WO2005020346A3 - Micro fuel cell architecture - Google Patents

Micro fuel cell architecture Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2005020346A3
WO2005020346A3 PCT/US2004/020304 US2004020304W WO2005020346A3 WO 2005020346 A3 WO2005020346 A3 WO 2005020346A3 US 2004020304 W US2004020304 W US 2004020304W WO 2005020346 A3 WO2005020346 A3 WO 2005020346A3
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat transfer
fuel cell
appendage
polar plate
polar
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/020304
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2005020346A2 (en
Inventor
Ian W Kaye
Original Assignee
Ultracell Corp
Ian W Kaye
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultracell Corp, Ian W Kaye filed Critical Ultracell Corp
Priority to EP04785961A priority Critical patent/EP1644997A4/en
Publication of WO2005020346A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005020346A2/en
Publication of WO2005020346A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005020346A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0223—Composites
    • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0297—Arrangements for joining electrodes, reservoir layers, heat exchange units or bipolar separators to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0008—Phosphoric acid-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0221—Organic resins; Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention relates to fuel cells and components used within a fuel cell. Heat transfer appendages are described that improve fuel cell thermal management. Each heat transfer appendage is arranged on an external portion of a bi-polar plate and permits conductive heat transfer between inner portions of the bi-polar plate and outer portions of the bi-polar plate proximate to the appendage. The heat transfer appendage may be used for heating or cooling inner portions of a fuel cell stack. Improved thermal management provided by cooling the heat transfer appendages also permits new channel field designs that distribute the reactant gases to a membrane electrode assembly. Flow buffers are described that improve delivery of reactant gases and removal of reaction products. Single plate bi-polar plates may also include staggered channel designs that reduce the thickness of the single plate.
PCT/US2004/020304 2003-06-27 2004-06-25 Micro fuel cell architecture WO2005020346A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04785961A EP1644997A4 (en) 2003-06-27 2004-06-25 Micro fuel cell architecture

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48299603P 2003-06-27 2003-06-27
US48298103P 2003-06-27 2003-06-27
US60/482,981 2003-06-27
US60/482,996 2003-06-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005020346A2 WO2005020346A2 (en) 2005-03-03
WO2005020346A3 true WO2005020346A3 (en) 2005-09-29

Family

ID=34221275

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/020304 WO2005020346A2 (en) 2003-06-27 2004-06-25 Micro fuel cell architecture

