between the transmission signal and the received Catch signal during the simultaneous transmission over the line can be significantly larger than when both signals are transmitted either with a lower frequency or higher frequency over the line. Because of the larger bandgap that can be achieved, it is therefore possible to dispense with costly duplexers that are able to separate signals with only a small bandgap from each other on both sides of the line, and instead to use inexpensive crossovers to which quench separation are not so demanding.
  • the subunits can also be connected to one another by further lines, which are used, for example, for the power supply.
  • the higher frequencies of the first and second frequency converters are high frequencies, by means of which the transmission signal can be transmitted via the air interface and the reception signal can be received via the air interface.
  • Bandgap between the two signals is particularly large, so that a separation of the two signals by appropriate crossovers is possible in a particularly simple manner.
  • the transmitting and receiving station has a generator for a reference signal, which is arranged in one of the two sub-units and its output is connected to the line so that the reference signal can be transmitted to another subunit.
  • the frequency converter in the other subunit can be controlled depending on the reference signal.
  • a total of three signals are therefore transmitted via the common line, namely the transmit signal, the receive signal and the reference signal.
  • the invention is applicable to transmitting and receiving stations for any radio communication systems. However, it is particularly suitable for use in base stations for mobile radio systems.
  • the method according to the invention provides procedural steps which are necessary for the operation of the transmitting and receiving station according to the invention and their further developments.
  • the figure shows a base station for a UMTS-FDD mobile radio system as the transmitting and receiving station.
  • the invention can be used for base stations of any mobile radio systems which have two subunits.
  • the application of the invention is not limited to mobile radio systems, but can take place for transmitting and receiving stations of any radio communication systems.
  • the base station has a first sub-unit U1 and a second sub-unit U2.
  • the first subunit U1 is a local unit which contains the essential components of the base station.
  • the second sub-unit U2 is a remote unit, which is connected to an antenna A, via which the base station transmits signals SS sends out and receives reception signals RS.
  • the antenna A can be integrated in the second sub-unit U2 or can be designed separately from this.
  • the first sub-unit U1 has a signal processing unit 1, in which the digitized transmission signals SS and reception signals RS are processed.
  • the signal processing unit 1 is connected to other components of the mobile radio system (not shown in the figure), such as a base station controller. It receives data to be transmitted from these central units and transmits received data there.
  • a transmission branch for the transmission signal SS to be transmitted is shown in the upper part of the figure and a reception branch for the reception signal RS in the lower part of the figure.
  • the two sub-units U1, U2 are connected to one another via a common line L in the form of a high-frequency cable.
  • the line L is part of both the transmission branch and the reception branch.
  • the baseband signals generated in the signal processing unit 1 are converted into an intermediate frequency position via a digital / analog converter 2, then converted into high-frequency signals by a first frequency converter FC1, then amplified in terms of power in an amplifier 3 and via a first crossover FW1 of the line L. fed.
  • the transmission signal SS in the transmission branch is amplified again by the line L via a second crossover FW2 by a further amplifier 4 (which can also be omitted in other exemplary embodiments of the invention) and fed to the antenna A via a duplexer 5, which Sends transmission signal SS via the air interface.
  • the high-frequency received signal RS received by the antenna A via the air interface in the duplexer 5 is separated from the transmitted signal SS to be transmitted in the opposite direction, amplified with little noise in an amplifier 6, filtered in a filter 7, in a second frequency low frequency converter FC2 converted from high frequency to an intermediate frequency and fed to line L via the second crossover FW2.
  • the received signal RS arrives via the first crossover FW1 and an amplifier 8 and a filter 9 connected downstream thereof to an analog / digital converter 10, which converts the received signal RS from the intermediate frequency into the baseband.
  • the received signal RS is then further processed in the signal processing unit 1.
  • the first sub-unit U1 has a generator G for a reference signal c, depending on which both the first frequency converter FC1 and the second frequency converter FC2 are controlled.
  • the generator G of the first sub-unit U1 derives a control signal CI for the first frequency converter FC1 from the reference signal c.
  • the reference signal c is transmitted via the first crossover FW1 and the line L and the second crossover FW2 to a local oscillator 11 within the second subunit U2.
  • a control signal C2 for controlling the second frequency converter FC2 is derived from the reference signal c.
  • the intermediate frequency for the transmission signal SS as well as for the reception signal RS is in the range from 100 to 150 MHz.
  • the high frequency for the received signal RS is in the range from 1920 to 1980 MHz and the high frequency for the transmitted signal SS is in the range from 2110 to 2170 MHz.
  • the frequency of the reference signal c is approximately 40 MHz.
  • the baseband signal within the signal processing unit 1 is between 0 and 20 MHz both for the transmission signal SS and for the reception signal RS. Since in this embodiment the transmission signal SS in the high frequency range and the received signal RS is transmitted in the intermediate frequency range via the line L, both can be easily separated from one another by the two crossovers FW1, FW2 despite the transmission via the common line L.
  • the reference signal c also has a clear band gap to the intermediate frequency range of the received signal RS, the transmitted signal SS and the received signal RS can also be easily separated from the reference signal c. Therefore, the crossovers FW1, FW2 can be implemented inexpensively.
  • the reference signal c can also be generated in the second subunit U2 and transmitted via the line L to the first subunit U1. It is also possible to use control signals CI, C2 which are independent of one another for controlling the frequency converters FC1, FC2. Furthermore, the reference signal c can be transmitted between the two sub-units U1, U2 via a separate line.
