WO2004079455A1 - 電子写真感光体用基体、該基体の製造方法および該基体を用いた電子写真感光体 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体用基体、該基体の製造方法および該基体を用いた電子写真感光体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004079455A1 WO2004079455A1 PCT/JP2004/002636 JP2004002636W WO2004079455A1 WO 2004079455 A1 WO2004079455 A1 WO 2004079455A1 JP 2004002636 W JP2004002636 W JP 2004002636W WO 2004079455 A1 WO2004079455 A1 WO 2004079455A1
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- substrate
- electrophotographic photosensitive
- photosensitive member
- electrophotographic
- brush
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/10—Bases for charge-receiving or other layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
Definitions
- Substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor Description: Substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for producing the substrate, and electrophotographic photoreceptor using the substrate
- the present invention relates to a technique for preventing the occurrence of interference fringes on a printed image, which is a type of image defect in an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and relates to a simple and highly productive roughening of a substrate surface that does not cause other image defects.
- a technique for preventing the occurrence of interference fringes on a printed image which is a type of image defect in an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and relates to a simple and highly productive roughening of a substrate surface that does not cause other image defects.
- the base material used for the electrophotographic photosensitive member a cylinder made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a material obtained by evaporating aluminum on a resin, or a belt made of stainless steel or a nickel alloy is mainly used.
- the unevenness called interference fringes may occur on the image due to the small irregularities and high reflectance.
- Patent Documents 1 to 8 As a measure to prevent this interference fringe defect, a method of roughening the interface of the substrate is effective, and various roughening methods have been proposed (Patent Documents 1 to 8).
- a plast method using ice or dry ice has also been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 4 to 6).
- productivity is inferior to grinding, which is a method of rubbing abrasive grains.
- productivity is increased by using abrasive grains having a large particle size, the size becomes too large, and charge tends to leak when the electrophotographic photosensitive member is used, and defects such as minute black spots on an image are obtained. Issues arise.
- An undercoating layer with a thickness of about several im is often provided under the photosensitive layer to prevent image defects such as image sunspots and chili capri, and to stabilize the electrical characteristics.However, titanium oxide is dispersed in a nylon resin. In addition, a commonly used undercoat layer has a high light transmittance, and the effect of preventing interference fringes is weak.
- a first gist of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate having a groove pattern formed by forming a large number of fine grooves on at least almost the entire surface of an image forming area on the substrate surface. And wherein the groove has a curved and discontinuous shape when the surface of the substrate is developed on a plane.
- a second aspect of the present invention resides in a method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized in that a flexible material is brought into contact with a surface of a substrate and is moved relatively to the surface of the substrate.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor using the substrate is a third aspect.
- an image forming apparatus and a cartridge using the photoconductor are a fourth aspect.
- the regularity of the light reflected on the substrate surface is disturbed by making the grooves formed on the surface of the substrate a curved and discontinuous groove, and the interference with the reflected light on the interface of the coating film is disturbed.
- the direction of the reflected light scattered by the groove is a specific angle direction, but the curved light changes the direction of the reflected light slightly.
- the direction of the reflected light at the seam of the groove changes due to the discontinuity of the groove, the direction of the reflected light on the substrate surface is complicated, and the effect of suppressing interference fringes is high. Become.
- the substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can obtain a good image without completely exhibiting image defects such as black spots while completely preventing fringes due to exposure light interference.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of a method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of the shape of the groove when the surface of the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is developed in a plane.
- FIG. 3 shows the shape of the groove when the surface of the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention is developed on a plane It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a shape.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of a method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing one example of a method for producing the substrate for an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing one example of a method for producing a substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are flow charts showing a method of roughening the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cutting device used when manufacturing the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shape of the groove when the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention is developed in a plane.
- FIG. 10 is a front view, partially broken away, of an ironing apparatus used for manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor substrate of the present invention.
- (A) shows the state before ironing
- (b) shows the state before ironing. Indicates after ironing.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shape of the groove when the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member substrate of the present invention is developed in a plane.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a main configuration of the image forming apparatus of the present invention.
- a groove (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as an “arc-shaped groove”), which is curved and discontinuous when the surface of the substrate is developed on a plane, is formed. ing.
- a substrate employed in a known electrophotographic photosensitive member can be used.
- drums and sheets made of a metal material such as aluminum, stainless steel, copper, nickel or the like, laminates of these metal foils, vapor-deposited materials, or aluminum, copper, palladium
- examples include an insulating substrate such as a polyester film or paper provided with a conductive layer such as tin oxide or indium oxide.
- a plastic film, a plastic drum, a paper, a paper tube and the like which is subjected to a conductive treatment by applying a conductive substance such as a metal powder, carbon black, copper iodide, and a polymer electrolyte together with a suitable binder.
- a conductive plastic sheet or drum containing a conductive substance such as metal powder, carbon black, and carbon fiber.
- a plastic film / belt which is conductively treated with a conductive metal oxide such as tin oxide and indium oxide is exemplified.
- a metal endless pipe such as aluminum is a preferable substrate.
- an endless pipe made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy (hereinafter may be collectively referred to as aluminum) can be suitably used as the substrate for the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- Aluminum endless pipes may be used as they are formed by ordinary processing methods such as extrusion and drawing, or may be those to which additional processing such as cutting, grinding and polishing is added.
- an intermediate layer such as a barrier layer may be further provided after forming the arc-shaped groove unique to the present invention.
- barrier layer examples include an anodized aluminum film, an inorganic layer such as aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide, polybutyl alcohol, casein, polybutylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, celluloses, gelatin, starch, polyurethane, polyimide, An organic layer such as polyamide is used.
- the arc-shaped groove peculiar to the present invention is formed by bringing a flexible material into contact with the surface of the substrate as a rubbing material and moving it relative to each other.
- the deformation of the rubbing material at the contact site changes the rubbing speed from the start to the end of the contact, so that the shape of the arc-shaped groove is curved.
- the shape of the arc-shaped groove is a curve unless the substrate and the rubbing material are brought into contact with each other while the rotation axes are parallel. That is, when forming the arc-shaped groove according to the present invention, the rotation axes of the base and the rubbing material are in a non-parallel positional relationship.
- grooves other than the arc-shaped grooves may be formed on the surface of the substrate of the present invention. The grooves other than the arc-shaped grooves will be described later together with the method of manufacturing the base.
