WO2004002627B1 - Method and apparatus for fluid dispersion - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for fluid dispersion

Info

Publication number
WO2004002627B1
WO2004002627B1 PCT/US2003/020542 US0320542W WO2004002627B1 WO 2004002627 B1 WO2004002627 B1 WO 2004002627B1 US 0320542 W US0320542 W US 0320542W WO 2004002627 B1 WO2004002627 B1 WO 2004002627B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
subject fluid
channel
subject
sectional dimension
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/020542
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004002627A2 (en
WO2004002627A3 (en
WO2004002627A8 (en
Inventor
Howard A Stone
Shelly L Anna
Nathalie Bontoux
Darren Roy Link
David A Weitz
Irina Gitlin
Piotr Garstecki
Willow Diluzio
George M Whitesides
Eugenia Kumacheva
Original Assignee
Harvard College
Howard A Stone
Shelly L Anna
Nathalie Bontoux
Darren Roy Link
David A Weitz
Irina Gitlin
Piotr Garstecki
Willow Diluzio
George M Whitesides
Eugenia Kumacheva
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP2004549845A priority Critical patent/JP2006507921A/en
Application filed by Harvard College, Howard A Stone, Shelly L Anna, Nathalie Bontoux, Darren Roy Link, David A Weitz, Irina Gitlin, Piotr Garstecki, Willow Diluzio, George M Whitesides, Eugenia Kumacheva filed Critical Harvard College
Priority to CA2491564A priority patent/CA2491564C/en
Priority to EP20030762228 priority patent/EP1515803A2/en
Priority to CN038204940A priority patent/CN1678397B/en
Priority to AU2003253751A priority patent/AU2003253751B2/en
Publication of WO2004002627A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004002627A2/en
Publication of WO2004002627A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004002627A3/en
Publication of WO2004002627B1 publication Critical patent/WO2004002627B1/en
Priority to US11/024,228 priority patent/US7708949B2/en
Publication of WO2004002627A8 publication Critical patent/WO2004002627A8/en
Priority to US12/726,223 priority patent/US8337778B2/en
Priority to US13/679,190 priority patent/US8986628B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0408Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing two or more liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41Emulsifying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/45Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40Static mixers
    • B01F25/45Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30Micromixers
    • B01F33/301Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions
    • B01F33/3011Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions using a sheathing stream of a fluid surrounding a central stream of a different fluid, e.g. for reducing the cross-section of the central stream or to produce droplets from the central stream
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0436Operational information
    • B01F2215/045Numerical flow-rate values
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S516/00Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
    • Y10S516/924Significant dispersive or manipulative operation or step in making or stabilizing colloid system
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S516/00Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
    • Y10S516/924Significant dispersive or manipulative operation or step in making or stabilizing colloid system
    • Y10S516/927Significant dispersive or manipulative operation or step in making or stabilizing colloid system in situ formation of a colloid system making or stabilizing agent which chemical reaction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • Y10T137/0324With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318Processes
    • Y10T137/0324With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
    • Y10T137/0329Mixing of plural fluids of diverse characteristics or conditions
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/206Flow affected by fluid contact, energy field or coanda effect [e.g., pure fluid device or system]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/87265Dividing into parallel flow paths with recombining
    • Y10T137/87338Flow passage with bypass
    • Y10T137/87346Including mixing feature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/25Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing including sample preparation
    • Y10T436/2575Volumetric liquid transfer

Abstract

A microfluidic method and device for focusing and/or forming discontinuous sections of similar or dissimilar size in a fluid is provided. The device can be fabricated simply from readily-available, inexpensive material using simple techniques.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS[Received by the International Bureau on 06 April 2004 (06/04/04); original claims 1-116 cancelled and replaced by new claims 1-116 (13 pages)]
1. A method comprising: providing a microfluidic interconnected region having an upstream portion and a downstream portion connecting to an outlet; providing a subject fluid and a dispersing fluid to the microfluidic interconnected region; and creating discontinuous sections of the subject fluid, the sections having essentially uniform size.
2. A method as in claim 1, comprising causing the dispersing fluid to create the discontinuous sections of the subject fluid.
3 A method as in claim 2, comprising exposing the subject fluid to two separate streams of the dispersing fluid, and allowing the two separate streams to join and to completely circumferentially surround the subject fluid stream.
4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has an enclosed cross-section.
5. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 1 millimeter.
6. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 500 microns.
7. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 200 microns.
8. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 100 microns.
9. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 50 microns.
10. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region has a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 25 microns.
11. A method as in claim 1, wherein both the subject fluid and the dispersing fluid are within the exterior boundaries of the interconnected region.
12. A method as in claim 1, wherein the interconnected region contains a dimensionally-restricted section that assists in forming the discontinuous sections.