  • the first frequency converter FC1 for the transmit signal SS to be arranged in the second subunit U2 and the second frequency converter FC2 for the receive signal RS to be arranged in the first subunit U1.
  • further frequency converters can be provided in the transmitting and / or receiving branch, which convert the intermediate frequency signals to further intermediate frequencies in further stages.
  • Embodiments are also possible in which there is no conversion in the intermediate frequency ranges and the frequency converters FC1, FC2 immediately convert from the baseband to the high frequency range or. vice versa.
  • the crossovers FCl, FC2 can be implemented by simple low-pass, high-pass and band-pass. If, on the other hand, deviating from the invention, both the transmission signal SS and the reception signal RS are transmitted in the high-frequency range via the line L, duplexers must be used to separate the transmission and reception branches with complex and therefore expensive high-frequency filters.
  • the invention has the further advantage that crossovers of the type mentioned have a significantly lower insertion loss for the signal to be transmitted in each case than the duplexers mentioned, so that improved signal quality can be achieved or the performance of the amplifiers 3, 4, 6, 8 with the same signal quality can be reduced.
  • the reception branch has the further advantage that the attenuation through line L for transmission in the intermediate frequency range is significantly lower than in the case of transmission of high-frequency signals. This is of particular importance for the reception branch, since the received signals usually have a much lower signal strength than the transmitted signals.
  • the power amplifier 3 is arranged in the local first sub-unit U1 together with the cooling device required by it.
  • Such cooling devices include cooling fins and fans, which would lead to an increased space requirement and weight if the amplifier 3 were arranged in the second unit U2. This is undesirable in particular in the case of mast mounting of the second sub-unit U2 connected to the antenna A.

Abstract

Disclosed is a transceiver station comprising two subunits (U1, U2) that are interconnected via a line (L) as well as a transmission link and a reception link, of which the line (L) is a component, respectively. The transmission link is provided with a first frequency converter (FC1) for converting the transmission signal (SS) from a lower to a higher frequency while the reception link is provided with a second frequency converter (FC2) for converting the reception signal from a higher to a lower frequency. The first frequency converter (FC1) is disposed in one (U1) of the two subunits while the second frequency converter (FC2) is located in the other subunit (U2).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Sende- und Empfangsstation für ein Funkkommunikationssystem sowie Verfahren zu deren BetriebTransmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system and method for its operation
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Sende- und Empfangsstation für ein Funkkommunikationssystem sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer solchen.The invention relates to a transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system and a method for operating such.
Bei FunkkommunikationsSystemen erfolgt eine Kommunikation zwischen an einer Verbindung beteiligten Station mittels e- lektromagnetischer Wellen, die sich über eine Luftschnittstelle ausbreiten. Eine Art von FunkkommunikationsSystemen sind Mobilfunksysteme. Sie sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil ihrer Teilnehmerstationen mobil sein kann. Mobilfunksysteme weisen zur Versorgung von Teilnehmerstationen netzseitige Basisstationen auf. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind zellulare Mobilfunksysteme, bei denen eine Vielzahl von Basisstationen vorgesehen sind, die zur Versorgung von Funkzellen des Mobilfunksystems dienen. Die Gesamtheit der Funkzellen ermöglicht eine flächendeckende Versorgung eines großen geografischen Gebietes.In radio communication systems, communication takes place between stations involved in a connection by means of electromagnetic waves which propagate via an air interface. One type of radio communication system is a mobile radio system. They are characterized in that at least some of their subscriber stations can be mobile. Mobile radio systems have network-side base stations for supplying subscriber stations. Of particular importance are cellular mobile radio systems in which a multiplicity of base stations are provided which serve to supply radio cells of the mobile radio system. The totality of the radio cells enables a comprehensive coverage of a large geographical area.
Bei ungünstigen Antennenstandorten von Basisstationen für Mo- bilfunksysteme ergibt sich oftmals ein großer Abstand zwischen der Antenne und demjenigen Punkt, an dem wünschenswerter Weise die wesentlichen Komponenten der Basisstation angeordnet werden sollen. Daher sind die letztgenannten Komponenten über sehr lange Kabel mit der Antenne zu verbinden, so dass es zu starken Dämpfungen der über die Kabel geführtenIn the case of unfavorable antenna locations of base stations for mobile radio systems, there is often a large distance between the antenna and the point at which the essential components of the base station should desirably be arranged. Therefore, the last-mentioned components are to be connected to the antenna via very long cables, so that there is strong attenuation of those routed via the cables
Signale kommt. Um vor allem im Empfangszweig diese zusätzliche Kabeldämpfung zu kompensieren, werden in Antennenähe häufig abgesetzte Teileinheiten der Basisstation installiert, die oft als TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier) bezeichnet werden. Das von der Antenne empfangene Hochfrequenzsignal wird dabei in der abgesetzten Teileinheit der Basisstation mittels eines Duplexers vom in der Gegenrichtung zu übertragenden Hochfre- quenzsendesignal getrennt, rauscharm verstärkt und mittels eines weiteren Duplexers wieder mit dem Hochfrequenzsendesignal kombiniert und über eine gemeinsame Leitung zur sogenannten lokalen Teileinheit der Basisstation, die die oben er- wähnten wesentlichen Komponenten der Basisstation enthält, übertragen. In der lokalen Teileinheit müssen die über die gemeinsame Leitung zu übertragenden Sende- und Empfangssignale wieder voneinander getrennt werden, wofür wiederum ein Duplexer notwendig ist. Bei vielen Mobilfunksystemen ist der Duplex-Frequenzband-Abstand