WO2004094710A1 - Improved hammock and spreading rod - Google Patents
Improved hammock and spreading rod Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004094710A1 WO2004094710A1 PCT/AU2004/000536 AU2004000536W WO2004094710A1 WO 2004094710 A1 WO2004094710 A1 WO 2004094710A1 AU 2004000536 W AU2004000536 W AU 2004000536W WO 2004094710 A1 WO2004094710 A1 WO 2004094710A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hammock
- fabric
- chair
- spreading rod
- stretch characteristic
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010009866 Cold sweat Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008454 Hyperhidrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013460 sweaty Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
- A45F—TRAVELLING OR CAMP EQUIPMENT: SACKS OR PACKS CARRIED ON THE BODY
- A45F3/00—Travelling or camp articles; Sacks or packs carried on the body
- A45F3/22—Hammocks; Hammock spreaders
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
- D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
- D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
Definitions
- the invention relates to a material for use in furniture, particularly outdoor furniture. More specifically, the invention extends to material for use in hammocks and hammock chairs and includes those items when made from the material. The invention also extends to a method of decorating a hammock or hammock chair by a printing process, particularly when used for promotional indicia. The invention also extends to a flexible or semi-rigid spreading rod for use in a hammock and a hammock incorporating the spreading rod.
- the hammock has become an established means of comfortable support either for resting or for use as a bed. It is estimated that over 100,000,000 people use hammocks as beds or furniture everyday and these people are distributed throughout Africa, China, Philippines, South Pacific, Central and South America, North America and
- Synthetic materials such as nylon and polyester, have been tried, particularly in outdoor hammocks, as they do not absorb moisture and are highly resistant to rot.
- the major problem with these items is that they tend to lack a significant comfort level because they do not absorb sweat, they feel clammy and as they have no or little natural "give", they tend to be regarded as too hard by users.
- Hammocks are generally woven from cotton, nylon and polyester.
- the woven cotton hammocks have a small degree of stretch capabilities because of the inbuilt stretch characteristics of cotton yarn.
- Nylon and polyester yarn do not stretch and therefore woven hammocks made from these materials are very rigid and uncomfortable.
- Cotton absorbs moisture, nylon and polyester do not, and are therefore "sweaty" in use.
- the invention resides in a fabric for use in furniture, particularly outdoor furniture, the fabric formed, at least in part, from a synthetic material wherein the synthetic material is woven or knitted to provide a stretch characteristic of
- the synthetic material is warp knitted.
- the fabric may have an interlocking weave pattern adapted to provide the preferred stretch characteristics.
- the synthetic material may comprise one or more of nylon, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene or a suitable polyolefin material.
- the synthetic material may comprise a blend which includes a component of a natural material such as cotton. The cotton may be present at up to 50% of the blend.
- the fabric has a first stretch characteristic in a first direction and a second greater stretch characteristic in a second direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first direction.
- the stretch characteristic in the first direction may be any suitable percentage but is preferably 10% or less.
- the stretch characteristic in the second direction may be any suitable percentage greater than that of the first direction but is preferably from 10% to 50%. Most preferably, it is from 20% to 40%.
- the fabric has a plurality of ventilation holes.
- the ventilation holes may be distributed in any pattern but are preferably distributed in a regular pattern.
- the ventilation holes may be present in sufficient number to provide a ratio of material/holes of 80%/20% or 70%/30%.
- the ventilation holes may vary from 2mm to 50mm in diameter when formed as circles. Preferably, they are formed around 5mm in diameter. They may be formed in any suitable shape. One preferred shape is slit-like or ellipsoidal.
- the invention resides in a hammock or hammock chair comprising fabric of the present invention.
- the fabric is arranged to have its first direction with lesser stretch characteristics aligned, in use, along the head to tail axis of a user and its second direction with greater stretch characteristics aligned transverse to the head to tail axis of a user.
- the invention may reside in a hammock formed of material of the present invention, the fabric having its first direction of a lesser stretch characteristic aligned along the length of the hammock and its second direction of a greater stretch characteristic aligned across the width of the hammock.
- the fabric may be printed with visible indicia.
- the indicia may include text and/or graphic elements.
- the indicia may be adapted to identify ownership of the hammock or hammock chair, or advertise products and or services.
