WO2003079611A1 - A system and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network - Google Patents

A system and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003079611A1
WO2003079611A1 PCT/US2003/007516 US0307516W WO03079611A1 WO 2003079611 A1 WO2003079611 A1 WO 2003079611A1 US 0307516 W US0307516 W US 0307516W WO 03079611 A1 WO03079611 A1 WO 03079611A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
instructions
message
noise factor
destination node
rate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/007516
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2003079611A8 (en
Inventor
John M. Belcea
Original Assignee
Meshnetworks, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meshnetworks, Inc. filed Critical Meshnetworks, Inc.
Priority to CA002479014A priority Critical patent/CA2479014A1/en
Priority to JP2003577479A priority patent/JP4308022B2/en
Priority to KR1020047014546A priority patent/KR100968079B1/en
Priority to DE60332217T priority patent/DE60332217D1/en
Priority to AT03744645T priority patent/ATE465574T1/en
Priority to AU2003216556A priority patent/AU2003216556A1/en
Priority to EP03744645A priority patent/EP1486032B1/en
Publication of WO2003079611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003079611A1/en
Publication of WO2003079611A8 publication Critical patent/WO2003079611A8/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/18TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/267TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the information rate
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/66Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for reducing bandwidth of signals; for improving efficiency of transmission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/18TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/22TPC being performed according to specific parameters taking into account previous information or commands
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/18TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/242TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04TPC
    • H04W52/38TPC being performed in particular situations
    • H04W52/46TPC being performed in particular situations in multi hop networks, e.g. wireless relay networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system and method for adaptively controlling the transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for selecting an appropriate transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted over a link between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network based on factors such as variations in path loss in the link, fading conditions, noise level estimation and overall link quality.
  • each user terminal (hereinafter “mobile node”) is capable of operating as a base station or router for the other mobile nodes, thus eliminating the need for a fixed infrastructure of base stations. Accordingly, data packets being sent from a source mobile node to a destination mobile node are typically routed through a number of intermediate mobile nodes before reaching the destination mobile node.
  • More sophisticated ad-hoc networks are also being developed which, in addition to enabling mobile nodes to communicate with each other as in a conventional ad-hoc network, further enable the mobile nodes to access a fixed network and thus communicate with other types of user terminals, such as those on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and on other networks such as the Internet. Details of these types of ad-hoc networks are described in U.S. patent application Serial No. 09/897,790 entitled "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Mobile Radio Access System Interfaced to the PSTN and Cellular Networks", filed on June 29, 2001, in U.S. patent application Serial No.
  • the data is transmitted via a path that leads to the destination node. If the destination node is not listed in the node's routing table, then the packet is sent to one or more other nodes listed in the node's routing table, and those other nodes determine if the destination table is listed in their routing tables. The process continues until the data packet eventually reaches the destination node.
  • transmission at a lower data rate typically uses higher energy than at a higher data rate, while requiring a longer period of time for transmitting the same amount of data that could be transmitted quicker at a higher data rate.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for adaptively controlling the transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for selecting an appropriate transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted over a link between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network based on factors such as variations in path loss in the link, fading conditions, noise level estimation and overall link quality.
  • the system and method perform the operations of computing path loss in the link based on information provided to the source node from the destination node pertaining to characteristics of a message that was transmitted by the source node and received by the destination node, determining a noise factor at the destination node, and calculating the power level and rate at which the data is transmitted over the link from the source node to the destination node based on the path loss and the noise factor. More specifically, the calculating calculates the power level based on the path loss and the noise factor, and determines the rate based on the calculated power level. Furthermore, the path loss is computed dynamically as conditions of said link change over time.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram of an example of an ad-hoc wireless communications network employing a system and method for evaluating the integrity of links between nodes according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of components of a node employed in the network shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating an example of the different types of interference than can affect a signal being transmitted from a source node to a destination node in the network shown in Fig. 1 ;
  • Fig. 4 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating components of the transceiver of a destination node as shown in Fig. 2, which produce a Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operations performed by the ATP in the source node to estimate the noise level at the destination node;
  • Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating an example of estimated noise versus the number of messages transmitted from a source node to a destination node in the network shown in Fig. 1 as calculated using noise estimation techniques according to an embodiment of the present invention as shown in the flowchart of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating an example of different link quality values representing the quality of a link between a source node and destination node of the network shown in Fig. 1 as calculated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an ad-hoc packet-switched wireless communications network 100 employing an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network 100 includes a plurality of mobile wireless user terminals 102-1 through 102-n (referred to generally as nodes or mobile nodes 102), and a fixed network 104 having a plurality of access points 106-1, 106-2, ...106-n (referred to generally as nodes or access points 106), for providing the nodes 102 with access to the fixed network 104.
  • the fixed network 104 includes, for example, a core local access network (LAN), and a plurality of servers and gateway routers, to thus provide the nodes 102 with access to other networks, such as other ad-hoc networks, the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the Internet.
  • the network 100 further includes a plurality of fixed routers 107-1 through 107-n (referred to generally as nodes or fixed routers 107) for routing data packets between other nodes 102, 106 or 107.