zwischen Sendezweig und Empfangszweig sehr gering. Beispielsweise beträgt er bei UMTS-FDD (U- niversal Mobile Telecommunication Standard-Frequency Division Duplex) in Deutschland nur 90 MHz bei einem Empfangsfrequenzband im Bereich von 1920 bis 1980 MHz und einem Sendefre- quenzband von 2110 bis 2170 MHz. Um das Sende- und das Empfangsband trotz des geringen Bandabstandes in den Duplexern voneinander trennen zu können, ist ein hoher Aufwand erforderlich, weshalb derartige Duplexer äußerst kostspielig sind.Signals coming. In order to compensate for this additional cable attenuation, especially in the receiving branch, sub-units of the base station, which are often referred to as TMA (Tower Mounted Amplifier), are often installed near the antenna. The radio frequency signal received by the antenna is in the remote subunit of the base station by means of a duplexer from the radio frequency to be transmitted in the opposite direction. separated frequency transmission signal, amplified with little noise and combined again with the high-frequency transmission signal by means of a further duplexer and transmitted over a common line to the so-called local subunit of the base station, which contains the above-mentioned essential components of the base station. In the local subunit, the transmit and receive signals to be transmitted over the common line must be separated from one another again, which in turn requires a duplexer. In many mobile radio systems, the duplex frequency band distance between the transmitting branch and the receiving branch is very small. For example, with UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunication Standard-Frequency Division Duplex) in Germany it is only 90 MHz with a reception frequency band in the range from 1920 to 1980 MHz and a transmission frequency band from 2110 to 2170 MHz. In order to be able to separate the transmit and receive bands in spite of the small band gap in the duplexers, a great deal of effort is required, which is why such duplexers are extremely expensive.
Die Duplexer an beiden Enden der die abgesetzte Teileinheit und die lokale Teileinheit verbindenden Leitung könnten zwar eingespart werden, falls die Sende- und Empfangssignale zwischen den beiden Teileinheiten auf getrennten Kabeln übertragen würden und erst kurz vor der Antenne einmalig kombiniert bzw. getrennt werden würden. Somit wäre in der gesamten Übertragungskette nur noch ein Duplexer notwendig. Jedoch ist es häufig aus Platzgründen erwünscht, die Anzahl der verwendeten Leitungen bzw. Kabel möglichst gering zu halten. Außerdem können auch die Kosten des die beiden Teileinheiten verbin- denden Kabels hoch sein, insbesondere wenn der Abstand zwischen den beiden Teileinheiten groß ist.The duplexers at both ends of the line connecting the remote subunit and the local subunit could indeed be saved if the transmit and receive signals between the two subunits were transmitted on separate cables and were combined or separated only shortly before the antenna. This means that only a duplexer would be required in the entire transmission chain. However, for reasons of space, it is often desirable to keep the number of lines or cables used as small as possible. In addition, the cost of the cable connecting the two subunits can also be high, especially if the distance between the two subunits is large.
In der JP 06-350 537 A sind eine mit einer Antenne verbundene Basisstation und eine davon abgesetzte Steuerstation über ei- nen Lichtwellenleiter miteinander verbunden. Über den Lichtwellenleiter werden die Empfangssignale der Basisstation zur Steuerstation übermittelt. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine kostengünstige Realisierung einer Sende- und Empfangsstation für ein Funkkommunikationssystem anzugeben, die zwei Teileinheiten auf- weist, die über eine Leitung miteinander verbunden sind, über die sowohl das Sendesignal als auch das Empfangssignal zu ü- bertragen sind.In JP 06-350 537 A, a base station connected to an antenna and a control station remote therefrom are connected to one another via an optical waveguide. The receive signals from the base station are transmitted to the control station via the optical waveguide. The invention is based on the object of specifying a cost-effective implementation of a transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system which has two subunits which are connected to one another via a line, via which both the transmitted signal and the received signal are to be transmitted.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Sende- und Empfangsstation gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie dem Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Sende- und Empfangsstation gemäß dem nebengeordneten Anspruch gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche .This object is achieved with a transmitting and receiving station according to claim 1 and the method for operating a transmitting and receiving station according to the independent claim. Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Die Sende- und Empfangsstation für ein Funkkommunikationssystem weist zwei Teileinheiten auf, die über eine Leitung miteinander verbunden sind sowie einen Sendezweig für einen über eine Luftschnittstelle zu übertragendes Sendesignal und einen Empfangszweig für einen über die Luftschnittstelle zu empfan- gendes Empfangssignal. Die Leitung ist sowohl Bestandteil des Sendezweigs als auch des Empfangszweigs . Der Sendezweig weist einen ersten Frequenzumsetzer auf zum Umsetzen des Sendesignals von einer niedrigeren auf eine höhere Frequenz und der Empfangszweig einen zweiten Frequenzumsetzer zum Umsetzen des Emp angssignals von einer höheren auf eine niedrigere Frequenz. Der erste Frequenzumsetzer ist in einer der beiden Teileinheiten und der zweite Frequenzumsetzer in der anderen Teileinheit angeordnet.The transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system has two subunits which are connected to one another via a line, a transmitting branch for a transmission signal to be transmitted via an air interface and a receiving branch for a reception signal to be received via the air interface. The line is part of both the transmission branch and the reception branch. The transmitting branch has a first frequency converter for converting the transmitted signal from a lower to a higher frequency and the receiving branch has a second frequency converter for converting the received signal from a higher to a lower frequency. The first frequency converter is arranged in one of the two subunits and the second frequency converter in the other subunit.
