WO2004030560A2 - Multi-camera tracking system - Google Patents

Multi-camera tracking system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004030560A2
WO2004030560A2 PCT/DE2003/003277 DE0303277W WO2004030560A2 WO 2004030560 A2 WO2004030560 A2 WO 2004030560A2 DE 0303277 W DE0303277 W DE 0303277W WO 2004030560 A2 WO2004030560 A2 WO 2004030560A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cameras
color
marking
camera
arrangement according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2003/003277
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004030560A3 (en
Inventor
Markus Schill
Original Assignee
Vr Magic Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vr Magic Gmbh filed Critical Vr Magic Gmbh
Priority to AU2003283180A priority Critical patent/AU2003283180A1/en
Publication of WO2004030560A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004030560A2/en
Publication of WO2004030560A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004030560A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/30Devices for illuminating a surgical field, the devices having an interrelation with other surgical devices or with a surgical procedure
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/90Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags
    • A61B90/92Identification means for patients or instruments, e.g. tags coded with colour
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2055Optical tracking systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3937Visible markers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3937Visible markers
    • A61B2090/3945Active visible markers, e.g. light emitting diodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/397Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave
    • A61B2090/3975Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave active
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/397Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave
    • A61B2090/3975Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave active
    • A61B2090/3979Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers electromagnetic other than visible, e.g. microwave active infrared
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3983Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to what is claimed in the preamble.
  • the present invention is concerned with a camera-based position determination arrangement.
  • Camera-based positioning arrangement 'e' ' are known. They are used, for example, to be able to determine the position of the instruments used for the procedure during medical operations and, based on this determination, to control it, for example, with the aid of a computer.
  • a marking is typically made on the respective instrument, by means of which the position of the instruments can be determined.
  • the marking can have a strong backscatter or strong back reflections, for example in the infrared; Neither is distinguished for purposes of the present invention unless otherwise stated.
  • the use of IR markings is preferred because this results in particularly strong signals, which therefore enable a precise location, which is at most little impaired by noise in the image.
  • Another possibility in the prior art is to design the markings differently in their shape and / or to provide markings in the form of a number and thus to make them distinguishable.
  • the problem here is that a comparatively high effort is required for pattern recognition, in particular because the object can lie at an angle in the room.
  • DE 196 39 615 C2 describes a reflector reference system for surgical or medical instruments and treatment apparatuses with at least two cameras and a computer unit connected to the cameras with a graphic screen output, a radiation source for infrared radiation and a group of reflectors with at least two reflectors, for this infrared radiation, is provided and the reflectors are attached to the instruments or treatment apparatus in an arrangement which is characteristic only for this group of reflectors.
  • DE 198 48 765 C2 describes a method for positioning einblendbarer position marks or structures in 'a Video camera image of objects, in which the spatial section with the objects is recorded by at least two cameras, which detect invisible light, in particular infrared light, and by at least one video camera, from the image information of the cameras, which detect invisible light, computer-aided the three-dimensional spatial position of the objects is calculated, and position marks assigned to the objects are superimposed on the video camera image of the objects in accordance with the respectively calculated spatial position and are output together with this video camera image on a screen.
  • DE 42 05 406 AI describes a method which is intended to enable precise determination of the position of measurement marks on the imaging surface of optoelectric sensors and automatic identification thereof on the basis of a special color design.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide something new for commercial use.
  • a position determination arrangement with marking detection cameras for outputting marking detection-indicative signals and signal evaluation means for marking position determination in response to the camera signals is designed in such a way that a large number of IR and color cameras are provided for detecting color-coded IR markers is and the signal evaluation means for marking identification are designed in response to the color camera signals.
  • At least 3 cameras are provided, 2 infrared cameras typically being provided. With these two infrared cameras it is possible to determine the position of a marker very precisely, because with two cameras a position can be determined in a known manner, for example by triangulation. In a basic version, however, only one color camera is required to the markers - identified under the 'with IR cameras sites are located, to identify.
  • the position determination arrangement is used with IR markers that have a narrow reflection cone.
  • IR light sources such as IR LEDs
  • IR light sources can be provided near the IR cameras, so that when this light source is excited, the light practically only falls back into the respective IR camera.
  • at least one IR light source is arranged so close to an IR camera, that at least substantial parts of the reflection cone fall into this IR camera.
  • a plurality of cameras can be assigned light sources whose light backscattered by the markings is at least predominantly. falls into the corresponding cameras.
  • much of the light energy radiated for the position determination is reflected back into the respective camera.
  • This is preferred because the total energy that must be irradiated onto the field of view can be kept lower.
  • This is particularly relevant for operations where the site is to be illuminated very brightly, since the bright operating theater lights already exert a strong heat load.
  • a color camera can be used in accordance with the invention, at least two are typically provided. On the one hand, this enables a certain redundancy, for example against the failure of a camera or to determine a shift, if the colors are evaluated using only one camera. On the other hand and / or alternatively, it is also possible to triangulate with the color cameras. This is particularly preferred. Then it is possible the rough location to determine an object on the basis of the noisy and / or inaccurate color images and to determine on the basis of the IR camera image evaluation exactly where the markings are located in the room which were roughly recognized and identified in their position with the color cameras.
  • the position determination arrangement is preferably designed in such a way that at least two IR and two color cameras and a controller are provided in order to determine with these positions, in particular in order to determine positions more precisely by means of possibly weighted position determination in order to determine measurements with a higher repetition rate , for example in that marking positions are first detected with a first set and then with a second set of two IR cameras and one color camera and / or in order to, especially in the case of cameras which are movable relative to one another, the positions of further cameras control and / or determine.
  • a change between cameras can also take place in such a way that two IR cameras and two color cameras are provided and then each color camera is read out alternately but synchronously with the two IR cameras.
  • the synchronous readout ensures that errors cannot result from rapid movements.
  • the phase-shifted alternating reading is advantageous, for example, when the maximum possible reading frequency of the IR cameras is higher than that of the color cameras.
  • the position determination arrangement is particularly preferred for use in operating rooms and can in particular be sterilized and / or can be designed with interfaces for the positioning of instruments and / or the recording of instrument positions. It is then possible, in particular, to install a plurality of cameras in an operating light.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a position determination arrangement 1, generally designated 1, with marking detection cameras 2 for outputting signals indicative of the detection of markings 3 and signal evaluation means 4 for determining the marking position in response to the camera signals, the marking detection cameras 2 having a large number of IR and color cameras is provided for detecting the color-coded IR markers 3 and the signal evaluation means 4 are designed for marking identification in response to the color camera signals.