  • the nodes 102, 106 and 107 are capable of communicating with each other directly, or via one or more other nodes 102, 106 or' 107 operating as a router or routers for data packets being sent between nodes 102, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,943,322 to Mayor and in U.S. patent application Serial Nos. 09/897,790, 09/815,157 and 09/815,164, referenced above. Specifically, as shown in Fig.
  • each node 102, 106 and 107 includes a transceiver 108 which is coupled to an antenna 110 and is capable of receiving and transmitting signals, such as packetized data signals, to and from the node 102, 106 or 107, under the control of a controller 112.
  • the packetized data signals can include, for example, voice, data or multimedia.
  • Each node 102, 106 and 107 further includes a memory 114, such as a random access memory (RAM), that is capable of storing, among other things, routing information pertaining to itself and other nodes 102, 106 or 107 in the network 100.
  • the nodes 102, 106 and 107 exchange their respective routing information, referred to as routing advertisements or routing table information, with each other via a broadcasting mechanism periodically, for example, when a new node 102 enters the network 100, or when existing nodes 102 in the network 100 move.
  • a node 102, 106 or 107 will broadcast its routing table updates, and nearby nodes 102, 106 or 107 will only receive the broadcast routing table updates if within broadcast range (e.g., radio frequency (RF) range) of the broadcasting node 102, 106 or 107.
  • broadcast range e.g., radio frequency (RF) range
  • nodes 102-1, 102-2 and 102-7 are within the RF broadcast range of node 102-6
  • node 102-6 broadcasts its routing table information
  • nodes 102-1, 102-2 and 102-7 broadcasts its routing table information
  • nodes 102-3, 102-4 and 102-5 through 102-n are out of the broadcast range, none of those nodes will receive the broadcast routing table information from node 102-6.
  • a node 102, 106 or 107 controls transmission of data packets to another node 102, 106 and 107 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, when a node 102, 106 or 107 is to transmit data packets to another node, the controller 112 of the transmitting node 102, 106 or 107 will control the transceiver 108 to transmit the data packets at a particular transmit power and data rate.
  • Adaptive Control of the Transmit Power is the algorithm performed by the controller 112 of the transmitting node 102, 106 or 107 that is responsible for identifying the transmit power and data rate that can be used for assuring the most reliable reception at correspondent site while using as little energy as possible, as will now be described.
  • Fig. 3 shows a typical data transfer in ad-hoc environment between two stations (e.g., nodes 102, 106 or 107 shown in Fig. 1) identified as the Source Terminal and the Destination Terminal.
  • the reception at each end of the connection could be affected by adverse conditions.
  • the signal strength suffers a loss due to propagation (i.e., free space loss) and environment absorption (i.e., vegetation, buildings, fixed or moving objects).
  • sources of electromagnetic radiation transmitting signals or noise on the same frequency band as the received signal can adversely affect the received signal.
  • the received signal may also arrive following more than one route, which causes signal fading. In summary, many conditions may prevent the transmitted message from being always received correctly.
  • the Source Terminal when the Source Terminal has some data to transmit to the Destination Terminal, the Source Terminal sends a Ready to Send (RTS) message as shown in Fig. 3. If the Destination Terminal is ready to receive the data, it answers with the Clear To Send (CTS) message. However, the Destination Terminal may answer with a Not Clear to Send (NCTS) message if there is no data channel available at the time. Furthermore, it is possible that the Destination Terminal does not answer the RTS request because the Destination Terminal does not receive the RTS request, for example, when the Destination Terminal is busy receiving or transmitting different data, or if the interference at the Destination Terminal is too strong. In this event, the Source Terminal resends the RTS message after a random period of time.
  • RTS Ready to Send
  • CTS Clear To Send
  • NTCTS Not Clear to Send
  • the Destination Terminal If the Destination Terminal answers with a CTS message, the Source Terminal tunes on data channel and starts sending data. On the other end of the connection, the Destination Terminal tunes on the same data channel and starts receiving that transmitted data.
  • the Destination Terminal determines that there is no response from the Destination Terminal (i.e., a "NO RESPONSE" condition), and re-sends the RTS message after a random delay.
  • the role of ATP in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is to control the data rate and the transmit power when transferring data from the Source Terminal to the Destination Terminal in such way that the highest possible data rate is used, the lowest energy is used, and the transmit power and data rate are computed to assure at least a 90% probability that the Destination Terminal will correctly receive the message.
  • the reliability i.e., probability of receiving data correctly
  • ATP in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention uses as much energy as 'needed for achieving more than 90% reliability for each individual transmission.
  • the ATP computes or estimates several elements associated to the quality of the received signal, namely, dynamic variation of the path loss, fading span and noise level at the Destination Terminal, as will now be described.
  • path loss is computed as the difference between the power level of the received signal and the power used for transmitting the received signal.
  • the power used for transmitting the message is known from the history associated with the Destination Terminal, and the signal strength at the Destination Terminal is characterized by the RSSI, PDSQ and MPC.
  • the Destination Terminal includes information pertaining to the RSSI, PDSQ and MPC in the ACK and NACK messages that the Destination Terminal sends to the Source Terminal.
  • the level of the received signal is computed based on RSSI and PDSQ measurements. Both measurements are readings of A/D converters in the transceiver 108 (see Fig.
  • the ACK and NACK messages each have reserved 5 bits for RSSI and PDSQ measurements which allows the representation of 32 distinct values, namely, the values ranging from 00000 (decimal "0") through 11111 (decimal "31").