Dadurch, dass die beiden Frequenzumsetzer in unterschiedlichen Teileinheiten der Sende- und Empfangsstation angeordnet sind, wird erreicht, dass bei der Übertragung über die gemeinsame Leitung zwischen den beiden Teileinheiten nur entweder das Sendesignal oder das Empfangssignal die jeweils höhe- re Frequenz hat, während das jeweils andere Signal die jeweils niedrigere Frequenz aufweist. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass der Bandabstand zwischen dem Sendesignal und dem Emp- fangssignal während der gleichzeitigen Übertragung über die Leitung wesentlich größer sein kann, als wenn beide Signale entweder mit jeweils niedrigerer Frequenz oder jeweils höherer Frequenz über die Leitung übertragen werden. Aufgrund des erzielbaren größeren Bandabstandes ist es daher möglich, auf kostspielige Duplexer, die in der Lage sind, auch Signale mit nur geringem Bandabstand voneinander zu trennen, auf beiden Seiten der Leitung zu verzichten und stattdessen kostengünstige Frequenzweichen zu verwenden, an die bezüglich der Fre- quenztrennung nicht so hohe Anforderungen zu stellen sind.The fact that the two frequency converters are arranged in different subunits of the transmitting and receiving station means that when transmitting via the common line between the two subunits, only either the transmission signal or the reception signal has the higher frequency, while the respective other signal which has a lower frequency. This ensures that the band gap between the transmission signal and the received Catch signal during the simultaneous transmission over the line can be significantly larger than when both signals are transmitted either with a lower frequency or higher frequency over the line. Because of the larger bandgap that can be achieved, it is therefore possible to dispense with costly duplexers that are able to separate signals with only a small bandgap from each other on both sides of the line, and instead to use inexpensive crossovers to which quench separation are not so demanding.
Neben der gemeinsamen Leitung für den Sende- und Empfangszweig können die Teileinheiten noch durch weitere Leitungen miteinander verbunden sein, die zum Beispiel zur Stromversor- gung dienen.In addition to the common line for the transmitting and receiving branch, the subunits can also be connected to one another by further lines, which are used, for example, for the power supply.
Es ist auch möglich, über die gemeinsame Leitung zusätzlich die Stromversorgung durchzuführen (dies entspricht einem weiteren Signal mit der Frequenz Null) .It is also possible to carry out the power supply via the common line (this corresponds to another signal with zero frequency).
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die höheren Frequenzen des ersten und des zweiten Frequenzumsetzers Hochfrequenzen, mittels derer das Sendesignal über die Luftschnittstelle aussendbar und das Empfangssignal über die Luft- schnittsteile empfangbar ist. Dass bedeutet, dass eines der beiden Signale über die Leitung im Hochfrequenzbereich übertragen wird, während das andere Signal über die Leitung mit deutlich geringerer Frequenz, beispielsweise einer Zwischenfrequenz oder sogar im Basisband (Niederfrequenzbereich) ü- bertragen wird. Hierdurch kann erreicht werden, dass derAccording to a further development of the invention, the higher frequencies of the first and second frequency converters are high frequencies, by means of which the transmission signal can be transmitted via the air interface and the reception signal can be received via the air interface. This means that one of the two signals is transmitted over the line in the high frequency range, while the other signal is transmitted over the line with a significantly lower frequency, for example an intermediate frequency or even in the baseband (low frequency range). In this way it can be achieved that the
Bandabstand zwischen den beiden Signalen besonders groß ist, so dass eine Trennung der beiden Signale durch entsprechende Frequenzweichen in besonders einfacher Weise möglich ist.Bandgap between the two signals is particularly large, so that a separation of the two signals by appropriate crossovers is possible in a particularly simple manner.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist die Sende- und Empfangsstation einen Generator für ein Referenzsignal auf, der in einer der beiden Teileinheiten angeordnet ist und des- sen Ausgang mit der Leitung verbunden ist, so dass das Referenzsignal zu anderen Teileinheit übertragbar ist. Der Frequenzumsetzer in der anderen Teileinheit ist dabei in Abhängigkeit vom Referenzsignal steuerbar. Bei dieser Weiterbil- düng werden über die gemeinsame Leitung daher insgesamt drei Signale übertragen, nämlich das Sendesignal, das Empfangssignal und das Referenzsignal . Durch entsprechende Wahl des Frequenzbandes für das Referenzsignal kann auch für dieses drittes Signal eine gute frequenzmäßige Trennbarkeit gegenüber dem Sendesignal und dem Empfangssignal erzielt werden.According to a development of the invention, the transmitting and receiving station has a generator for a reference signal, which is arranged in one of the two sub-units and its output is connected to the line so that the reference signal can be transmitted to another subunit. The frequency converter in the other subunit can be controlled depending on the reference signal. In this development, a total of three signals are therefore transmitted via the common line, namely the transmit signal, the receive signal and the reference signal. By appropriate selection of the frequency band for the reference signal, good separability in terms of frequency from the transmitted signal and the received signal can also be achieved for this third signal.