- Flexible materials include rubber, resin, sponge, brush, cloth, and non-woven fabric. However, this is not the case. Further, in order to increase the generation efficiency of the arc-shaped groove, it is preferable that abrasives are added to these flexible materials, and a brush material is more preferable.
- any material may be used as long as it has sufficient hardness to form and form the arc-shaped groove on the substrate on which the arc-shaped groove is to be formed, such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride.
- Known abrasive grains such as boron nitride, and alumina can be used. In the case of an aluminum substrate, alumina abrasive grains are preferred.
- the particle size of the abrasive flow can be from # 240 to # 250, usually specified in JISR6001, but among these, those with # 280 or more are preferable, and more Preferably
- a material in which abrasive grains are kneaded into a resin such as a lip or the like is preferable.
- Generally used grinding brushes mainly use the grinding force at the brush tip, but the brush with abrasive grains used in the present invention can effectively use the grinding at the brush body. It is possible to make it wider, increase productivity, and make use of the elasticity of the brush. In addition, clogging does not easily occur because the flexibility and contact portion of the brush material constantly change.
- JI SB 0 6 0 1 Maximum height roughness R z specified by 2 0 1 is 0.6 ⁇ R z ⁇ 2; um, and Kurtosis R ku of roughness curve is 3.9 ⁇ R ku ⁇ 30 and the groove width L of the substrate surface is preferably 0.5 ⁇ L ⁇ 6.0 Aim.
- Rz is too large, defects such as image black spots are likely to occur, and thus it is usually 2 ⁇ or less, preferably 1.8 / zm or less, and more preferably 1.6 m or less. Moreover, since the scattering effect of the reflected light R Z is too small will be insufficient, usually 0. 6 / m or more, preferably 0. 8 ⁇ ⁇ or more, more preferably used at 1. 0 mu m or more.
- R ku indicates the sharpness of the roughness distribution waveform.
- R ku gradually decreases as the surface is roughened, and converges to a value close to 3 as the surface is roughened.
- R ku is usually about 2.5 to 3
- R ku is usually about 2-3.
- Rku takes a large value when the formed arc-shaped groove is sparse, and becomes smaller as the surface roughening proceeds.Therefore, if the number of processing and / or time for forming the arc-shaped groove is increased, although it is smaller, it is usually used at 3.9 or more, preferably 4.2 or more, more preferably 4.5 or more in consideration of practical productivity, and usually 30 or less when image defects are considered. It is preferably used at 15 or less, more preferably at 10 or less.
- the groove width L is usually 0.5 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.6 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.7 ⁇ m. It is used as described above. If it is too large, the depth of the unevenness also increases and image defects are likely to occur, so that it is 6.0 / im or less, preferably 4.0 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less. Used in:
- R z, R ku and groove width L are the physical properties such as length, hardness, implantation density, grain size of abrasive grains kneaded into the brush material, and the number of rotations and contact of the brush material. It can be controlled by the processing conditions such as the time to be applied.
- Rz and groove width L are greatly affected by the particle size of the abrasive grains kneaded into the plush material. If the abrasive particle size is large, Rz and the groove width L are also large, and the abrasive particle size Is small, the Rz and the groove width L also tend to be small, so the abrasive grain size is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 5 ⁇ or more, and usually 5 O / im or less, preferably 35 5 ⁇ or less.
- Rku is related to the frequency of brush contact, and varies in particular with the number of rotations, processing time and number of processing times. Rku is large at the beginning of normal processing and becomes smaller as processing proceeds.Therefore, if Rku in the middle of processing is measured and processing is completed within the numerical range specified in the present invention, a desired arc-shaped groove is formed. A substrate can be obtained. Manufacturing method>
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a specific method for producing the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- the base body (1) is gripped by the inward expanding gripping mechanism (2), and is rotated around an axis.
- the wheel-shaped brush (3) is disposed so that the brush is in contact with the substrate, and moves relatively to the substrate while rotating around an axis.
- the direction of rotation when the wheel-shaped brush is used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the direction of travel of the brush on the surface of the base is the same as the relative movement direction of the entire brush.
- the relative movement direction of the entire brush may be such that the base and the brush are in contact with each other and the entire surface of the base corresponding to the image forming area is in contact with the brush, but preferably in a direction parallel to the axial direction of the base. Relative movement.
- the relative movement of the brush with respect to the substrate is usually sufficient once, but may be performed several times. When moving multiple times, they may always move in one direction or reciprocate relative to each other.
- the brush shaft is not parallel to the base in order to form the arc-shaped groove of the present invention, and the brush shaft is machined due to unevenness due to inclination of the base and the brush shaft or uneven contact due to brush uneven wear.
- the brush shaft is preferably disposed at a position (twisted position) that is not on the same plane as the base shaft.
- the base (1) can be obtained by setting a low brush rotation speed and a small contact allowance. 2), an oblique arc-shaped groove as shown in Fig. 2 is formed, and when the rotational speed of the brush is increased and the contact allowance is increased, an oblique grid-shaped groove as shown in Fig. 3 is formed. Is done. The latter has higher productivity and is more preferable.
- a wheel-shaped brush is used in this example, another shape such as a force-type brush may be used as shown in FIG. 4 (3 ').
- a cup-shaped brush both axes may be on the same plane unless the brush axis is parallel to the base axis.
- the brush material may be staggered on the substrate, but in order to further increase the implantation density, a method in which a channel brush is wound around a shaft has been used. preferable.
- a plurality of brushes may be used as shown in FIG.
- the productivity is improved by using a plurality of brushes, and a rough surface having a more complicated shape can be obtained by changing the rotation condition of each brush, so that the interference fringe suppression effect is further improved.
- the surface roughening process is preferably carried out by applying a cleaning solution or immersing in the cleaning solution in order to remove abrasive powder and abrasive grains detached from the substrate surface.
- a cleaning solution or immersing in the cleaning solution in order to remove abrasive powder and abrasive grains detached from the substrate surface.
- Various cleaning agents such as organic and water-based cleaning agents may be used as the cleaning solution, but ammonia-added water such as used in semiconductor cleaning may be used to prevent adsorption of fine particles.
- the surface is roughened using a processing oil instead of a cleaning solution to prevent surface corrosion. It is also possible to protect. In these cases, it is preferable to perform finish cleaning after the surface roughening process and before the coating process.Furthermore, incorporating a surface roughening process into the substrate cleaning process before the coating process enhances productivity. More on preferable. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, by incorporating the roughening brush (3) of the present invention immediately below the cleaning brush (4), it is possible to carry out strong physical cleaning immediately after the roughening, and to obtain a clean substrate surface. The surface can be roughened while maintaining the state.