  • the position detecting device 1 is formed in the present example, 'for use in an operating theater, and especially the cameras 2 are installed in an operating lamp 5 with lamps 5a and pivotally connected to this so that they always have a substantially unobstructed view of the situs from a short distance.
  • the operating light 5 pivoted and thus from which position is observed is observed with a set of fixed cameras (not shown) which are arranged in the ceiling or the walls of the operating room, with markers facing these cameras being arranged on the operating light (likewise not shown) ).
  • the cameras 2 comprise two identical IR cameras 2a, 2c and a color camera 2b. These three cameras are aimed together at the site.
  • the two IR cameras are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the position and orientation of an instrument or a marking arranged thereon can be detected with them by triangulation.
  • An IR LED 6a, 6b is arranged near each camera 2a, 2b, the light of which is directed onto the site and its surroundings, so that in particular near the site 3 markers 3 on surgical instruments 7, the light in a narrow cone Backscatter with an aperture angle alpha of about 3 ° in the direction of the LED and thus into the close-by IR camera.
  • Marker adhesive films that create a narrow backscatter cone are commercially available.
  • such films are sterile packed and color coded, i.e. they have a variety of different colors. It should be pointed out that the markers do not necessarily have to be film-like, but can also be spherical, for example. Even then, sterile packaging is possible.
  • a color-sensitive camera 2b which records a colored image of the site and with which it can accordingly be recognized which color coding the marker 3 has.
  • the imaging properties of the system and in particular the color camera are known so that it can be calculated where a certain point in space within the field of view is mapped on the image.
  • the signals from the cameras 2 are fed to the signal evaluation means 4 via signal lines. This is designed to determine the XYZ position of the marking by triangulation from the signals of the IR cameras. It is also designed to determine a given .XYZ position in space, where it is projected in the image of the color camera, and then to determine the color at this pixel in order to recognize the marking and thus the instrument 7 on the basis of the color ,
  • the arrangement can be used as follows:
  • the system is calibrated once.
  • the sterile IR markings are then applied in a defined manner on a series of surgical instruments 7, with each instrument being assigned a mark in a different color that can be distinguished from the color camera.
  • the operating light 5 is now moved to a predetermined and known location above the site.
  • a first of the instruments 7 is then used in the field of view of the cameras and the IR LEDs are excited in each camera.
  • the images obtained with the assigned camera 2a, 2b have a sharp, bright spot where the marking is located, while the other areas are dark.
  • the images of the two IR cameras 2a, 2c are now evaluated in order to determine the exact position of the marking in space by triangulation. Since the relative positions of the cameras to each other are known and the system is calibrated, this can easily be done.
  • more than one marking is in the field of vision of the cameras simultaneously, for example because more than one instrument is used and / or because its spatial orientation is also to be determined, it can be preferred if more than one color camera is present.
  • a triangulation can then in particular also be carried out with these and it is possible to determine a suitable assignment with which IR marking a correspondence is most likely at a given location.
  • Corresponding areas on which an IR signal is to be expected can be identified by projecting a given xyz point of the given color with the color cameras onto the IR cameras. The exact position these IR points are then determined in order to obtain a more precise xyz coordinate.

Abstract

The invention relates to a position determination system comprising cameras that record markings in order to emit indicator signals for the marking recording process and signal evaluation means for determining the position of said markings in response to the camera signals. The system is characterised in that it is provided with a plurality of IR and colour cameras for recording colour-coded IR markings and that the signal evaluation means for identifying the markings are configured in response to the colour camera signals.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft das oberbegrifflich Beanspruchte. Damit befaßt sich die vorliegende Erfindung mit einer kamerabasierten Positionsbestimmungsanordnung.The present invention relates to what is claimed in the preamble. The present invention is concerned with a camera-based position determination arrangement.
Kamerabasierte Positionsbestimmungsanordnung'eή 'sind bekannt. Sie werden etwa verwendet, um bei medizinischen Operationen die Position der für den Eingriff- verwendeten Instrumente feststellen zu können und ausgehend von dieser Feststellung beispielsweise computergestützt zu steuern. Dabei wird typisch auf dem jeweiligen Instrument eine Markierung angebracht, anhand derer die Lage der Instrumente bestimmt werden kann. Die Markierung kann etwa im Infraroten eine starke Rückstreuung bzw. starke Rückreflexe aufweisen; beides wird für Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht unterschieden, soweit nicht anders erwähnt . Die Verwendung von IR- Markierungen ist deshalb bevorzugt, weil sich hiermit besonders starke Signale ergeben, die somit eine präzise und durch Rauschen im Bild allenfalls wenig beeinträchtigte Ortung er- möglichen.Camera-based positioning arrangement 'e' 'are known. They are used, for example, to be able to determine the position of the instruments used for the procedure during medical operations and, based on this determination, to control it, for example, with the aid of a computer. A marking is typically made on the respective instrument, by means of which the position of the instruments can be determined. The marking can have a strong backscatter or strong back reflections, for example in the infrared; Neither is distinguished for purposes of the present invention unless otherwise stated. The use of IR markings is preferred because this results in particularly strong signals, which therefore enable a precise location, which is at most little impaired by noise in the image.
Sind nun, was üblich ist, mehrere Instrumente gleichzeitig im Einsatz, so müssen diese dauerhaft voneinander unterschieden werden. Hierzu gibt es unterschiedliche Verfahren im Stand der Technik. So können die Bahnen der Markierungen, nachdem diese einmal zugeordnet wurden, verfolgt werden. Dies ist rechnerisch aufwendig und ergibt überdies Probleme, wenn dieIf, as is customary, several instruments are in use at the same time, these must be permanently distinguished from one another. There are various methods for this in the prior art. In this way, the paths of the markings can be tracked once they have been assigned. This is computationally complex and also creates problems if the
- l Instrumente verdeckt werden und damit die Bahnen einige Zeit nicht erkannt werden. Hierzu wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, daß mehrere Kameras vorgesehen werden können, die eine redundante Beobachtung der zu verfolgenden Instrumente ermöglichen. Da- mit ist es weniger wahrscheinlich, daß die Bahnverfolgung aufgegeben werden muß. Auch ist es möglich, mit ersten Kameras andere Kameras zu beobachten und damit wiederum deren Position festzulegen, was es erlaubt, die Kameras immer wieder dicht an die Instrumente heran zu bewegen. Dies lindert das Problem bereits wesentlich.- l Instruments are covered and so that the tracks are not recognized for some time. For this purpose, it has already been proposed that several cameras can be provided which enable redundant observation of the instruments to be tracked. This makes it less likely that tracking will have to be abandoned. It is also possible to observe other cameras with the first cameras and thus determine their position, which allows the cameras to be moved close to the instruments again and again. This already alleviates the problem considerably.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit im Stand der Technik besteht darin, die Markierungen in ihrer Form unterschiedlich zu gestalten und/oder selbst mit Markierungen in Form etwa einer Zahl zu versehen und somit unterscheidbar zu machen. Problematisch ist .hier, daß ein vergleichsweise hoher Aufwand zur Mustererkennung erforderlich ist, insbesondere weil das Objekt schräg im Raum liegen kann.Another possibility in the prior art is to design the markings differently in their shape and / or to provide markings in the form of a number and thus to make them distinguishable. The problem here is that a comparatively high effort is required for pattern recognition, in particular because the object can lie at an angle in the room.
