WO2004058465A1 - Combination material and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Combination material and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004058465A1
WO2004058465A1 PCT/DE2003/004074 DE0304074W WO2004058465A1 WO 2004058465 A1 WO2004058465 A1 WO 2004058465A1 DE 0304074 W DE0304074 W DE 0304074W WO 2004058465 A1 WO2004058465 A1 WO 2004058465A1
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Prior art keywords
material according
meltable
particles
binders
resins
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PCT/DE2003/004074
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Bauch
Detlef Krug
Margot Scheithauer
Michael Hofmann
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IHD Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH
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Priority to AU2003294646A priority Critical patent/AU2003294646A1/en
Priority to EP03785554A priority patent/EP1575744B1/en
Publication of WO2004058465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004058465A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combination material and a method for its production.
  • the invention relates to a material containing wood fibers or wood chips or both.
  • Wood-based materials such as chipboard, boards with oriented long chips (OSB), high-density fiberboard (HDF) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) are currently made from relatively high-quality wood with the addition of binders adapted to the intended use. Special additives can give the materials properties such as reduced water absorption and thus reduced thickness swelling, flame retardancy and / or conditional resistance to biological damage.
  • OSB chipboard
  • HDF high-density fiberboard
  • MDF medium-density fiberboard
  • Binder formulations based on urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF), melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MUPF), phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) or polymeric diisocyanates (PMDI) are used for industrial wood-based panel production , Up to 1.5% hydrophobicizing agents (eg paraffin) are added to improve water repellency.
  • the solids content of the binders for UF, MUF, MUPF or PF resins is 5 to 20%, for PMDI adhesives about 2 to 6%, each based on dry wood particle mass / Deppe, Ernst 1996: MDF - medium density fibreboard , DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden-Echterdingen; Deppe, Ernst 2000: Paperback of chipboard technology, 4th edition, DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden-Echterdingen /.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a combination material which has improved properties compared to known wood-based materials, wherein at the same time conventional binders are to be replaced by less expensive ones.
  • the use of polyolefin plastics should lead to an improvement in the moisture resistance of the wood-based material.
  • a combination material which is produced from a mixture of non-meltable fibrous and / or chip-shaped particles and meltable thermoplastic plastic particles and / or thermosetting plastic particles in a pre-hardened state under the action of heat and pressure and which is thermally crosslinking for reinforcement Contains binders based on amino and / or phenolic resins.
  • Lignocellulose-containing fibers can be used as infusible particles.
  • wood fibers or wood chips and / or carbon or glass fibers can be used as the non-meltable particles.
  • inorganic fibers such as mineral fibers and / or metal threads can be used as infusible particles.
  • the meltable thermoplastic plastic particles can consist of powdery or granular polyolefins.
  • the polyolefins are preferably polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic and methacrylic polymers, ABS or equivalent copolymers.
  • the pulverulent or granular polyolefins are comminuted recycling material, the comminuted recycling material expediently having a degree of purity of at least 90%.
  • the meltable thermosetting plastic particles preferably consist of thermosetting powdery or granular resins such as acrylates, epoxy resins, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes or of mixtures of these resins.
  • the binders used for reinforcement are expediently products based on urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin or mixed condensates of these resins or mixtures of these binders.
  • the mass fraction of the thermosetting binders used for reinforcement should be 4 to 15%.
  • the mass fraction of the non-meltable particles should be 40 to 80%.
  • the combination material according to the invention has improved properties. The reduced hygroscopy of the materials according to the invention which contain wood fibers or wood chips is of particular importance.
  • a method for producing the combination material according to the invention in which the non-meltable fibrous and / or chip-shaped particles are dried, mixed with the thermally crosslinking binders used for reinforcement and the meltable thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic particles and no are then heated and compressed in a press, the pressing temperature being above the softening temperature of the thermoplastic plastic particles and above the melting and reaction temperature of the thermosetting binders, and the pressing time being at least as long as the crosslinking time of the binders.
  • the polyolefins are expediently comminuted into granules, powders, flakes, chips or agglomerates before they are mixed in.
  • the top layer shavings made of pine wood are glued with an urea-formaldehyde resin with a solid resin content of 4% by mass and an addition of 1% by mass of paraffin dispersion (proportions based on dry wood shavings).
  • This is followed by homogeneous mixing of the glued chips with powdered polyolefins (recycling material) with a share of 150% by mass, based on dry wood chips.