- the method of forming the arc-shaped groove in the base of the present invention is as described above, but any processing can be performed on the base of the present invention prior to the formation of the arc-shaped groove.
- these processes include processes such as extrusion, drawing, cutting, grinding, and polishing that are performed when the above-described base is formed.
- the surface of the substrate before the formation of the arc-shaped groove is often a smooth mirror surface, and if this mirror surface is roughened by the above-described method, the surface of the substrate becomes arc-shaped as shown in FIGS. Only the groove will be formed.
- FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (c) the methods shown in FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (c) will be specifically described with examples.
- the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the following cases, and can be arbitrarily modified and implemented.
- the surface of the base may be subjected to rough cutting and finish cutting in advance.
- a cylindrical pipe hereinafter, appropriately referred to as “base tube” formed by extrusion and drawing with a smooth surface
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example of a cutting device used for rough cutting and finish cutting of a raw tube.
- the cutting device is a device that turns the outer surface of a cylindrical raw tube 10 with a cutting tool 11, and includes a cutting tool 11, a tool post 12, a guide pipe 13, and a bed 1. 4, slide stage 15 and head 16 are provided.
- the cutting tool 11 is a sword cutting tool for cutting the raw pipe 10.
- the cutting tool 11 is usually a solid cutting tool with a cutting edge 11A formed integrally with a shank with a rectangular cross section, or an assembling tool with a tip detachably fixed to the tip of the shank. used. Here, description will be made assuming that the latter assembly tool is used.
- the tool rest 12 is a stand for fixing the byte 11.
- the cutting tool 11 is fixed to the tool rest 12 along the shank in the radial direction of the raw tube 10.
- the guide pipe 13 is a pipe for cutting chips mounted on the side surface of the tool post 12.
- the inlet of the guide pipe 13 is installed toward the cutting edge 11 A of the byte 11, and the guide pipe 13 is provided so as to extend in the flow direction of the chips.
- the bed 14 is a base portion for supporting each component of the cutting device shown in FIG. 8, and is a pedestal having an upper surface formed in a planar shape.
- the slide stage 15 is a stage movably attached to the bed 14, and a tool rest 12 is installed on an upper portion thereof.
- the slide stage 15 is configured to be movable in any direction along the upper surface of the bed 14. Therefore, the tool rest 12, the cutting tool 11 and the guide pipe 13 attached to the tool rest 12 are also movable with the movement of the slide stage 14.
- the pair of heads 16 are gripping portions of the raw tube 10 attached to the bed 14 so that both ends of the raw tube 10 are gripped and the raw tube 10 is driven to rotate. It is configured.
- the cutting device shown in FIG. 8 is configured as described above. When using this cutting device, perform the following operations.
- the raw tube 10 is gripped by the head 16.
- the slide stage 15 is moved so that the cutting edge 11 A of the note 11 abuts on the surface of the base tube 10, and rough cutting is performed.
- the reason for performing the rough cutting is to remove uneven thickness and bending of the base.
- the shavings generated by the cutting are guided to a scrap box (not shown) through the guide pipe 13.
- a groove formed in the direction of rotation on the surface of the raw tube 10 by being cut into the cutting tool 11 and extending substantially along the circumferential direction of the raw tube 10 (hereinafter referred to as a “circumferential groove” as appropriate) That) Is formed.
- cutting burrs called “whiskers” are often formed on the surface of the raw tube 10 by rough cutting. If whiskers remain, they may cause leakage when used for image formation, and black spot defects when used for inversion image formation.Therefore, whiskers must be removed. desired.
- finish cutting is usually performed.
- the raw tube 10 is gripped by the head 16 and the slide stage 15 is moved while rotating the raw tube 10 so that the cutting tool 11 The cutting edge is brought into contact with the cutting edge 11 A by the surface of the raw tube 10.
- control appropriate for the purpose is performed. Specifically, turning conditions such as the moving speed of the slide stage 15, the rotation speed of the raw tube 10, the cutting depth of the byte 11, and the feed speed are precisely controlled.
- a circumferential groove suitable for roughening the base body is formed on the surface of the base tube 10.
- the groove shape of the circumferential groove is linear and continuous, and the regularity of the groove is extremely high, the effect of suppressing interference fringes is weakened.
- an arc-shaped groove is further formed on the surface of the raw tube 10 having the circumferential groove formed thereon in accordance with the above-described method, to manufacture a substrate for an electrophotosensitive member. That is, the flexible material is brought into contact with the surface of the raw tube 10 on which the circumferential groove is formed, and is moved relatively to the surface. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, an arc-shaped groove and a circumferential groove are formed on the surface of the base.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shape of a groove formed on the substrate surface when the substrate surface is developed on a plane, and the substrate surface developed on the plane is denoted by reference numeral 10 ′.
- the surface of the substrate becomes more complicated than when only the circumferential groove is formed.
- the regularity of the reflected light can be further disturbed.
- the groove shape was straight and continuous, and the regularity of the groove was extremely high, so that the effect of suppressing interference fringes was weakened. Since the arc-shaped groove is formed in addition to the circumferential groove as described above, it is possible to obtain a sufficient effect of suppressing interference fringes.
- a raw pipe will be described as an example of the base body before the formation of the arc-shaped groove, and will be described.
- the finish cutting is performed using, for example, a cutting device shown in FIG.
- the explanation of the finish cutting by the cutting device shown in FIG. 8 has already been described in the case 1 and is omitted here.
- a circumferential groove extending substantially along the circumferential direction of the raw tube 10 is formed on the surface of the raw tube 10 on the surface of the raw tube 10.
- the surface of the base may be ironed in advance.
- Fig. 10 is a front view of the ironing device used for ironing the extruded pipe 21 with a part cut away.
- Fig. 10 (a) shows the state in which the extruded pipe 21 is attached before ironing.
- Fig. 10 (b) shows the whole image just before the punch 22 rises and the nail 22 comes out to separate the extruded tube 21 closely attached to the punch 22 after the ironing process.
- One end of the extruded tube 21 is formed to have an inner diameter smaller than that of the other portions so that a punch 22 described later can be pressed from the inside.
- the ironing device shown in Fig. 10 is a device that performs ironing by passing a cylindrical extruded tube 21 through a mold, and includes a punch 22, a mold holder 23, a claw 24, and a hydraulic cylinder. 25, punch mounting plate 26, guide 27, jig 28, and pump 29 are provided.