Die DE 196 39 615 C2 beschreibt ein Reflektorenreferenzie- rungssystem für chirurgische oder medizinische Instrumente und Behandlungsapparaturen mit mindestens zwei Kameras und einer mit den Kameras verbundenen Rechnereinheit mit einer Grafik-Bildschirmausgabe, wobei eine Strahlungsquelle für In- frarotstrahlung und eine Reflektorengruppe mit mindestens zwei Reflektoren, für diese Infrarotstrahlung, vorgesehen ist und wobei die Reflektoren in einer nur für diese Reflektorengruppe charakteristischen Anordnung an den Instrumenten bzw. Behandlungsapparaturen angebracht sind.DE 196 39 615 C2 describes a reflector reference system for surgical or medical instruments and treatment apparatuses with at least two cameras and a computer unit connected to the cameras with a graphic screen output, a radiation source for infrared radiation and a group of reflectors with at least two reflectors, for this infrared radiation, is provided and the reflectors are attached to the instruments or treatment apparatus in an arrangement which is characteristic only for this group of reflectors.
Die DE 198 48 765 C2 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Positionierung einblendbarer Positionsmarken oder Strukturen in' einem Videokamerabild von Objekten, bei dem der Raumabschnitt mit den Objekten von mindestens zwei Kameras, die unsichtbares Licht, insbesondere Infrarotlicht, erfassen, und von mindestens einer Videokamera aufgenommen wird, aus den Bildinfor- mationen der Kameras, die unsichtbares Licht erfassen, computergestützt die dreidimensionale Raumlage der Objekte errechnet wird, und den Objekten zugeordnete Positionsmarken entsprechend dieser jeweils errechneten Raumlage ins Videokamerabild der Objekte eingeblendet und zusammen mit diesem Vi- deokamerabild auf einem Bildschirm ausgegeben werden.DE 198 48 765 C2 describes a method for positioning einblendbarer position marks or structures in 'a Video camera image of objects, in which the spatial section with the objects is recorded by at least two cameras, which detect invisible light, in particular infrared light, and by at least one video camera, from the image information of the cameras, which detect invisible light, computer-aided the three-dimensional spatial position of the objects is calculated, and position marks assigned to the objects are superimposed on the video camera image of the objects in accordance with the respectively calculated spatial position and are output together with this video camera image on a screen.
Die DE 42 05 406 AI beschreibt ein Verfahren, das eine genaue Bestimmung der Position von Meßmarken auf der Abbildungsfläche optoelektrischer Sensoren und die automatische Identifi- zierung derselben aufgrund besonderer farblicher Gestaltung ermöglichen soll.DE 42 05 406 AI describes a method which is intended to enable precise determination of the position of measurement marks on the imaging surface of optoelectric sensors and automatic identification thereof on the basis of a special color design.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, Neues für die gewerbliche Anwendung bereitzustellen.The object of the present invention is to provide something new for commercial use.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird in unabhängiger Form beansprucht. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.The solution to this problem is claimed in an independent form. Preferred embodiments can be found in the subclaims.
Gemäß einem ersten wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung wird somit vorgeschlagen, daß eine Positionsbestimmungsanordnung mit Markierungserfaßungskameras zur Ausgabe markierungserfaßungs- indikativer Signale und Signalauswertemitteln zur Markierungspositionsbestimmung im Ansprechen auf die Kamerasignale so ausgestaltet ist, daß eine Vielzahl von IR- und Farbkameras zur Erfassung farbkodierter IR-Marker vorgesehen ist und die Signalauswertemittel zur Markierungsidentifikation im Ansprechen auf die Farbkamerasignale ausgebildet sind.According to a first essential aspect of the invention, it is proposed that a position determination arrangement with marking detection cameras for outputting marking detection-indicative signals and signal evaluation means for marking position determination in response to the camera signals is designed in such a way that a large number of IR and color cameras are provided for detecting color-coded IR markers is and the signal evaluation means for marking identification are designed in response to the color camera signals.
Es wird mit anderen Worten eine einfache Erkennung, welche IR-Markierung sich zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt an einem bestimmten Ort befindet, dadurch ermöglicht, daß die Markierung zugleich farbig ausgelegt wird und dann mit einer farbempfindlichen Kamera bestimmt wird, welche Farbe eine jeweilige Markierung aufweist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die Rau- scharmut der IR-Kameras, die sich aufgrund der sehr hellenIn other words, simple identification of which IR marking is located at a specific point in time at a specific location is made possible by the marking being colored at the same time and then using a color-sensitive camera to determine which color each marking has. In this way it is possible to reduce the low noise of the IR cameras, which is due to the very bright
Signale ergibt, bei der eigentlichen Positionsbestimmung -auszunutzen und dann unter Ausnutzung der gegebenenfalls weniger präzisen Ortung durch die Farbkamera eine sehr einfache Identifikation vorzunehmen.Signals result in using the actual position determination and then using the color camera, which may be less precise, to perform a very simple identification.
Es sάnd dabei wenigstens 3 Kameras vorgesehen, wobei typisch 2 Infrarotkameras vorgesehen sein werden. Mit diesen zwei Infrarotkameras ist es möglich, die Position eines Markers sehr genau festzulegen, weil schon mit zwei Kameras auf bekannte Weise, etwa durch Triangulation, eine Positionsbestimmung erfolgen kann. In einer Grundvariante ist dagegen nur eine Farbkamera erforderlich, um die Marker,- die auf den' mit den IR-Kameras ermittelten Stellen befindlich sind, zu identifizieren.At least 3 cameras are provided, 2 infrared cameras typically being provided. With these two infrared cameras it is possible to determine the position of a marker very precisely, because with two cameras a position can be determined in a known manner, for example by triangulation. In a basic version, however, only one color camera is required to the markers - identified under the 'with IR cameras sites are located, to identify.