  • the chip mats which have a very good cold tack, become 4 mm with press time factors of 15 s / mm and press temperatures of 240 ° C thick, single-layer chipboard pressed.
  • plates without the addition of polyolefin were also produced.

Abstract

The invention relates to a combination material which is produced from a mixture of non-melting fibrous and/or chip-shaped particles and meltable thermoplastic particles and/or duroplastic particles in a prehardened condition by applying heat and pressure. The inventive combination material contains thermally crosslinking binders based on aminoplast resins and/or phenolic resins.

Description

Kombinationswerkstoff sowie Verfahren zu seiner HerstellungCombination material and process for its production
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kombinationswerkstoff sowie ein Verfahren zu des- sen Herstellung. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung einen Werkstoff, der Holzfasern oder Holzspäne oder beides enthält.The invention relates to a combination material and a method for its production. In particular, the invention relates to a material containing wood fibers or wood chips or both.
Holzwerkstoffe wie Spanplatten, Platten mit orientierten Langspänen (OSB), Hochdichte Faserplatten (HDF) und Mitteldichte Faserplatten (MDF) werden gegenwärtig aus relativ hochwertigen Holzsortimenten unter Zugabe von dem späteren Verwendungszweck angepassten Bindemitteln üblicherweise im Trok- kenverfahren hergestellt. Durch spezielle Zusätze können den Werkstoffen Eigenschaften, wie reduzierte Wasseraufnahme und dadurch verminderte Dik- kenquellung, Schwerentflammbarkeit und/oder bedingte Resistenz gegenüber biologischen Schädigungen verliehen werden. Für die industrielle Holzwerkstoffherstellung werden Bindemittelrezepturen auf der Basis von Harnstoff- Formaldehydharz (UF), Melamin-Hamstoff-Formaldehydharz (MUF), Melamin- Harnstoff-Phenol-Formaldehydharz (MUPF), Phenol-Formaldehydharz (PF) oder polymeren Diisocyanaten (PMDI) eingesetzt. Zur Verbesserung der Was- serabweisung werden bis zu 1 ,5 % Hydrophobierungsmittel (z. B. Paraffin) zugesetzt. Der Feststoffanteil der Bindemittel beträgt bei den UF-, MUF-, MUPF- oder PF-Harzen 5 bis 20 %, bei den PMDI-Klebstoffen etwa 2 bis 6 %, jeweils bezogen auf atro Holzpartikelmasse /Deppe, Ernst 1996: MDF - Mitteldichte Faserplatten, DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden- Echterdingen; Deppe, Ernst 2000: Taschenbuch der Spanplattentechnik, 4. Auflage, DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden-Echterdingen/.Wood-based materials such as chipboard, boards with oriented long chips (OSB), high-density fiberboard (HDF) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) are currently made from relatively high-quality wood with the addition of binders adapted to the intended use. Special additives can give the materials properties such as reduced water absorption and thus reduced thickness swelling, flame retardancy and / or conditional resistance to biological damage. Binder formulations based on urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF), melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde resin (MUPF), phenol-formaldehyde resin (PF) or polymeric diisocyanates (PMDI) are used for industrial wood-based panel production , Up to 1.5% hydrophobicizing agents (eg paraffin) are added to improve water repellency. The solids content of the binders for UF, MUF, MUPF or PF resins is 5 to 20%, for PMDI adhesives about 2 to 6%, each based on dry wood particle mass / Deppe, Ernst 1996: MDF - medium density fibreboard , DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden-Echterdingen; Deppe, Ernst 2000: Paperback of chipboard technology, 4th edition, DRW-Verlag Weinbrenner GmbH & Co., Leinfelden-Echterdingen /.