- the punch 22 is a pressing member that enters the extrusion tube 21 and pushes the extrusion tube 21 into a mold attached to the mold holder 23.
- the mold holder 23 is a mold holding section in which a plurality of molds are stored. Further, the claw 24 is a claw for removing the extruded tube 21 from the punch 22 after ironing.
- the hydraulic cylinder 25 is a punch drive unit for raising and lowering the punch 22 in the vertical direction in the figure.
- the punch mounting plate 26 is a punch mounting portion for fixing the punch 22.
- the punch mounting plate 26 can be raised and lowered together with the punch 22 in the vertical direction in the figure along a guide 27 described later. .
- the guide 27 is a guide portion for guiding the punch mounting plate 26 in the vertical direction in the figure. Further, the jig 28 holds the extruded tube 21 removed from the punch 22. It is a jig for receiving.
- the pump 29 is a pump for supplying lubricating oil to the ironing part during ironing, and supplies lubricating oil while circulating the lubricating oil to each die held in the die holder 23. can do.
- the ironing device shown in FIG. 10 is configured as described above. When using this ironing device, perform the following operations.
- the lubricating oil is circulated through each mold by the pump 29. With the lubricating oil circulating, attach the extruded pipe 21 before processing to the punch 22. At this time, the punch 22 is kept waiting at the limit position above the mold holder 23.
- the valve of a hydraulic pump (not shown) for supplying hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic cylinder 25 is switched to drive the hydraulic cylinder 25.
- the punch 22 descends.
- the punch 22 descends while pushing one end (the lower end in FIG. 10) of the extruded tube 21 with its tip.
- the extruded tube 21 As the punch 22 descends, the extruded tube 21 also passes through a plurality of molds attached to the mold holder 23. When passing through the mold, the extruded tube 21 is repeatedly ironed to be processed to a predetermined size. Further, a groove (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as “axial groove”) is formed in the axial direction of the extruded tube 21 by ironing.
- the claw 24 advances and locks the other end (upper end) of the extruded tube 21. Subsequently, the valve of the hydraulic pump that drives the hydraulic cylinder 25 is switched, and the hydraulic cylinder 25 raises the punch 22.
- the extruded tube 21 pressed and brought into close contact with the punch 22 is removed from the punch 22 by the claw 24 and delivered to the jig 28. Also, the punch 22 returns to the limit position above the mold holder 23.
- the extruded tube 21 is processed into a predetermined size, an axial groove is formed, and the extruded tube 21 is roughened by the axial groove.
- the axial groove is formed linearly and continuously along the axial direction of the extruded pipe 21, the regularity is extremely high, and the surface is roughened only by the axial groove. Weak effect of suppression of interference fringes.
- an arc-shaped groove is formed on the extruded pipe 21 that has been ironed by the above-described surface roughening method. That is, the flexible material is brought into contact with the surface of the extruded tube 21 in which the axial groove is formed, and is moved relatively to the surface.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the shape of a groove formed on the surface of the base when the surface of the obtained base is developed on a plane.
- the surface of the base developed on the plane is denoted by reference numeral 2. Indicated by 1 '.
- the axial grooves Rz, Rku, the groove width L, and the like fall within the preferable ranges. Therefore, if ironing is performed in advance before the formation of the arc-shaped grooves, the surface of the substrate becomes more complicated than when only the axial grooves are formed, and the regularity of the light reflected on the surface of the substrate is further improved. Can be disturbed.
- the forming by ironing is much more productive than the forming by cutting, if the base is formed by ironing, the surface is roughened by cutting as in Examples 1 and 2.
- the time required for manufacturing the substrate of the present invention can be greatly reduced as compared with the case where molding or molding is performed.
- the axial grooves such as Rz, Rku, and groove width L do not necessarily need to be within the above-mentioned ranges, and may be sufficiently roughened as a substrate of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a specific arc-shaped groove, writing light reflects and interferes on the surface of the substrate and the interface of the coating film, and due to a slight difference in thickness of the coating film, the charge generation layer is formed. Interference fringes caused by uneven light intensity acting on the substrate surface The problem is solved by making the exposure light reflection irregular.
- any structure generally known as an electrophotographic photosensitive member can be applied.
- a so-called dispersed single-layer photosensitive layer in which particles of a charge generating material are dispersed in a charge transporting medium containing a charge transporting material, a charge generating layer containing a charge generating material, and a charge containing a charge transporting material.
- a so-called laminated type in which a transport layer is laminated can be applied.
- a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated on a substrate in this order (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a normally laminated photosensitive layer), or a laminated structure in which the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are laminated in the reverse order (hereinafter, reverse).
- a normally laminated photosensitive layer or a laminated structure in which the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are laminated in the reverse order (hereinafter, reverse).
- reverse a laminated structure in which the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer are laminated in the reverse order
- the exposure light source is not limited to light having a relatively long wavelength of 700 to 850 nm and light of a relatively short wavelength of 350 to 500 nm, which are generally widely used.
- the present invention can be applied to an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which all interference fringes are a problem.
- the charge generation material used in the electrophotographic photosensitive layer using the charge transport material of the present invention is arbitrary.
- the charge generation material include inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium, selenium-tellurium alloy, selenium-arsenic alloy, sulfide sulfur, and amorphous silicon.
- Particles metal-free phthalocyanine, metal-containing phthalocyanine, perinone pigment, indigo, thioindigo, quinatalidone, perylene pigment, anthraquinone pigment, azo pigment, bisazo pigment, trisazo pigment, tetrakis azo pigment
- various organic pigments and dyes such as cyanine pigments, polycyclic quinones, pyridinium salts, thiopyridyl salts, anthantrone and pyranthrone.
- One type of charge generating material may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in any combination and in any ratio.
- metal-free phthalocyanine or metal such as copper, indium chloride, gallium chloride, tin, oxytitanium, zinc, vanadium, or oxides and chlorides thereof, in that a highly sensitive photoreceptor can be obtained.
- Phthalocyanines, Azo pigments such as bisazo, trisazo and polyazos are preferred.
- metal-free and metal-containing phthalocyanines can provide photoconductors with high sensitivity to relatively long-wavelength laser light, as well as monoazo, bisazo, trisazo, etc. Are excellent in that they have sufficient sensitivity to white light and laser light of a relatively short wavelength.
