A SWITCHING CIRCUIT FOR CONTROLLING ELECTRICAL POWER
[001] The present invention relates to a switching circuit for controlling the supply of electrical power from an AC voltage supply to a load.
[002] A known switching circuit comprises a simple switch having an input terminal connected to a live side of an AC power supply with an output terminal connected to a load, the load being further connected to neutral. The load can, for example only, take the form of a light switch or other switch of an electrical appliance. The simple switch can be a simple mechanical switch in which an arm makes an electrical connection between the input and output terminals (the ON state) or does not make such an electrical connection (the OFF state) .
[003] One of the problems of such a switching circuit is that there is no supply of current at the output terminal of the simple switch in the OFF state so that there is no electrical power available for use in the circuit beyond the simple switch, for example by a further control system. If power is required, it is necessary to provide additional wiring.
[004] A further problem arises in a two way switching circuit. Figure 1 illustrates a known two way light switching circuit. In this case, a first two way switch 1 has an input terminal 2 connected to a live side L of an AC power supply. This switch has a first output terminal 3A connected to a line 4 and a second output terminal 3B connected to a line 5. By operation of a blade 1A of the switch 1, either terminal 3A and hence line 4 or terminal 3B and hence line 5 can be connected to the live side.
[005] A second two way switch 6 has an output terminal 8 connected to a line 9. This switch has a first input
terminal 7A connected to the line 4 and a second input terminal 7B connected to the line 5. By operation of a blade 6A of the switch 6, either terminal 7A and hence line 4 or terminal 7B and hence line 5 can be connected to line 9. [006] One terminal of a lamp 10 is connected to line 9 whilst the other terminal of lamp 10 is connected to a neutral side N of the AC power supply.
[007] As is known in the art, by virtue of movement of the blades 1A and 6A of either switches 1 or 6 it is possible to selectively complete or break an electrical circuit from the live side to the neutral side through the lamp 10.
[008] Although this circuit is adequate for simple control via two conventional switches, it has a problem in that providing further switches or controls for the supply of power to the lamp can not be easily achieved without the use of additional wiring. For example, enabling computer controlled operation of the lamp is difficult to achieve. This is because control at each switch in the switching circuit is dependent upon the state of the other switches. For example, if a light was to be set by automated computer control to be ON at a certain time every day, the computer could not easily determine the status of the other switch or switches in the switching circuit. Subsequently due to the status of the other switches, the computer control may actually turn the light OFF or fail to operate at all. Moreover, to provide such automated computer control requires electrical power and as mentioned above, when the switching circuit is in the OFF state, there is no electrical power on line 9 so that an additional power supply must be provided or additional wiring employed.
[009] It is an object of the present invention to provide a switching circuit whereby the ON/OFF state of the switches can be distinguished whilst maintaining a supply of power on
the output side of the circuit.
[0010] According to the present invention there is provided a switching circuit for controlling the supply of electrical power from an AC power supply to a load, the circuit comprising: - a first switch device having an input terminal to be connected to a live side of the AC power supply, and an output terminal, the device having an ON and OFF state; a voltage waveform changing device connected to the first switch device to provide a voltage waveform at said output which changes according to the ON/OFF state of the first switch device; a second switch device connectable between said output terminal and the load and having an ON/OFF state to electrically connect and disconnect the load with said output terminal; and a waveform detector circuit connected to detect the change in voltage waveform at said output terminal and providing an output for switching the state of the second switch device, the output changing according to detected changes in the voltage waveform at said output terminal.
[0011] Additional features of the present invention are described in the subsidiary claims.