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (4) US20050014059A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1644997A4 (en)
WO (1) WO2005020346A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (83)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7494735B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2009-02-24 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell stack design and method of operation
US7491456B2 (en) * 2003-03-28 2009-02-17 Kyocera Corporation Fuel cell assembly and electricity generation unit used in same
US20060127711A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2006-06-15 Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation Systems and methods for fuel cartridge distribution
WO2005004258A2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-01-13 Ultracell Corporation Portable fuel cartridge for fuel cells
US7276096B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2007-10-02 Ultracell Corporation Fuel processor dewar and methods
US8821832B2 (en) 2003-06-27 2014-09-02 UltraCell, L.L.C. Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells
US20050186455A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2005-08-25 Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation Micro fuel cell system start up and shut down systems and methods
US8318368B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2012-11-27 UltraCell, L.L.C. Portable systems for engine block
US20060156627A1 (en) * 2003-06-27 2006-07-20 Ultracell Corporation Fuel processor for use with portable fuel cells
US20050014059A1 (en) 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Ultracell Corporation Micro fuel cell architecture
US7666539B2 (en) * 2003-06-27 2010-02-23 Ultracell Corporation Heat efficient portable fuel cell systems
US8114554B2 (en) * 2003-09-16 2012-02-14 The Gillette Company—South Boston Enhanced fuel delivery for direct methanol fuel cells
US20050089746A1 (en) * 2003-10-23 2005-04-28 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Prevention of membrane contamination in electrochemical fuel cells
US20050255368A1 (en) * 2004-05-12 2005-11-17 Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation High surface area micro fuel cell architecture
US7648792B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2010-01-19 Ultracell Corporation Disposable component on a fuel cartridge and for use with a portable fuel cell system
US7968250B2 (en) * 2004-06-25 2011-06-28 Ultracell Corporation Fuel cartridge connectivity
EP1624512A2 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-08 Pemeas GmbH Long-life membrane electrode assemblies
US7205060B2 (en) 2004-08-06 2007-04-17 Ultracell Corporation Method and system for controlling fluid delivery in a fuel cell
US20060134501A1 (en) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-22 Lee Jong-Ki Separator for fuel cell, method for preparing the same, and fuel cell stack comprising the same
US7807313B2 (en) * 2004-12-21 2010-10-05 Ultracell Corporation Compact fuel cell package
JP2006221864A (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-24 Denso Corp Power generation system for vehicle
US20070238006A1 (en) * 2005-08-30 2007-10-11 Gayatri Vyas Water management properties of pem fuel cell bipolar plates using carbon nano tube coatings
KR100723386B1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-05-30 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Metallic separator for fuel cell
US20070099041A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-03 Chun-Chin Tung Fuel cell with IC components
US7807312B2 (en) * 2006-01-12 2010-10-05 Ultracell Corporation Portable electrical energy generation equipment
US20070207364A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Abd Elhamid Mahmoud H Fuel cells comprising moldable gaskets, and methods of making
US20070231646A1 (en) * 2006-03-28 2007-10-04 Hsi-Ming Shu Fuel flow board for the fuel cell
US7575611B2 (en) * 2006-08-09 2009-08-18 Ultracell Corporation Fuel processor for use in a fuel cell system
US20080171255A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-07-17 Ultracell Corporation Fuel cell for use in a portable fuel cell system
US20080213638A1 (en) * 2006-08-09 2008-09-04 Ultracell Corporation Engine block for use in a fuel cell system
US7879501B2 (en) * 2006-10-11 2011-02-01 Lilliputian Systems, Inc. Systems and methods for processing fuel for fuel cells
US8211584B2 (en) * 2006-10-16 2012-07-03 Hyundai Hysco Metal separator for fuel cell and fuel cell stack having the same
KR100748362B1 (en) * 2006-11-14 2007-08-09 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 High temperature fuel cell stack and fuel cell having the same
US20080160383A1 (en) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-03 National Tsing Hua University Fuel cell module with thermal feedback mechanism
US7851105B2 (en) 2007-06-18 2010-12-14 Daimler Ag Electrochemical fuel cell stack having staggered fuel and oxidant plenums
US20090023013A1 (en) * 2007-07-17 2009-01-22 Ford Motor Company Spray formed thin layers having fine features
DE102007044634B4 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-09-10 Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg Gemeinnützige Stiftung High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) including devices for cooling same
WO2009108255A2 (en) * 2008-01-09 2009-09-03 Ultracell Corporation Portable reformed fuel cell systems with water recovery
JP5438918B2 (en) * 2008-05-22 2014-03-12 本田技研工業株式会社 Fuel cell electrolyte / electrode structure and fuel cell
WO2010003439A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 Daimler Ag Electrochemical fuel cell stack having staggered fuel and oxidant plenums
CN101861670B (en) 2008-09-18 2014-06-04 松下电器产业株式会社 Fuel cell and fuel cell stack provided with same
