WO2005020791A2 - Electromagnetic radiation transparent device and method of making thereof - Google Patents
Electromagnetic radiation transparent device and method of making thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005020791A2 WO2005020791A2 PCT/US2004/027244 US2004027244W WO2005020791A2 WO 2005020791 A2 WO2005020791 A2 WO 2005020791A2 US 2004027244 W US2004027244 W US 2004027244W WO 2005020791 A2 WO2005020791 A2 WO 2005020791A2
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- pattern
- electrically conductive
- conductive material
- medical stent
- stent
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/90—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/91—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheet material or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L31/022—Metals or alloys
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/12—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L31/121—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix
- A61L31/124—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having an inorganic matrix of other specific inorganic materials not covered by A61L31/122 or A61L31/123
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/18—Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/285—Invasive instruments, e.g. catheters or biopsy needles, specially adapted for tracking, guiding or visualization by NMR
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/36—Image-producing devices or illumination devices not otherwise provided for
- A61B90/37—Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
- A61B2090/374—NMR or MRI
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/055—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/009—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof magnetic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
- A61F2220/0016—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/16—Screening or neutralising undesirable influences from or using, atmospheric or terrestrial radiation or fields
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N2/00—Magnetotherapy
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to stent designs, deployment devices for stents, and the fabrications thereof. More particularly, the present invention is directed to stents which produce little or no magnetic resonance image artifacts and the fabrications thereof.
- BACKGROUND ART [0002] The use of stents as a medical corrective and preventive device is well known.
- United States Patent 5,133,732 discloses that a stent can be implanted into a body vessel.
- the stenl is a cylindrical body fo ⁇ ned by a coiled generally- continuous wire with a deformable zig-zag structure.
- the stent is further provided with means for preventing the stent body from stretching along its longitudinal axis. This stent is especially useful when implanting very long stents by means of balloon expansion.
- the entire content of United States Patent 5,133,732 is hereby incorporated by reference.
- United States Patent 5,507,767 discloses that a self- expanding endo vascular stent is formed of stainless steel wire which is bent into an elongated zigzag pattern.
- the zigzag pattern has a plurality of substantially straight wire sections of various lengths separating a plurality of bends.
- the zigzag pattern is helically wound about a central axis to define a tubular shape such that a majority of the bends is disposed in a helix. Adjacent bends in the helix are interconnected with a filament.
- the entire content of United States Patent 5,507,767 is hereby incorporated by reference.
- Magnetic resonance imaging has been developed as an imaging technique adapted to obtain both images of anatomical features of human patients as well as some aspects of the functional activities and characteristics of biological tissue. These images have medical diagnostic value in determining the state of the health of the tissue examined. Unlike the situation with fluoroscopic imaging, a patient undergoing magnetic resonance imaging procedure may remain in the active imaging system for a significant amount of time, e.g. a half-hour or more, without suffering any adverse effects.
- a patient is typically aligned to place the portion of the patient's anatomy to be examined in the imaging volume of the MRI apparatus.
- Such an MRI apparatus typically comprises a primary electromagnet for supplying a constant magnetic field (Bo) which, by convention, is along the z-axis and is substantially homogeneous over the imaging volume and secondary electromagnets that can provide linear magnetic field gradients along each of three principal Cartesian axes in space (generally x, y, and z, or xi, x 2 and x 3 , respectively).
- the MRI apparatus also comprises one or more RF (radio frequency) coils which provide excitation and detection of the MRI induced signals in the patient's body.
- the gradient fields are switched ON and OFF at different rates depending on the
- the frequency that a gradient field may be turned ON can be between 200Hz to about 300kHz.
- Medical devices which are placed into a patient's body can cause the magnetic fields of the MRI system to deviate from their preferred characteristics for clear imaging.
- a medical device comprises metallic components (such as iron), image artifacts result due to the metal's magnetic susceptibility properties distorting the MRI system applied magnetic fields. These are known as susceptibility artifacts.
- the medical device comprises conductive components, eddy currents develop in these conductive components when the MRI system's oscillating magnetic fields are applied. The eddy currents distort the net magnetic fields in the imaging volume, thereby providing another source for MR imaging artifacts.
- a stent After a stent is inserted into a patient, it is often desirable, over time, to determine if the stent is performing as expected. In the case, for example, of deploying a stent to correct a stenosis problem, it is desirable to determine if liere is any indication of restenosis. This, as well as for other medical situations, requires obtaining images of the volume inside the stent. Due to the image artifact problems, described above, inherent in metallic, conductive stents, it is not possible to obtain clear MR images of the interior volume of the stents.