  • the strength of the received signal is estimated using linear approximations, and is computed from RSSI data only when RSSI has a large value.
  • the RSSI count is a measure of the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) signal that controls the radio frequency (RF) amplification of the received energy.
  • AGC Automatic Gain Control
  • the AGC maintains the received signal as constant as possible at detection/demodulation.
  • a first A/D converter provides the numerical expression of the value of AGC, which is the RSSI.
  • the level of the signal leaving the detection stage DET is also sampled with a second A/D converter to provide the PDSQ.
  • PDSQ is constant or relatively constant.
  • a stronger received signal results in a higher AGC and RSSI.
  • AGC and RSSI are zero, and PDSQ becomes smaller than the constant value characterizing the reception of a strong signal. Accordingly, when RSSI has small values, PDSQ is used instead of RSSI for computing the received signal strength.
  • the instantaneous path loss between the Source and Destination Terminals is computed as the difference between the transmitting power at which the signal is transmitted by the Source Terminal and the signal strength at which the transmitted signal is received by the Destination Terminal.
  • the signal strength is evaluated based on the information provided to the Source Terminal in the ACK or NACK messages sent by the Destination Terminal. Subtracting the strength of the received signal from the level of the transmit power provides the value of the path loss, which includes the free space loss as well as the absorption caused by a medium as discussed above.
  • the distance between the Source and Destination Terminals changes continuously, meaning that the path loss also changes.
  • the coefficients ⁇ and / / of this function are computed using the Least Square Method (LSM) which is known in the art, but any linear or non-linear model can be used.
  • LSM Least Square Method
  • the method has as scope to find the values of the two parameters To and f for which
  • ⁇ 2 ⁇ (/ 0 +/;fo - -R )) ( 2 )
  • ATP employs the "forget factor" which allows the ATP algorithm to forget the information collected more than a certain length of time ago, by providing each measurement with a variable weight that decreases with time as will now be described.
  • the instantaneous path loss is plCH.
  • the LSM matrix has four elements
  • the associated matrix for LSM while using the forget factor w with the property 0 ⁇ w ⁇ i for weighting each measurement is: * ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ w
  • the aj element of the LSM matrix is equal to the number of measurements considered in computation.
  • the value of the aj element of the LSM matrix is equal to the number of measurements considered in computation.
  • a 1 1 at step n is equal to .
  • the path loss presents significant variations. Specifically, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, these variations are caused by multiple factors that include the speed of change of the distance between the Source and Destination Terminals, the speed of various objects moving between Source and Destination Terminals, and so on.
  • the variation has a random character, but its standard deviation is relatively constant for long time.
  • ATP identifies the error of the last measurement, which is represented by the difference between the path loss computed by equation (1) above and the path loss computed from the feedback (i.e., RSSI and PDSQ) provided by the Destination Terminal, and then computes the standard deviation of errors.
  • the size of the signal span is computed from the standard deviation of individual measurements that is filtered with Infinite Input Filter (IIF) for preventing sudden jumps.
  • IIF Infinite Input Filter
  • the received signal may be affected in two ways: (a) not all bits of the message are received correctly, and (b) the value of RSSI is larger than normal due to the high level of electromagnetic radiation.
  • ATP attempts to estimate of the noise level at the Destination Terminal based on frequency of "NAK” and “NO RESPONSE” cases in opposition to "ACK” cases as discussed above.
  • the noise is estimated using three variables that change value every time a new data is received. These variables are the noise level, the upward correction and the downward correction.
  • the noise level variable shows the currently estimated level of noise.
  • the estimated noise could be smaller than the real level, larger than the real level, or almost correct.
  • the upward and downward corrections are limited by bottom limits which, in this example, are 0.1 dB for the upward correction and 0.0001 dB for the downward correction.
  • the noise level variable in this example begins at zero.
  • the values of these variables are indications of the relation between the estimated level of noise and the real noise level. No more than one of these variables is larger than its bottom limit at any time.
  • the estimated noise is probably smaller than the real noise level.
  • the downward correction is larger than its bottom limit
  • the estimated noise is probably larger than the real noise level.
  • both variables are at bottom limit, there is no significant noise at correspondent site.
  • the values of these corrections are continuously changing according with the type of occurring situation (favorable or not favorable) as explained below.
  • the action that the controller 112 of the Source Terminal takes depends on the value of upward correction. If it is determined in step 1020 that the upward correction is higher than its bottom limit (i.e., 0.1), the upward correction is reduced to half (or by any other suitable factor) and is subtracted from the noise level in step 1030. In step 1040, the noise level is then determined to be either zero if the noise level calculated in step 1030 is negative, or the noise level calculated in step 1030 if it is a positive value. However, the noise level cannot be negative and can never exceed the maximum noise level MAX_NOISE, which can be any suitable value such as 50 dB.
  • MAX_NOISE which can be any suitable value such as 50 dB.
  • step 1040 These conditions are represented by the function max(0, min(noise, MAX SfOISE)) in step 1040. If is determined in step 1020 that the upward correction is smaller or at the bottom limit, in step 1050, the upward correction is reset to 0.1, the noise level is decreased by the downward correction and the downward correction is increased by 10%, or by any other suitable factor. The noise value is then selected in step 1040, and the ATP waits for another message in step 1060. The process returns to step 1010 and repeats when another message is received.