US8278000B2 (en) * 2008-09-25 2012-10-02 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha High performance proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell
US20100090642A1 (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-04-15 Ultracell Corporation Power adaptor for portable fuel cell system
KR101013853B1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2011-02-14 현대자동차주식회사 Separator for fuel cell
DE102009030016A1 (en) 2009-06-23 2010-12-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Device for powering a motor vehicle with a radiator block
DE102009030017A1 (en) 2009-06-23 2010-12-30 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Device for supplying power to a motor vehicle with a radiator block
US20110039190A1 (en) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Gm Globaltechnology Operations, Inc. Continuous porous flow distributors for a fuel cell
US20110097678A1 (en) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-28 Patch Keith D Method of heating and heating apparatus
US20110189587A1 (en) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Adaptive Materials, Inc. Interconnect Member for Fuel Cell
WO2011123102A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Utc Power Corporation Novel fuel-cell-flow-field design with improved flow uniformity
US8795872B2 (en) 2010-07-26 2014-08-05 Enerdel, Inc. Battery cell system with interconnected frames
EP2605321B1 (en) * 2011-03-02 2016-05-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Polymer electrolyte fuel cell
US8298701B2 (en) * 2011-03-09 2012-10-30 Aquion Energy Inc. Aqueous electrolyte energy storage device
US8986898B2 (en) 2011-09-30 2015-03-24 Blackberry Limited Apparatus including fuel cell and electrolyzer and method for controlling fuel cell operating conditions of the apparatus
US9083024B2 (en) 2011-10-27 2015-07-14 General Electric Company Stack design for Na NiCl battery
US9899693B2 (en) 2012-01-10 2018-02-20 The Regents Of The University Of California Microstructured cathode for self-regulated oxygen generation and consumption
WO2013156075A1 (en) * 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Topsøe Fuel Cell A/S Metallic element useful as spacer or interconnect for a high temperature fuel cell
US8846261B2 (en) * 2012-06-28 2014-09-30 Societe Bic System for controlling temperature in a fuel cell
WO2014068168A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Elcogen Oy Method and arrangement for feeding reactants into a fuel cell stack and an electrolyzer stack
US9678501B2 (en) * 2013-01-08 2017-06-13 Bloom Energy Corporation Serialization of fuel cell components
US20140242476A1 (en) * 2013-02-28 2014-08-28 Michael Kühne Operating battery stack system performance by alternating the flow of heat carrying fluid used therein
WO2015097337A1 (en) * 2013-12-27 2015-07-02 Elcogen Oy Flow method and arrangement for fuel cell or electrolyzer cell stack
KR101740873B1 (en) 2013-12-27 2017-05-26 엘코겐 오와이 Method and arrangement for distributing reactants into a fuel cell or into an electrolyzer cell
KR102320128B1 (en) 2014-10-07 2021-11-02 프로토넥스 테크놀로지 코퍼레이션 Sofc-conduction
FR3040061B1 (en) * 2015-08-12 2017-09-08 Commissariat Energie Atomique METHODS OF (CO) ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER (SOEC) OR PRODUCTION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTRICITY WITH LOW THERMAL GRADIENTS WITH RESPECT TO A REACTOR OR A FUEL CELL (SOFC)
US10790523B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-09-29 Upstart Power, Inc. CPOX reactor control system and method
CN108370043B (en) 2015-10-20 2021-09-07 新兴电力公司 Improved CPOX fuel reformer and SOFC system
EP3370290B1 (en) * 2015-10-28 2020-09-30 Morimura Sofc Technology Co., Ltd. Interconnector-electrochemical reaction unit cell composite body, electrochemical reaction cell stack, and production method for interconnector-electrochemical reaction unit cell composite body
US11108072B2 (en) 2016-08-11 2021-08-31 Upstart Power, Inc. Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack
CN109565066B (en) 2016-08-26 2021-12-07 百拉得动力系统公司 Fuel cell with improved durability
JP6284662B1 (en) * 2017-02-02 2018-02-28 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Electrochemical reaction unit and electrochemical reaction cell stack
AU2018426555B2 (en) 2018-06-07 2022-06-02 H2Lab Pte. Ltd Silicon pole plate and preparation method therefor, use of silicon in fuel cell, fuel cell stack structure, fuel cell and use thereof
CN109443043B (en) * 2018-09-05 2019-09-27 西安交通大学 A kind of lead-supercritical carbon dioxide Intermediate Heat Exchanger
US11929526B2 (en) 2018-11-12 2024-03-12 Fischer Eco Solutions Gmbh Method for bonding two plates together for a fuel cell, especially gluing bipolar plates in a fuel cell
CN109378504B (en) * 2018-12-05 2024-03-26 江苏氢电新能源有限公司 Pile end plate with gas pressure buffering and humidifying functions
CN109768298B (en) * 2018-12-13 2021-07-30 中南大学 Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
JP7241588B2 (en) * 2019-03-29 2023-03-17 大阪瓦斯株式会社 Electrochemical elements, electrochemical modules, electrochemical devices and energy systems
US11305232B2 (en) 2019-06-03 2022-04-19 Ultracell Llc Filtration systems and methods
US11050069B2 (en) 2019-08-22 2021-06-29 Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. Fuel cell cooler plate
CN111048304B (en) * 2019-12-31 2022-02-01 西安西电电力电容器有限责任公司 Cylindrical capacitor and electrode structure for same
US20210328235A1 (en) * 2020-04-21 2021-10-21 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation High power density fuel cell
FR3121793A1 (en) * 2021-04-08 2022-10-14 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Bipolar plate for a stack of the fuel cell type or of the electrolyser type
FR3121794A1 (en) * 2021-04-08 2022-10-14 L'air Liquide, Société Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Bipolar plate for a stack of the fuel cell type or of the electrolyser type