- WIPO PCT publication WO 03/015662 Al discloses that a metallic endoprosthesis causes no significant artifacts on images taken by magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), as a result of the combination of the production materials with a special design, which permits an evaluation of the externally adjacent region and the lumen of the endoprosthesis by means of MRT.
- MRT magnetic resonance tomography
- the above-described stents can be used to help a patient, these stents still cause magnetic resonance imaging artifacts. Moreover, the above-described stents prevent the imaging of the volume within the stent during magnetic resonance imaging. [0017] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a stent which produces little to no magnetic resonance imaging artifacts. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a stent that allows the imaging of the volume within the stent. Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a stent which produces little to no magnetic resonance imaging artifacts and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrically conductive structure.
- the electrically conductive structure includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the electrically conductive structure.
- the medical device includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the medical device.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrically conductive structure.
- the electrically conductive structure includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially allows imaging of a volume within the electrically conductive structure.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrically conductive structure.
- the electrically conductive structure includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the medical device and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the electrically conductive structure.
- the medical device includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially allows imaging of a volume within the medical device.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical device.
- the medical device includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the medical device and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the medical device.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrically conductive structure.
- the electrically conductive structure includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the electrically conductive structure.
- the medical device includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the medical device.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrically conductive structure.
- the electrically conductive structure includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the electrically conductive structure.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electrically conductive structure.
- the electrically conductive structure includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the medical device and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the electrically conductive structure.
- the medical device includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the medical device.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical device.
- the medical device includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents creation of an imaging artifact by the medical device and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the medical device.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable upon application of heal, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable upon application of heat the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable upon application of heat, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the electrically conductive material so as to substantially prevent the electrically conductive material from moving in such a way as to reduce the radius of the medical stent
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the electrically conductive material so as to substantially prevent the electrically conductive material from moving in such a way as to reduce the radius of the medical stent.
- the pattem of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the electrically conductive material so as to substantially prevent the electrically conductive material from moving in such a way as to reduce the radius of the medical stent.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the electrically conductive material so as to allow the electrically conductive material to move in a single direction.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the electrically conductive material so as to allow the electrically conductive material to move in a single direction.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a pattern of electrically conductive material and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the electrically conductive material so as to allow the electrically conductive material to move in a single direction.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material substantially prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and substantially allows imaging of a volume within the stent.
- the electrically conductive material is shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the electrically conductive material causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a plurality of links, each link being connected together so as to form a cylindrical shaped medical stent, each link being shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the links causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a plurality of links, each link being connected together so as to form a cylindrical shaped medical stent, each link being shaped so as to be expandable upon application of heat, the expansion of the links causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a plurality of links, each link being connected together so as to form a cylindrical shaped medical stent, each link being shaped so as to be expandable, the expansion of the links causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent; and a track-and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the links so as to substantially prevent the links from moving in such a way as to reduce the radius of the medical stent.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a medical stent.
- the medical stent includes a plurality of links, each link being connected together so as to form a cylindrical shaped medical stent, each link being shaped so as to be expandable upon application of heat, the expansion of the links causing an increase in a radius of the medical stent; and a track- and-lock mechanism having a shape substantially matching the shape of the links so as to allow the links to move in a single direction.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating a medical stent.
- the method cuts a first cylinder of electrically conductive material so as to create a first pattern of conductive mesh strands having a plurality of nodes; cuts a second cylinder of electrically conductive material so as to create a first pattern of conductive mesh strands having a plurality of nodes; positions the first cylinder into a volume of the second cylinder and positioning the first cylinder with respect to the second cylinder such the nodes of the first cylinder are close to the nodes of the second cylinder without the nodes of the first cylinder touching the nodes of the second cylinder; and applies a non-conductive binding material to adjacent nodes of the two cylinders.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating a medical stent.
- the method cuts a first cylinder of electrically conductive material so as to create a first pattern of conductive mesh strands having a plurality of nodes; cuts a second cylinder of electrically conductive material so as to create a first pattern of conductive mesh strands having a plurality of nodes; positions the first cylinder into a volume of the second cylinder and positioning the first cylinder with respect to the second cylinder such the nodes of the first cylinder are close to the nodes of the second cylinder without the nodes of the first cylinder touching the nodes of the second cylinder; positions a third cylinder of a non- conductive binding material between the first and second cylinders; and applies heat to the adjacent nodes of the first and second cylinders to cause the non-conductive binding material to bind the adjacent nodes together.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating a medical stent.