  • step 1010 when an unfavorable situation occurs (e.g., the Source Terminal receives an NAK message or NO RESPONSE is detected) in step 1010, the process proceeds to step 1070 where the value of the upward correction is doubled (or increased by any other suitable factor) and is added to the noise level while the downward correction is reset to its bottom limit of 0.0001. The process then proceeds to step 1040 where the noise level is determined as discussed above, and then to step 1060 to await receipt of another message. [0046] As can be appreciated from this description, the algorithm searches for the estimation of the noise level with steps increasing exponentially with the power of two (or any other suitable factor). Hence, the noise level can be identified quickly when a sequence of unfavorable situations occur.
  • the noise level can be identified quickly when a sequence of unfavorable situations occur.
  • the algorithm maintains the noise level estimate almost constant for some time. Afterward, the algorithm begins attempting to determine if the noise source is still active or not by slowly reducing the estimated noise level. If the attempt is successful, the speed of reduction increases until the new noise level is found or until the estimated noise level becomes zero. [0047] Hence, the estimation of the noise level value is continuously changed, because at every step, one of the two corrections is either added or subtracted to the previous noise level value. In fact, the two corrections have exponential variations and, when the noise level is correctly identified, they have very small values. Accordingly, when the noise level is correctly identified, the corrections that are applied to the noise level are so small that they have no practical significance.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating an example of the manner in which the noise detection process described above with regard to the flowchart in Fig. 5 is used to dynamically estimate the noise level.
  • the actual noise at the Destination Terminal causes the Destination Terminal to send a NACK message to the Source Terminal.
  • the upward correction is then set to (0.1 * 2) or 0.2 in step 1070 and, when added to the initial estimated noise value of zero, the noise value becomes 0.2.
  • the Source Terminal then adjusts the transmission power as discussed in the "Power Computation" section below when sending the second message.
  • the actual noise still causes the Destination Terminal to send a NACK message to the Source Terminal.
  • the upward correction is then set to (0.2 * 2) or 0.4 in step 1070 and, when added to the noise value of 0.2 calculated for the previous message, the new noise value becomes 0.6.
  • This process repeats as indicated, until the power level is adjusted to such a level (i.e., to compensate for an actual noise level of +12 dB in this example) which results in the Destination Terminal sending an ACK message to the Source Terminal. In this example, this occurs by the time the sixth message is sent, which results in an estimated noise value of 12.6 dB according to the calculations discussed above.
  • the seventh message is sent, the power level is sufficient to result in the Destination Terminal sending an ACK message.
  • step 1010 proceeds from step 1010 to step 1020 and, because the upward correction value has risen to 6.4 which is over 0.1, the process proceeds from step 1020 to step 1030.
  • the upward correction value is then halved to 3.2 and subtracted from the noise value, to result in a noise value of (12.6 - 3.2) or 9.4.
  • the power level is then decreased accordingly for sending the eighth message.
  • the power level has been lowered too much, a NACK message will be sent by the Destination Terminal. This results in the process proceeding to step 1070 where the upward correction value is doubled to 6.4 and added to the noise level of 9.4 to result in a noise level of 15.8.
  • the process proceeds from step 1010 to step 1020, to step 1030 where the upward correction value of 6.4 is halved to 3.2 and subtracted from the noise value of 15.8, resulting in a noise value of 12.6. It is noted that the power level for the next message will still result in an ACK message being received. Hence, for that message, the process will proceed from step 1010 to step 1020, to step 1030 where the upward correction value will be halved again to 1.6 and subtracted from the noise value. The noise value will thus be reduced to 11.0.
  • the estimated noise value will stabilize at the actual noise value, which in this example is +12 dB.
  • the upward correction value is halved enough times to be below the bottom limit of 0.1, when the process reaches step 1020, it will proceed to step 1050 where the downward correction will be used to reduce the noise value by a much smaller amount.
  • the sudden activation of noise source prevented seven of the first ten messages from being received by the Destination Terminal. From that moment, the reliability increased to more then 90%.
  • noise of +12 dB over the receiver sensitivity is received at the Destination Terminal during the first 50 messages. For the rest of the time, no noise is present. That is, in this example, the noise at the Destination Terminal disappears by the time the 50 th message has been sent. Although the noise stopped when message 50 was transmitted, the nature of the noise evaluator as shown in the flowchart of Fig.
  • the ATP computes the theoretical transmit power as a summation of the estimated noise level (increased by 10%), the path loss at the specified time, the receiver sensitivity at maximum data rate (i.e., the noise floor) and two times the fading span. Since the fading span is the same or substantially the same as the standard deviation of the path loss, using two times its value gives the certainty that 95.4% of messages are received at a level higher than the receiver sensitivity, as indicated by the following equation:
  • TTxP(t) noise * 1.1 + pl(t) + NoiseFloor(6) + 2 * Span (5)
  • the theoretical transmit power could be larger or smaller than the maximum power that the transmitter can provide.
  • the computed transmit power TxP(t) is equal to the theoretical transmit power if it is within the power range the transmitter can provide, as indicated by the following equations:
  • the filtered transmit power EExR is either computed from the transmit power using the IIF associated to the speed of path loss variation, or is considered as it is. This asymmetric filter allows maintaining high reliability when sudden adverse events happen.