In jüngster Zeit wurden auch Lösungen erarbeitet, um in Werkstoffen auf der Basis von Fasern oder Partikeln die üblicher weise eingesetzten Harze durch Lackkoagulate oder Pulverlackabfälle zu ersetzen, beispielsweise für Dämmmatten oder Türverkleidungselemente im Automobil (DE 3936974 C1), Faservlies-Formteile (DE 4441765 A1) oder Holzpartikelwerkstoffe (DE 10129750 A1). Der Nachteil dieser Lösungen besteht darin, dass für die Herstellung der Werkstoffe wegen der zur Vernetzung der Substitute erforderlichen Wärmeenergie höhere Presstemperaturen und/oder unwirtschaftlich lange Presszeiten erforderlich sind.In recent times, solutions have also been developed to replace the commonly used resins in materials based on fibers or particles with paint coagulates or powder paint waste, for example for Insulating mats or door trim elements in automobiles (DE 3936974 C1), nonwoven molded parts (DE 4441765 A1) or wood particle materials (DE 10129750 A1). The disadvantage of these solutions is that higher press temperatures and / or uneconomically long press times are required for the production of the materials because of the thermal energy required to crosslink the substitutes.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kombinationswerkstoff anzugeben, der verbesserte Eigenschaften gegenüber bekannten Holzwerkstoffen aufweist, wobei gleichzeitig eine Substitution herkömmlicher Bindemittel durch kostengünstigere erfolgen soll. Insbesondere soll der Einsatz von polyolefinen Kunststoffen zu einer Verbesserung der Feuchtebeständigkeit des Holzwerkstoffs führen.The invention is based on the object of specifying a combination material which has improved properties compared to known wood-based materials, wherein at the same time conventional binders are to be replaced by less expensive ones. In particular, the use of polyolefin plastics should lead to an improvement in the moisture resistance of the wood-based material.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 und 13 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Patentansprüchen 2 bis 12 sowie 14.This object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 13. Expedient configurations result from patent claims 2 to 12 and 14.
Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung ist ein Kombinationswerkstoff vorgesehen, der aus einer Mischung von nicht schmelzbaren faserförmigen und/oder spanförmi- gen Partikeln und schmelzbaren thermoplastischen Kunststoffpartikeln und/oder duroplastischen Kunststoffpartikeln in einem vorausgehärteten Zustand unter Einwirkung von Wärme und Druck hergestellt ist und zur Verstärkung thermisch vernetzende Bindemittel auf der Basis von Amino- und/oder Phenoplastharzen enthält.According to the invention, a combination material is provided which is produced from a mixture of non-meltable fibrous and / or chip-shaped particles and meltable thermoplastic plastic particles and / or thermosetting plastic particles in a pre-hardened state under the action of heat and pressure and which is thermally crosslinking for reinforcement Contains binders based on amino and / or phenolic resins.
Als nicht schmelzbare Partikel können lignocellulosehaltige Fasern eingesetzt werden. Alternativ können als nicht schmelzbare Partikel Holzfasern oder Holzspäne und/oder Kohlenstoff- oder Glasfasern eingesetzt werden. Darüber hin- aus können als nicht schmelzbare Partikel anorganische Fasern wie Mineralfasern und/oder Metallfäden eingesetzt werden.Lignocellulose-containing fibers can be used as infusible particles. Alternatively, wood fibers or wood chips and / or carbon or glass fibers can be used as the non-meltable particles. In addition inorganic fibers such as mineral fibers and / or metal threads can be used as infusible particles.
Die schmelzbaren thermoplastischen Kunststoffpartikel können aus pulverför- migen oder körnigen Polyolefinen bestehen. Die Polyolefine sind vorzugsweise Polyethylen, Polyethylentherephthalat, Polypropylen, Polystyrol, Polyamide, Polycarbonate, Polyvinylchlorid, Acryl- und Methacrylpolymerisate, ABS oder äquivalente Copolymerisate.The meltable thermoplastic plastic particles can consist of powdery or granular polyolefins. The polyolefins are preferably polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic and methacrylic polymers, ABS or equivalent copolymers.
Die pulverförmigen oder körnigen Polyolefine sind in einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform zerkleinertes Recyclingmaterial, wobei das zerkleinerte Recyclingmaterial zweckmäßigerweise einen Reinheitsgrad von mindestens 90 % aufweist.In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pulverulent or granular polyolefins are comminuted recycling material, the comminuted recycling material expediently having a degree of purity of at least 90%.
Die schmelzbaren duroplastischen Kunststoffpartikel bestehen bevorzugt aus thermisch aushärtenden pulverförmigen oder körnigen Harzen wie Acrylaten, Epoxidharzen, gesättigten Polyestern und Polyurethanen oder aus Mischungen dieser Harze.The meltable thermosetting plastic particles preferably consist of thermosetting powdery or granular resins such as acrylates, epoxy resins, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes or of mixtures of these resins.
Die zur Verstärkung eingesetzten Bindemittel sind zweckmäßigerweise Produkte auf Basis von Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harz, Melamin-Formaldehyd-Harz, Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz oder Mischkondensate dieser Harze oder Mischungen dieser Bindemittel.The binders used for reinforcement are expediently products based on urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin or mixed condensates of these resins or mixtures of these binders.
Der Masseanteil der zur Verstärkung eingesetzten duroplastischen Bindemittel sollte 4 bis 15 % betragen. Der Masseanteil der nicht schmelzbaren Partikel sollte 40 bis 80 % betragen. Der erfindungsgemäße Kombinationswerkstoff weist verbesserte Eigenschaften auf. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die verringerte Hygroskopie der erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffe, die Holzfasern oder Holzspäne enthalten.The mass fraction of the thermosetting binders used for reinforcement should be 4 to 15%. The mass fraction of the non-meltable particles should be 40 to 80%. The combination material according to the invention has improved properties. The reduced hygroscopy of the materials according to the invention which contain wood fibers or wood chips is of particular importance.
Nach Maßgabe der Erfindung ist darüber hinaus ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kombinationswerkstoffes vorgesehen, bei dem die nicht schmelzbaren faserförmigen und/oder spanförmigen Partikel getrocknet, mit den zur Verstärkung eingesetzten thermisch vernetzenden Bindemitteln und den schmelzbaren thermoplastischen und/oder duroplastischen Kunststoffparti- kein gemischt und anschließend in einer Presse erwärmt und verdichtet werden, wobei die Presstemperatur oberhalb der Erweichungstemperatur der thermoplastischen Kunststoffpartikel und oberhalb der Schmelz- und Reaktionstemperatur der thermohärtenden Bindemittel liegt und die Pressdauer mindestens so lang wie die Vernetzungsdauer der Bindemittel ist.According to the invention, a method for producing the combination material according to the invention is also provided, in which the non-meltable fibrous and / or chip-shaped particles are dried, mixed with the thermally crosslinking binders used for reinforcement and the meltable thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic particles and no are then heated and compressed in a press, the pressing temperature being above the softening temperature of the thermoplastic plastic particles and above the melting and reaction temperature of the thermosetting binders, and the pressing time being at least as long as the crosslinking time of the binders.
Zweckmäßigerweise werden die Polyolefine vor dem Einmischen zu Körnungen, Pulvern, Flakes, Schnipseln oder Agglomeraten zerkleinert.The polyolefins are expediently comminuted into granules, powders, flakes, chips or agglomerates before they are mixed in.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfol- genden Beispielen.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following examples.
Ausführungsbeispieleembodiments
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von 2 Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of two exemplary embodiments.
Beispiel 1example 1
Ein unter industrieüblichen Kochereinstellungen (Temperatur 175 °C, Verweil- zeit 4 min) hergestellter Kiefernholzfaserstoff für MDF in Tieffräsqualität wird mit Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harz mit einem Festharzanteil von 4 Masse-% sowie einem Zusatz von 1 Masse-% Paraffindispersion (Anteile jeweils bezogen auf atro Holzfasern) beleimt. Im Anschluss erfolgt eine homogene Vermischung der beleimten Holzfasern mit pulverförmigen Polyolefinen (Recyclingmaterial) mit einem Anteil von 150 Masse-%, bezogen auf atro Holzfasern. Nach der Trocknung in bekannter Weise folgen die Faservliesbildung, das Vorverdichten und das Verpressen mit Presszeitfaktoren von 15 s/mm sowie Presstemperaturen von 240 °C zu 4 mm dickem, einschichtigem MDF. Vergleichend wurden auch Platten ohne Recyclingmaterial hergestellt. Nach Klimatisierung im Normalklima 20 °C und 65 % relative Luftfeuchte wurden die folgenden, wesentlichen Materialkennwerte ermittelt:A pinewood fiber material for MDF made in deep milling quality and manufactured under industry standard stove settings (temperature 175 ° C, residence time 4 min) Urea-formaldehyde resin with a solid resin content of 4% by mass and an addition of 1% by mass of paraffin dispersion (proportions based on dry wood fibers). This is followed by homogeneous mixing of the glued wood fibers with powdered polyolefins (recycling material) with a share of 150% by mass, based on dry wood fibers. After drying in a known manner, the formation of nonwovens, pre-compression and pressing with pressing time factors of 15 s / mm and pressing temperatures of 240 ° C. to 4 mm thick, single-layer MDF follow. For comparison, panels without recycling material were also produced. After air conditioning in a normal climate of 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity, the following essential material parameters were determined:
mit 150 % ohne Recycling¬with 150% without recycling
Recyclingmaterial materialRecycled material
Rohdichte kg/m3 DIN EN 323 714 773Gross density kg / m 3 DIN EN 323 714 773
Querzugfestigkeit N/mm2 DIN EN 319 0,84 0,44Cross tensile strength N / mm 2 DIN EN 319 0.84 0.44
Dickenquellung nach DIN EN 317 6,3 37,1 24 h Wasserlagerung %Thickness swelling according to DIN EN 317 6.3 37.1 24 h water storage%
Feuchtegehalt % DIN EN 322 3,9 7,9Moisture content% DIN EN 322 3.9 7.9
Beispiel 2Example 2
Industrieanalog hergestellte Deckschichtspäne aus Kiefernholz werden nach Trocknung auf Feuchtegehalte von etwa 2 % mit Harnstoff-Formaldehyd-Harz mit einem Festharzanteil von 4 Masse-% sowie einem Zusatz von 1 Masse-% Paraffindispersion (Anteile jeweils bezogen auf atro Holzspäne) beleimt. Danach erfolgt eine homogene Vermischung der beleimten Späne mit pulverförmigen Polyolefinen (Recyclingmaterial) mit einem Anteil von 150 Masse-%, bezogen auf atro Holzspäne. Im Anschluss an die Vliesbildung und Vorverdichtung werden die Spanmatten, die eine sehr gute Kaltklebrigkeit aufweisen, mit Presszeitfaktoren von 15 s/mm sowie Presstemperaturen von 240 °C zu 4 mm dicken, einschichtigen Feinspanplatten verpresst. Zum Vergleich wurden auch Platten ohne Polyolefin-Zusatz hergestellt. Nach Klimatisierung im Normalklima 20 °C und 65 % relative Luftfeuchte wurden die folgenden, wesentlichen Materialkennwerte ermittelt:After drying to a moisture content of around 2%, the top layer shavings made of pine wood are glued with an urea-formaldehyde resin with a solid resin content of 4% by mass and an addition of 1% by mass of paraffin dispersion (proportions based on dry wood shavings). This is followed by homogeneous mixing of the glued chips with powdered polyolefins (recycling material) with a share of 150% by mass, based on dry wood chips. Following the formation of the fleece and pre-compression, the chip mats, which have a very good cold tack, become 4 mm with press time factors of 15 s / mm and press temperatures of 240 ° C thick, single-layer chipboard pressed. For comparison, plates without the addition of polyolefin were also produced. After air conditioning in a normal climate of 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity, the following essential material parameters were determined:
mit 150 % ohne Recycling¬with 150% without recycling
Recyclingmaterial materialRecycled material
Rohdichte kg/m3 DIN EN 323 680 676Density kg / m 3 DIN EN 323 680 676
Querzugfestigkeit N/mm2 DIN EN 319 1 ,11 0,38Cross tensile strength N / mm 2 DIN EN 319 1, 11 0.38
Dickenquellung nach DIN EN 317 5,7 52,1 24 h Wasserlagerung %Thickness swelling according to DIN EN 317 5.7 52.1 24 h water storage%
Feuchtegehalt % DIN EN 322 3,7 9,2 Moisture content% DIN EN 322 3.7 9.2

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kombinationswerkstoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Werkstoff aus einer Mischung von nicht schmelzbaren faserförmigen und/oder spanförmi- gen Partikeln und schmelzbaren thermoplastischen Kunststoffpartikeln und/oder duroplastischen Kunststoffpartikeln in einem vorausgehärteten Zustand unter Einwirkung von Wärme und Druck hergestellt ist und zur Verstärkung thermisch vernetzende Bindemittel auf der Basis von Amino- und/oder Phenoplastharzen enthält.1. Combination material, characterized in that the material is made from a mixture of non-meltable fibrous and / or chip-shaped particles and meltable thermoplastic plastic particles and / or thermosetting plastic particles in a pre-hardened state under the action of heat and pressure and thermally crosslinking for reinforcement Contains binders based on amino and / or phenolic resins.
2. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nicht schmelzbare Partikel lignocellulosehaltige Fasern eingesetzt sind.2. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that lignocellulose-containing fibers are used as the non-meltable particles.
3. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nicht schmelzbare Partikel Holzfasern oder Holzspäne und/oder Kohlenstoffoder Glasfasern eingesetzt sind.3. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that wood fibers or wood chips and / or carbon or glass fibers are used as the non-meltable particles.
4. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als nicht schmelzbare Partikel anorganische Fasern wie Mineralfasern und/oder Metallfäden eingesetzt sind.4. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that inorganic fibers such as mineral fibers and / or metal threads are used as infusible particles.
5. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schmelzba- ren thermoplastischen Kunststoffpartikel aus pulverförmigen oder körnigen5. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the meltable thermoplastic plastic particles made of powdery or granular
Polyolefinen bestehen.Polyolefins exist.
6. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die eingesetzten Polyolefine Polyethylen, Polyethylentherephthalat, Polypropylen, Po- lystyrol, Polyamide, Polycarbonate, Polyvinylchlorid, Acryl- und Meth- acrylpolymerisate, ABS oder äquivalente Copolymerisate sind.6. Material according to claim 5, characterized in that the polyolefins used are polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, poly- lystyrene, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyvinyl chloride, acrylic and methacrylic polymers, ABS or equivalent copolymers.
7. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die pulverförmi- gen oder körnigen Polyolefine zerkleinertes Recyclingmaterial sind.7. Material according to claim 6, characterized in that the pulverulent or granular polyolefins are comminuted recycling material.
8. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zerkleinerte Recyclingmaterial einen Reinheitsgrad von mindestens 90 % hat.8. Material according to claim 7, characterized in that the shredded recycling material has a degree of purity of at least 90%.
9. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die schmelzbaren duroplastischen Kunststoffpartikel aus thermisch aushärtenden pulverförmigen oder körnigen Harzen wie Acrylate, Epoxidharzen, gesättigten Polyestern und Polyurethanen oder aus Mischungen dieser Harze bestehen.9. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the meltable thermosetting plastic particles consist of thermosetting powdery or granular resins such as acrylates, epoxy resins, saturated polyesters and polyurethanes or mixtures of these resins.
10. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zur Verstärkung eingesetzten Bindemittel Produkte auf Basis von Hamstoff-Form- aldehyd-Harz, Melamin-Formaldehyd-Harz, Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harz oder Mischkondensate dieser Harze oder Mischungen dieser Bindemittel sind.10. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the binders used for reinforcement are products based on urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin or mixed condensates of these resins or mixtures of these binders.
11. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Masseanteil der zur Verstärkung eingesetzten duroplastischen Bindemittel 4 bis 15 % beträgt.11. Material according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of the thermosetting binder used for reinforcement is 4 to 15%.
12. Werkstoff nach Anspruch 1 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Masseanteil der nicht schmelzbaren Partikel 40 bis 80 % beträgt.12. Material according to claim 1 to 11, characterized in that the mass fraction of the non-meltable particles is 40 to 80%.
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung des Werkstoffs nach Anspruch 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die nicht schmelzbaren faserförmigen und/oder spanförmigen Partikel getrocknet, mit den zur Verstärkung eingesetzten thermisch vernetzenden Bindemitteln und den schmelzbaren thermoplastischen und/oder duroplastischen Kunststoffpartikeln gemischt und anschließend in einer Presse erwärmt und verdichtet werden, wobei die Presstemperatur oberhalb der Erweichungstemperatur der thermoplastischen Kunst- Stoffpartikel und oberhalb der Schmelz- und Reaktionstemperatur der ther- mohärtenden Bindemittel liegt und die Pressdauer mindestens so lang wie die Vernetzungsdauer der Bindemittel ist.13. A method for producing the material according to claim 1 to 12, characterized in that the non-meltable fibrous and / or chip-shaped particles dried, with those used for reinforcement thermally crosslinking binders and the meltable thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic particles are mixed and then heated and compressed in a press, the pressing temperature being above the softening temperature of the thermoplastic plastic particles and above the melting and reaction temperature of the thermosetting binder and the pressing time is at least as long as the crosslinking time of the binders.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polyolefi- ne vor dem Einmischen zu Körnungen, Pulver, Flakes, Schnipsel oder Ag- glomeraten zerkleinert werden. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the polyolefins are comminuted into granules, powders, flakes, chips or agglomerates before they are mixed in.
PCT/DE2003/004074 2002-12-23 2003-12-10 Combination material and method for the production thereof WO2004058465A1 (en)

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EP1575744B1 (en) 2012-06-20

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