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6322919B1 (en) * 1999-08-16 2001-11-27 Alliedsignal Inc. Fuel cell and bipolar plate for use with same
US20020051901A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-05-02 Ralf Zuber PEM fuel cell stack
US6426161B1 (en) * 1998-03-03 2002-07-30 Lynntech, Inc. Lightweight metal bipolar plates and methods for making the same
US20020110718A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-15 Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies, Ltd. Bipolar plate for a fuel cell
US20030022052A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-01-30 Kearl Daniel A. Bipolar plates and end plates for fuel cells and methods for making the same
US20030072988A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-04-17 Lawrence Eugene Frisch Seals for fuel cells and fuel cell stacks

Family Cites Families (101)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US961932A (en) * 1909-04-20 1910-06-21 David Brown Pulsator for milking-machines.
US961930A (en) * 1910-02-15 1910-06-21 Valley City Machine Works Dowel-machine.
GB1151373A (en) * 1965-05-18 1969-05-07 Energy Conversion Ltd Improvements in and relating to Electrochemical Cell Arrangements
US3589942A (en) * 1966-12-22 1971-06-29 Cons Natural Gas Svc Bipolar collector plates
US3623913A (en) * 1969-09-18 1971-11-30 Engelhard Min & Chem Fuel cell system
US5081095A (en) 1990-09-10 1992-01-14 General Motors Corporation Method of making a support containing an alumina-ceria washcoat for a noble metal catalyst
US5534328A (en) * 1993-12-02 1996-07-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Integrated chemical processing apparatus and processes for the preparation thereof
JPH06310166A (en) 1993-04-28 1994-11-04 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Portable fuel cell type power supply
IT1270878B (en) * 1993-04-30 1997-05-13 Permelec Spa Nora IMPROVED ELECTROCHEMISTRY CELL USING ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES AND METAL BIPOLAR PLATES
US5601938A (en) * 1994-01-21 1997-02-11 Regents Of The University Of California Carbon aerogel electrodes for direct energy conversion
US5611214A (en) 1994-07-29 1997-03-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Microcomponent sheet architecture
US5811062A (en) * 1994-07-29 1998-09-22 Battelle Memorial Institute Microcomponent chemical process sheet architecture
US5525436A (en) 1994-11-01 1996-06-11 Case Western Reserve University Proton conducting polymers used as membranes
US5514487A (en) 1994-12-27 1996-05-07 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Edge manifold assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell stack
JP3325423B2 (en) * 1995-03-20 2002-09-17 松下電器産業株式会社 Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, positive electrode active material for battery and method for producing the same
US5641585A (en) * 1995-03-21 1997-06-24 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Miniature ceramic fuel cell
DE69608770T2 (en) * 1995-12-06 2000-10-12 Honda Motor Co Ltd Direct methanol fuel cell
US5716727A (en) 1996-04-01 1998-02-10 Case Western Reserve University Proton conducting polymers prepared by direct acid casting
JP3713912B2 (en) * 1996-08-08 2005-11-09 アイシン精機株式会社 Fuel cell gas passage plate
JPH10162842A (en) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-19 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Separator for solid high polymer fuel cell nd solid high polymer fuel cell stack using this
US5789093A (en) 1996-12-10 1998-08-04 Texas Instruments Incorporated Low profile fuel cell
US5961932A (en) 1997-06-20 1999-10-05 Eastman Kodak Company Reaction chamber for an integrated micro-ceramic chemical plant
US6200536B1 (en) 1997-06-26 2001-03-13 Battelle Memorial Institute Active microchannel heat exchanger
JP4026943B2 (en) * 1997-09-04 2007-12-26 キヤノン株式会社 Exposure apparatus and device manufacturing method
US5961930A (en) 1997-10-15 1999-10-05 Eastman Kodak Company Integrated micro-ceramic chemical plant with insertable reaction chambers and micro-filters
US6077620A (en) 1997-11-26 2000-06-20 General Motors Corporation Fuel cell system with combustor-heated reformer
CA2325886C (en) * 1998-04-09 2009-07-21 California Institute Of Technology Electronic techniques for analyte detection
DE19825102C2 (en) 1998-06-05 2001-09-27 Xcellsis Gmbh Process for the production of a compact catalytic reactor