Die Erfindung ist auf Sende- und Empfangsstationen für beliebige Funkkommunikationssysteme anwendbar. Sie eignet sich jedoch insbesondere zum Einsatz in Basisstationen für Mobil- funksysteme.The invention is applicable to transmitting and receiving stations for any radio communication systems. However, it is particularly suitable for use in base stations for mobile radio systems.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sieht Verfahrensschritte vor, die zum Betrieb der erfindungsgemäßen Sende- und Empfangsstation sowie deren Weiterbildungen notwendig sind.The method according to the invention provides procedural steps which are necessary for the operation of the transmitting and receiving station according to the invention and their further developments.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand eines in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the figure.
Die Figur zeigt als Sende- und Empfangsstation eine Basissta- tion für ein UMTS-FDD-Mobilfunksystem. Die Erfindung ist jedoch für Basisstationen beliebiger Mobilfunksysteme anwendbar, die zwei Teileinheiten aufweisen. Außerdem ist die Anwendung der Erfindung nicht auf Mobilfunksysteme beschränkt, sondern kann für Sende- und Empfangsstationen beliebiger FunkkommunikationsSysteme erfolgen.The figure shows a base station for a UMTS-FDD mobile radio system as the transmitting and receiving station. However, the invention can be used for base stations of any mobile radio systems which have two subunits. In addition, the application of the invention is not limited to mobile radio systems, but can take place for transmitting and receiving stations of any radio communication systems.
Gemäß der Figur weist die Basisstation eine erste Teileinheit Ul und eine zweite Teileinheit U2 auf. Bei der ersten Teileinheit Ul handelt es sich um eine lokale Einheit, die die wesentlichen Komponenten der Basisstation enthält. Die zweite Teileinheit U2 ist eine abgesetzte Einheit, die mit einer Antenne A verbunden ist, über die die Basisstation Sendesignale SS aussendet und Empfangssignale RS empfängt. Die Antenne A kann in die zweite Teileinheit U2 integriert sein oder separat von dieser ausgeführt sein. Die erste Teileinheit Ul weist eine Signalverarbeitungseinheit 1 auf, in der eine Ver- arbeitung der digitalisierten Sendesignale SS und Empfangssignale RS erfolgt. Die Signalverarbeitungseinheit 1 ist mit weiteren Komponenten des Mobilfunksystems verbunden (in der Figur nicht dargestellt) , wie beispielsweise einem Basisstationscontroller. Von diesen zentralen Einheiten empfängt sie zu übertragende Daten und sie überträgt empfangene Daten dorthin. Im oberen Teil der Figur ist ein Sendezweig für das auszusendende Sendesignal SS und im unteren Teil der Figur ein Empfangszweig für das Empfangssignal RS dargestellt. Die beiden Teileinheiten Ul, U2 sind über eine gemeinsame Leitung L in Form eines Hochfrequenzkabels miteinander verbunden. Die Leitung L ist Bestandteil sowohl des Sendezweiges als auch des Empfangszweiges.According to the figure, the base station has a first sub-unit U1 and a second sub-unit U2. The first subunit U1 is a local unit which contains the essential components of the base station. The second sub-unit U2 is a remote unit, which is connected to an antenna A, via which the base station transmits signals SS sends out and receives reception signals RS. The antenna A can be integrated in the second sub-unit U2 or can be designed separately from this. The first sub-unit U1 has a signal processing unit 1, in which the digitized transmission signals SS and reception signals RS are processed. The signal processing unit 1 is connected to other components of the mobile radio system (not shown in the figure), such as a base station controller. It receives data to be transmitted from these central units and transmits received data there. A transmission branch for the transmission signal SS to be transmitted is shown in the upper part of the figure and a reception branch for the reception signal RS in the lower part of the figure. The two sub-units U1, U2 are connected to one another via a common line L in the form of a high-frequency cable. The line L is part of both the transmission branch and the reception branch.
Im Sendezweig werden die in der Signalverarbeitungseinheit 1 erzeugten Basisbandsignale über einen Digital-/Analog-Wandler 2 in eine Zwischenfrequenzlage umgesetzt, anschließend durch einen ersten Frequenzumsetzer FC1 in Hochfrequenzsignale umgewandelt, anschließend leistungsmäßig in einem Verstärker 3 verstärkt und über eine erste Frequenzweiche FW1 der Leitung L zugeführt. In der zweiten Teileinheit U2 wird das Sendesignal SS im Sendezweig von der Leitung L über eine zweite Frequenzweiche FW2 durch einen weiteren Verstärker 4 (der bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung auch entfallen kann) erneut verstärkt und über einen Duplexer 5 der Antenne A zugeführt, die das Sendesignal SS über die Luftschnittstelle aussendet.In the transmission branch, the baseband signals generated in the signal processing unit 1 are converted into an intermediate frequency position via a digital / analog converter 2, then converted into high-frequency signals by a first frequency converter FC1, then amplified in terms of power in an amplifier 3 and via a first crossover FW1 of the line L. fed. In the second sub-unit U2, the transmission signal SS in the transmission branch is amplified again by the line L via a second crossover FW2 by a further amplifier 4 (which can also be omitted in other exemplary embodiments of the invention) and fed to the antenna A via a duplexer 5, which Sends transmission signal SS via the air interface.