  • the theoretical transmit power is smaller than the maximum transmit power, the maximum data rate is used and the theoretical power is equal to the filtered FTxP transmit power. However, if the theoretical transmit power TTxP is larger than the highest power the transmitter can provide, the excess of power is compensated by lowering the data rate DR, as indicated by the following equation:
  • the return values of the Ratelndex function are resulting from the conversion of the transmit energy per bit for each data rate.
  • the data transfer rate for a rate index of 6 is 6 MBPS and is used as a reference.
  • the data rate for a rate index of 5 is associated with a data transfer rate of 4 MBPS.
  • the other values correspond to 3 MBPS for a rate index of 4, and 1.5 MBPS for a rate index of 3. Lower data rates are used only for control messages, and not for data transfer.
  • the data rate computed in accordance with Equation (7) is filtered using IIF with parameters specific with the speed of path loss change, as indicated by the following equation: pFDR + DR* ⁇
  • the computed power and data rate are filtered using IIF for assuring a smooth change of values.
  • the data rate filter is symmetrical, but the power filter is asymmetrical, assuring fast reaction to sudden adverse changes in environment with slow recovery, thus maintaining the reliability of connection to at least 90%.
  • the ATP uses two sets of parameters for filtering the transmit power and data rate.
  • the ATP further provides information about the quality of the link between
  • Source and Destination Terminals This information can be used for predicting the behavior of an active the link in next few seconds or when considering the link for participating in a communication route.
  • the index of link quality ILQ is defined as:
  • ILQ(t) MAX POWER - FTxP(t) + 6.02 - Gain(TxDR)
  • the ILQ is equal with the maximum power increased with 6.02 (the gain for using the lowest data rate) minus the actual used transmit power and the actual gain converted to dB.
  • the ILQ indicates the amount of unused theoretical power for the link. This measure is complementary to the link resistance that measures the currently used energy.
  • One second predicted link quality PLQ1 which is also shown graphically in Fig. 5, is computed as:
  • the Index of Link Quality is useful for judging the current resistance of the link.
  • Small values of ILQ indicate that the link has substantial resistance and may break at any time.
  • the one-second prediction of link quality provides more information in such case. Specifically, smaller than ILQ values of PRQ1 indicate that the link has the tendency to become weaker in time. A negative value of PRQ1 indicates that the link may not be available after one second, and that the route using the link, if any, must be rerouted. On the contrary, values of PRQ1 larger than ILQ indicate that the link quality is improving and, despite the fact it is weak now, it will become better after one second.
  • the five-second prediction of link quality is useful when a link is considered for being selected as participant in a route.
  • PLQ5 Large values of PLQ5 indicate that the route will be healthy for at least five seconds from now, and can thus be selected for participating in a route. Smaller or negative values of the PLQ5 indicate that the link will become weak or unavailable in less than five seconds and should not be considered as a hop in a new route.
  • the ATP controls the transmission between the Source Terminal and the Destination Terminal, which is only one link in the chain that is the route between the initial source of data and the final destination.
  • the link quality is the set of information that ATP provides to other software components of the terminal for assuring a high reliability of the network as a system of terminals.

Abstract

A system and method for selecting an appropriate transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted over a link between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network based on factors such as variations in path loss in the link, fading conditions, noise level estimation and overall link quality. The system and method dynamically computes path loss in the link based on characteristics of a message transmitted from the source node (102, 106, 107) to the destination node (102, 106, 107), determines a noise factor at the destination node, and calculates the power level and rate at which the data is transmitted over the link based on the computed path loss and noise factor. Accordingly, the system and method are capable of determining the proper level of transmit power and data rate for assuring that the destination node will receive the data transmitted by the source node at a reliability of at least 90%.

Description

Patent Application
for
A System and Method for Providing Adaptive Control of Transmit Power and Data Rate in an Ad-Hoc Communication Network
by
John M. Belcea
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention:
[OOOl] The present invention relates to a system and method for adaptively controlling the transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for selecting an appropriate transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted over a link between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network based on factors such as variations in path loss in the link, fading conditions, noise level estimation and overall link quality.
Description of the Related Art:
[0002] In recent years, a type of mobile communications network known as an "ad-hoc" network has been developed. In this type of network, each user terminal (hereinafter "mobile node") is capable of operating as a base station or router for the other mobile nodes, thus eliminating the need for a fixed infrastructure of base stations. Accordingly, data packets being sent from a source mobile node to a destination mobile node are typically routed through a number of intermediate mobile nodes before reaching the destination mobile node.