US6080501A (en) * 1998-06-29 2000-06-27 Motorola, Inc. Fuel cell with integral fuel storage
DE19841993B4 (en) 1998-09-04 2005-02-17 P21 - Power For The 21St Century Gmbh Microstructure reactor
US6245214B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2001-06-12 Alliedsignal Inc. Electro-catalytic oxidation (ECO) device to remove CO from reformate for fuel cell application
US6174616B1 (en) * 1998-10-07 2001-01-16 Plug Power Inc. Fuel cell assembly unit for promoting fluid service and design flexibility
CA2290089A1 (en) * 1998-11-24 2000-05-24 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Electrochemical fuel cell with an electrode having an in-plane nonuniform structure
WO2000032512A1 (en) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Integrated palladium-based micromembranes for hydrogen separation and hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions
CA2357928A1 (en) 1998-12-30 2000-07-13 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Fuel cell fluid flow field plate and methods of making fuel cell flow field plates
US6638654B2 (en) 1999-02-01 2003-10-28 The Regents Of The University Of California MEMS-based thin-film fuel cells
US6268077B1 (en) * 1999-03-01 2001-07-31 Motorola, Inc. Portable fuel cell power supply
US6193501B1 (en) 1999-07-06 2001-02-27 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Microcombustor having submillimeter critical dimensions
US6423434B1 (en) 1999-08-09 2002-07-23 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for managing fuel cell performance
JP4809519B2 (en) * 1999-09-10 2011-11-09 本田技研工業株式会社 Fuel cell
US6312846B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2001-11-06 Integrated Fuel Cell Technologies, Inc. Fuel cell and power chip technology
US6361892B1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2002-03-26 Technology Management, Inc. Electrochemical apparatus with reactant micro-channels
US6309773B1 (en) * 1999-12-13 2001-10-30 General Motors Corporation Serially-linked serpentine flow channels for PEM fuel cell
US6613972B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2003-09-02 University Of Southern California Microcombustor and combustion-based thermoelectric microgenerator
EP1249051B1 (en) 2000-01-19 2004-04-07 Manhattan Scientifics, Inc. Fuel cell stack with cooling fins and use of expanded graphite in fuel cells
US6537506B1 (en) 2000-02-03 2003-03-25 Cellular Process Chemistry, Inc. Miniaturized reaction apparatus
US6415860B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2002-07-09 Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College Crossflow micro heat exchanger
DE10007652A1 (en) * 2000-02-19 2001-09-06 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Methanol fuel cell comprises anion conducting membrane arranged between anode chamber and cathode chamber, and means for feeding water from anode chamber to cathode chamber
US6406808B1 (en) 2000-04-10 2002-06-18 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for thermal management of fuel cell systems
US6835488B2 (en) 2000-05-08 2004-12-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell with patterned electrolyte/electrode interface
US6409939B1 (en) 2000-05-31 2002-06-25 Uop Llc Method for producing a hydrogen-rich fuel stream
CA2352443C (en) * 2000-07-07 2005-12-27 Nippon Steel Corporation Separators for solid polymer fuel cells and method for producing same, and solid polymer fuel cells
US6465119B1 (en) 2000-07-18 2002-10-15 Motorola, Inc. Fuel cell array apparatus and method of fabrication
CA2387817A1 (en) * 2000-07-19 2002-01-24 The Johns Hopkins University Scalable, all-polymer fuel cell
JP4233208B2 (en) * 2000-08-11 2009-03-04 三洋電機株式会社 Fuel cell
US6569553B1 (en) * 2000-08-28 2003-05-27 Motorola, Inc. Fuel processor with integrated fuel cell utilizing ceramic technology
US20020061277A1 (en) 2000-09-25 2002-05-23 Engelhard Corporation Non-pyrophoric water-gas shift reaction catalysts
JP3857873B2 (en) * 2000-11-09 2006-12-13 三洋電機株式会社 FUEL CELL SEPARATOR, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, AND FUEL CELL
US20020055031A1 (en) * 2000-11-09 2002-05-09 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell
US6645655B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2003-11-11 Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. Passively pumped liquid feed fuel cell system