- oxytitanium phthalocyanine whose black angle (2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.2) of the X-ray diffraction spectrum with respect to Cu K characteristic X-rays shows a main diffraction peak at 27.3 °
- Dicloth rossuphthalocyanine showing major diffraction peaks at 22.4 °, 28.4 ° and 30.1 °, 7.5 °, 9.9 °, 12.5 °, 16.3 °
- Hydroxygallium phthalocyanine showing major diffraction peaks at 18.6 °, 25.1 ° and 28.3 °, 7.4 °, 16.6 °, 25.5 ° and 28.3.
- Chlorogallium phthalocyanine which exhibits a diffraction peak at the peak, is preferred.
- the particle size of the charge generating material in the case of the dispersion type photosensitive layer must be sufficiently small, and is preferably 1 / m or less, more preferably 0.5 m or less.
- the amount of the charge generating material dispersed in the dispersion-type light-sensitive layer is, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 50% by weight. However, if the amount is too small, sufficient sensitivity cannot be obtained. There is an adverse effect such as reduction, and more preferably, it is used in the range of 1 to 20% by weight.
- the thickness of the dispersion type light-sensitive layer is usually 5 to 50 m, more preferably 10 to 45 m. Charge generation layer>
- the charge generation material is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent together with a binder polymer (binder resin) and other organic photoconductive compounds, dyes, and electron-withdrawing compounds as required. To form a charge generation layer.
- a binder polymer binder resin
- the dye or dye optionally added to the charge generation layer is optional, examples thereof include triphenylmethane dyes such as methyl violet, Priliant green, and crystal violet, thiazine dyes such as methylene blue, quinone dyes such as quinizarin, cyanine dyes, pyrylium salts, thiabilillium salts, and benzovirylium salts.
- triphenylmethane dyes such as methyl violet, Priliant green, and crystal violet
- thiazine dyes such as methylene blue
- quinone dyes such as quinizarin
- cyanine dyes cyanine dyes
- pyrylium salts pyrylium salts
- thiabilillium salts benzovirylium salts
- An electron-withdrawing compound that forms a charge-transfer complex with an arylamine-based compound is also optional.
- chloranil 2,3-diclo- 1,4-naphthoquinone, 12-throanthraquinone, 1-chloro-5 —Quinones such as 2-nitroanthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone, and phenanthrenequinone; aldehydes such as 4-nitrobenzaldehyde; 9-benzoylanthracene, indandione, and 3,5-dinitrobenzophenone Ketones such as 2,4,7-trinitole mouth fluorenone, 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone, 3,3 ', 5,5'-tetranitrobenzophenone; phthalic anhydride, 4-chloronaphthalene Acid anhydrides, such as acid anhydrides; tetracyanoethylene, terephthalanolemalononitrile, 91-anthrylmethylidenemalononitrile, 412 Benzanomalononitrinole, 4-
- the charge generation layer may be made of the above materials by using, for example, polyester resin, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, polybierp, pional, polybierptylal, phenoxy resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, etc. It may be used in the form of binder with various binder resins.
- the binder resin include polymers and copolymers of vinyl compounds such as styrene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid ester, bier alcohol, and ethyl bier ether, polyamide, silicon resin, and the like. Is mentioned.
- the usage ratio of the charge generation material is usually 20 to 2000 parts by weight, preferably 300 to 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.
- the thickness of the charge generating layer is usually from 0.05 to 5 ⁇ um, preferably from 0.1 / 1 111. 2 111, more preferably 0.15 ⁇ to 0.8 / m, is preferred.
- the charge generation layer may be a deposited film of the above-described charge generation material.
- charge transporting material there is no particular limitation on the charge transporting material, and known materials can be used arbitrarily. Examples thereof include an aromatic dinitro compound such as 2,4,7-trinitorofluorene and tetracyanoquinodimethane. Electron-withdrawing substances such as cyano compounds such as quinones such as diphenoquinone, etc., heterocyclic compounds such as oxazole derivatives, indole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, and thiadiazole derivatives, and aniline derivatives.
- cyano compounds such as quinones such as diphenoquinone, etc.
- heterocyclic compounds such as oxazole derivatives, indole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, pyrazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, and thiadiazol
- Hydrazone compounds aromatic amamine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, butadiene derivatives, enamine compounds, those in which a plurality of these compounds are bonded, or polymers such as polymers having a group consisting of these compounds in the main chain or side chain.
- Donor substances among them preferred are carbazole derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, aromatic amine derivatives, stilbene derivatives, butadiene derivatives, and those in which a plurality of these derivatives are bonded. What is obtained is preferable.
- the charge transporting material one kind may be used alone, and two kinds or more may be used in optional combination and ratio.
- the binder resin used in the charge transport layer in the case of the laminated photosensitive layer or the binder resin used as the matrix in the case of the dispersed photosensitive layer is optional, but it has good compatibility with the charge transport material.
- a polymer that does not crystallize or phase-separate the charge transporting material after film formation is preferable.
- a polymer of a biel compound such as styrene, butyl acetate, butyl chloride, acrylate, methacrylate, or butadiene is preferable.
- Chocopolymer polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate, poly Various polymers such as esters, polyester carbonates, polysulfones, polyimides, polyphenylene oxides, polyurethanes, cenorellose estenoles, cenote mouth sesthenoles, phenoxy resins, silicon resins, epoxy resins, and the like, are also included.
- a crosslinked cured product can also be used.
- One type of binder resin may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in any combination and in any ratio.
- the amount of the binder to be used is usually at least 0.5 times by weight, preferably at least 0.7 times by weight, particularly preferably at least 0.9 times by weight, and usually at least 30 times by weight, based on the arylamine compound.
- the range is at most 10 times by weight, preferably at most 10 times by weight, particularly preferably at most 8 times by weight.
- the charge transporting material contained in the charge transporting layer of the laminated photosensitive layer may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds in any combination and in any ratio.
- a charge transport layer is usually formed in such a form that these charge transport materials are bound to a binder resin.
- the charge transport layer may be composed of a single layer, or may be formed by stacking a plurality of layers having different constituent components or composition ratios.
- the ratio of the binder resin and the charge transporting material is usually at least 30 parts by weight, preferably at least 30 parts by weight with respect to the binder resin, because if the amount of the charge transporting material is too small relative to the binder resin, the electrical characteristics deteriorate. Used at 40 parts by weight or more. Also, if the amount of the charge transporting material is too large relative to the binder resin, the mechanical strength of the charge transporting layer becomes low. Is used at 150 parts by weight or less.