Details of an ad-hoc network are set forth in U.S. Patent No. 5,943,322 to Mayor, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0003] More sophisticated ad-hoc networks are also being developed which, in addition to enabling mobile nodes to communicate with each other as in a conventional ad-hoc network, further enable the mobile nodes to access a fixed network and thus communicate with other types of user terminals, such as those on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and on other networks such as the Internet. Details of these types of ad-hoc networks are described in U.S. patent application Serial No. 09/897,790 entitled "Ad Hoc Peer-to-Peer Mobile Radio Access System Interfaced to the PSTN and Cellular Networks", filed on June 29, 2001, in U.S. patent application Serial No. 09/815,157 entitled "Time Division Protocol for an Ad-Hoc, Peer-to-Peer Radio Network Having Coordinating Channel Access to Shared Parallel Data Channels with Separate Reservation Channel", filed on March 22, 2001, and in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/815,164 entitled "Prioritized-Routing for an Ad-Hoc, Peer-to-Peer, Mobile Radio Access System", filed on March 22, 2001, the entire content of each of said patent applications being incorporated herein by reference. [0004] As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, when a node sends packetized data to a destination node, the node typically checks its routing table to determine whether the destination node is contained in its routing table. If the destination node is contained in the node's routing table, the data is transmitted via a path that leads to the destination node. If the destination node is not listed in the node's routing table, then the packet is sent to one or more other nodes listed in the node's routing table, and those other nodes determine if the destination table is listed in their routing tables. The process continues until the data packet eventually reaches the destination node.
[0005] In these types of ad-hoc networks, data transmitted from one station to another is affected by adverse conditions. These conditions may prevent the transmitted data from being correctly received by the destination station. In order to provide a high reliability of data transfer, the transmit power and data rate must be adjusted to proper levels. Although high transmit power and low data rate assure that the signals are received by the receiving station at the highest reliability, they cannot be used without having negative effect on network operation. For example, because high transmit power enables the transmitted signal to be received at distances far away from the transmitter, this prevents the same frequency channel to be used for making other connections between other stations within the range of the high power transmit signal. Furthermore, transmission at a lower data rate typically uses higher energy than at a higher data rate, while requiring a longer period of time for transmitting the same amount of data that could be transmitted quicker at a higher data rate. [0006] Accordingly, a need exists for a system and method for selecting the most appropriate transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted over a link between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for adaptively controlling the transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network. [0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for selecting an appropriate transmit power and data rate at which a communication signal is transmitted over a link between nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network based on factors such as variations in path loss in the link, fading conditions, noise level estimation and overall link quality.
[0009] These and other objects are substantially achieved by providing a system and method for determining a power level and rate at which data is transmitted over a link between source and destination nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network. The system and method perform the operations of computing path loss in the link based on information provided to the source node from the destination node pertaining to characteristics of a message that was transmitted by the source node and received by the destination node, determining a noise factor at the destination node, and calculating the power level and rate at which the data is transmitted over the link from the source node to the destination node based on the path loss and the noise factor. More specifically, the calculating calculates the power level based on the path loss and the noise factor, and determines the rate based on the calculated power level. Furthermore, the path loss is computed dynamically as conditions of said link change over time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0010] These and other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be more readily appreciated from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0011] Fig. 1 is a conceptual block diagram of an example of an ad-hoc wireless communications network employing a system and method for evaluating the integrity of links between nodes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0012] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of components of a node employed in the network shown in Fig. 1 ;
[0013] Fig. 3 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating an example of the different types of interference than can affect a signal being transmitted from a source node to a destination node in the network shown in Fig. 1 ;
[0014] Fig. 4 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating components of the transceiver of a destination node as shown in Fig. 2, which produce a Received Signal Strength Indicator
(RSSI) and Post Detection Signal Quality (PDSQ);
[0015] Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of operations performed by the ATP in the source node to estimate the noise level at the destination node;
[0016] Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating an example of estimated noise versus the number of messages transmitted from a source node to a destination node in the network shown in Fig. 1 as calculated using noise estimation techniques according to an embodiment of the present invention as shown in the flowchart of Fig. 5; and
[0017] Fig. 7 is a graph illustrating an example of different link quality values representing the quality of a link between a source node and destination node of the network shown in Fig. 1 as calculated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0018] Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an ad-hoc packet-switched wireless communications network 100 employing an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the network 100 includes a plurality of mobile wireless user terminals 102-1 through 102-n (referred to generally as nodes or mobile nodes 102), and a fixed network 104 having a plurality of access points 106-1, 106-2, ...106-n (referred to generally as nodes or access points 106), for providing the nodes 102 with access to the fixed network 104. The fixed network 104 includes, for example, a core local access network (LAN), and a plurality of servers and gateway routers, to thus provide the nodes 102 with access to other networks, such as other ad-hoc networks, the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and the Internet. The network 100 further includes a plurality of fixed routers 107-1 through 107-n (referred to generally as nodes or fixed routers 107) for routing data packets between other nodes 102, 106 or 107.
[0019] As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the nodes 102, 106 and 107 are capable of communicating with each other directly, or via one or more other nodes 102, 106 or' 107 operating as a router or routers for data packets being sent between nodes 102, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,943,322 to Mayor and in U.S. patent application Serial Nos. 09/897,790, 09/815,157 and 09/815,164, referenced above. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, each node 102, 106 and 107 includes a transceiver 108 which is coupled to an antenna 110 and is capable of receiving and transmitting signals, such as packetized data signals, to and from the node 102, 106 or 107, under the control of a controller 112. The packetized data signals can include, for example, voice, data or multimedia.