- the method produces a web of conductive strands wherein at all the cross-over points, a non-conductive material is applied to hold the cross-over point strands in place and to electrically isolate the conductive strands from one another; cuts a portion of the web to produce a sheet of conductive strands; forms the sheet of conductive strands into a cylinder shape; and attaches ends of sheet together to hold the cylinder shape in place.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [0055]
- the present invention may take form in various components and arrangements of components, and in various steps and arrangements of steps.
- the drawings are only for purposes of illustrating a preferred embodiment and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, wherein:
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of two conductive loops in a changing magnetic field
- Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a conductor in a "figure-8" configuration in a changing magnetic field
- Figure 3 is an illustration of one stent embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figure 4 is an illustration of another stent embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is an illustration of another stent embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is an illustration of another stent embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figure 7 illustrates a curved stent mesh embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figures 8 and 9 illustrate a stent mesh by a "Z"-like shape strand according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figure 10 illustrates a stent mesh embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figure 11 illustrates a cross-over node in a stent mesh according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figure 12 illustrates another cross-over node in a stent mesh according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figure 13 illustrates another stent embodiment according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figure 14 illustrates a stent within a body which is heated by application of external RF energy
- Figure 15 is a cross sectional view of a coated stent according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figures 16 through 21 illustrate various steps in the creation of a medical stent according to the concepts of the present invention
- Figures 22 through 24 illustrate the use of a planar conductive weave sheet material from which a stent is formed according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figures 25 and 26 illustrate a locking mechanism for an expandable stent according to the concepts of the present invention.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of induced currents 110 and 112 in two conductive rings 102 and 104, respectively, when the conductive rings 102 & 104 are placed in an environment in which there is an oscillating magnetic field 106.
- both currents 110 & 112 travel in a clockwise direction. But as the magnetic field oscillates, the direction of these currents 110 & 112 will diminish to zero and then begin to circulate in a counter-clockwise direction (not shown.)
- Figure 2 illustrates when the conductive rings 102 & 104 have been electrically joined together to form a single "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductor 120.
- the two lobes 126 & 128 of the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductor 120 have equal planar areas.
- the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductor 120 is electrically insulated at the cross-over point 124.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a portion of a medical stent 130, according to the concepts of the present invention.
- the illustrated medical stent 130 includes multiple "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductors 132, 134, 136 & 138.
- the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductors 132, 134, 136 & 138 are electrically insulated at the cross-over points 131.
- the cross-over points 131 may also provide mechanical support for the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductors 132, 134, 136 & 138
- the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductors 132, 134, 136 & 138 are fastened together by non-conductive connectors 140. These connectors 140 may be constructed of Teflon®, Tefzel®, a nonconductive polymer, silicon, or other nonconductive material.
- the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductors 132, 134, 136 & 138 may be, for example, tantalum, nitinol, copper, or other conductive material or conductive composite material, which has a low magnetic susceptibility.
- the "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductors realize immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- each "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductor has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 4 illustrates a portion of a medical stent 160, according to the concepts of the present invention.
- the illustrated medical stent 160 includes conductors 162 & 164 having sequential conductive loops to form the cylindrical surface of the medical stent 160.
- the sequential conductive loops form two or more sequential "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductive loop pairs wherein each sequentially looped conductor 162 & 164 contains an even number of loops.
- the conductor 164 is electrically isolated by an insulation member 165 to prevent short circuiting the overall loop sequence.
- the conductor 162 is electrically isolated by an insulation member 167 to prevent short circuiting the overall loop sequence.
- the insulation members 165 and 167, at the crossover points 168 & 169, can also provide mechanical support for conductors 162 & 164 so that the shape is maintained.
- the sequentially looped conductors 162 & 164 are fastened to each other using non-conductive material 166. Material 166 also provides means for securing the sequentially looped conductor 162 & 164 from slipping through the fasteners 166. Additional sequentially looped conductors (not shown) are added to complete the stent construction. [0083]
- the sequentially looped conductors realize immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult. In other words, each sequentially looped conductor has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of a medical stent 170, according to the concepts of the present invention.
- the illustrated medical stent 170 includes a single conductor 172 weaved into a loop mesh to define the stent cylinder.