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Positionsbestimmungsanordnung mit IR-Marker verwendet wird, die einen engen Rückstrahlkegel aufweisen. Dann können nahe den IR-Kameras IR- Lichtquellen vorgesehen sind, wie IR-LEDs, so daß das Licht bei Erregung dieser Lichtquelle praktisch nur in die jeweilige IR-Kamera zurückfällt. Insbesondere wird also zumindest eine IR-Lichtquelle so nahe an einer IR-Kamera angeordnet, daß zumindest wesentliche Anteile des Rückstrahlkegels in diese IR-Kamera fallen. Es ist im übrigen zwar nicht zwingend erforderlich, die Marker zugleich als IR-Marker und farbig auszulegen. Vielmehr wäre es prinzipiell möglich, Farbfelder o.a. getrennt von den IR-Markern anzubringen. Bevorzugt ist es jedoch in jedem Fall, wenn die IR-Marker zugleich farbig sind, weil dies die Auswertung vereinfacht.It is particularly preferred if the position determination arrangement is used with IR markers that have a narrow reflection cone. Then IR light sources, such as IR LEDs, can be provided near the IR cameras, so that when this light source is excited, the light practically only falls back into the respective IR camera. In particular, at least one IR light source is arranged so close to an IR camera, that at least substantial parts of the reflection cone fall into this IR camera. For the rest, it is not absolutely necessary to design the markers as both IR markers and in color. Rather, it would be possible in principle to apply color fields or the like separately from the IR markers. However, it is preferred in any case if the IR markers are colored at the same time because this simplifies the evaluation.
Es ist möglich, daß einer Mehrzahl von Kameras Lichtquellen zugeordnet sind, deren von den Markierungen rückgestreutes Licht zumindest überwiegend . in die entsprechenden Kameras fällt. Mit anderen Worten wird bei besonders engen Rückstreukegeln von der für die Positionsbestimmung eingestrahlte Lichtenergie viel in die jeweilige Kamera zurückgestrahlt. Dies ist bevorzugt, weil so die Gesamtenergie, die auf das Sichtfeld eingestrahlt werden muß, geringer gehalten werden kann. Dies ist gerade bei Operationen, wo der Situs sehr hell auszuleuchten ist, relevant, da durch die hellen OP-Leuchten ohnehin eine starke Wärmebelastung gegeben ist. Es ist weiter möglich, in einem solchen Fall eine Steuerung vorzusehen, um die unterschiedlichen Lichtquellen separat zu erregen._ Dies kann bei dicht beieinander liegenden Lichtquellen vorteilhaft sein, um eine noch bessere Trennung zu erzielen.It is possible for a plurality of cameras to be assigned light sources whose light backscattered by the markings is at least predominantly. falls into the corresponding cameras. In other words, in the case of particularly narrow backscatter cones, much of the light energy radiated for the position determination is reflected back into the respective camera. This is preferred because the total energy that must be irradiated onto the field of view can be kept lower. This is particularly relevant for operations where the site is to be illuminated very brightly, since the bright operating theater lights already exert a strong heat load. In such a case, it is also possible to provide a control in order to excite the different light sources separately. This can be advantageous in the case of light sources lying close together in order to achieve an even better separation.
Obwohl mit einer Farbkamera erfindungsgemäß gearbeitet werden kann, sind typisch wenigstens zwei vorgesehen. Dies ermöglicht einerseits eine bestimmte Redundanz, etwa gegen Ausfall einer Kamera oder zur Bestimmung einer Verschiebung, wenn eine Auswertung der Farben unter Heranziehung nur einer Kamera erfolgt. Andererseits und/oder alternativ ist es möglich, auch mit den Farbkameras eine Triangulation vorzunehmen. Dies ist besonders bevorzugt. Dann ist es möglich, die Groblage eines Objektes anhand der verrauschten und/oder ungenauen Farbbilder zu bestimmen und anhand der IR-Kamerabildaus- wertung festzulegen, wo genau die Markierungen im Raum sitzen, die mit den Farbkameras grob in ihrer Position erkannt und identifiziert wurden.Although a color camera can be used in accordance with the invention, at least two are typically provided. On the one hand, this enables a certain redundancy, for example against the failure of a camera or to determine a shift, if the colors are evaluated using only one camera. On the other hand and / or alternatively, it is also possible to triangulate with the color cameras. This is particularly preferred. Then it is possible the rough location to determine an object on the basis of the noisy and / or inaccurate color images and to determine on the basis of the IR camera image evaluation exactly where the markings are located in the room which were roughly recognized and identified in their position with the color cameras.
Die Positionsbestimmungsanordnung wird bevorzugt so ausgebildet, daß wenigstens zwei IR- und zwei Farbkameras und eine Steuerung vorgesehen sind, um mit diesen Positionen zu be- stimmen, insbesondere, um Positionen durch gegebenenfalls ge- wichtete Positionsbestimmung genauer festzulegen, um mit höherer Wiederholrate Messungen zu bestimmen, etwa indem phasenverschoben erst mit einem ersten Satz und dann mit einem zweiten Satz von je zwei IR-Kameras und einer Farbkamera Mar- kierungspositionen erfaßt werden und/oder um, insbesondere bei -zueinander beweglichen Kameras mit einem ersten Satz Kameras die Positionen weiterer Kameras zu kontrollieren und/oder zu bestimmen. Ein Wechsel zwischen Kameras kann etwa auch so erfolgen, daß zwei IR-Kameras und zwei Farbkameras vorgesehen sind und dann jede Farbkamera alternierend, aber synchron mit den beiden IR-Kameras ausgelesen wird. Das synchrone Auslesen gewährleistet, daß sich nicht durch rasche Bewegungen Fehler ergeben können. Das phasenverschobene alternierende Auslesen ist etwa dann vorteilhaft, wenn die ma- ximal mögliche Auslesefrequenz der IR-Kameras höher als jene der Farbkameras ist.The position determination arrangement is preferably designed in such a way that at least two IR and two color cameras and a controller are provided in order to determine with these positions, in particular in order to determine positions more precisely by means of possibly weighted position determination in order to determine measurements with a higher repetition rate , for example in that marking positions are first detected with a first set and then with a second set of two IR cameras and one color camera and / or in order to, especially in the case of cameras which are movable relative to one another, the positions of further cameras control and / or determine. A change between cameras can also take place in such a way that two IR cameras and two color cameras are provided and then each color camera is read out alternately but synchronously with the two IR cameras. The synchronous readout ensures that errors cannot result from rapid movements. The phase-shifted alternating reading is advantageous, for example, when the maximum possible reading frequency of the IR cameras is higher than that of the color cameras.