[0020] Each node 102, 106 and 107 further includes a memory 114, such as a random access memory (RAM), that is capable of storing, among other things, routing information pertaining to itself and other nodes 102, 106 or 107 in the network 100. The nodes 102, 106 and 107 exchange their respective routing information, referred to as routing advertisements or routing table information, with each other via a broadcasting mechanism periodically, for example, when a new node 102 enters the network 100, or when existing nodes 102 in the network 100 move. A node 102, 106 or 107 will broadcast its routing table updates, and nearby nodes 102, 106 or 107 will only receive the broadcast routing table updates if within broadcast range (e.g., radio frequency (RF) range) of the broadcasting node 102, 106 or 107. For example, assuming that nodes 102-1, 102-2 and 102-7 are within the RF broadcast range of node 102-6, when node 102-6 broadcasts its routing table information, that information is received by nodes 102-1, 102-2 and 102-7. However, if nodes 102-3, 102-4 and 102-5 through 102-n are out of the broadcast range, none of those nodes will receive the broadcast routing table information from node 102-6.
[0021] The manner in which a node 102, 106 or 107 controls transmission of data packets to another node 102, 106 and 107 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will now be described. Specifically, when a node 102, 106 or 107 is to transmit data packets to another node, the controller 112 of the transmitting node 102, 106 or 107 will control the transceiver 108 to transmit the data packets at a particular transmit power and data rate. Adaptive Control of the Transmit Power (ATP) is the algorithm performed by the controller 112 of the transmitting node 102, 106 or 107 that is responsible for identifying the transmit power and data rate that can be used for assuring the most reliable reception at correspondent site while using as little energy as possible, as will now be described.
[0022] For example, Fig. 3 shows a typical data transfer in ad-hoc environment between two stations (e.g., nodes 102, 106 or 107 shown in Fig. 1) identified as the Source Terminal and the Destination Terminal. The reception at each end of the connection could be affected by adverse conditions. Between the Source Terminal and the Destination Terminal, the signal strength suffers a loss due to propagation (i.e., free space loss) and environment absorption (i.e., vegetation, buildings, fixed or moving objects). Furthermore, sources of electromagnetic radiation transmitting signals or noise on the same frequency band as the received signal can adversely affect the received signal. In addition, the received signal may also arrive following more than one route, which causes signal fading. In summary, many conditions may prevent the transmitted message from being always received correctly. [0023] As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, when the Source Terminal has some data to transmit to the Destination Terminal, the Source Terminal sends a Ready to Send (RTS) message as shown in Fig. 3. If the Destination Terminal is ready to receive the data, it answers with the Clear To Send (CTS) message. However, the Destination Terminal may answer with a Not Clear to Send (NCTS) message if there is no data channel available at the time. Furthermore, it is possible that the Destination Terminal does not answer the RTS request because the Destination Terminal does not receive the RTS request, for example, when the Destination Terminal is busy receiving or transmitting different data, or if the interference at the Destination Terminal is too strong. In this event, the Source Terminal resends the RTS message after a random period of time.
[0024] If the Destination Terminal answers with a CTS message, the Source Terminal tunes on data channel and starts sending data. On the other end of the connection, the Destination Terminal tunes on the same data channel and starts receiving that transmitted data.
[0025] When the data transfer is completed, the Destination Terminal answers back with an Acknowledgment (ACK) message if it received the data correctly, or a Not Acknowledgment (NACK) message if any of the data was received with errors. Both messages contain information about the quality of the received message, such as a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Post Detection Signal Quality (PDSQ), Bit Error Rate (BER) and the multipath count (MPC). If, however, after successfully exchanging RTS and CTS messages, the Destination Terminal is not able to receive any data due to, for example, strong interference from another neighbor or signal fading during the reception of the sync sequence, the Destination Terminal cannot synchronize on the transmitted signal and thus cannot answer the Source Terminal with an ACK or NACK message. After waiting for a period of time, the Source Terminal determines that there is no response from the Destination Terminal (i.e., a "NO RESPONSE" condition), and re-sends the RTS message after a random delay.
[0026] The role of ATP in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is to control the data rate and the transmit power when transferring data from the Source Terminal to the Destination Terminal in such way that the highest possible data rate is used, the lowest energy is used, and the transmit power and data rate are computed to assure at least a 90% probability that the Destination Terminal will correctly receive the message. As can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the reliability (i.e., probability of receiving data correctly) of 100% can be achieved only when using infinite energy, meaning that 100% reliability is not practical. ATP in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention uses as much energy as 'needed for achieving more than 90% reliability for each individual transmission. When a data packet is not received by the Destination Terminal, the same data packet is retransmitted up to five times in this example, which realizes a probability of about 99.999% that the data packet will be correctly received by the Destination Terminal. [0027] In order to determine the proper transmit energy, the ATP computes or estimates several elements associated to the quality of the received signal, namely, dynamic variation of the path loss, fading span and noise level at the Destination Terminal, as will now be described.