- the indicia may be personalised for an owner.
- the indicia may be used in promotional activities, club membership identification and loyalty promotions.
- the invention may reside in a spreading rod for a hammock or hammock chair wherein the spreading rod is formed as a flexible or semirigid elongate member.
- the elongate member is preferably adapted to deform under ordinary loads experienced in a hammock or hammock chair and to an extent compatible with comfortable use of the hammock or hammock chair while assuming its undeformed configuration when not under load.
- the spreading rod may have a plurality of apertures dimensioned to receive supporting cords.
- the spreading rod may be formed integrally with or supported directly by a frame support of a hammock or hammock chair.
- the flexible elongate member may be formed from one or more of plastic, rubber, spring steel or other suitable material.
- the flexible member may be formed from wood with cuts in one side positioned to allow flexion under load with the elongate member retaining adequate strength to support a person or persons in a hammock or hammock chair.
- the elongate member may be formed from a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic tube, preferably with a diameter of from 10mm to 30mm.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a piece of fabric of the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows the fabric of FIG. 1 with its longitudinal stretch characteristic highlighted
- FIG. 3 shows the fabric of FIG. 1 with its transverse stretch characteristic highlighted
- FIG. 4 shows a top and side view version of one embodiment of a warp knitted fabric
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a hammock formed according to the present invention and including printed indicia
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a hammock and support stand including a spreading rod of the present invention
- FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of FIG. 6 when under load
- FIG. 8 shows a part-sectional perspective view of a spreading rod, support cords and hammock end.
- the synthetic material is preferably fibres of polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene. Other synthetic materials may be suitable for the present application and a suitable polyolefin polymer material may be utilised. A blend of cotton and a synthetic material as is known to people of skill in the art may also be utilised.
- the material is preferably knitted or woven with an interlocking weave pattern which allows for a stretch characteristic to be built into the fabric. In the present invention, a stretch characteristic represents the ability of the material to stretch under load and a percentage indication represents the percentage of increase provided at maximum stretch.
- the fabric comprises material 12 with apertures 13 formed and spread throughout.
- the apertures may be formed in any suitable shape, preferably compatible with usual manufacturing processes.
- the apertures or ventilation holes are shown as spaced ellipsoidal holes.
- the shape of the apertures themselves may provide some degree of differential stretch.
- the degree of extension of the holes in the direction of arrow 14 is less than that available in the direction of the arrow 15.
- the apertures in their own right may be used to provide differential or varying stretch characteristics in different directions.
- the material 10 is shown with the stretch characteristics highlighted by arrows 16, 18 in a first direction up or along the long axis of the fabric 10.
- Warp knitting is a relatively recent technique which allows the variability to be spread uniformly or, as shown in FIG. 2, provided in bands 19, 20, 21 while other bands 22, 23 remain somewhat bunched but also extend as required to provide suitable stretchability.
- FIG. 3 shows the fabric 10 when stretched in a second direction which is substantially transverse to the direction of FIG. 2.
- the stretch characteristic in this direction are more pronounced giving a differential characteristic between the first direction 16, 18 of FIG. 2 and second direction 25, 26 of FIG. 3.
- the difference between the stretch characteristics may be altered as suitable for individual purpose.
- the weave pattern and stretch characteristics may vary dependent on the hammock application. Generally speaking, it is preferred to have a hammock, for example, with a minimum stretch at no more than 10% length ways but with 10% to 50% stretch in the second direction or width.
- the interlocking weave pattern can be varied, as known in the weaving and knitting art, to suit different hammock applications.
- the fabric comprises an interlocking knitted construction pattern used to modify the stretch characteristics.
- the ventilation holes may be knitted into the fabric at regular intervals to facilitate breathing of the fabric and also allow cooling circulation of air to flow through the material in use.
- Warp knitting has developed a reinforcement technique in which the key reinforcements are locked in with a skeleton of knit fibres which can be oriented in longitudinal and or transverse directions. Warp knitting represents the fastest method of producing fabric from yarns. It differs from weft knitting in that each needle loops its own thread. The needles produce parallel rows of loops simultaneously that are interlocked in a zig zag pattern. The fabric is produced in sheet or flat form using one or more sets of wa ⁇ yam. The yams are fed from warp beams to a row of needles extending across the width of the knitting machine. Two common types of wa ⁇ knitting machines are the Tricot and Raschel machines.