Die Positionsbestimmungsanordnung ist besonders bevorzugt für die Anwendung in Operationssälen und kann insbesondere steri- lisierbar und/oder mit Schnittstellen für die Positionierung von Instrumenten und/oder die Aufzeichnung von Instrumentenpositionen ausgebildet sein. Es ist dann insbesondere möglich, eine Mehrzahl Kameras in eine Operationsleuchte einzubauen.The position determination arrangement is particularly preferred for use in operating rooms and can in particular be sterilized and / or can be designed with interfaces for the positioning of instruments and / or the recording of instrument positions. It is then possible, in particular, to install a plurality of cameras in an operating light.
Schutz wird weiter beansprucht für Marker für eine Positionsbestimmungsanordnung der Erfindung, wobei dieser zumindest an Teilen einen Rückstreukegel von nicht mehr als 10° (in der Seitenansicht des Kegels) insbesondere für IR-Licht aufweist, färbkodiert und steril verpackt ist.Protection is further claimed for markers for a position determination arrangement of the invention, which at least in parts has a backscatter cone of no more than 10 ° (in the side view of the cone), in particular for IR light, is color-coded and sterile packaged.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden nur beispielsweise anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. In dieser ist gezeigt durch:The invention is explained below only by way of example with reference to the drawing. This is shown by:
Fig. 1 eine Anordnung gemäß der Erfindung.Fig. 1 shows an arrangement according to the invention.
Nach Fig 1. zeigt eine allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Positionsbestimmungsanordnung 1 mit Markierungserfaßungskameras 2 zur Ausgabe von für die Erfassung von Markierungen 3 indikativen Signalen und Signalauswertemitteln 4 zur Markierungspositi- onsbestimmung im Ansprechen auf die Kamerasignale, wobei die Markierungserfaßungskameras 2 eine Vielzahl von IR- und Farbkameras zur Erfassung der farbkodierten IR-Marker 3 vorgesehen ist und die Signalauswertemittel 4 zur Markierungsidentifikation im Ansprechen auf die Farbkamerasignale ausgebildet sind.1 shows a position determination arrangement 1, generally designated 1, with marking detection cameras 2 for outputting signals indicative of the detection of markings 3 and signal evaluation means 4 for determining the marking position in response to the camera signals, the marking detection cameras 2 having a large number of IR and color cameras is provided for detecting the color-coded IR markers 3 and the signal evaluation means 4 are designed for marking identification in response to the color camera signals.
Die Positionsbestimmungsanordnung 1 ist im vorliegenden Beispiel' zur Verwendung in einem Operationsaal ausgebildet und insbesondere sind die Kameras 2 in einer Operationsleuchte 5 mit Lampen 5a eingebaut und mit dieser schwenkbar, so daß sie immer eine weitgehend freie Sicht auf den Situs aus kurzer Entfernung besitzen. Wohin die Operationsleuchte 5 geschwenkt wird und somit von welcher Position aus beobachtet wird, wird mit einem Satz raumfester Kameras (nicht eingezeichnet) beobachtet, die in der Decke oder den Wänden des Operationssaales angeordnet sind, wobei auf der Operationsleuchte diesen Kame- ras zugewandte Marker angeordnet sitzen (gleichfalls nicht eingezeichnet) .The position detecting device 1 is formed in the present example, 'for use in an operating theater, and especially the cameras 2 are installed in an operating lamp 5 with lamps 5a and pivotally connected to this so that they always have a substantially unobstructed view of the situs from a short distance. Where the operating light 5 pivoted and thus from which position is observed, is observed with a set of fixed cameras (not shown) which are arranged in the ceiling or the walls of the operating room, with markers facing these cameras being arranged on the operating light (likewise not shown) ).
Die Kameras 2 umfassen im vorliegenden, einfachen Ausführungsbeispiel zwei identische IR-Kameras 2a, 2c und eine Farb- kamera 2b. Diese drei Kameras sind gemeinsam auf den Situs .gerichtet. Die beiden IR-Kameras sind so zueinander angeordnet, daß die Position und Ausrichtung eines Instrumentes bzw. einer darauf angeordneten Markierung mit ihnen durch Triangulation erfaßbar ist. Nahe jeder Kamera 2a, 2b ist eine IR-LED 6a, 6b angeordnet, deren Licht auf den Situs und dessen Umgebung, gerichtet ist, so daß insbesondere in der Nähe des Situs befindliche Marker 3 auf chirurgischen Instrumenten 7, die Licht in einem engen Kegel mit einem Öffnungswinkel alpha von etwa 3° in Richtung auf die LED und damit in die dicht dane- ben befindliche IR-Kamera rückstreuen. Marker-Klebefolien, die einen engen Rückstreukegel erzeugen, sind kommerziell erhältlich. Für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung sind solche Folien steril verpackt und farbkodiert, d.h. sie weisen eine einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Farben auf. Es sei dar- auf hingewiesen, daß die Marker nicht zwingend folienartig sein müssen, sondern auch zum Beispiel Kugelform besitzen können. Auch dann ist eine sterile Verpackung möglich.In the present, simple exemplary embodiment, the cameras 2 comprise two identical IR cameras 2a, 2c and a color camera 2b. These three cameras are aimed together at the site. The two IR cameras are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the position and orientation of an instrument or a marking arranged thereon can be detected with them by triangulation. An IR LED 6a, 6b is arranged near each camera 2a, 2b, the light of which is directed onto the site and its surroundings, so that in particular near the site 3 markers 3 on surgical instruments 7, the light in a narrow cone Backscatter with an aperture angle alpha of about 3 ° in the direction of the LED and thus into the close-by IR camera. Marker adhesive films that create a narrow backscatter cone are commercially available. For the purposes of the present invention, such films are sterile packed and color coded, i.e. they have a variety of different colors. It should be pointed out that the markers do not necessarily have to be film-like, but can also be spherical, for example. Even then, sterile packaging is possible.