DE10058337A1 (en) 2000-11-24 2002-05-29 Gen Motors Corp Sheet product used as a bipolar plate in a fuel cell or in an electrolyzer has a conductive corrosion resistant protective coating made from a metal oxide on one side.
JP2002184428A (en) * 2000-12-11 2002-06-28 Toyota Motor Corp Fuel cell
US6660423B2 (en) * 2000-12-15 2003-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Direct methanol fuel cell including a water management system and method of fabrication
US6916565B2 (en) * 2000-12-21 2005-07-12 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Power supply system, fuel pack constituting the system, and device driven by power generator and power supply system
US6824905B2 (en) * 2001-01-15 2004-11-30 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Power supply system and device driven by power supply system
DE10295503T5 (en) * 2001-01-19 2005-09-08 World Properties, Inc., Lincolnwood Apparatus and method for electrochemical cell components
CA2403244C (en) * 2001-01-24 2009-08-04 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Power supply system, fuel pack constituting the system, and device driven by power generator and power supply system
US6460733B2 (en) * 2001-02-20 2002-10-08 Mti Microfuel Cells, Inc. Multiple-walled fuel container and delivery system
KR100488254B1 (en) * 2001-03-26 2005-05-11 마쯔시다덴기산교 가부시키가이샤 High-polymer electrolyte fuel cell
US6479920B1 (en) 2001-04-09 2002-11-12 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Direct charge radioisotope activation and power generation
US6677070B2 (en) 2001-04-19 2004-01-13 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Hybrid thin film/thick film solid oxide fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same
US6727479B2 (en) * 2001-04-23 2004-04-27 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Integrated device based upon semiconductor technology, in particular chemical microreactor
US6852439B2 (en) * 2001-05-15 2005-02-08 Hydrogenics Corporation Apparatus for and method of forming seals in fuel cells and fuel cell stacks
US6794071B2 (en) 2001-06-14 2004-09-21 Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. Apparatus and method for rapidly increasing power output from a direct oxidation fuel cell
US6673130B2 (en) 2001-06-15 2004-01-06 The Regents Of The University Of California Method of fabrication of electrodes and electrolytes
US20020192537A1 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-12-19 Xiaoming Ren Metallic layer component for use in a direct oxidation fuel cell
US6753036B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2004-06-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for fabrication of electrodes
US6939632B2 (en) * 2001-08-06 2005-09-06 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Thermally efficient micromachined device
US6696195B2 (en) 2001-08-09 2004-02-24 Motorola, Inc. Direct methanol fuel cell including a water recovery and recirculation system and method of fabrication
JP5131629B2 (en) * 2001-08-13 2013-01-30 日産自動車株式会社 Method for producing solid oxide fuel cell
US6821666B2 (en) 2001-09-28 2004-11-23 The Regents Of The Univerosity Of California Method of forming a package for mems-based fuel cell
US6939639B2 (en) * 2001-10-01 2005-09-06 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel cell separator
JP3731650B2 (en) * 2001-10-30 2006-01-05 日産自動車株式会社 Fuel cell
US7077643B2 (en) 2001-11-07 2006-07-18 Battelle Memorial Institute Microcombustors, microreformers, and methods for combusting and for reforming fluids
US20030118880A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-26 Ballard Power Systems Evaporative edge cooling of a fuel cell
US6960235B2 (en) 2001-12-05 2005-11-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Chemical microreactor and method thereof
JP4344500B2 (en) * 2002-01-07 2009-10-14 本田技研工業株式会社 Fuel cell
US7074511B2 (en) * 2002-01-08 2006-07-11 The Gillette Company Fuel container and delivery apparatus for a liquid feed fuel cell system
US20030194363A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-16 Koripella Chowdary Ramesh Chemical reactor and fuel processor utilizing ceramic technology
US6921603B2 (en) 2002-04-24 2005-07-26 The Regents Of The University Of California Microfluidic fuel cell systems with embedded materials and structures and method thereof
JP3748434B2 (en) 2002-06-12 2006-02-22 株式会社東芝 Direct methanol fuel cell system and fuel cartridge