Im Empfangszweig wird das von der Antenne A über die Luftschnittstelle empfangene hochfrequente Empfangssignal RS im Duplexer 5 vom in der Gegenrichtung zu übertragenden Sendesignal SS getrennt, rauscharm in einem Verstärker 6 verstärkt, in einem Filter 7 gefiltert, in einem zweiten Fre- quenzumsetzer FC2 rauscharm von der Hochfrequenz in eine Zwischenfrequenz umgesetzt und über die zweite Frequenzweiche FW2 der Leitung L zugeführt. In der ersten Teileinheit Ul gelangt das Emp angssignal RS über die erste Frequenzweiche FWl und einen Verstärker 8 und ein diesem nachgeschaltetes Filter 9 zu einem Analog-/Digital-Wandler 10, der das Empfangssignal RS von der Zwischenfrequenz in das Basisband umsetzt. Das Emp angssignal RS wird anschließend in der Signalverarbeitungseinheit 1 weiterverarbeitet .In the receiving branch, the high-frequency received signal RS received by the antenna A via the air interface in the duplexer 5 is separated from the transmitted signal SS to be transmitted in the opposite direction, amplified with little noise in an amplifier 6, filtered in a filter 7, in a second frequency low frequency converter FC2 converted from high frequency to an intermediate frequency and fed to line L via the second crossover FW2. In the first subunit Ul, the received signal RS arrives via the first crossover FW1 and an amplifier 8 and a filter 9 connected downstream thereof to an analog / digital converter 10, which converts the received signal RS from the intermediate frequency into the baseband. The received signal RS is then further processed in the signal processing unit 1.
Eventuell in den Sende- und Empfangszweigen noch weiter benötigte Verstärker, Dämpfungsglieder oder Filter sind dem Fachmann bekannt und aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit in der Figur nicht dargestellt.Any amplifiers, attenuators or filters that are still required in the transmission and reception branches are known to the person skilled in the art and are not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity.
Die erste Teileinheit Ul weist eine Generator G für ein Referenzsignal c auf, in dessen Abhängigkeit sowohl der erste Frequenzumsetzer FC1 als auch der zweite Frequenzumsetzer FC2 gesteuert wird. Der Generator G der ersten Teileinheit Ul leitet aus dem Referenzsignal c ein Steuersignal CI für den ersten Frequenzumsetzer FCl ab. Gleichzeitig wird das Referenzsignal c über die erste Frequenzweiche FWl und die Leitung L sowie die zweite Frequenzweiche FW2 zu einem Lokaloszillator 11 innerhalb der zweiten Teileinheit U2 übertragen. Dort wird aus dem Referenzsignal c ein Steuersignal C2 zum Steuern des zweiten Frequenzumsetzers FC2 abgeleitet.The first sub-unit U1 has a generator G for a reference signal c, depending on which both the first frequency converter FC1 and the second frequency converter FC2 are controlled. The generator G of the first sub-unit U1 derives a control signal CI for the first frequency converter FC1 from the reference signal c. At the same time, the reference signal c is transmitted via the first crossover FW1 and the line L and the second crossover FW2 to a local oscillator 11 within the second subunit U2. There, a control signal C2 for controlling the second frequency converter FC2 is derived from the reference signal c.
Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel liegt die Zwischenfrequenz sowohl für das Sendesignal SS als auch für das Empfangssignal RS im Bereich 100 bis 150 MHz. Die Hochfrequenz für das Empfangssignal RS liegt im Bereich 1920 bis 1980 MHz und die Hochfrequenz für das Sendesignal SS im Bereich 2110 bis 2170 MHz. Die Frequenz des Referenzsignals c beträgt etwa 40 MHz. Das Basisbandsignal innerhalb der Signalverarbeitungseinheit 1 beträgt sowohl für das Sendesignal SS als auch für das Empfangssignal RS zwischen 0 und 20 MHz. Da bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel das Sendesignal SS im Hochfrequenzbereich und das Empfangssignal RS im Zwischenfrequenzbereich über die Leitung L übertragen wird, lassen sich beide trotz der Übertragung über die gemeinsame Leitung L durch die beiden Frequenzweichen FWl, FW2 leicht voneinander trennen. Da auch das Referenzsignal c einen deutlichen Bandabstand zum Zwischenfrequenzbereich des Empfangssignals RS aufweist, lassen sich Sendesignal SS und Empfangssignal RS auch einfach vom Referenzsignal c trennen. Daher können die Frequenzweichen FWl, FW2 kostengünstig realisiert werden.In this exemplary embodiment, the intermediate frequency for the transmission signal SS as well as for the reception signal RS is in the range from 100 to 150 MHz. The high frequency for the received signal RS is in the range from 1920 to 1980 MHz and the high frequency for the transmitted signal SS is in the range from 2110 to 2170 MHz. The frequency of the reference signal c is approximately 40 MHz. The baseband signal within the signal processing unit 1 is between 0 and 20 MHz both for the transmission signal SS and for the reception signal RS. Since in this embodiment the transmission signal SS in the high frequency range and the received signal RS is transmitted in the intermediate frequency range via the line L, both can be easily separated from one another by the two crossovers FW1, FW2 despite the transmission via the common line L. Since the reference signal c also has a clear band gap to the intermediate frequency range of the received signal RS, the transmitted signal SS and the received signal RS can also be easily separated from the reference signal c. Therefore, the crossovers FW1, FW2 can be implemented inexpensively.
Bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung kann das Referenzsignal c auch in der zweiten Teileinheit U2 erzeugt und über die Leitung L zur ersten Teileinheit Ul übertragen werden. Es ist auch möglich, das zum Steuern der Frequenzumset- zer FCl, FC2 voneinander unabhängige Steuersignale CI, C2 verwendet werden. Ferner kann das Referenzsignal c zwischen den beiden Teileinheiten Ul, U2 über eine separate Leitung übertragen werden.In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the reference signal c can also be generated in the second subunit U2 and transmitted via the line L to the first subunit U1. It is also possible to use control signals CI, C2 which are independent of one another for controlling the frequency converters FC1, FC2. Furthermore, the reference signal c can be transmitted between the two sub-units U1, U2 via a separate line.