Weiter ist eine farbempfindliche Kamera 2b vorgesehen, die ein farbiges Bild des Situs aufnimmt und mit der demgemäß erkannt werden kann, welche Farbkodierung der Marker 3 besitzt. Es sind mit der festen Anordnung der Kameras in der Operati- onsleuchte auch die Abbildungeigenschaften des Systems und insbesondere der Farbkamera bekannt, so daß errechnet werden kann, wohin ein bestimmter Raumpunkt innerhalb des Sichtfeldes auf dem Bild abgebildet wird.Furthermore, a color-sensitive camera 2b is provided, which records a colored image of the site and with which it can accordingly be recognized which color coding the marker 3 has. With the fixed arrangement of the cameras in the operational onsleuchte also the imaging properties of the system and in particular the color camera are known so that it can be calculated where a certain point in space within the field of view is mapped on the image.
Die Signale aus den Kameras 2 werden über Signalleitungen an die Signalauswertemittel 4 gespeist. Diese ist dazu ausgebildet, durch Triangulation aus den Signalen der IR-Kameras die XYZ-Position der Markierung zu bestimmen. Weiter ist sie dazu ausgebildet, zu einer gegebenen .XYZ-Position im Raum zu ermitteln, wohin diese, im Bild der Farbkamera projiziert wird und dann die Farbe bei diesem Bildpunkt zu ermitteln, um die Markierung und damit das Instrument 7 anhand der Farbe zu erkennen.The signals from the cameras 2 are fed to the signal evaluation means 4 via signal lines. This is designed to determine the XYZ position of the marking by triangulation from the signals of the IR cameras. It is also designed to determine a given .XYZ position in space, where it is projected in the image of the color camera, and then to determine the color at this pixel in order to recognize the marking and thus the instrument 7 on the basis of the color ,
Die Anordnung kann wie folgt verwendet werden:The arrangement can be used as follows:
Das System wird einmal kalibriert. Dann werden die sterilen IR-Markierungen definiert auf einer Reihe chirurgischer In- strumente 7 angebracht, wobei jedem Instrument eine Markierung in einer anderen, von der Farbkamera unterscheidbaren Farbe zugeordnet wird.The system is calibrated once. The sterile IR markings are then applied in a defined manner on a series of surgical instruments 7, with each instrument being assigned a mark in a different color that can be distinguished from the color camera.
Nun wird die Operationsleuchte 5 an eine vorgegebene und be- kannte Stelle über dem Situs bewegt. Hernach wird ein erstes der Instrumente 7 im Sichtfeld der Kameras verwendet und die IR-Leds bei jeder Kamera erregt. Die dabei mit der zugeordneten Kamera 2a, 2b erhaltenen Bilder weisen dort, wo die Markierung sitzt, einen scharfen, hellen Fleck auf, während die anderen Bereiche dunkel sind. Die Bilder der beiden IR-Kameras 2a, 2c werden nun ausgewertet, um durch Triangulation die genaue Position der Markierung im Raum zu ermitteln. Da die relativen Positionen der Kameras zueinander bekannt und das System kalibriert ist, kann dies ohne weiteres geschehen.The operating light 5 is now moved to a predetermined and known location above the site. A first of the instruments 7 is then used in the field of view of the cameras and the IR LEDs are excited in each camera. The images obtained with the assigned camera 2a, 2b have a sharp, bright spot where the marking is located, while the other areas are dark. The images of the two IR cameras 2a, 2c are now evaluated in order to determine the exact position of the marking in space by triangulation. Since the relative positions of the cameras to each other are known and the system is calibrated, this can easily be done.
Nun wird bestimmt, wohin der XYZ-Punkt, an dem sich die Markierung befindet, auf der Farbkamera abgebildet wird. Dann wird ein Bild mit der Farbkamera aufgenommen und der Farbwert an jenem Bildbereich, auf dem sich die Markierung befinden soll,, ermittelt. Anhand des . Farbwertes wird bestimmt, welches Instrument die Markierung trägt und es ist somit die Position dieses eindeutig identifizierten Instrumentes bekannt.Now it is determined where the XYZ point at which the marking is located is imaged on the color camera. Then an image is recorded with the color camera and the color value is determined on the image area on which the marking is to be located. Based on the. Color value is determined which instrument bears the marking and the position of this clearly identified instrument is thus known.
Es sei zunächst erwähnt, daß einleuchtenderweise nicht nur eine Positionsbestimmung möglich ist, sondern auch räumliche Ausrichtungen ermittelt werden können. Dazu können etwa zwei oder mehr Markierungen auf einem Instrument vorgesehen werden.It should first be mentioned that, of course, not only is it possible to determine a position, but also spatial orientations can be determined. For this purpose, approximately two or more markings can be provided on an instrument.
Wenn mehr als eine Markierung simultan im Blickfeld der Kameras ist, etwa weil mehr als ein Instrument verwendet wird und/oder weil auch dessen räumliche Ausrichtung ermittelt werden soll, kann es bevorzugt sein, wenn mehr als eine Farb- kamera vorhanden ist. Es kann dann insbesondere auch mit diesen ein Triangulation vorgenommen werden und es ist möglich, eine geeignete Zuordnung festzulegen, mit welcher IR- Markierung eine Korrespondenz an einer gegebenen Stelle am wahrscheinlichsten ist. So können durch Projektion eines mit den Farbkameras ermittelten xyz-Punktes gegebener Farbe auf die IR-Kameras entsprechende Bereiche identifiziert werden, auf denen ein IR-Signal zu erwarten ist. Die genaue Position dieser IR-Punkte wird dann ermittelt, um so eine genauere xyz-Koordinate zu erhalten.If more than one marking is in the field of vision of the cameras simultaneously, for example because more than one instrument is used and / or because its spatial orientation is also to be determined, it can be preferred if more than one color camera is present. A triangulation can then in particular also be carried out with these and it is possible to determine a suitable assignment with which IR marking a correspondence is most likely at a given location. Corresponding areas on which an IR signal is to be expected can be identified by projecting a given xyz point of the given color with the color cameras onto the IR cameras. The exact position these IR points are then determined in order to obtain a more precise xyz coordinate.
Weiter ist es möglich, eine größere Vielzahl an Kameras vor- zusehen, um durch mehrfache Triangulation die Genauigkeit zu verbessern, eine Redundanz gegen Kameraausfall oder Sicht- feldverdeckung zu schaffen und/oder um durch phasenverschobenes Auslesen des Bildes die Zeitauflösung zu erhöhen.It is also possible to provide a larger number of cameras in order to improve the accuracy by means of multiple triangulation, to create redundancy against camera failure or visual field obstruction and / or to increase the time resolution by reading the image out of phase.