- the thickness of the charge transport layer is usually 10 to 60 / im, preferably 10 to 45 ⁇ , more preferably 15 to 40 ⁇ .
- the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may have a well-known plasticizer, a cross-linking agent, an antioxidant, a stabilizer, a sensitizer, and the like in order to improve film formability, flexibility, and mechanical strength.
- additives such as various leveling agents and dispersing aids may be contained.
- plasticizer examples include phthalic acid esters, phosphate esters, epoxy compounds, chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated fatty acid esters, and aromatic compounds such as methylnaphthalene.
- leveling agent examples include silicone oil, Fluorine-based oils, etc. are raised.
- antioxidants include hindered phenol compounds, hindered amine compounds, benzylamine compounds and the like.
- the photoreceptor thus formed may also include, if necessary, a layer for improving electrical and mechanical properties, such as a barrier layer, an intermediate layer such as an adhesive layer or a blocking layer, a transparent insulating layer, or a protective layer. Needless to say, it may have the following.
- a conventionally known overcoat layer mainly composed of, for example, a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer may be provided.
- the solvent for preparing the coating solution is optional, and examples thereof include ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane, ketones such as methinolethynoleketone and cyclohexanone; and aromatics such as toluene and xylene.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons Non-protonic polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, acetoethryl, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, etc .
- Esters such as ethyl acetate, methyl formate, methyl sorbate acetate
- Solvents that dissolve arylamine-based compounds such as chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloroethane and chloroform.
- Layer forming method> As a method for coating the photosensitive layer, any of known methods such as a spray coating method, a spiral coating method, a ring coating method, and a dip coating method can be used, but a dip coating method is usually used.
- Spray application methods include air spray, airless spray, electrostatic air spray, electrostatic ares spray, rotary atomizing electrostatic spray, hot spray, hot airless spray, etc., but fine particles to obtain a uniform film thickness Considering the degree of atomization and adhesion efficiency, etc., in the case of the rotary atomization type electrostatic spray, the transport method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-8051198, that is, in the axial direction while rotating a cylindrical work By continuously transporting the photoreceptor without leaving an interval, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high overall deposition efficiency and excellent film thickness uniformity.
- spiral coating method examples include a method using a liquid injection coating machine or a curtain coating machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 52-196951, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 1-2319666. And a method using a multi-nozzle body disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H3-193161. You.
- the drying temperature is usually from 100 to 250 ° C, preferably from 110 to 170 ° C. C is more preferably in the range of 120 to 140 ° C.
- a hot air dryer, a steam dryer, an infrared dryer, a far infrared dryer, or the like can be used as a drying method.
- FIG. 12 showing a main configuration of the apparatus.
- the embodiments are not limited to the following description, and can be arbitrarily modified and implemented without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member 31, a charging device 32, an exposing device 33, and a developing device 34, and further includes a transfer device as required. 35, a cleaning device 36 and a fixing device 37 are provided.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 31 is not particularly limited as long as it is the above-described electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention.
- the above-described light-sensitive layer is formed on the surface of a cylindrical conductive support. 4 shows a formed drum-shaped photoconductor.
- a charging device 32, an exposure device 33, a developing device 34, a transfer device 35, and a cleaning device 36 are arranged along the outer peripheral surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31.
- the charging device 32 charges the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31 and uniformly charges the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31 to a predetermined potential.
- the charging device include a corona charging device such as a corotron and a scorotron, and a direct charging device (contact type charging device) that contacts a surface of a photoreceptor by applying a voltage to a directly charged member (contact type charging device).
- the direct charging means include a contact roller such as a charging roller and a charging brush.
- FIG. 12 shows a roller-type charging device (charging roller) as an example of the charging device 32.
- the direct charging means either charging with air discharge or injection charging without air discharge is possible.
- the voltage applied at the time of charging only a DC voltage can be used, or an AC can be superimposed on a DC.
- the type of the exposure device 33 is not particularly limited as long as it can expose the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31 to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31.
- Specific examples include halogen lamps, fluorescent lamps, lasers such as semiconductor lasers and He-Ne lasers, and LEDs.
- the exposure may be performed by a photoconductor internal exposure method.
- the light used for exposure is arbitrary, for example, monochromatic light with a wavelength of 780 nm, monochromatic light with a wavelength slightly shorter than 600 nm to 700 nm, and wavelength of 380 nm to 5 nm. Exposure may be performed using monochromatic light having a short wavelength of 100 nm or the like.
- the type of the developing device 34 is not particularly limited, and may be any device such as a dry developing method such as cascade developing, one-component insulated toner developing, one-component conductive toner developing, two-component magnetic brush developing, and a wet developing method. Can be used.
- the developing device 34 includes a developing tank 41, an agitator 42, a supply roller 43, a developing roller 44, and The developing device 41 includes a regulating member 45 and stores the toner T inside the developing tank 41.
- a replenishing device (not shown) for replenishing the toner T may be attached to the developing device 34. This replenishing device is configured to be able to replenish the toner T from containers such as bottles and cartridges.
- the supply roller 43 is formed from a conductive sponge or the like.
- the developing roller 44 is made of a metal roll of iron, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, or the like, or a resin roll in which such a metal hole is coated with a silicon resin, a urethane resin, a fluorine resin, or the like.
- the surface of the developing roller 44 may be subjected to smoothing or roughening if necessary.
- the developing roller 44 is disposed between the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31 and the supply roller 43, and is in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31 and the supply roller 43, respectively.
- the supply roller 43 and the developing roller 44 are rotated by a rotation drive mechanism (not shown).
- the supply roller 43 carries the stored toner T and supplies it to the developing roller 44.
- the developing roller 44 carries the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 and contacts the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31.
- the regulating member 45 is formed of a resin blade such as a silicone resin or a urethane resin, a metal blade such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper, brass, phosphor bronze, or a blade obtained by coating such a metal blade with a resin. .
- the regulating member 45 comes into contact with the developing roller 44 and is pressed against the developing roller 44 side by a predetermined force (a general blade linear pressure is 5 to 500 g / cm) by a spring or the like. If necessary, the regulating member 45 may be provided with a function of charging the toner T by frictional charging with the toner T.
- the agitator 42 is rotated by a rotation drive mechanism, and agitates the toner T and conveys the toner T to the supply roller 43 side.
- a plurality of agitators 42 may be provided with different blade shapes, sizes, and the like.
- the type of the transfer device 35 is not particularly limited, and a device using an arbitrary method such as an electrostatic transfer method such as corona transfer, roller transfer, and belt transfer, a pressure transfer method, and an adhesive transfer method is used. be able to.