Bei wiederum anderen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass der erste Frequenzumsetzer FCl für das Sendesignal SS in der zweiten Teileinheit U2 und der zweite Frequenzumsetzer FC2 für das Empfangssignal RS in der ersten Teileinheit Ul angeordnet ist. Bei diesen Ausführungsbeispie- len erfolgt dann eine Übertragung über die Leitung L für das Sendesignal SS im Zwischenfrequenzbereich und für das Empfangssignal RS im Hochfrequenzbereich.In still other exemplary embodiments of the invention, it is possible for the first frequency converter FC1 for the transmit signal SS to be arranged in the second subunit U2 and the second frequency converter FC2 for the receive signal RS to be arranged in the first subunit U1. In these exemplary embodiments, there is then a transmission via line L for the transmit signal SS in the intermediate frequency range and for the receive signal RS in the high frequency range.
Bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung können weite- re Frequenzumsetzer im Sende- und/oder Empfangszweig vorgesehen sein, die in weiteren Stufen eine Umsetzung der Zwischen- frequenzsignale auf weitere Zwischenfrequenzen vornehmen. Es sind auch Ausführungsbeispiele möglich, bei denen eine Umsetzung in den Zwischenfrequenzbereichen entfällt und die Fre- quenzumsetzer FCl, FC2 unmittelbar eine Umsetzung vom Basisband in den Hochfrequenzbereich bzw . umgekehrt vornehmen . Die Frequenzweichen FCl, FC2 können durch einfache Tiefpässe, Hochpässe und Bandpässe realisiert werden. Werden dagegen, abweichend von der Erfindung, sowohl das Sendesignal SS als auch das Empfangssignal RS im Hochfrequenzbereich über die Leitung L übertragen, müssen Duplexer zur Trennung von Sende- und Empfangszweig mit aufwendigen und damit teuren Hochfrequenzfiltern zum Einsatz kommen.In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, further frequency converters can be provided in the transmitting and / or receiving branch, which convert the intermediate frequency signals to further intermediate frequencies in further stages. Embodiments are also possible in which there is no conversion in the intermediate frequency ranges and the frequency converters FC1, FC2 immediately convert from the baseband to the high frequency range or. vice versa. The crossovers FCl, FC2 can be implemented by simple low-pass, high-pass and band-pass. If, on the other hand, deviating from the invention, both the transmission signal SS and the reception signal RS are transmitted in the high-frequency range via the line L, duplexers must be used to separate the transmission and reception branches with complex and therefore expensive high-frequency filters.
Die Erfindung hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass Frequenzweichen der genannten Art eine wesentlich geringere Einfügedämpfung für das jeweils zu übertragende Signal als die genannten Duplexer haben, so dass eine verbesserte Signalqualität erzielbar ist oder die Leistung der Verstärker 3, 4, 6, 8 bei gleicher Signalqualität reduziert werden kann. Bei dem in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ergibt sich für den Empfangszweig der weitere Vorteil, dass die Dämpfung durch die Leitung L für die Übertragung im Zwischenfrequenzbereich deutlich geringer ist als im Falle von einer Übertragung von Hochfrequenzsignalen. Dies ist für den Empfangszweig von be- sonderer Bedeutung, da die Emp ngssignale für gewöhnlich eine viel geringere Signalstärke aufweisen, als die Sendesignale.The invention has the further advantage that crossovers of the type mentioned have a significantly lower insertion loss for the signal to be transmitted in each case than the duplexers mentioned, so that improved signal quality can be achieved or the performance of the amplifiers 3, 4, 6, 8 with the same signal quality can be reduced. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the reception branch has the further advantage that the attenuation through line L for transmission in the intermediate frequency range is significantly lower than in the case of transmission of high-frequency signals. This is of particular importance for the reception branch, since the received signals usually have a much lower signal strength than the transmitted signals.
Günstig beim in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist auch, dass der Leistungsverstärker 3 zusammen mit der von ihm benötigten Kühlvorrichtung in der lokalen ersten Teileinheit Ul angeordnet ist. Zu derartigen Kühlvorrichtungen gehören Kühlrippen und Lüfter, die bei einer Anordnung des Verstärkers 3 in der zweiten Einheit U2 zu einem erhöhten Platz- bedarf und Gewicht führen würde. Dies ist insbesondere bei einer Mastmontage der mit der Antenne A verbundenen zweiten Teileinheit U2 unerwünscht . It is also favorable in the exemplary embodiment shown in the figure that the power amplifier 3 is arranged in the local first sub-unit U1 together with the cooling device required by it. Such cooling devices include cooling fins and fans, which would lead to an increased space requirement and weight if the amplifier 3 were arranged in the second unit U2. This is undesirable in particular in the case of mast mounting of the second sub-unit U2 connected to the antenna A.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Sende- und Empfangsstation für ein Funkkommunikationssystem - mit zwei Teileinheiten (Ul, U2) , die über eine Leitung (L) miteinander verbunden sind, mit einem Sendezweig für ein über eine Luftschnittstelle zu übertragendes Sendesignal (SS) , mit einem Empfangszweig für ein über die Luftschnittstelle zu empfangendes Empfangssignal (RS) , deren Leitung (L) Bestandteil sowohl des Sendezweigs als auch des Empfangszweigs ist, deren Sendezweig einen ersten Frequenzumsetzer (FCl) aufweist zum Umsetzen des Sendesignals (SS) von einer niedri- geren auf eine höhere Frequenz, deren Empfangszweig einen zweiten Frequenzumsetzer (FC2) aufweist zum Umsetzen des Empfangssignals von einer höheren auf eine niedrigere Frequenz und deren erster Frequenzumsetzer (FCl) in einer der bei- den Teileinheiten (Ul) und deren zweiter Frequenzumsetzer (FC2) in der anderen Teileinheit (U2) angeordnet ist.1. Sending and receiving station for a radio communication system - with two sub-units (U1, U2), which are connected to one another via a line (L), with a transmitting branch for a transmitting signal (SS) to be transmitted via an air interface, with a receiving branch for one Received signal (RS) to be received via the air interface, the line (L) of which is part of both the transmission branch and the reception branch, the transmission branch of which has a first frequency converter (FCl) for converting the transmission signal (SS) from a lower to a higher frequency whose reception branch has a second frequency converter (FC2) for converting the received signal from a higher to a lower frequency and whose first frequency converter (FCl) in one of the two subunits (U1) and its second frequency converter (FC2) in the other subunit ( U2) is arranged.