- Raschel machines are useful because they can process all yam types in all forms (filament, staple, combed, carded and others). Wa ⁇ knitting may sometimes be referred to as wa ⁇ weaving. While wa ⁇ knitting is a preferred method for producing the material, any other method known to a person skilled in material manufacture may also be recruited for the pmpose.
- Weft knitting uses one continuous yam to form courses or rows of loops across a fabric.
- the individual yarn is fed one or more needles at a time.
- FIG. 4 an example of wa ⁇ knitting is shown. This is by way of example only and should not be regarded as providing a limiting example or even an appropriate or applicable example for the fabric of the present invention.
- the shown pattern represents a multi-axial, multi-ply fabric demonstrating two diagonal yarn sets 28, 29 overlaid on two biaxial yam sets 30, 31 locked together by looping yarn 32.
- FIG. 5 shows a preferred embodiment of use of the fabric of the present invention in the form of a hammock 35 supported between two trees 36, 37.
- Support cords 38, 39 are tethered to the trees 36, 37 and run out to a spreading bar or rod 40, 41 respectively, which are located in corresponding sleeves 42, 43.
- the sleeves are continuous with the body of the hammock 44 which is formed with a plurality of ventilation holes 45 evenly spread over the surface of the body 44.
- the hammock has stretch characteristics along its length of up to 10% but transverse stretch characteristics of between 10% and 50%.
- the material could have a minimum proportion of around 70% solid material and 30% ventilation holes.
- the ratio of solid material to holes is around 80% to 20%.
- the holes may be uniform in size or may be varied in size and shape throughout the body 44.
- the hole size and shape may be a factor in the stretch characteristics of the material.
- the hole size and shape may be aligned so the bed material has limited stretch in the first direction and pronounced stretch in a transverse direction.
- the holes in the fabric open and close dependent on body pressure applied at the spot or region of a particular hole.
- the stretch factor may be controlled in either direction.
- the longer axis of the hole is parallel to the length of the hammock and the shorter axis parallel with the width of the hammock to give the hammock a stretch factor of different characteristics in the different direction.
- the hammock 35 has a visible graphic device 48 which, in this case, is a low sun and island scene. Synthetic materials are better able to receive printed application. Cotton fails to hold printing which tends to run and fade dramatically, particularly in sunlight. On a synthetic surface, simple and well known printing techniques may be used to provide a whole range of visible scenes. In one form, the scenes may be provided as uniform and colorful indicators of ownership such as the name of a hotel chain, the trade mark of a manufacturer or colour coordinated renditions to provide an attractive scene on, for example, a beach. A particular club or other group of like-minded people may obtain hammocks which indicate their club loyalty such as, for example, to a sporting club, a travel or adventure club.
- hammocks may be used as promotional material for upcoming events or provided to, for example, attendees at a conference or similar.
- Printed representations of favoured celebrities such as actors or pop personalities may be rendered onto the surface of the hammock therefore providing additional appeal and idiosyncratic effect to a person's hammock.
- hammocks may be personalised by printing specifically for an individual consumer with, for example, their name, photograph of their pet, or a preferred scene from a book or Internet source. For each pu ⁇ ose, the indicia may be regarded as relevant indicia.
- FIG. 6 shows a representation of a hammock 50 and support frame 51.
- the hammock has a body 52 and support cords 53, 54.
- the support cords 53 ran onto a spreading rod or bar 55, 56, respectively.
- the spreading rods of the present invention are located in a sleeve which is load bearing thereby spreading the weight from the fabric pocket to the supporting cords.
- the flexible or semi-rigid spreading rod may be made from any suitable material such as plastic, rubber, spring steel or other flexible material.
- a timber rod may be used with flexibility introduced by a series of cuts made along one edge to facilitate bending away from and opening up of the cuts.