Es sei erwähnt, daß durch andere Zuordnungen als oben angegeben gleichfalls eine Bestimmung von XYZ-Koordinaten mit mehr als zwei IR- und Farbkameras möglich ist. It should be mentioned that by assignments other than those specified above, it is also possible to determine XYZ coordinates with more than two IR and color cameras.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Positionsbestimmungsanordnung mit Markierungserfassungskameras zur Ausgabe markierungser- fassungsindikativer Signale und1. Position determination arrangement with marking detection cameras for outputting marking detection-indicative signals and
Signalauswertemitteln zur Markierungspositionsbestimmung im Ansprechen auf die Kamerasignale, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vielzahl von IR- und Farbkameras zur Erfassung farbkodierter IR-Marker vorgesehen ist und die Signalauswertemittel zur Markierungsidentifikation im Ansprechen auf die Farbkamerasignale ausgebildet sind.Signal evaluation means for determining the marking position in response to the camera signals, characterized in that a plurality of IR and color cameras are provided for detecting color-coded IR markers and the signal evaluation means are designed for marking identification in response to the color camera signals.
2. • Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach dem vorhergehenden2. • Positioning arrangement according to the previous one
Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens 3 Kameras vorgesehen sind.Claim, characterized in that at least 3 cameras are provided.
3. Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens 2 Infrarotkameras vorgesehen sind.3. Positioning arrangement according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least 2 infrared cameras are provided.
4. Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach einem der vorherge- henden Ansprüche zur Erfassung farbkodierter IR-Marker mit engem Rückstrahlkegel insbesondere im Infraroten, wobei nahe den IR-Kameras IR-Lichtquellen vorgesehen sind, insbesondere so nahe, daß zumindest wesentliche Anteile des Rückstrahlkegels in die IR-Kamera fallen. 4. Positioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims for detecting color-coded IR markers with a narrow reflection cone, particularly in the infrared, near the IR cameras IR light sources are provided, in particular so close that at least substantial portions of the reflection cone in the IR camera fall.
5. Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens zwei Farbkameras vorgesehen sind.5. Positioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two color cameras are provided.
6. Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mehr als zwei IR- und/oder mehr als zwei Farbkameras vorgesehen sind und eine Steuerung vorgesehen ist, um mit diesen simultan und/oder im Wechsel Positionen zu bestimmen, insbesondere, um Positionen genauer zu bestimmen, mit höherer Wiederholrate Messungen zu bestimmen und/oder um, insbesondere bei zueinander beweglichen Kameras mit einem ersten Satz Kameras die Positionen weiterer Kameras zu kontrollieren und/oder zu bestimmen.6. Positioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that more than two IR and / or more than two color cameras are provided and a controller is provided to determine positions with them simultaneously and / or alternately, in particular to positions to determine more precisely, to determine measurements with a higher repetition rate and / or to check and / or determine the positions of further cameras, in particular in the case of cameras which can move with one another, with a first set of cameras.
7. • Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche für Operationssäle.7. • Positioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims for operating theaters.
8. Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach einem der vorherge- henden Ansprüche, worin eine Mehrzahl Kameras in eine8. Positioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of cameras in one
Operationsleuchte eingebaut ist.Operating light is installed.
9. Verfahren zur Positionsbestimmung mit einer Positionsbestimmungsanordnung insbesondere nach einem der vorherge- henden Ansprüche, worin mit Markierungserfassungskameras zur Ausgabe markierungserfassungsindikativer Signale Marker erfasst und die Kamerasignale zur Markierungspo- sitionsbestimmüng ausgewertet werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß farbkodierter IR-Marker vorgesehen werden und Signale mit einer Vielzahl von IR- und Farbkameras erzeugt werden, wobei die Markierungsidentifikation im Ansprechen auf die Farbkamerasignale erfolgt. 9. A method for position determination with a position determination arrangement, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, wherein markers are recorded with marker detection cameras for outputting markings detection-indicative signals and the camera signals are evaluated for marking position determination, characterized in that color-coded IR markers are provided and signals with a A large number of IR and color cameras are generated, the marking being identified in response to the color camera signals.
10. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit wenigstens zwei IR- Kameras und wenigstens zwei Farbkameras jeweils ein Satz von Markierungskoordinaten bestimmt wird und diese Sätze zur Bestimmung der Position einer anhand der Farbe identifizierten Markierung bestimmt werden, wobei insbesondere der farbkameraerzeugte Satz der Grobpositionsbestimmung dient.10. The method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that a set of marking coordinates is determined with at least two IR cameras and at least two color cameras and these sets are determined for determining the position of a marking identified on the basis of the color, in particular the set generated by the color camera serves the rough position determination.
11. Marker für eine.- Positionsbestimmungsanordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Vorrichtungsansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er einen Rückstreukegel von nicht mehr als 10° (in der Seitenansicht des Kegels) aufweist, farbkodiert und steril verpackt ist. 11. Marker for a position determination arrangement according to one of the preceding device claims, characterized in that it has a backscatter cone of not more than 10 ° (in the side view of the cone), is color-coded and is sterile packed.