13. A method as in claim 12, comprising allowing the dispersing fluid and subject fluid to pass through the dimensionally-restricted section wherein the subject fluid does not contact walls defining the dimensionally-restricted section.
14. A method as in claim 1, comprising introducing the subject fluid from a subject fluid channel into the dispersing fluid in the interconnected region.
15. A method as in claim 1, wherein the subject fluid comprises a liquid.
16. A method as in claim 1, wherein the subject fluid comprises a gas.
17. A method as in claim 13, wherein the subject fluid channel is at least partially surrounded by the interconnected region.
18. A method as in claim 14, wherein the interconnected region includes an upstream portion having at least two sections partially surrounding the subject fluid channel and interconnecting at an outlet of the subject fluid channel.
19. A method as in claim 1, comprising creating a pressure differential between the upstream portion and the downstream portion of the interconnected region, introducing the dispersing fluid between the upstream portion and the outlet, and forming the discontinuous sections of the subject fluid at least in part via the pressure differential.
20. A method as in claim 19, comprising creating the pressure differential at least in part via a dimensionally-restricted section between the upstream portion of the interconnected region and the outlet.
21. A method as in claim 20, comprising flowing the subject fluid and the dispersing fluid through the dimensionally-restricted section.
22. A method as in claim 21, wherein each of the dispersing fluid and subject fluid has a flow rate, and the ratio of the flow rate of the subject fluid to the dispersing fluid being less than 1:5.
23. A method as in claim 22, wherein the ratio is less than 1 :25.
24. A method as in claim 22, wherein the ratio is less than 1:50.
25. A method as in claim 22, wherein the ratio is less than 1 : 100
26. A method as in claim 22, wherein the ratio is less than 1 :250.
27. A method as in claim 22, wherein the ratio is less than 1 :400.
28. A method as in claim 22, wherein the subject fluid channel has an outlet terminating in the interconnected region upstream of the dimensionally-restricted section.
29. A method as in claim 28, wherein the subject fluid channel has an axis which passes through the dimensionally-restricted section.
30. A method as in claim 1, wherein the downstream portion of the interconnected region has a central axis, and the subject fluid is introduced into the interconnected region from a subject fluid channel having a central axis aligned with the central axis of the downstream portion of the interconnected region.
31. A method as in claim 2, wherein the dispersing fluid has a flow rate of between 6x 10"5 and lx 10"2 milliliters per second.
32. A method as in claim 2, wherein the dispersing fluid has a flow rate of between lx 10"4 and lx 10"3 milliliters per second.
33. A method as in claim 32, wherein the ratio of flow rate of subj ect fluid to dispersing fluid is less than 1:5.
34. A method as in claim 32, wherein the ratio of flow rate of subject fluid to dispersing fluid is less than 1:100.
35. A method as in claim 32, wherein the ratio of flow rate of subject fluid to dispersing fluid is less than 1 :400.
36. A method as in claim 1, comprising creating monodisperse discontinuous subject fluid sections within the dispersing fluid.
37. A method as in claim 1, comprising creating monodisperse subject fluid droplets within the dispersing fluid.
38. A method as in claim 1, comprising creating polydisperse discontinuous subject fluid sections within the dispersing fluid.
39. A method as in claim 38, wherein the discontinuous sections each have a maximum dimension, and the size ratio of the section having the largest maximum dimension to that having the smallest maximum dimension is at least 10:1.
40. A method as in claim 39, where the ratio is at least 25:1.
41. A method as in claim 39, where the ratio is at least 50:1.
42. A method as in claim 39, where the ratio is at least 100:1.
43. A method as in claim 38, wherein at least some of the discontinuous sections have a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 50 microns.
44. A method as in claim 38, wherein at least some of the discontinuous sections have a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 25 microns.
45. A method as in claim 38, wherein at least some of the discontinuous sections have a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 10 microns.
46. A method as in claim 38, wherein at least some of the discontinuous sections have a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 5 microns.
47. A method as in claim 38, wherein at least some of the discontinuous sections have a maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 1 micron.
48. A method as in claim 1, further comprising introducing an intermediate fluid between the subject fluid and the dispersing fluid and creating discontinuous sections of the subject fluid, each section surrounded by a shell of intermediate fluid.
49. A method as in claim 48, further comprising hardening the shell.
50. A method as in claim 48, comprising introducing the intermediate fluid between the subject fluid and the dispersing fluid via at least one intermediate fluid channel between the subject fluid channel and the interconnected region.
51. A method as in claim 48, wherein the at least one intermediate fluid channel has an outlet near the outlet of the subject fluid channel.
52. A method as in claim 2, wherein the subject fluid and the dispersing fluid are immiscible on the timescale of formation of the discontinuous sections.
53. A method as in claim 48, wherein each of the subject fluid, intermediate fluid, and dispersing fluid are immiscible with respect to each other on the timescale of section formation.