2. Sende- und Empfangsstation nach Anspruch 1, mit einer Sende- und Empfangsantenneneinheit (A) , die über eine der beiden Teileinheiten (U2) und die Leitung (L) mit der anderen Teileinheit (Ul) verbunden ist.2. Transmitting and receiving station according to claim 1, with a transmitting and receiving antenna unit (A) which is connected via one of the two sub-units (U2) and the line (L) to the other sub-unit (U1).
3. Sende- und Empfangsstation nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, mit je einer Frequenzweiche (FWl, FW2) in der ersten und in der zweiten Teileinheit (Ul, U2), über die sowohl der Empfangszweig als auch der Sendezweig mit der Leitung (L) verbunden ist. 3. Transmitting and receiving station according to one of the preceding claims, each with a crossover (FWl, FW2) in the first and in the second subunit (U1, U2), via which both the receiving branch and the transmitting branch with the line (L) connected is.
4. Sende- und Empfangsstation nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, bei der die höheren Frequenzen des ersten und des zweiten Frequenzumsetzers (FWl, FW2) Hochfrequenzen sind, mittels derer das Sendesignal (SS) und das Empfangssignal (RS) über die Luftschnittstelle aussendbar und empfangbar sind.4. Transmitting and receiving station according to one of the preceding claims, in which the higher frequencies of the first and the second frequency converter (FW1, FW2) are high frequencies by means of which the transmission signal (SS) and the reception signal (RS) can be transmitted and received via the air interface are.
5. Sende- und Emp angsstation nach einem der vorstehenden An- sprüche, mit einem Generator (G) für ein Referenzsignal (c) in einer der beiden Teileinheiten (Ul) , dessen Ausgang mit der Leitung (L) verbunden ist, so dass das Referenzsignal (c) zur anderen Teileinheit (U2) übertragbar ist, - deren Frequenzumsetzer (FC2) in der anderen Teileinheit (U2) in Abhängigkeit vom Referenzsignal (c) steuerbar ist.5. Transmitting and receiving station according to one of the preceding claims, with a generator (G) for a reference signal (c) in one of the two sub-units (U1), the output of which is connected to the line (L), so that the Reference signal (c) can be transmitted to the other subunit (U2), - whose frequency converter (FC2) can be controlled in the other subunit (U2) as a function of the reference signal (c).
6. Sende- und Empfangsstation nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, die eine Basisstation eines Mobilfunksystems ist.6. Transmitting and receiving station according to one of the preceding claims, which is a base station of a mobile radio system.
7. Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Sende- und Empfangsstation für ein Funkkommunikationssystem, bei dem ein über eine Luftschnittstelle zu übertragendes Sendesig- nal (SS) in einem Sendezweig über eine Leitung (L) zwischen zwei Teileinheiten (Ul, U2) der Sende- und Empfangsstation übertragen wird, ein über die Luftschnittstelle empfangenes Empfangssignal (RS) ebenfalls über die Leitung (L) zwischen den beiden Teileinheiten (Ul, U2) übertragen wird, das Sendesignals (SS) in einer der beiden Teileinheiten (Ul) von einer niedrigeren auf eine höhere Frequenz umgesetzt wird und das Empfangssignals (RS) in der anderen Teileinheit7. Method for operating a transmitting and receiving station for a radio communication system, in which a transmitting signal (SS) to be transmitted via an air interface in a transmitting branch via a line (L) between two subunits (U1, U2) of the transmitting and receiving station is transmitted, a received signal (RS) received via the air interface is also transmitted via the line (L) between the two subunits (Ul, U2), the transmit signal (SS) in one of the two subunits (Ul) from a lower to a higher one Frequency is implemented and the received signal (RS) in the other subunit
(U2) von einer höheren auf eine niedrigere Frequenz umgesetzt wird. (U2) is converted from a higher to a lower frequency.
PCT/EP2004/051781 2003-08-26 2004-08-12 Transceiver station for a wireless communication system, and method for the operation thereof WO2005022940A1 (en)

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US5774788A (en) * 1995-03-17 1998-06-30 Hughes Electronics Remote ground terminal having an outdoor unit with a frequency-multiplier
US6298246B1 (en) * 1997-11-20 2001-10-02 Airspan Networks, Inc. Subscriber terminal and method for passing control signals between a first and second signal processing units
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