- the transfer device 35 corresponds to the electrophotographic photosensitive member 31. It is composed of a transfer charger, a transfer roller, a transfer belt, etc., which are arranged facing each other.
- the transfer device 35 applies a predetermined voltage value (transfer voltage) having a polarity opposite to the charging potential of the toner T, and transfers the toner image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor 31 to recording paper (paper, medium) P Is transferred to
- the cleaning device 36 is not particularly limited, and any cleaning device such as a brush cleaner, a magnetic brush cleaner, an electrostatic brush cleaner, a magnetic roller cleaner, and a blade cleaner can be used.
- the cleaning device 36 removes residual toner adhering to the photoreceptor 31 with a cleaning member and collects the residual toner.
- the fixing device 37 includes an upper fixing member (fixing roller) 71 and a lower fixing member (fixing roller) 72.
- a heating device 73 is provided inside the fixing member 71 or 72.
- FIG. 12 shows an example in which a heating device 73 is provided inside the upper fixing member 71.
- the upper and lower fixing members 71 and 72 are formed of a known heat roller such as a fixing roller in which a metal tube made of stainless steel, aluminum or the like is coated with silicone rubber, a fixing roller in which a fluorine resin is coated, and a fixing sheet.
- a fixing member can be used.
- each of the fixing members 7 1 and 7 2 may be configured to supply a release agent such as silicone oil or the like in order to improve releasability, or may be configured to forcibly apply pressure to each other by a panel or the like. .
- the toner transferred on the recording paper P passes between the upper fixing member 71 and the lower fixing member 72 heated to a predetermined temperature, the toner is heated to a molten state and cooled after passing through. The toner is fixed on the recording paper P.
- a fixing device of any type such as the one used here, a heat roller fixing, a flash fixing, an oven fixing, and a pressure fixing can be provided. .
- an image is recorded as follows. That is, first, the surface (photosensitive surface) of the photoconductor 31 is charged to a predetermined potential (for example, 160 V) by the charging device 32. At this time, the battery may be charged by a DC voltage, or may be charged by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage. Subsequently, the charged photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 31 is exposed by an exposure device 33 in accordance with an image to be recorded to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface. Then, the developing device 34 develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive surface of the photoconductor 31.
- a predetermined potential for example, 160 V
- the battery may be charged by a DC voltage, or may be charged by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage.
- the charged photosensitive surface of the photoreceptor 31 is exposed by an exposure device 33 in accordance with an image to be recorded to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive surface. Then, the developing device 34 develops the electrostatic latent image formed
- the developing device 34 thins the toner T supplied by the supply roller 43 by the regulating member (image blade) 45 and has a predetermined polarity (here, the same polarity as the charging potential of the photoconductor 31). And is transported while being carried on the developing roller 44 and brought into contact with the surface of the photoreceptor 31.
- the final image is obtained by passing the toner image through the fixing device 37 and thermally fixing the toner image onto the recording paper P.
- the image forming apparatus may have a configuration capable of performing, for example, a charge removal step in addition to the above-described configuration.
- the static elimination step is a step in which the electrophotographic photoreceptor is exposed by exposing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a fluorescent lamp, an LED, or the like is used as the static eliminator.
- the light used in the neutralization step is often light having an exposure energy of three times or more that of the exposure light.
- the image forming apparatus may be further modified and configured.
- the image forming apparatus may be configured to perform a process such as a pre-exposure step, an auxiliary charging step, or may be configured to perform offset printing.
- a full-color tandem type configuration using a plurality of types of toners may be used.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor 31 is connected to one or more of a charging device 32, an exposing device 33, a developing device 34, a transfer device 35, a cleaning device 36, and a fixing device 37.
- a charging device 32 an exposing device 33, a developing device 34, a transfer device 35, a cleaning device 36, and a fixing device 37.
- this electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge is used for electrophotographic apparatus bodies such as copiers and laser beam printers. It may be configured to be detachable. In this case, for example, when the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and other members are deteriorated, the electrophotographic photosensitive member power cartridge is removed from the image forming apparatus main body, and another new electrophotographic photosensitive member power cartridge is attached to the image forming apparatus main body. This facilitates maintenance and management of the image forming apparatus. Examples>
- Example 1 Example 1
- a brush made of nylon material with abrasive grains (“Sangrit J” manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation) with a length of 25 mm, use an A3003 A3003 with an outer diameter of O3 OmmX length 346 mmX thickness 1.Omm.
- the roughened tube was washed. First, it was immersed for 5 minutes in a 60 ° C solution in which 4% by weight of a degreaser “NG-30” manufactured by Kizai Co., Ltd. was dissolved. After being immersed to remove the degreasing agent, it was immersed in pure water at 82 ° C for 10 seconds, pulled up at a rate of 1 Omm / second, and dried with hot water. Finally, final drying was performed in a clean open at 150 ° C for 10 minutes, and the product was allowed to cool to room temperature. As a result, curved, discontinuous, oblique lattice-shaped grooves were formed on the surface of the substrate as shown in FIG.
- Y-type oxytitanium phthalocyanine (10 parts), polybutyral (trade name: # 6000—C, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd) Then, a dispersion treatment was performed to prepare a coating solution for a charge generation layer.
- [Coating solution for charge transport layer] 56 parts by weight of a hydrazone compound shown below
- the undercoat layer, the charge generation layer, and the charge transport layer were coated and dried in the order of dip coating using the above coating liquid to form a laminated photosensitive layer.
- the thickness of the undercoat layer was formed 1. 2 5 ⁇ , electrostatic thickness of the load generating layer 0. 5 ⁇ , to become 20 zm thickness of the charge transport layer.
- a driving flange member was attached to the photoreceptor thus obtained, and the cartridge was inserted into a cartridge of a monoc laser beam printer LB P-850 manufactured by Canon Inc., an image was formed, and the image was visually evaluated.
- the brush was made of nylon material with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a grain size of # 1 000 (average particle size of 16 m) containing alumina abrasive grains ( ⁇ Sandari i '' manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation). Under the conditions of substrate rotation speed of 300 rpm, brush rotation speed of 100 rpm, contact allowance of 3 mm, pulling speed of lmm / sec, and sprinkling water amount of 1 LZ, a curved and non- An image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this substrate was used, and the image was evaluated.