54. A method comprising: providing a microfluidic interconnected region having an upstream portion and a downstream portion connecting to an outlet; introducing a gas into an interior portion of the interconnected region; and creating discontinuous sections of the gas in the interconnected region.
55. A method as in claim 54, wherein the discontinuous sections of gas are separated by a liquid.
56. The method of claim 55, wherein creating discontinuous sections of the gas in the interconnected region form a foam.
57. A method comprising: joining a flow of a subject fluid with a dispersing fluid at a point where the dispersing fluid does not completely axially surround the flow of subject fluid, and creating discontinuous sections of the subject fluid at least in part by action of the dispersing fluid.
58. A method as in claim 57, comprising exposing the subject fluid to two separate streams of the dispersing fluid, and allowing the two separate streams to join and to completely circumferentially surround the subject fluid stream.
59. A method as in claim 57, wherein both fluids are contained within a microfluidic system.
60. A method as in claim 70, wherein both fluids comprise liquids.
61. A method as in claim 70, wherein one fluid comprises a gas.
62. A method comprising: focusing the flow of a subject fluid by exposing the subject fluid to at least two separate streams of a second fluid, and allowing the two separate streams to join and to completely circumferentially surround the subject fluid stream.
63. A method as in claim 62, wherein the subject fluid and the second fluid are urged through a dimensionally-restricted section of a micro-fluidic device.
64. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than 40% of the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
65. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than 50% of the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
66. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than 60% of the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
67. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than 70% of the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
68. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than 80% of the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
69. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than 90% of the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
70. A method as in claim 63, comprising creating a subject fluid stream or discontinuous portions of subject fluid stream having a mean cross-sectional dimension or mean diameter, respectively, no smaller than the mean cross-sectional dimension of the dimensionally-restricted section.
71. A system comprising: an integrally formed microfluidic interconnected region; and a subject fluid microfluidic channel surrounded at least in part by the microfluidic interconnected region.
72. A system as in claim 71, wherein at least a portion defining the interconnected region and a portion defining the subject fluid channel are portions of a single integral unit.
73. A system as in claim 71, wherein the interconnected region has an upstream portion and a downstream portion connected to an outlet, the subject fluid microfluidic channel having an outlet between the upstream portion and the outlet of the interconnected region.
74. A system as in claim 71, wherein the interconnected region includes an upstream portion and a downstream portion connected to an outlet, and a dimensionally-restricted section between the upstream portion and the outlet.
75. A system as in claim 74, wherein the subject fluid microfluidic channel has an outlet upstream of the dimensionally-restricted section.
76. A system as in claim 75, wherein the subject fluid channel and the downstream portion of the interconnected region each have a central axis, wherein these axes are aligned.
77. A system as in claim 71, wherein the subject fluid channel and the downstream portion of the interconnected region each have a central axis, wherein these axes are aligned.
78. A system as in claim 71, further comprising at least one intermediate fluid channel fluidly connecting to the interconnected region and subject fluid channels.
79. A system as in claim 78, wherein the intermediate fluid region has an outlet between the upstream portion and outlet of the interconnected region.
80. A system as in claim 78, wherein the intermediate fluid channel has an outlet upstream of a dimensionally-restricted portion of the interconnected region.
81. A system as in claim 78, wherein the subject fluid channel is laterally separated from the interconnected region by at least one intermediate fluid channel.
82. A system as in claim 80, wherein each of the subject fluid and intermediate fluid channels have outlets upstream of the dimensionally-restricted section.
83. A system comprising: a microfluidic interconnected region having an upstream portion and a downstream portion connecting to an outlet, the downstream portion having a consistent inner diameter; and a non-valved, dimensionally-restricted section upstream of the outlet.
84. A flow focusing device comprising an interconnected region for carrying a focusing fluid, and a subject fluid channel for carrying a fluid to be focused by the focusing fluid surrounded at least in part by the interconnected region, wherein at least 50
a portion defining an outer wall of the interconnected region and a portion defining an outer wall of the subject fluid channel are portions of a single integral unit.
85. A flow focusing device comprising: a fluid channel for carrying a fluid to be focused by the device; and at least two, separate, focusing fluid channels for simultaneously delivering focusing fluid to and focusing the subject fluid.
86. A method comprising: forming, integrally, at least portions of both a subject fluid channel and a focusing fluid channel of a flow focusing device from a single material.
87. A method comprising: forming at least portions of both a subject fluid channel and a focusing fluid channel of a flow focusing device in a single molding step.
88. A method comprising: providing discontinuous sections of a first fluid interspersed in a second fluid immiscible in the first fluid; and urging the discontinuous sections of the first fluid, within a confined channel, against an obstruction and causing the obstruction to separate at least some of the discontinuous sections into further-dispersed sections.
89. A method as in claim 88, further comprising collecting the further-dispersed sections as a product.
90. A method as in claim 89, wherein the product is a consumer product.
91. A method as in claim 88, wherein the confined channel is a microfluidic channel.
92. A method as in claim 91, wherein the confined channel has a maximum cross- sectional dimension of less than one millimeter. 51
93. A method as in claim 91, wherein the confined channel has a maximum cross- sectional dimension of less than 500 microns.
94. A method as in claim 91, wherein the confined channel has a maximum cross- sectional dimension of less than 200 microns.
95. A method as in claim 91, wherein the confined channel has a maximum cross- sectional dimension of less than 100 microns.
96. A method as in claim 91, wherein the confined channel has a maximum cross- sectional dimension of less than 50 microns.
97. A method as in claim 91, wherein the confined channel has a maximum cross- sectional dimension of less than 25 microns.
98. A method as in claim 88, wherein the obstruction is centrally located in the confined channel.
99. A method as in claim 88, wherein the obstruction is offset from center in the confined channel.
100. A method as in claim 88, comprising causing the discontinuous sections of fluid to flow in a channel containing a plurality of obstructions, and allowing it at least some of the discontinuous sections to be further dispersed at the obstructions.
101. A method as in claim 100, comprising allowing at least one discontinuous section to be divided at a first obstruction to form at least two further dispersed sections, and allowing at least one of the further-dispersed sections to be further dispersed at a second obstruction. 52
102. A method as in claim 88, comprising recovering, as a result of interaction between the discontinuous phase the obstruction, further-dispersed sections having an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 500 microns.
103. A method as in claim 88, comprising recovering, as a result of interaction between the discontinuous phase and the obstruction, further-dispersed sections having an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 200 microns.
104. A method as in claim 88, comprising recovering, as a result of interaction between the discontinuous phase the obstruction, further-dispersed sections having an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 100 microns.
105. A method as in claim 88, comprising recovering, as a result of interaction between the discontinuous phase the obstruction, further-dispersed sections having an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 50 microns.
106. A method as in claim 88, comprising recovering, as a result of interaction between the discontinuous phase the obstruction, further-dispersed sections having an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 20 microns.
107. A method as in claim 88, comprising recovering, as a result of interaction between the discontinuous phase the obstruction, further-dispersed sections having an average maximum cross-sectional dimension of less than 10 microns.
108. A method comprising: flowing a dispersed phase and a dispersant, within a channel intersection; at the channel intersection, further dispersing the dispersed phase into at least two further-dispersed phases each having an average size, wherein the average sizes of the at least two further-dispersed phases are set by at least two different backpressures experienced by the dispersed phase at the channel intersection.
109. A method as in claim 108, wherein the channel intersection is a T junction. 53
110. A method comprising: separating at least one discontinuous section of a fluid into at least two further- dispersed sections by causing the discontinuous section to separate into the at least two further-dispersed sections in separate channels at a channel junction of a fluidic system, wherein the at least two further-dispersed sections are of different volume.
111. A method as in claim 110, wherein the at least two further-dispersed sections include a larger section and a smaller section, the larger section being at least 10% larger in volume than the smaller section.
112. A method as in claim 111, wherein the larger section is at least 20% larger than the smaller section by volume.
113. A method as in claim 111, wherein the larger section is at least 30% larger than the smaller section by volume
114. A method as in claim 111, wherein the larger section is at least 50% larger than the smaller section by volume.
115. A method as in claim 111, wherein the larger section is at least 70% larger than the smaller section by volume.
116. A device comprising: a confined channel having an inlet connectable to a source of a first fluid and a second fluid incompatible with the first fluid, an outlet connectable to a reservoir for receiving a dispersed phase of the first fluid in the second fluid; and an obstruction within the confined channel between the inlet and the outlet.
PCT/US2003/020542 2002-06-28 2003-06-30 Method and apparatus for fluid dispersion WO2004002627A2 (en)

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JP2006507921A (en) 2006-03-09
US7708949B2 (en) 2010-05-04
JP2010075927A (en) 2010-04-08
US20100172803A1 (en) 2010-07-08
CA2491564A1 (en) 2004-01-08
US8986628B2 (en) 2015-03-24
JP5624310B2 (en) 2014-11-12
WO2004002627A2 (en) 2004-01-08
WO2004002627A3 (en) 2004-04-01
US20050172476A1 (en) 2005-08-11
EP2275206A1 (en) 2011-01-19
AU2003253751B2 (en) 2009-10-08
CN102059162A (en) 2011-05-18
CN1678397A (en) 2005-10-05
CA2491564C (en) 2013-03-19
EP1515803A2 (en) 2005-03-23
WO2004002627A8 (en) 2005-03-17
US8337778B2 (en) 2012-12-25
US20140037514A1 (en) 2014-02-06
AU2003253751A1 (en) 2004-01-19

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