- the weave for example, beginning at 174, traces down the length of the to-be-constructed stent cylinder 170 and then back up the cylinder length to define an even number of loops.
- the pattern formed by the weave may be sinusoidal, "Z" shaped, zig-zag shaped, or sawtooth shaped or other such pattern that traverses back and forth with respect to a direction that is perpendicular to the progressive direction of travel of the trace. This pattern forms two or more runs of two or more sequential "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductive loop pairs wherein each run of two or more sequential "figure-8" shaped or emulating conductive loop pairs contains an even number of loops.
- the conductor 172 continues to weave down and up the length of the cylinder to the point 176. To complete the stent, the weave continues in a like fashion around the circumference of the yet to-be-defined cylinder stent
- a nonconductive material 179 is used to electrically insulate the conductor 172 from itself. Additionally, the nonconductive material
- a nonconductive material 177 is used to electrically insulate the conductor 172 from itself. Additionally, the nonconductive material
- the weave pattern of the conductor realizes immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the weave pattern has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 6 illustrates a portion of a cylinder shaped stent 190 being constructed from a single conductive material 192 in a weave pattern.
- the conductor completes a circumferential sine-wave-like pattern rather than the longitudinal sine-wave-like pattern shown in Figure 5.
- the circumferential pattern formed by the weave may also be sawtooth or other such pattern that traverses back and forth with respect to a direction that is perpendicular to the progressive direction of travel of the trace.
- nonconductive materials 191 & 193 are used to electrically insulate the conductive material 192 from itself. Additionally, the nonconductive materials 191 & 193 secure the crossed-over conductive material 192, along a run, from deforming or slipping or otherwise changing the intra-run cross-over points.
- a nonconductive material 195 is used to electrically insulate the conductive material 192 from itself. Additionally, the nonconductive material 195 secures the crossed-over conductive material 192, between runs, from deforming or slipping or otherwise changing the inter-run cross-over points.
- the circumferential pattern realizes immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the circumferential pattern has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figures 7-9 illustrate how the curved segments of the sine-wave like shape of the weaves mentioned in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 can be replaced by "Z" shaped, zig-zag shaped, or sawtooth shaped segments.
- Figure 7 shows a typical cross-over point of a stent weave.
- conductors 200 and 202 are fastened together by a non-conductive material 201 which electrically insulates the conductors 200 and 202 (or a single conductor) from each other. It is noted that conductors 200 and 202 are continuous, not discontinuous, through non-conductive material 201.
- Figure 8 shows one possible alternative to the curved weave segments 200 and
- the conductive segments have a "Z" shaped, zig-zag shaped, or sawtooth shaped.
- the conductive segments 204 and 206 do not cross over each other.
- the conductive segments 204 and 206 are fastened to each other by material 208 which electrically isolates conductive segments 204 and 206 from each other.
- the "Z" shaped segments of conductive segments 204 and 206 straighten out to increase the overall diameter of the cylinder defined by the stent. This is shown in Figure 9 wherein the conductive segments 204 and 206 have been straightened, thus increasing their span length and the overall diameter of the cylinder defined by the stent.
- Figure 10 shows a conductive cylinder medical stent 220 mesh comprising many conductive strands 221 and junctions 222.
- the conductors complete a sine-wavelike pattern.
- the pattern formed by the conductors may be circumferential or longitudinal. It is noted that the pattern formed by the conductors may also be "Z" shaped, zig-zag shaped, or sawtooth shaped or other such pattern that traverses back and forth with respect to a direction that is perpendicular to the progressive direction of travel of the trace.
- the pattern formed by the conductors realizes immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the pattern formed by the conductors has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- FIG 11 illustrates an expanded view of a junction 222, according to the concepts of the present invention.
- the junction 222 includes four conductive strands 224, 226, 228 & 230 fastened together and electrically isolated from one another by the non- conductive material 234.
- Small holes 225, 227, 229 & 231 are optionally fabricated into the ends of the conductive strands 224, 226, 228 & 230 so that the fastening material 234 may be shaped to include protrusions to securely fasten to the strands 224, 226, 228 & 230 with no possibility of any of the strands slipping out of the material 234.
- conductive strand 224 may be electrically connected to conductive strand 230, while conductive strand 226 may be electrically connected to conductive strand 228.