[0012] Examples of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: -
[0013] Figure 1 shows a known two way switched lighting circuit;
[0014] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a switching circuit embodying the present invention with a first switch in an ON state ; and
[0015] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a switching circuit embodying the present invention with a first switch
in an OFF state;
[0016] Referring to figures 2 and 3, these show a two way light switching circuit. In this case a switch device 20 comprises a single switch which has an input terminal 21 connected to a live side L of an AC power supply. The output terminal 22 of the switch 20 is connected to a line 23. A pair of back to back diodes 24 are connected across the terminals 21 and 22. A blade 20A can be selectively operated by hand to move from a position not providing an electrical connection between terminals 21 and 22 to a position providing an electrical connection between terminals 21 and 22. Reference numeral 25 illustrates the voltage waveform on line 23 when the blade 20A connects terminals 21 and 22 and reference numeral 26 illustrates the voltage waveform on line 23 when the blade 20A does not connect terminals 21 and 22. Although shown in exaggerated form, it can be seen at waveform 26 that there is a gap in the AC sine wave at the zero crossing point. This arises as the diodes are slow starting and introduce a minor delay at the start of each cycle. Thus, the diodes 24 are connected to the switch 20 to operate to change the voltage waveform at the output thereof according to the position of the blade 20A, in effect the ON/OFF state of switch. It should be noted though that in both positions of the blade 20A voltage and hence power is still provided on line 23.
[0017] The line 23 is connected to an input terminal of a second switching device 30 which is connected via a line 31 to a load (not shown) which is further connected to neutral. Thus, the second switch 30 is connected between the output terminal of the switch 20 and the load. In the present embodiment, the second switching device takes the form of a triac switch having a control terminal 32 for switching the triac between an ON and OFF state to control the supply of
electrical power to the load.
[0018] A line 33 is connected to line 23 and a bridge rectifier and signal conditioning circuit 34. This in effect creates a positive only 100 Hz signal which is passed to a waveform detector circuit 36. As shown at reference numeral 35 in figure 2, when the blade 20A connects terminals 21 and 22 there is zero time between the fall of one cycle in the mains and the rise of the next cycle. However, as shown at reference numeral 37 in figure 3, when the blade 20A does not connect terminals 21 and 22 there is a small delay between the fall of one cycle and the start of the next.
[0019] The waveform detector circuit 36 detects this difference and provides an output to an input of a logic circuit 38 which represents a change in the state of switch 20.
[0020] The logic circuit 38 includes another input connected to the output of a radio transmitter 39 which receives a signal from a remotely located further switch having an ON/OFF state. In a similar manner, the input to the logic circuit represents a change in the state of the further switch.
[0021] Accordingly, the circuit shown in figures 2 and 3 operates to make the triac 30 toggle between an ON and OFF state (i.e. closed and open state) every time there is a change in the input to the logic circuit 38. Thus, when the switch 20 is changed from the state in figure 2 passing normal mains to line 23 to the state in figure 3 where a delay is introduced into the mains waveform, this change in waveform is detected and manifests as a change to the input to the logic circuit 38. This change is detected and alters the state of the triac 30. Thus, the current state is changed by operation of switch 20. A similar function is achieved when a change in the state of the remote switch is
communicated to the radio transmitter which manifests as a change to the input in logic circuit 38.
[0022] It will be appreciated that such a function can be achieved from the two way switch circuit of figure 1 by connecting the two back to back diodes 24 across lines 4 and 5.
[0023] It will also be appreciated that the present invention is capable of considerable modification, the detailed embodiments of which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. For example the back to back diodes can be replaced by other components which provide a modified voltage waveform on line 23 between the two states of switch 20 shown in figures 2 and 3. By way of example, inductive components can be used. The triac 30 is one example of an electrically operated switch and other forms of switches can be used, for example a mechanical relay. [0024] Whilst a light has been described in the specific example, the load that is switched can take many forms. For example only, the switch can form a part of a domestic or industrial appliance. The present invention has been described with reference to ON and OFF states. It will be apparent that this term has been used to assist in understanding that the switches in question are changed from one state to another. [0025] The present invention provides the advantage that the circuits 34, 36 and 38 are always provided with power on line 23 so that batteries are not required or a separate power supply or additional wiring.