- Example 4 Using the brush material used in Example 2, the substrate rotation speed was 250 rpm, the brush rotation speed was 750 rpm, the contact allowance was 6 mm, the lifting speed was 5 mm / sec, and the sprinkling water amount was 1 L / min. As shown in FIG. 3, curved, discontinuous, oblique lattice-like grooves were formed. An image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this substrate was used, and the image was evaluated. Example 4
- the brush material is a nylon material with a diameter of 0.4 mm and a grain size of # 800 (average particle size of 20 m) containing alumina abrasive grains ("Tregrid” manufactured by Toray Monofilament Co., Ltd.). Curved, discontinuous, oblique grid on the surface of the substrate as shown in Fig. 3 under the conditions of a rotation speed of 250 rpm, a brush rotation speed of 750 rpm, a contact allowance of 6 mm, a lifting speed of 8 mm / sec, and a sprinkling water amount of 1 LZ. Grooves were formed. An image was formed and image evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this substrate was used.
- the brush material was a nylon material (Asahi Kasei Corporation's “Sandarit”) with a diameter of 0.3 mm and a particle size of # 500 (average particle size of 34 m) containing alumina abrasive grains.
- the number 250 r pm s brush rotation speed 750 rpm, against margin 6 mm, pulling up speed of 5 mm / sec, as a condition of sprinkling water 1 L / min, 3 on the substrate surface shows a Suyo, curves and discontinuous, Oblique grid-like grooves were formed.
- An image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this substrate was used, and the image was evaluated.
- the brush material is a nylon material (Dupont “Tynex A”) containing alumina abrasive grains with a diameter of 0.45 mm and a grain size of # 500 (average grain size: 34; / m).
- the substrate rotation speed was 250 rpm s
- the brush rotation speed was 750 rpm
- the contact allowance was 6 mm
- the lifting speed was 10 mm / sec
- the sprinkling water amount was 1 L / min.
- curved, discontinuous, oblique lattice-like grooves were formed.
- An image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this substrate was used, and the image was evaluated.
- the brush was made of nylon material (Dyne Pontex “Tynex A”) with diameter of 0.55 mm and a grain size of # 320 (average particle size of 48 ⁇ m) containing alumina abrasive grains. As shown in Fig. 3, the surface of the substrate was curved, discontinuous, and diagonal as shown in Fig. A lattice-shaped groove was formed. An image was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this substrate was used, and the image was evaluated. Comparative Example 1
- Example 2 The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed using the ironed pipe as it was without performing the surface roughening treatment. Comparative Example 2
- A3003 material drawn pipe is cut using a single crystal diamond tool, and a mirror-cut cutting pipe with arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.03 ⁇ m and maximum height R-y- of 0.2 m is used. Then, the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. Comparative Example 3
- Example A3003 material drawn pipe was cut using a polycrystalline diamond tool, and a mirror-shaped cutting pipe with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.007111 and a maximum height Ry of 0.6 ⁇ was used. The same evaluation as in 1 was performed. Comparative Example 4
- A3003 material drawn pipe is cut using a polycrystalline diamond tool, and a mirror-cut cutting pipe with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.14 im and a maximum height Ry of 1. ⁇ , And the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. Comparative Example 5
- A3003 drawn pipe was cut using a polycrystalline diamond tool, and a mirror cut pipe with an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.15 m and a maximum height Ry of 1.4 m was used. The same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. Evaluation method
- the evaluation of the substrate for an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention was performed by visually observing an image formed by the electrophotographic photosensitive member using the substrate.
- the image evaluation is the evaluation result of interference fringes, black spots, and black streaks (mainly cutting streaks) appearing in the half-tone image.
- ⁇ is good
- ⁇ ⁇ is a slight defect
- ⁇ is a defect
- X means the occurrence of a fatal defect.
- the numerical values are the average values of measurements at five locations.
- the minimum value and the maximum value were determined from a surface photograph (magnification 400 times) taken and observed with an optical microscope.
- Table 1 summarizes the evaluation results of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- Comparative Example 1 the ironed pipe was used as it was, and the surface state was almost mirror-finished, with some grooves generated by ironing. Thus, R a and R z are small, but R ku is large.
- Comparative Example 2 a mirror surface was created by cutting, but Rku was a value of about 2 to 3 due to the slightly generated serrated surface shape. In each case, strong interference fringes are generated because the substrate surface is a mirror surface.
- Comparative Examples 3 to 5 are examples in which the surface was roughened by cutting. However, when the surface became rougher than the conditions shown in Comparative Example 4 (Comparative Example 5), cutting streaks appeared in the image and became smoother (Comparative Example 3). Good image was not obtained.
- Rku was a value of about 2 to 3, which was different from the surface state obtained by the present invention.
- the present invention can be implemented in any field requiring an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and is suitable for use in, for example, a copying machine, a printer, a printing machine, and the like.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/218,640 US7358018B2 (en) | 2003-03-04 | 2005-09-06 | Substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor, process for producing the substrate, and electrophotographic photoreceptor employing the substrate |
US12/024,141 US7601476B2 (en) | 2003-03-04 | 2008-02-01 | Substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor, process for producing the substrate, and electrophotographic photoreceptor employing the substrate |
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US20100158561A1 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2010-06-24 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Electrophotographic photosensitive body, method for producing conductive base, image forming device, and electrophotographic cartridge |
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KR20110124372A (ko) * | 2004-04-05 | 2011-11-16 | 미쓰비시 마테리알 가부시키가이샤 | Al/AlN 접합체, 전력 모듈용 기판 및 전력 모듈, 그리고 Al/AlN 접합체의 제조 방법 |
WO2006054397A1 (ja) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-26 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | 下引き層形成用塗布液及び該塗布液を塗布してなる下引き層を有する電子写真感光体 |
US20090029631A1 (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2009-01-29 | General Electric | Mitigation of stress corrosion and fatigue by surface conditioning |
US8420283B2 (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2013-04-16 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Coating liquid for forming undercoat layer, method for preparing coating liquid for forming undercoat layer, electrophotographic photoreceptor, image-forming apparatus, and electrophotographic cartridge |
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JP5239488B2 (ja) * | 2008-05-07 | 2013-07-17 | コニカミノルタビジネステクノロジーズ株式会社 | 有機感光体、画像形成方法、画像形成装置および画像形成ユニット |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7358018B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 |
US20080187858A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
CN1781059A (zh) | 2006-05-31 |
US20060062592A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
US7601476B2 (en) | 2009-10-13 |
CN100442146C (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
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