- conductive strand 224 may be electrically connected to conductive strand 226, while conductive strand 230 may be electrically connected to conductive strand
- connection pattern of certain ends of the conductive strands realizes immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the connection pattern of certain ends of the conductive strands has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 12 shows the conductive strands
- the fastening material 234 may be shaped around the barbed ends 240, 242, 246 & 248 to securely fasten to the strands 224, 226, 228 & 230 with no possibility of any of the strands slipping out of the material 234.
- conductive barbed end 240 may be electrically connected to conductive barbed end 242, while conductive barbed end 246 may be electrically connected to conductive barbed end 248.
- conductive barbed end 240 may be electrically connected to conductive barbed end
- conductive barbed end 248 may be electrically connected to conductive barbed end 242.
- connection pattern of certain barbed ends of the conductive strands realizes immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the connection pattern of certain barbed ends of the conductive strands has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 13 illustrates another type of conductive stent weave which can be employed as a stent or as a component of a stent.
- the conductor 260 is formed to produce a loop 261 that would have induced current flowing in a first direction, a loop 264 that would have induced current flowing in a second direction, a loop 266 that would have induced current flowing in the first direction, and a loop 268 that would have induced current flowing in the second direction, the first direction being opposite of the second direction.
- the direction changing pattern 263 enables the adjacent loops to have induced currents flowing in opposite directions.
- nonconductive materials 267 & 265 are used to electrically insulate the conductive material 260 from itself. Additionally, the nonconductive materials 267 & 265 secure the crossed-over conductive material 260 from deforming or slipping or otherwise changing the cross-over points.
- non-conductive structural ribbing 262 may also be added to increase the structure strength and integrity of the overall stent.
- the stacked loop pattern, with interspersed direction changing pattern realizes immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the stacked loop pattern, with interspersed direction changing pattern has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 14 illustrates the deployment of an arterial stent 302.
- the arterial stent 302 is initially attached to a guidewire 306 at its distal end 304 and is positioned into place within a body 310 and within an artery 308.
- the arterial stent 302 is fabricated out of a memory material, for example, nitinol which, when heated, returns to a previous manufactured shape. [0113] Initially the arterial stent 302 has a small cylindrical diameter.
- the arterial stent 302 will heat up and expand to its final deployed diameter.
- the distal end 304 of the guidewire 306 is coated with a material which is particularly efficient at converting the RF energy 312 into heat energy to heat and activate the stent 302 expansion.
- the arterial stent 302 which may be a mesh or weave like stent as describe above, is coated with a material 322 (see Figure 15) which is particularly efficient at converting the RF energy 312 (see Figure 15) into heat energy.
- the arterial stent 302 should be constructed to realize immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the arterial stent 302 should be constructed to have an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 15 shows a cross-section of the arterial stent 302 which is comprised of the stent mesh shape memory material 320 coated with heating material 322. Alternatively, only the outside of the stent mesh 320 is coated with the heating material 322. Alternatively, only the inside of the stent mesh 320 is coated with the heating material 322.
- the RF energy 312 may be that which is transmitted by an MRI system (not shown) or may be that from some other RF transmitter (not shown). It is known that in some cases and under some conditions long conductors in an MRI environment can heat up. When this phenomenon is incorporated into the catheter or guide-wire which is part of the overall stent delivery system, this heat energy can be utilized to activate the shape memory material expansion, thus expanding the stent.
- Figure 16-21 illustrate one possible fabrication process for a medical stent.
- the initial stock material 349 for example, tantalum; is in the shape of a hollow cylinder.
- the cylinder may be cut into a pattern as illustrated in Figure 17, for example.
- the cutting of the cylinder stock material 349 may be accomplished by laser cutting or by other means.
- Figure 17 shows the resulting cut cylinder 351 which comprises end rings 350 and 354, and one half of the stent pattern mesh strands 356, 358 & 360. (Other mesh strands are shown as dashed lines for clarity.)
- FIG. 18 shows two such cut cylinders 351 positioned such that one cylinder has been rotated by 180 degrees; so that the two end rings 354 are close to each other. As the arrows 355 in Figure 18 illustrate, one cylinder is to be slid into the other. This may be accomplished in several different ways including: heating one of the cut cylinders so that it expands and/or fabricating one of the two cut cylinders out a cylinder stock material which is slightly smaller in diameter than the other.
- Figure 19 illustrates the two cut cylinders in their final position. The orientation is such that the nodes in the cut pattern 381 & 382 are close together, but are not touching.