US7001682B2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2006-02-21 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Solid-oxide fuel cell system having means for controlling tail gas combustion temperature
US6913998B2 (en) 2002-07-01 2005-07-05 The Regents Of The University Of California Vapor-deposited porous films for energy conversion
US6960403B2 (en) 2002-09-30 2005-11-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Bonded polyimide fuel cell package and method thereof
US6893708B2 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-05-17 Palcan Fuel Cell Co. Ltd. Fuel cell flowfield design for improved water management
US6814110B2 (en) * 2002-12-12 2004-11-09 Stainless Steel Coatings, Inc. Method of and apparatus for improved pressurized fluid dispensing for the guaranteed filling of cavities and/or the generating of guaranteed uniform gasket beads and the like
US7122261B2 (en) 2003-02-21 2006-10-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Metal hydride fuel storage and method thereof
US7960072B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2011-06-14 GM Global Technology Operations LLC MEA with catalyst for oxidation of carbon monoxide
US20050014059A1 (en) 2003-06-27 2005-01-20 Ultracell Corporation Micro fuel cell architecture
US20050186455A1 (en) 2003-06-27 2005-08-25 Ultracell Corporation, A California Corporation Micro fuel cell system start up and shut down systems and methods
GB0320977D0 (en) 2003-09-08 2003-10-08 Voller Energy Ltd Portable fuel cell system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6426161B1 (en) * 1998-03-03 2002-07-30 Lynntech, Inc. Lightweight metal bipolar plates and methods for making the same
US6322919B1 (en) * 1999-08-16 2001-11-27 Alliedsignal Inc. Fuel cell and bipolar plate for use with same
US20020051901A1 (en) * 2000-08-31 2002-05-02 Ralf Zuber PEM fuel cell stack
US20020110718A1 (en) * 2001-02-15 2002-08-15 Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies, Ltd. Bipolar plate for a fuel cell
US20030022052A1 (en) * 2001-07-27 2003-01-30 Kearl Daniel A. Bipolar plates and end plates for fuel cells and methods for making the same
US20030072988A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-04-17 Lawrence Eugene Frisch Seals for fuel cells and fuel cell stacks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2005020346A2 (en) 2005-03-03
US7935452B2 (en) 2011-05-03
EP1644997A2 (en) 2006-04-12
US20090202886A1 (en) 2009-08-13
US20050008911A1 (en) 2005-01-13
EP1644997A4 (en) 2011-03-16
US7585581B2 (en) 2009-09-08
US7655337B2 (en) 2010-02-02
US20070269703A1 (en) 2007-11-22
US20050014059A1 (en) 2005-01-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2005020346A3 (en) Micro fuel cell architecture
AU2005273095B2 (en) SOFC stack concept
EP1807894B1 (en) Solid oxide fuel cell system
EP2980904B1 (en) Fuel battery
JP2015156352A (en) Fuel battery and method for manufacturing the same
US20110117466A1 (en) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems
ATE259546T1 (en) POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL STAPE
WO2005031938A3 (en) Fuel cell bipolar separator plate
JPH10162842A (en) Separator for solid high polymer fuel cell nd solid high polymer fuel cell stack using this
WO2018031742A4 (en) Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack
JP2005514749A5 (en)
WO2005057701B1 (en) Heat exchanger for fuel cell stack
US8168341B2 (en) Fuel cell and fuel cell stack
US8932778B2 (en) Fuel cell with fuel gas outlets
US8916308B2 (en) Fuel cell
AU2005320011B8 (en) Fuel cell system
WO2004019431A3 (en) End-cell thermal distancing for fuel cell system
TW201236253A (en) Fluid flow plate assemblies for fuel cells
TW200707831A (en) Proton exchange membrane type fuel battery and its dual bipolar plate
JP2000323154A (en) Flat type fuel cell
EP2291879B1 (en) Solid oxide fuel cell systems with heat exchangers
US8501363B2 (en) Bipolar plate design with improved freeze start-up
US20140023948A1 (en) Enhancement of in situ radiation for facilitated thermal management of high temperature fuel cells
JPH05101835A (en) Fuel cell

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 200480024523.4

Country of ref document: CN

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 00014/KOLNP/2006

Country of ref document: IN

Ref document number: 14/KOLNP/2006

Country of ref document: IN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2004785961

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2004785961

Country of ref document: EP