PCT/DE2003/003277 2002-10-01 2003-10-01 Multi-camera tracking system WO2004030560A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003283180A AU2003283180A1 (en) 2002-10-01 2003-10-01 Multi-camera tracking system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10246147.3 2002-10-01
DE10246147A DE10246147B4 (en) 2002-10-01 2002-10-01 Multi-camera tracking system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004030560A2 true WO2004030560A2 (en) 2004-04-15
WO2004030560A3 WO2004030560A3 (en) 2004-06-17

Family

ID=32010150

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2003/003277 WO2004030560A2 (en) 2002-10-01 2003-10-01 Multi-camera tracking system

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003283180A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10246147B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2004030560A2 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1952779A1 (en) * 2007-02-01 2008-08-06 BrainLAB AG Method and system for Identification of medical instruments
US7706683B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2010-04-27 Brainlab Ag Self adjusting operation lamp system
EP2238889A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-13 Tobii Technology AB Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
CN106090834A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-09 史臣 Physical examination car and shadowless lamp system thereof
WO2017004029A1 (en) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Method and apparatus for identification of multiple navigated instruments
EP2491337A4 (en) * 2009-10-20 2017-03-22 Imris Inc. Imaging system using markers
US9987093B2 (en) 2013-07-08 2018-06-05 Brainlab Ag Single-marker navigation
CN110720983A (en) * 2019-09-05 2020-01-24 北京万特福医疗器械有限公司 Visual identification method and system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5145038B2 (en) 2004-08-09 2013-02-13 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Method and apparatus for processing an image of an interventional instrument having a marker
EP1728482B1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2010-12-29 BrainLAB AG Selfadjusting surgical lamp system
DE102010018291B4 (en) * 2010-04-26 2018-12-20 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh Navigation system and X-ray system
DE102019004235B4 (en) 2018-07-16 2024-01-18 Mako Surgical Corp. SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR IMAGE-BASED REGISTRATION AND CALIBRATION

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4205406A1 (en) 1992-02-20 1993-09-02 Gerhard Dipl Ing Lutter Method for photogrammetric survey and analysis of static object - using CCD video camera with automatic location of reference points during scanning of target colour image
DE19639615C2 (en) 1996-09-26 1999-10-14 Brainlab Med Computersyst Gmbh Reflector referencing system for surgical and medical instruments, and marker system for parts of the body to be treated with neurosurgery
DE19848765C2 (en) 1998-10-22 2000-12-21 Brainlab Med Computersyst Gmbh Position verification in camera images

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6405072B1 (en) * 1991-01-28 2002-06-11 Sherwood Services Ag Apparatus and method for determining a location of an anatomical target with reference to a medical apparatus
US5603318A (en) * 1992-04-21 1997-02-18 University Of Utah Research Foundation Apparatus and method for photogrammetric surgical localization
DE4225112C1 (en) * 1992-07-30 1993-12-09 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Instrument position relative to processing object measuring apparatus - has measuring device for measuring position of instrument including inertia sensor unit
EP0736725B1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1999-09-01 Heraeus Med GmbH Process for transmitting videosignals and image transmission system in an operating lamp
AU2475799A (en) * 1998-01-28 1999-08-16 Eric R. Cosman Optical object tracking system
DE29904018U1 (en) * 1999-03-05 1999-06-02 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Active instrument for determining the position of navigation systems to support surgical interventions
DE19960020A1 (en) * 1999-12-13 2001-06-21 Ruediger Marmulla Device for optical detection and referencing between data set, surgical site and 3D marker system for instrument and bone segment navigation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4205406A1 (en) 1992-02-20 1993-09-02 Gerhard Dipl Ing Lutter Method for photogrammetric survey and analysis of static object - using CCD video camera with automatic location of reference points during scanning of target colour image
DE19639615C2 (en) 1996-09-26 1999-10-14 Brainlab Med Computersyst Gmbh Reflector referencing system for surgical and medical instruments, and marker system for parts of the body to be treated with neurosurgery
DE19848765C2 (en) 1998-10-22 2000-12-21 Brainlab Med Computersyst Gmbh Position verification in camera images

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7706683B2 (en) 2005-05-31 2010-04-27 Brainlab Ag Self adjusting operation lamp system
EP1952779A1 (en) * 2007-02-01 2008-08-06 BrainLAB AG Method and system for Identification of medical instruments
US7726564B2 (en) 2007-02-01 2010-06-01 Brainlab Ag Medical instrument identification
US10314484B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2019-06-11 Tobii Ab Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
US10307054B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2019-06-04 Tobii Ab Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
US8944600B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2015-02-03 Tobii Technology Ab Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
EP2238889A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-13 Tobii Technology AB Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
US8339446B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2012-12-25 Tobii Technology Ab Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
US9649029B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2017-05-16 Tobii Ab Adaptive camera and illuminator eyetracker
EP2491337A4 (en) * 2009-10-20 2017-03-22 Imris Inc. Imaging system using markers
US9987093B2 (en) 2013-07-08 2018-06-05 Brainlab Ag Single-marker navigation
WO2017004029A1 (en) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Method and apparatus for identification of multiple navigated instruments
US10898271B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2021-01-26 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Method and apparatus for identification of multiple navigated instruments
US11744649B2 (en) 2015-06-29 2023-09-05 Medtronic Navigation, Inc. Method and apparatus for identification of multiple navigated instruments
CN106090834A (en) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-09 史臣 Physical examination car and shadowless lamp system thereof
CN106090834B (en) * 2016-07-29 2023-01-06 深圳市艾克瑞电气有限公司 Physical examination vehicle and shadowless lamp system thereof
CN110720983A (en) * 2019-09-05 2020-01-24 北京万特福医疗器械有限公司 Visual identification method and system
CN110720983B (en) * 2019-09-05 2021-05-25 北京万特福医疗器械有限公司 Visual identification method and system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10246147A1 (en) 2004-04-15
DE10246147B4 (en) 2007-12-06
WO2004030560A3 (en) 2004-06-17
AU2003283180A1 (en) 2004-04-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE60032312T2 (en) System for determining the spatial position and / or position of one or more objects
EP0857461B1 (en) Method and system for position determination during X-ray imaging
EP1711777B2 (en) Method for determining the position and the relative motion of an object in a space
EP1952778B1 (en) Medical laser target marker and its use
DE102007029299B4 (en) Optical sensor for positioning tasks
WO2003105709A1 (en) Method and instrument for surgical navigation
DE102010042278A1 (en) Operation navigation system with structured light
EP2133659B1 (en) Method and device for determining the position of a sensor
DE10137241A1 (en) Arrangement, for detecting and measuring objects, optically projects markers onto object, records partial views of object in global coordinate system using information re-detected markers
WO2004030560A2 (en) Multi-camera tracking system
DE102008064105A1 (en) Device for determining the position of at least one local coil arranged or to be arranged on a patient couch of a magnetic resonance device, magnetic resonance system with such a device and associated method
EP2728375A1 (en) Method and device for determining the orientation of an object
DE102009046108B4 (en) camera system
WO1999043150A1 (en) Camera tracking system for a virtual television or video studio
EP2171556B1 (en) Device and method for determining a position and orientation
EP3640583A1 (en) Method for 3d capturing of an object to be measured
DE102012023623A1 (en) Method for assembling sub-housings of surface of static object, involves determining homologous image points of partial images of surface of object, and assembling images using homologous image points to form overall housing
DE102015013551B4 (en) System and method for determining the position and orientation of objects
EP3377916A1 (en) Medical coordinate measuring device, and medical coordinate measuring method
DE102014012693A1 (en) System for position and orientation of objects
DE10225077B4 (en) Object tracking device for medical operations
DE102006003569A1 (en) Position determining system, has data processing device to identify individual marking unit based on geometry at marking instrument and to evaluate spatial position of instrument from monoscopic image of image acquisition device
EP3278059B1 (en) System and method for determining the displacement of two bodies relative to each other
DE10161787A1 (en) Positioning of passive markers used in surgical interventions and suitable for localization and navigation of body parts, organs, vessels, bones, etc., by a template device is used to precisely position the markers
WO2003001237A2 (en) Optical 3d position measuring system for simultaneously detecting six degrees of freedom

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP