WO2004083351A1

WO2004083351A1 - Surfactant mixtures

Info

Publication number: WO2004083351A1
Application number: PCT/EP2004/001955
Authority: WO
Inventors: Josef Köster; Hermann Hensen; Jessica Erasmy; Celia Sander; Veronique Mahe; Otto Von Stetten
Original assignee: Cognis Ip Management Gmbh
Priority date: 2003-03-07
Filing date: 2004-02-27
Publication date: 2004-09-30
Also published as: DE10310381A1

Abstract

The invention relates to surfactant mixtures that contain a) alkyl oligoglycosides, b) amphoteric surfactants and c) at least one anionic cosurfactant, under the proviso that the quantitative ratio of alkyl polyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants to the anionic cosurfactant [(a + b): c] ranges from 1.1:1 to 10:1 and that the indicated quantities optionally add up to 100 % by weight with additional adjuvants. The inventive surfactant mixtures are well tolerated despite good foaming properties and cleaning efficiency.

Description

surfactant mixtures

Field of the Invention

The invention is in the field of cosmetics and relates to new surfactant combinations with defined amounts of nonionic and amphoteric surfactants which contain anionic surfactants as cosurfactants and are distinguished by a high level of compatibility.

State of the art

Anionic surfactants are characterized by excellent foaming properties. In addition to a high base foam, advantageous foam kinetics are also found, i.e. Even in the presence of fats and water hardness, a creamy foam is obtained that lasts a long time and does not collapse. Due to their good cleaning properties, they are used in numerous washing and care products, e.g. Hair shampoos, shower baths and the like are used. Unfortunately, the frequent use of this group of surfactants leads to increasing dehydration of the skin. It is not only in this context that skin intolerance to anionic surfactants has often been observed. Sensitive skin types in particular show irritation when using detergents containing anionic surfactants. As a rule, therefore, other surfactants were used as cosurfactants in the preparations, which increased the tolerance, but led to a deterioration in the good foaming properties of the anionic surfactants.

Thus, the cosurfactants could only be added to the washing preparations in small amounts. In addition to these problems, many anionic surfactants have the disadvantage that they are present in highly concentrated form as practically cut-resistant pastes, which can only be pumped by dilution or heating, which makes handling more difficult.

The international patent application WO 98/24409 discloses foam-rich and skin-compatible personal cleansing agents which, in addition to anionic surfactants and alkyl polyglycosides, contain a combination of a zwitterionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant in a defined ratio. Nevertheless, the skin tolerance of these formulations is unsatisfactory due to the high proportion of anionic surfactants. However, it was needed to ensure the good foam properties.

The object of the present invention was therefore to provide surfactant preparations with very good dermal tolerance for sensitive skin types, which are characterized by good cleaning capacity, high storage stability and good application properties distinguished. Despite the good compatibility, the preparations should have good foaming and foam stability.

Description of the invention

The invention relates to surfactant mixtures comprising a) alkyl oligoglycosides, b) amphoteric surfactants and c) at least one anionic cosurfactant with the proviso that the quantitative ratio of alkyl polyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants to the anionic cosurfactant [(a + b): c] is in the range from 1 , 1: 1 to 10: 1 and the amounts given may be supplemented with other auxiliary substances to 100% by weight.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that, despite a low anionic surfactant content, surfactant mixtures have very good foam properties in terms of foam quantity and foam stability if they are mixed in the stated ratio with alkylpolyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants. They are characterized by good cleaning capacity and high dermal tolerance and are therefore particularly suitable for use in washing preparations for sensitive skin types and for baby and children's preparations. As a concentrate, the surfactant mixtures have a high storage stability and are easy to process and incorporate into washing preparations. In commercial washing preparations with anionic surfactants, there are generally proportions in which the anionic surfactant is present in excess or in an equivalent amount and nonionic and amphoteric surfactants are used as cosurfactants. The compatibility is considerably improved by lowering the anionic surfactant content while maintaining or even reducing the total active substance content of surfactants. Despite the reduced anionic surfactant and total active substance content, the composition according to the invention has good foaming behavior with regard to the foam volume, the foaming kinetics and the foam stability.

Preparations which contain the surfactant compositions according to the invention have a total surfactant content of at most 20% by weight, preferably at most 15% by weight and particularly preferably at most 10% by weight of active substance - based on the preparation. surfactant mixtures

Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides

Alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides are known nonionic surfactants which follow the formula (I)

in which R ^{1 is} an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G is a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p is a number from 1 to 10. They can be obtained according to the relevant procedures in preparative organic chemistry.

The alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides can be derived from aldoses or ketoses with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. The preferred alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are thus alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglucosides. The index number p in the general formula (I) indicates the degree of oligomerization (DP), ie the distribution of mono- and oligoglycosides, and stands for a number between 1 and 10. While p in a given compound must always be an integer, and especially here can assume the values p = 1 to 6, the value p for a certain alkyl oligoglycoside is an analytically determined arithmetic parameter, which usually represents a fractional number. Alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides with an average degree of oligomerization p of 1.1 to 3.0 are preferably used. From an application point of view, those alkyl and / or alkenyl oligoglycosides are preferred whose degree of oligomerization is less than 1.7 and in particular between 1.2 and 1.5. The alkyl or alkenyl radical R ¹ can be derived from primary alcohols having 4 to 11, preferably 8 to 10, carbon atoms. Typical examples are butanol, capronic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol and undecyl alcohol and their technical mixtures, such as are obtained, for example, in the hydrogenation of technical fatty acid methyl esters or in the course of the hydrogenation of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis. Alkyl oligoglucosides of chain length Cβ-Cio (DP = 1 to 3) are preferred, which are obtained as a preliminary step in the separation of technical C_-Ci8 coconut fatty alcohol by distillation and are contaminated with a proportion of less than 6% by weight of C12 alcohol can as well as alkyl oligoglucosides based on technical Cg / n-oxo alcohols (DP = 1 to 3). The alkyl or alkenyl radical R ¹ can also be derived from primary alcohols having 8 to 22, preferably 8 to 16 carbon atoms and particularly preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms. Typical examples are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadol alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, brassidyl alcohol, and the technical gemstones thereof, which can be obtained as well as their technical descriptions , Alkyl oligoglucosides based on hardened C 8/16 coconut alcohol with a DP of 1 to 3 are preferred. Amphoteric surfactants

Typical examples of amphoteric - also listed under "zwitterionic surfactants" - are alkyl betaines, alkyl amido betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, imidazolinium betaines, sulfobetaines and amphoacetates. The surfactants mentioned are exclusively known compounds. With regard to the structure and preparation of these substances, reference is made to relevant reviews are referenced.

Betaine

Betaines are known surfactants which are predominantly produced by carboxyalkylation, preferably carboxymethylation, of aminic compounds. The starting materials are preferably condensed with halocarboxylic acids or their salts, in particular with sodium chloroacetate, one mol of salt being formed per mole of betaine. The addition of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, is also possible. Examples of suitable betaines are the carboxyalkylation products of secondary and in particular tertiary amines which follow the formula (II)

R3

IR ² -N- (CH ₂ ) _n COOX (II)

IR ⁴

in which R ² for alkyl and / or alkenyl radicals with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, R ³ for hydrogen or alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R ⁴ for alkyl radicals with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 6 and X. represents an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal or ammonium. Typical examples are the carboxymethylation products of hexylmethylamine, hexyldimethylamine, octyldimethylamine, Removal cyldimethylamin, dodecylmethylamine, dodecyldimethylamine, Dodecylethylmethylamin, Ci2 / i4-Kokosal- kyldimethylamin, myristyldimethylamine, cetyldimethylamine, stearyldimethylamine, Stearylethylmethyl- amine, oleyl dimethyl amine, Cie / iβ tallow alkyl dimethyl amine, and their technical mixtures.

Carboxyalkylation products of amidoamines which follow the formula (III) are also suitable,

R3

IR ⁵ CO-NH. (CH ₂ ) mN- (CH ₂ ) nCOOX (III)

I in which R5CO represents an aliphatic acyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and 0 or 1 to 3 double bonds, m represents numbers from 1 to 3 and R ³ , R ⁴ , n and X have the meanings given above. Typical examples are reaction products of fatty acids with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, namely caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, araachearic acid , Gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid as well as their technical mixtures, with N, N-dimethylaminoethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopropylamine, N, N-diethylaminoethylamine and NN-diethylaminopropylamine, which are condensed with sodium chloroacetate. Preference is given to using a condensation product of Cβ-coconut fatty acid-NN-dimethylaminopropylamide with sodium chloroacetate.

Furthermore, suitable starting materials for the betaines to be used in accordance with the invention are also imidazolines which follow the formula (IV)

in which R ^{6 is} an alkyl radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms, R ^{7 is} a hydroxyl group, an OCOR ⁶ or NHCOR ⁷ radical and m is 2 or 3. These substances are also known substances which can be obtained, for example, by cyclizing condensation of 1 or 2 moles of fatty acid with polyhydric amines, such as, for example, aminoethylethanolamine (AEEA) or diethylene triamine. The corresponding carboxyalkylation products are mixtures of different open-chain betaines. Typical examples are condensation products of the above-mentioned fatty acids with AEEA, preferably imidazolines based on lauric acid or again Ci2 / i4 coconut fatty acid, which are subsequently betainized with sodium chloroacetate.

The preferred amphoteric surfactants for the purposes of the present invention are amphoacetates, and among them particularly preferred is lauroamphoacetate.

Anionic cosurfactants

Typical examples of anionic surfactants which are used as cosurfactants in the surfactant mixture are soaps, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkanesulfonates, olefin sulfonates, alkyl ether sulfonates, glycerol ether sulfonates, α-methyl ester sulfonates, sulfofatty acids, alkyl sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates, glycerate sulfate ether sulfate ethersulfate ethersulfate ethersulfate ) sulfates, fatty acid amide (ether) sulfates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinates, dialkyl (EO) sulfosuccinates, mono- and dialkyl sulfosuccinamates, sulfotriglycerides, amide soaps, ether carboxylic acids and their salts, fatty acid isethonates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, N-acylamino acids, such as acyl lactylates, acyl tartrates, acyl glutamates and acyl aspartates (alkyl oligoglucosate acid), (wheat oleaginate based) phosphate products, etherate products (especially oleaginate based) phosphate (vegetable acid) phosphate (vegetable acid) products (. If the anionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, these can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution. However, alkyl ether sulfates are preferably used as anionic cosurfactants.

alkyl ether

Alkyl ether sulfates ("ether sulfates") are known anionic surfactants which are produced on an industrial scale by SO3 or chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) sulfation of fatty alcohol or oxo alcohol polyglycol ethers and subsequent neutralization. For the purposes of the invention, ether sulfates which follow the formula (V) are suitable

R80. (CH2CH ₂ 0) _m Sθ3X (V)

in which R ^{8 represents} a linear or branched alkyl and / or alkenyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms, n for numbers from 1 to 10 and X for an alkali and / or alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium or glucammonium. Typical examples are the sulfates of addition products with an average of 1 to 10 and in particular 2 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide with capronic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capric alcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol Elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brasidyl alcohol and their technical mixtures in the form of their sodium and / or magnesium salts. The ether sulfates can have both a conventional and a narrow homolog distribution. It is particularly preferred to use ether sulfates based on adducts of an average of 2 to 3 mol ethylene oxide with technical C12 / 14 or C12 / 18 coconut oil alcohol fractions in the form of their sodium and / or magnesium salts.

Consistency agents and thickeners

Consistency agents and thickeners can be used as optional components in the preparations according to the invention. As a coagulant, primarily fatty alcohols or hydroxy fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 and preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms and also alkylene glycol esters, such as polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, fatty acid alkanolamides, partial glycerides, fatty acids or hydroxy fatty acids, come into consideration. A combination of these substances with alkyl oligoglucosides is preferred and / or fatty acid N-methylglucamides of the same chain length and / or polyglycerol poly-12-hydroxystearates. Suitable thickeners are, for example, Aerosil types (hydrophilic silicas), polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl cellulose, and also higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, Polyacrylates (e.g. Carbopole® and Pemulen types from Goodrich; Synthalene® from Sigma; Keltrol types from Kelco; Sepigel types from Seppic; Salcare types from Allied Colloids), polyacrylamides, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Bentonites such as Bentone® Gel VS-5PC (Rheox), which is a mixture of cyclopentasiloxane, disteardimonium hectorite and propylene carbonate, have also proven to be particularly effective. Surfactants such as, for example, ethoxylated fatty acid glycerides, esters of fatty acids with polyols such as, for example, pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane, fatty alcohol ethoxylates with a narrow homolog distribution or alkyl oligoglucosides and electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride are also suitable.

Polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters are preferably used, among which PEG distearate is particularly preferred.

The amounts of thickeners and consistency agents to be used depend on the desired degree of viscosity. Preparations with the surfactant mixtures according to the invention should have a viscosity of 1000 to 10000 mPas, preferably 3000 to 6000 mPas (measured using a Brookfield RVT viscometer, spindle 4, 10 rpm, at 23 ± 3 ° C.).

Industrial applicability

The surfactant mixtures according to the invention are notable for special foam and cleaning properties. They are compatible with skin cosmetics.

Another object of the invention therefore relates to their use for the production of cosmetic preparations in which they can be present in amounts of 0.1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15 and in particular 5 to 10% by weight, based on the composition.

Preparations which contain the surfactant mixtures according to the invention usually follow the composition: a) 0.1 to 20% by weight alkyl oligoglycosides, b) 0.1 to 20% by weight amphoteric surfactants and c) 0.1 to 20% by weight anionic cosurfactants with the proviso that the quantitative ratio of alkyl polyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants to the anionic cosurfactant [(a + b): c] is in the range from 1.1: 1 to 10: 1 and that the quantities given add up to 100% by weight with other auxiliaries , The preparations preferably have the following composition: a) 1 to 10% by weight alkyl oligoglycosides, b) 1 to 10% by weight amphoteric surfactants and c) 1 to 10% by weight anionic cosurfactants with the proviso that the quantitative ratio of alkyl polyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants for the anionic cosurfactant [(a + b): c] is in the range from 1.5: 1 to 5: 1 and the amounts given are supplemented by 100% by weight with other auxiliaries.

Preparations containing a) 2 to 5% by weight of alkyl oligoglycosides, b) 2 to 5% by weight of amphoteric surfactants and c) 2 to 5% by weight of anionic cosurfactants are particularly preferred with the proviso that the quantitative ratio of alkyl polyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants to the anionic Co-surfactant [(a + b): c] is in the range from 2: 1 to 3: 1 and the quantities given add up to 100% by weight with other auxiliaries.

In the particularly preferred preparations, the surfactants are present in the quantitative ratio of alkyl oligoglycosides to amphoteric surfactants to anionic cosurfactants [a: b: c] such as (1, 0 to 1, 5): (1, 0 to 1, 3): 1.

Cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations

The surfactant mixtures according to the invention can be used for the production of cosmetic and / or pharmaceutical preparations, such as, for example, hair shampoos, hair lotions, bubble baths, shower baths, gels, alcoholic and aqueous / alcoholic solutions, emulsions, but preferably for washing preparations. These agents can also be used as further auxiliaries and additives, other mild surfactants, oil bodies, emulsifiers, superfatting agents, pearlescent waxes, consistency agents, thickening agents, polymers, silicone compounds, fats, waxes, lecithins, phospholipids, stabilizers, biogenic agents, deodorants, Contain anti-dandruff agents, film formers, swelling agents, UV light protection factors, hydrotropes, preservatives, insect repellents, tyrosine inhibitors (de-pigmentation agents), solubilizers, perfume oils, dyes and the like.

Other surfactants

Other mild surfactants of nonionic and / or cationic nature can be contained as surface-active substances. In addition to the alkyl polyglycosides, typical examples of further nonionic surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, fatty acid polyglycol esters, fatty acid amide polyglycol ethers, fatty amine polyglycol ethers, alkoxylated triglycerides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, fatty acid N- alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates (especially vegetable products based on wheat), polyol fatty acid esters, sugar esters, sorbitan esters, polysorbates and amine oxides. If the nonionic surfactants contain polyglycol ether chains, they can have a conventional, but preferably a narrow, homolog distribution. Typical examples of cationic surfactants are quaternary ammonium compounds, such as, for example, dimethyldistearylammonium chloride, esterquats, in particular quaternized fatty acid trialkanolamine ester salts, cationic protein hydrolyzates and quaternary alkylhydroxyammonium salts. Examples of particularly suitable mild, ie particularly skin-compatible, surfactants are fatty alcohol polyglycol ether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, mono- and / or dialkyl sulfosuccinates, fatty acid isethionates, fatty acid sarcosinates, fatty acid taurides, fatty acid glutamates, α- olefinsulfonates, ether carboxylic acids, fatty acid glucamides and / or protein fatty acid condensates, the latter preferably based on wheat proteins ,

oil body

Suitable oil bodies are, for example, Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols having 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear _C6-C22 fatty acids with linear or branched C6-C ₂₂ fatty alcohols or esters of branched C6-Ci3-carboxylic acids with linear or branched C6-C ₂₂ fatty alcohols such as myristyl myristate, myristyl stearate, myristyl palmitate sostearat Myristyli-, myristyl, Myristylbehenat, Myristylerucat, cetyl myristate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl stearate, Cetylisostearat, cetyl oleate, cetyl behenate, Cetylerucat, Stearylmyristat, stearyl palmitate, stearyl stearate, Stearylisostearat, stearyl oleate, stearyl behenate, Stearylerucat, isostearyl, isostearyl palmitate, Isostearylstearat, isostearyl isostearate, Isostearyloleat, isostearyl behenate, Isostearyloleat, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate, oleyl isostearate, oleyl oleate, Oleylbehenat, oleyl erucate, behenyl myristate, behenyl palmitate, behenyl, Behenylisostearat, behenyl oleate, Behenylb marriage, behenyl erucate, erucyl myristate, erucyl palmitate, erucyl stearate, erucyl isostearate, erucyl oleate, erucyl behenate and erucyl rucate. Also suitable are esters of linear _C6-C22 fatty acids with branched alcohols, especially 2-ethylhexanol, esters of C38-CI8 alkylhydroxycarboxylic acids with linear or branched C6-C ₂₂ fatty alcohols, more especially Dioctyl Malate, esters of linear and / or branched Fatty acids with polyhydric alcohols (such as propylene glycol, dimer diol or trimer triol) and / or Guerbet alcohols, triglycerides based on C6-Cιo fatty acids, liquid mono- / di- / triglyceride mixtures based on C6-Ci8 fatty acids, esters of C6- C ₂₂ fatty alcohols and / or Guerbet alcohols with aromatic carboxylic acids, in particular benzoic acid, esters of C ₂ -Ci2-dicarboxylic acids with linear or branched alcohols with 1 to 22 carbon atoms or polyols with 2 to 10 carbon atoms and 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, linear and branched C6-C ₂ fatty alcohol carbonates, such as, for example, dicaprylyl carbonates (Cetiol® CC), Guerb etcarbonates based on fatty alcohols with 6 to 18, preferably 8 to 10 C atoms, esters of benzoic acid with linear and / or branched C6-C ₂₂ alcohols (e.g. Finsolv® TN), linear or branched, symmetrical or asymmetrical dialkyl ethers with 6 to 22 carbon atoms per AI alkyl group, such as dicaprylyl ether (Cetiol® OE), ring opening products of epoxidized fatty acid esters with polyols, silicone oils (cyclomethicones, silicon methicone types, etc.) and / or aliphatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons, such as squalane, squalene or dialkylcyclohexanes.

emulsifiers

In addition to the surfactant combination according to the invention, further emulsifiers can be used in the preparations.

> Ethylene oxide addition products

The adducts of ethylene oxide and / or of propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, alkylphenols or with castor oil are known, commercially available products. These are mixtures of homologs, the average degree of alkoxylation of which is the ratio of the amounts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and substrate, with which the addition reaction is carried out. Cimβ fatty acid monoesters and diesters of adducts of ethylene oxide with glycerol are known as refatting agents for cosmetic preparations.

partial glycerides

Typical examples of suitable partial glycerides are hydroxystearic acid monoglyceride, stearic acid diglyceride hydroxy, isostearic acid, Isostearinsäu red Triglycerides, Ölsäuremonogly- cerid, oleic acid diglyceride, Ricinolsäuremoglycerid, Ricinolsäurediglycerid, Linolsäuremonoglycerid, Linolsäurediglycerid, Linolensäuremonoglycerid, Linolensäurediglycerid, Erucasäuremonoglycerid, Erucasäurediglycerid, Weinsäuremonoglycerid, Weinsäurediglycerid, Citronensäuremonoglycerid, Citronendiglycerid, Äpfelsäuremonoglycerid, Malic acid diglyceride and their technical mixtures, which may still contain small amounts of triglyceride from the manufacturing process. Addition products of 1 to 30, preferably 5 to 10, mol of ethylene oxide onto the partial glycerides mentioned are also suitable.

Anionic emulsifiers

Typical substances of the anionic emulsifiers already falling under the anionic cosurfactants are aliphatic fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as palmitin acid, stearic acid or behenic acid, and dicarboxylic acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms, such as azelaic acid or sebacic acid.

> Amphoteric and cationic emulsifiers

Zwitterionic surfactants can also be used as emulsifiers. Some of these are identical to the amphoteric surfactants present in the surfactant mixture according to the invention. Zwitterionic surfactants are those surface-active compounds which carry at least one quaternary ammonium group and at least one carboxylate and / or one sulfonate group in the molecule. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the so-called betaines such as the N-alkyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut alkyldimethylammonium glycinate, N-acylaminopropyl-N, N-dimethylammonium glycinate, for example coconut acylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and 2-alkyl-3 -carboxylmethyl- 3-hydroxyethylimidazolines each having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group and the cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate. The fatty acid amide derivative known under the CTFA name Cocamidopropyl Betaine is particularly preferred. Suitable emulsifiers are ampholytic surfactants. Ampholytic surfactants are surface-active compounds which, in addition to a Cβnβ-alkyl or acyl group, contain at least one free amino group and at least one -COOH or -SOsH group in the molecule and are capable of forming internal salts. Examples of suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionic acids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkyliminodipropionic acids, N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropylglycines, N-alkyltaurines, N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkylaminopropionic acids and alkylaminoacetic acids, each with about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants are N-coconut alkyl aminopropionate, coconut acylaminoethyl aminopropionate and Ci2 / i8 acyl sarcosine. Finally, cationic surfactants are also suitable as emulsifiers, those of the type of the cationic protein hydrolyzates and quaternary alkylammonium salts and of the esterquats, preferably methylquaternized difatty acid triethanolamine ester salts, being particularly preferred.

Fats and waxes

Typical examples of fats are Glycehde, i.e. Solid or liquid vegetable or animal products, which consist essentially of mixed glycerol esters of higher fatty acids, come as waxes, among others. natural waxes such as Candelilla wax, carnauba wax, Japanese wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, montan wax, beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), pretzel fat, ceresin, ozokerite (earth wax),

Petrolatum, paraffin waxes, micro waxes; chemically modified waxes (hard waxes), such as Monn Tan waxes, Sasol waxes, hydrogenated jojoba waxes as well as synthetic waxes, such as, for example, polyalkylene waxes and polyethylene glycol waxes. In addition to fats, fat-like substances such as lecithins and phospholipids can also be used as additives. The person skilled in the art understands the term lecithins as those glycerophospholipids which are formed from fatty acids, glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline by esterification. Lecithins are therefore often used in the professional world as phosphatidylcholines (PC). Examples of natural lecithins are the cephalins, which are also referred to as phosphatidic acids and are derivatives of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acids. In contrast, phospholipids are usually understood to be mono- and preferably diesters of phosphoric acid with glycerol (glycerol phosphates), which are generally classed as fats. In addition, sphingosines or sphingolipids are also suitable.

pearlescent

Pearlescent waxes that can be used are, for example: alkylene glycol esters, especially ethylene glycol distearate; Fatty acid alkanolamides, especially coconut fatty acid diethanolamide; Partial glycerides, especially stearic acid monoglyceride; Esters of polyvalent, optionally hydroxy-substituted carboxylic acids with fatty alcohols having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, especially long-chain esters of tartaric acid; Fatty substances, such as, for example, fatty alcohols, fatty ketones, fatty aldehydes, fatty ethers and fatty carbonates, which have a total of at least 24 carbon atoms, especially lauron and distearyl ether; Fatty acids such as stearic acid, hydroxystearic acid or behenic acid, ring opening products of olefin epoxides with 12 to 22 carbon atoms with fatty alcohols with 12 to 22 carbon atoms and / or polyols with 2 to 15 carbon atoms and 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups and mixtures thereof.

superfatting

Substances such as, for example, lanolin and lecithin and polyethoxylated or acylated lanolin and lecithin derivatives, polyol fatty acid esters, monoglycerides and fatty acid alkanolamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers.

stabilizers

Metal salts of fatty acids, such as e.g. Magnesium, aluminum and / or zinc stearate or ricinoleate can be used.

polymers

Suitable cationic polymers are, for example, cationic cellulose derivatives, such as, for example, a quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose, which is available under the name Polymer JR 400® from Amerchol, cationic starch, copolymers of diallylammonium salts and acrylamides, quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone / vinylimidazole polymers, such as, for example, Luviquat® (BASF), condensation products of polyglycols and amines, quaternized collagen polypeptides, such as, for example, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen (Lamequat®L / Grünau), quaternized wheat polypeptides, polyethyleneimine, cationic silicone polymers , such as, for example, amodimethicones, copolymers of adipic acid and dimelhyaminohydroxypropyldiethylenetriamine (Cartaretine® / Sandoz), copolymers of acrylic acid with dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (Merquat® 550 / Chemviron), polyaminopolyamides and their crosslinked water-soluble polymers, optionally cationic chitinated derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitin derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitin derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitin derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitin derivatives such as quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives such as, for example, quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives, such as, for example, quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives, such as, for example, quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives, such as, for example, quinine-crystalline chitinated derivatives, distributed, condensation products from dihaloalkylene, such as dibromobutane with bisdialkylamines, such as bis-dimethylamino-1,3-propane, cationic guar gum, such as Jaguar® CBS, Jaguar® C-17, Jaguar® C-16, Jaguar® C162 from Celanese, quaternized ammonium salt polymers, such as Mirapol® A- 15, Mirapol® AD-1, Mirapol® AZ-1 from Miranol.

Anionic, zwitterionic, ^' amphoteric and nonionic polymers include, for example, vinyl acetate / crotonic acid copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate / butyl maleate / isobomylacrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymers and their crosslinked polyesters and their esters, non-crosslinked polyacrylic acids, acrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride / acrylate copolymers, octylacrylamide / acrylate Methylmeth / tert.Butylaminoethylmethacrylat / 2-hydroxypropyl pylmethacrylat copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone / dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate / vinyl caprolactam terpolymers and optionally derivatized cellulose ethers and silicones Question.

silicone compounds

Suitable silicone compounds are, for example, dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, diethiconecopolyol, cyclic silicones and amino, fatty acid, alcohol, polyether, epoxy, fluorine, glycoside and / or alkyl-modified silicone compounds, which can be both liquid and resinous at room temperature , Simethicones, which are mixtures of dimethicones with an average chain length of 200 to 300 dimethylsiloxane units and hydrogenated silicates, are also suitable.

UV light protection filters and antioxidants

UV light protection filters are understood to mean, for example, organic substances (light protection filters) which are liquid or crystalline at room temperature and which are able to absorb ultraviolet rays and release the absorbed energy in the form of longer-wave radiation, for example heat. UVB filters can be oil-soluble or water-soluble. In this case, water-soluble substances are particularly suitable. Examples of possible water-soluble substances are:

> 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium, alkylammonium, alkanolammonium and glucammonium salts;

> Sulfonic acid derivatives of benzophenones, preferably 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzo-phenon-5-sulfonic acid and its salts;

> Sulfonic acid derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, e.g. 4- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene-methyl) benzenesulfonic acid and 2-methyl-5- (2-oxo-3-bornylidene) sulfonic acid and their salts.

Biogenic agents

Examples of biogenic active substances include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, tocopherol palmitate, ascorbic acid, (deoxy) ribonucleic acid and its fragmentation products, ß-glucans, retinol, bisabolol, allantoin, phytantriol, panthenol, AHA acids, amino acids, ceramides, pseudocleamides, plant extracts, extracts of essential oils such as To understand prunus extract, Bambaranus extract and vitamin complexes.

Deodorants and germ inhibitors

Cosmetic deodorants counteract, mask or eliminate body odors. Body odors arise from the action of skin bacteria on apocrine sweat, whereby unpleasant smelling breakdown products are formed. Accordingly, deodorants contain active ingredients which act as germ-inhibiting agents, enzyme inhibitors, odor absorbers or odor maskers.

Anti-germ agents

In principle, all substances effective against gram-positive bacteria are suitable as germ-inhibiting agents, such as. B. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts and esters, N- (4-chloro-phenyl) -N ^' - (3,4 dichlorophenyl) urea, 2,4,4 ^' -Trichlor-2 ^' -hydroxy-diphenyl ether (triclosan), 4 chloro-3,5-dimethyl phenol, 2,2 ^{'-methylene-bis} (6-bromo-4-chlorophenol), 3-methyl-4- (1-methylethyl) phenol, 2-benzyl-4-chlorophenol , 3- (4-chlorophenoxy) -1, 2-propanediol, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, chlorhexidine, 3,4,4 ^{'-Trichlorcarbanilid} (TTC), antibacterial fragrances, thymol, thyme oil, eugenol, clove oil, menthol, Mint oil, farnesol, phenoxyethanol, glycerol monocaprinate, glycerol monocaprylate, glycerol monolaurate (GML), diglycerol monocaprinate (DMC), salicylic acid N-alkylamides such as B. salicylic acid-n-octylamide or salicylic acid-n-decylamide. enzyme inhibitors

Esterase inhibitors, for example, are suitable as enzyme inhibitors. These are preferably trialkyl citrates such as trimethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, triisopropyl citrate, tributyl citrate and in particular triethyl citrate (Hydagen® CAT). The substances inhibit enzyme activity and thereby reduce odor. Other substances which can be considered as esterase inhibitors are sterolsulfates or phosphates, such as, for example, lanosterol, cholesterol, campesterin, stigmasterol and sitosterol sulfate or phosphate, dicarboxylic acids and their esters, such as, for example, glutaric acid, glutaric acid monoethyl ester, and glutaric acid red ethyl ester, adipic acid, α-dipoic acid monoethyl ester, adipic acid diethyl ester, malonic acid and malonic acid diethyl ester, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their esters such as citric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or tartaric acid diethyl ester, and zinc glycinate.

odor absorbers

Suitable as odor absorbers are substances which absorb odor-forming compounds and can retain them to a large extent. They lower the partial pressure of the individual components and thus also reduce their speed of propagation. It is important that perfumes must remain unaffected. Odor absorbers are not effective against bacteria. They contain, for example, a complex zinc salt of ricinoleic acid or special, largely odorless fragrances, which are known to the person skilled in the art as "fixers", such as, for example, the main component. B. extracts of Labdanum or Styrax or certain abietic acid derivatives. Fragrance agents or perfume oils act as odor maskers and, in addition to their function as odor maskers, give the deodorants their respective fragrance. Perfume oils are, for example, mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts from flowers, stems and leaves, fruits, fruit peels, roots, woods, herbs and grasses, needles and twigs as well as resins and balms. Animal raw materials, such as civet and castoreum, are also suitable. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, linalyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, styrallyl propionate and benzyl salicylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetal dehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, and the ketones include the joonons and methyl cedryl ketone Alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce an appealing fragrance. Also essential oils less Volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are suitable as perfume oils, for example sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labdanum oil and lavender oil. Bergamotte oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzylacetone, cyclamenaldehyde, linalool, boisambrene forte, ambroxan, indole, hedione, sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin alcohol, allyl glycolate, orange oil alcohol, orange oil glycol, are preferred , Lavandin oil, muscatel sage oil, ß-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilate, irotyl and floramate alone or in mixtures, alone or in mixtures, used.

film formers

Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives, collagen, hyaluronic acid or its salts and similar compounds.

Antidandruff agents

Piroctone olamine (1-hydroxy-4-methyl-6- (2,4,4-trimythylpentyl) -2- (IH) -pyridinone monoethanolamine salt), Baypival® (climbazole), Ketoconazol® (4-acetyl-1- {-4- [2- (2.4- dichlorophenyl) r-2- (1 H -imidazol-1-ylmethyl) -1, 3-dioxylan-c-4-ylmethoxyphenylpiperazine, ketoconazole, elubiol, selenium disulfide, sulfur colloidal, Schwefelpolyehtylenglykolsorbitanmonooleat, nolpolyehtoxylat Schwefelrizi-, Schwefelteer distillate, salicylic acid (or in combination with hexachlorophene), UN dexylensäure monoethanolamide sulfosuccinate Na salt, Lamepon® UD (protein undecylenic acid condensate), zinc pyrithione, magnesium pyrithione Aluminiumpyrithion and / dipyrithione magnesium sulfate in question ,

swelling agent

Montmorillonites, clay minerals, pemules and alkyl-modified carbopol types (Goodrich) can serve as swelling agents for aqueous phases.

Insect repellents

Suitable insect repellents are N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide, 1, 2-pentanediol or ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate. Hvdrotrope

Hydrotropes such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol or polyols can also be used to improve the flow behavior. Polyols that come into consideration here preferably have 2 to 15 carbon atoms and at least two hydroxyl groups. The polyols can also contain further functional groups, in particular amino groups, or be modified with nitrogen. Typical examples are

> Glycerin;

> Alkylene glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and polyethylene glycols with an average molecular weight of 100 to 1,000 daltons;

> technical oligoglycerol mixtures with a degree of self-condensation of 1.5 to 10 such as technical diglycerol mixtures with a diglycerol content of 40 to 50% by weight;

> Methyl compounds, such as in particular trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol;

> Lower alkyl glucosides, in particular those with 1 to 8 carbons in the alkyl radical, such as methyl and butyl glucoside;

> Sugar alcohols with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sorbitol or mannitol,

> Sugar with 5 to 12 carbon atoms, such as glucose or sucrose;

> Aminosugars such as glucamine;

> Dialcohol amines, such as diethanolamine or 2-amino-1, 3-propanediol.

preservative

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentanediol or sorbic acid as well as the silver complexes known under the name Surfacine® and the other classes of substances listed in Appendix 6, Parts A and B of the Cosmetics Ordinance.

Perfume oils and flavors

Perfume oils include mixtures of natural and synthetic fragrances. Natural fragrances are extracts of flowers (lily, lavender, rose, jasmine, neroli, ylang-ylang), stems and leaves (geranium, patchouli, petitgrain), fruits (anise, coriander, caraway, juniper), fruit peel (bergamot, lemon, Oranges), roots (mace, angelica, celery, cardamom, costus, iris, calmus), woods (pine, sandal, guaiac, cedar, rosewood), herbs and grasses (tarragon, Lemongrass, sage, thyme), needles and twigs (spruce, fir, pine, mountain pine), resins and balsams (galbanum, elemi, benzoin, myrrh, olibanum, opoponax). Animal raw materials, such as civet and castoreum, are also suitable. Typical synthetic fragrance compounds are products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, p-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate, oleyl acetate, dimethylbenzylcarbinylacetate, phenylethyl acetate, linalyl benzoate, benzyl formate, ethyl methylphenyl glycinate, allyl cyclohexyl benzylatepylpropionate, allyl cyclohexyl propylate. The ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes include, for example, the linear alkanals having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, citral, citronellal, citronellyloxyacetaldehyde, cyclamenaldehyde, hydroxycitronellal, lilial and bourgeonal, and the ketones include, for example, the jonones, α-isomethylionone and methylcedrylketone the alcohols anethole, citronellol, eugenol, isoeugenol, geraniol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and terpineol, the hydrocarbons mainly include the terpenes and balsams. However, preference is given to using mixtures of different fragrances which together produce an appealing fragrance. Essential oils of lower volatility, which are mostly used as aroma components, are also suitable as perfume oils, for example sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, oliban oil, galbanum oil, labolanum oil and lavandin oil. Preferably, bergamot oil, dihydromyrcenol, lilial, lyral, citronellol, phenylethyl alcohol, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde, geraniol, benzyl acetone, cyclamen aldehyde, linalool, Boisambrene Forte, Ambroxan, indole, hedione, Sandelice, lemon oil, mandarin oil, orange oil, allyl amyl glycolate, Cyclovertal, lavandin oil, muscatel Sage oil, ß-damascone, geranium oil bourbon, cyclohexyl salicylate, Vertofix Coeur, Iso-E-Super, Fixolide NP, evernyl, iraldein gamma, phenylacetic acid, geranyl acetate, benzyl acetate, rose oxide, romilllate, irotyl and floramate alone or in mixtures.

Suitable flavors are, for example, peppermint oil, spearmint oil, anise oil, star anise oil, caraway oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, lemon oil, wintergreen oil, clove oil, menthol and the like.

dyes

The dyes which can be used are those which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes. Examples are Kochillerot A (Cl 16255), Patent Blue V (C.1.42051), Indigotine (C.1.73015), Chlorophyllin (C.1.75810), Quinoline Yellow (CI47005), Titanium Dioxide (C.1.77891), Indanthrene Blue RS (Cl 69800) and Madder varnish (CI58000). Luminol may also be present as the luminescent dye. These dyes are usually used in concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole. Examples

manufacturing

The surfactants are dissolved in demineralized water with stirring. Additives and auxiliaries, if necessary incorporated by heating with stirring, and viscosity and pH adjusted if necessary.

Table 1

Composition of the surfactant mixtures according to the invention - quantities in% by weight of active substance with which

Provided that the amounts stated with the usual auxiliaries and additives add up to 100% by weight.

Source of supply for the commercial products - Cognis Düsseldorf

Table 2 below contains a number of formulation examples.

Table 2

Cosmetic preparations (water, preservatives, pH regulator ad 100% by weight)

Quantities in% by weight of active substance

Claims

claims

1. Surfactant mixtures containing a) alkyl oligoglycosides, b) amphoteric surfactants and c) at least one anionic cosurfactant

with the proviso that the quantitative ratio of alkyl polyglycosides and amphoteric surfactants to the anionic cosurfactant [(a + b): c] is in the range from 1.1: 1 to 10: 1 and that the amounts given may be 100% by weight with other auxiliaries. % complete.

2. Surfactant mixtures according to claim 1, characterized in that they contain betaines and / or amphoacetates as amphoteric surfactants.

3. surfactant mixtures according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that they contain - as anionic cosurfactant alkyl (ether) sulfates.

4. surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as component a) alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides of the formula (I),

in which R ^{1 represents} an alkyl and / or alkenyl radical having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, G represents a sugar radical having 5 or 6 carbon atoms and p represents numbers from 1 to 10.

5. Preparations with surfactant mixtures according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that they contain a total surfactant content of at most 20% by weight of active substance - based on the preparation.

6. Preparations according to claim 5, characterized in that they contain thickeners and / or consistency agents as a further component.