- a polyvinyl chloride plastic tube of 10mm to 30mm diameter may be used. Drill holes may be positioned at spaced intervals along the length of the tube which is preferably of 0.5m to 1.5m length. Supporting cords may be passed through the holes of the tube and tied off in a knot large enough to avoid withdrawal through the hole. If the PVC tube is not suitably flexible, shallow cuts may be located along the length of the tube sufficient to improve the flexibility while maintaining adequate strength to support the hammock and occupant. All supporting cords are preferably cut to a similar length.
- FIG. 7 A closer view is seen in FIG. 7 where the cords 70, 71, 72 are all passed through respective holes, one of which is shown in outline 73.
- the cords are fixed in place by knot 74 which is large enough to lodge against the aperture 73 and resist withdrawal.
- the rod 75 is located in its own sleeve 76 which is formed from one end 77 of the fabric. In operation, load is applied to the fabric which in rum is transmitted through the sleeve to the spreading rod 75.
- the spreading rod 75 deforms to a suitable extent under load so that the load is distributed through the cords 70, 71, 72 preferably in a substantially even manner so that wear on the sleeve and the cords is minimised by an even spread.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/554,395 US20070022531A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | Hammock and spreading rod |
EP04729016A EP1633915A4 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | Improved hammock and spreading rod |
AU2004233357A AU2004233357A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | Improved hammock and spreading rod |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003901945A AU2003901945A0 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Improved hammock spreader system |
AU2003901945 | 2003-04-24 | ||
AU2003903639A AU2003903639A0 (en) | 2003-07-16 | 2003-07-16 | Hammock fabric |
AU2003903639 | 2003-07-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004094710A1 true WO2004094710A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
Family
ID=33311317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/AU2004/000536 WO2004094710A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 | 2004-04-23 | Improved hammock and spreading rod |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070022531A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1633915A4 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004094710A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007073920A1 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-05 | Koepf Bernhard Albert | Asymmetrical hammock |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090119836A1 (en) * | 2007-10-09 | 2009-05-14 | Joan Dorreene Sharp | Personalized exercise mat |
US20110302717A1 (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2011-12-15 | Stephanie Campasano | Bed sheet with indicia and method |
US20110302714A1 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-15 | Susan Ann Martenson | Permanent bedding extenders for sheets, blankets and comforters |
US20130049432A1 (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-02-28 | Wilton O. Deets, III | Suspended sitting apparatus |
US9032568B2 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2015-05-19 | Hatteras Hammocks, Inc. | Drainable hammock |
US11026500B2 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2021-06-08 | Christian Ellington Kaltreider | Reflective insulation system for hammocks |
KR102447470B1 (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2022-09-23 | 노바코리아(주) | Multipurpose device using yoga hammock |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4469739A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-09-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Oriented woven furniture support material |
EP0123472A2 (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-10-31 | 'w' Ribbons Limited | Woven fabrics and a method of forming the same |
EP0501809A1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-02 | General Motors Corporation | Upholstered three-dimensional structure comprising a fabric and method of its manufacture |
US5596888A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-01-28 | Milliken Research Corporation | Knitted furniture support fabric |
JP2001303378A (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-10-31 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Conjugate yarn |
US20040067707A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-08 | Hamilton Lorne M. | Stretch polyester and acrylic spun yarn |
-
2004
- 2004-04-23 WO PCT/AU2004/000536 patent/WO2004094710A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-04-23 US US10/554,395 patent/US20070022531A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-04-23 EP EP04729016A patent/EP1633915A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4469739A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-09-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Oriented woven furniture support material |
EP0123472A2 (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-10-31 | 'w' Ribbons Limited | Woven fabrics and a method of forming the same |
EP0501809A1 (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-02 | General Motors Corporation | Upholstered three-dimensional structure comprising a fabric and method of its manufacture |
US5596888A (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-01-28 | Milliken Research Corporation | Knitted furniture support fabric |
JP2001303378A (en) * | 2000-02-15 | 2001-10-31 | Asahi Kasei Corp | Conjugate yarn |
US20040067707A1 (en) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-08 | Hamilton Lorne M. | Stretch polyester and acrylic spun yarn |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class A83, AN 2002-174470, XP002983277 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007073920A1 (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-07-05 | Koepf Bernhard Albert | Asymmetrical hammock |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1633915A4 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
EP1633915A1 (en) | 2006-03-15 |
US20070022531A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
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