- the two cut cylinders realize immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the two cut cylinders have an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- Figure 20 illustrates the application of a non-conductive binding material 390, for example, silicon rubber or other thermoplastic or thermoset polymer, or glass, etc. at each of the nodes 381 & 382 which rigidly fasten the conductive mesh strands 356, 358 & 360 together.
- the resulting stent mesh 388 is then cut from the supporting nubs 362 & 364 of
- the pattern that is cut out of the initial hollow cylinder stock of Figure 16 may alternatively include "Z" shaped, zig-zag shaped, or sawtooth shaped segments as shown in
- Figure 8 which facilitates the final stent's ability to expand radially.
- the non-conductive binding material 390 of Figure 20 is initially in the form of a hollow cylinder which is so dimensioned as to fit between the two cut cylinders 351 forming three concentric cylinders, the binding material 390 cylinder being the middle layer.
- the application of a laser or other means then melts the binding material 390 at the nodes as well as eliminates unwanted binding material.
- the weaving of the conductive material (see, for example,
- Figure 5 is used to produce a sheet stock planar material 400 illustrated in Figure 22.
- non-conductive materials 401 and 403 is applied to hold the cross-over point strands in place and to electrically isolate the conductive strands from one another.
- a portion 406 of the planar woven sheet or web is cut from the initial woven sheet 400.
- the dashed lines 402 and 404 indicate where a cut through the woven sheet or web 400 is made.
- Figures 23 and 24 show the cut portion 406 being rolled into a cylinder shape.
- the cut strand which come together as the cut edges 402 and 404, are brought together and then attached to one another to hold the stent together.
- the attachment may be affected by either a conductive material (solder, welding, etc.) or by a non-conductive means (glass, polymer, etc.)
- conductive metallic stents are coated with a nano-magnetic thin film coating which reduces the amount of eddy currents generated by the oscillating magnetic fields of an MRI system.
- multiple lays of various compositions and/or thicknesses are applied to the stents.
- only portions of the stent are coated with the nano-magnetic thin films, thus changing the
- non-magnetic stents are coating with a nano-magnetic thin film coating which alters the magnetic fields of the MRI system enough for the stent to be visible in an MR image without distorting the image of the tissue a short distance from the stent.
- conductive metallic stent is coated with a carbon composite material, in part, in patterns, or in whole.
- non-conductive stents are coated with a carbon composite material, in part, in patterns, or in whole.
- Figures 25 and 26 illustrate a stent 500 which is, initially, at its smallest radius
- the stent 500 is in the shape of a cylinder.
- Figure 25 illustrates a cross section of the stent 500.
- a stent strand 512 is wrapped within the stent 500 to reduce the cylindrical radius 501 before deployment with a body.
- the stent 500 has a track-and-lock mechanism 502 through which stent strand 512 passes and is confined to.
- Figure 26 gives one example of a track-and-lock mechanism 502. A portion
- the stent strand 512 has teeth which match that of the teeth 510 -within the track-and-lock mechanism 502.
- the stent strand 512 is confined to move in the guide slot 514 and can only move in such a way so as to increase the overall radius 501 of the cylinder stent 500.
- the shape of the teeth of the stent strand 512 and the shape of the teeth of the track-and-lock mechanism 502 prevent the stent strand 512 from moving in such a way as to reduce the cylinder radius 501.
- the stent when deployed with; e.g. a balloon catheter system (not shown); the stent may be expanded to its full and final radius and locked into that radius.
- the various stent embodiments realize immunity from the electromagnetic interference or insult.
- the stent has an anti-antenna geometrical shape such that the anti-antenna geometrical shape prevents the medical stent from creating an imaging artifact and/or allows the imaging of the volume within the stent.
- the various embodiments discussed above have been described in the context of a medical stent, the various concepts and aspects of the present invention are readily applicable to other devices and uses.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material can be used in medical devices having electrically conductive structures that would, under normal circumstances, generate imaging artifacts and/or heat in response to the imaging processes, such as magnetic radiation imaging (MRI), and/or radio frequency radiation so as to make the medical devices imaging artifact immune and heat resistant.
- the pattern of electrically conductive material could be used to create an imaging artifact immune and heat resistant mail for a doctor's glove or clothing.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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JP2006524764A JP2007503260A (en) | 2003-08-25 | 2004-08-23 | Electromagnetic radiation transmission device and manufacturing method thereof |
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WO2005020791A3 (en) | 2006-05-04 |
US20050049480A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
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US20050049684A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
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