[0028] Path Loss
[0029] In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, path loss is computed as the difference between the power level of the received signal and the power used for transmitting the received signal. The power used for transmitting the message is known from the history associated with the Destination Terminal, and the signal strength at the Destination Terminal is characterized by the RSSI, PDSQ and MPC. The Destination Terminal includes information pertaining to the RSSI, PDSQ and MPC in the ACK and NACK messages that the Destination Terminal sends to the Source Terminal. [0030] The level of the received signal is computed based on RSSI and PDSQ measurements. Both measurements are readings of A/D converters in the transceiver 108 (see Fig. 4) of the Destination Terminal, and are scaled to [0:31] range in this example. That is, in this example, the ACK and NACK messages each have reserved 5 bits for RSSI and PDSQ measurements which allows the representation of 32 distinct values, namely, the values ranging from 00000 (decimal "0") through 11111 (decimal "31"). The strength of the received signal is estimated using linear approximations, and is computed from RSSI data only when RSSI has a large value. Specifically, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art and as shown in Fig. 4, the RSSI count is a measure of the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) signal that controls the radio frequency (RF) amplification of the received energy. [0031] Specifically, the AGC maintains the received signal as constant as possible at detection/demodulation. A first A/D converter provides the numerical expression of the value of AGC, which is the RSSI. The level of the signal leaving the detection stage DET is also sampled with a second A/D converter to provide the PDSQ. As long as the received signal is strong enough, PDSQ is constant or relatively constant. A stronger received signal results in a higher AGC and RSSI. However, when the received signal is weak, AGC and RSSI are zero, and PDSQ becomes smaller than the constant value characterizing the reception of a strong signal. Accordingly, when RSSI has small values, PDSQ is used instead of RSSI for computing the received signal strength. [0032] Dynamic Variation of the Path Loss
[0033] The instantaneous path loss between the Source and Destination Terminals is computed as the difference between the transmitting power at which the signal is transmitted by the Source Terminal and the signal strength at which the transmitted signal is received by the Destination Terminal. The signal strength is evaluated based on the information provided to the Source Terminal in the ACK or NACK messages sent by the Destination Terminal. Subtracting the strength of the received signal from the level of the transmit power provides the value of the path loss, which includes the free space loss as well as the absorption caused by a medium as discussed above. In a mobile environment, the distance between the Source and Destination Terminals changes continuously, meaning that the path loss also changes. ATP tries to predict the variation of the path loss in time by estimating the coefficients of the equation: pl(t) = f0 + -t0) (1) where t0 is the time when the first message was transmitted to the Destination Terminal, and t the time that the present message is being sent. The coefficients^ and // of this function are computed using the Least Square Method (LSM) which is known in the art, but any linear or non-linear model can be used. The method has as scope to find the values of the two parameters To and f for which
σ2 = ∑(/0 +/;fo - -R )) (2)
has the smallest value (the smallest square of sigma). The smallest value of sigma is achieved when its derivative in relation with fo and f are zero. This condition provides a system of two equation with two unknown variables f and /} described below. Solving the system provides the values of the two parameters fo and /.
[0034] If the connection between two neighbors (e.g., the Source and Destination Terminals) is active for long time, the elements of the LSM matrix can become very large and make it relatively impossible to consider new data. On the other hand, old data is not necessarily accurate anymore and should not be used for making current decisions. Hence, ATP employs the "forget factor" which allows the ATP algorithm to forget the information collected more than a certain length of time ago, by providing each measurement with a variable weight that decreases with time as will now be described.
[0035] Specifically, at time t„, the instantaneous path loss is pl„. At that moment the LSM matrix has four elements
Figure imgf000011_0001
After receiving n measurements, the associated matrix for LSM while using the forget factor w with the property 0<w<i for weighting each measurement, is: *ι,ι ~ Σ w
;=0
.=0 a__ = (t, -to)2^' (3) ι=0
Figure imgf000012_0001
[0036] The process is continuous and the matrix should be updated when receiving any new set of data. Also, the recursive form of previous equations is: a^ = a^-l)w + \
Figure imgf000012_0002
b =ti?-l)w + pl[t, -ts)
[0037] In the general case, the aj element of the LSM matrix is equal to the number of measurements considered in computation. However, in the present embodiment, the value of
a 1 1 at step n is equal to . For very large values of n and because w<l,
Figure imgf000012_0003
the value of aj i element becomes almost equal to . This means that the
Figure imgf000012_0004
"forgetting" procedure presented here has almost the same effect as applying the LSM to data associated to a sliding window of size s=l/(l-w). In other words, if a sliding window of size s is used for computing the path loss, the value of the "forget factor" must be equal to a window having the size w = (s-l)/s. Nevertheless, the technique according to the embodiment of the present invention provides almost the same result as the sliding window, and the processing is faster and does not require to store old data. More than that, the most recent collected data has higher weight in computing the values of the two parameters fo and fι than old data. As mentioned before, the "forget factor" is a positive number smaller than one and very close to one. For a window of 1000 measurements, the size of the "forget factor" is w = (1000-1)/! 000 = 0.999. [0038] The Span of Short Term Fading
[0039] From one measurement to another, the path loss presents significant variations. Specifically, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, these variations are caused by multiple factors that include the speed of change of the distance between the Source and Destination Terminals, the speed of various objects moving between Source and Destination Terminals, and so on. The variation has a random character, but its standard deviation is relatively constant for long time.
[0040] After computing the f0 and ; coefficients in the manner described above, ATP identifies the error of the last measurement, which is represented by the difference between the path loss computed by equation (1) above and the path loss computed from the feedback (i.e., RSSI and PDSQ) provided by the Destination Terminal, and then computes the standard deviation of errors. The size of the signal span is computed from the standard deviation of individual measurements that is filtered with Infinite Input Filter (IIF) for preventing sudden jumps.
[0041] Noise Level Estimation
[0042] If the Destination Terminal is close to a noise source, the received signal may be affected in two ways: (a) not all bits of the message are received correctly, and (b) the value of RSSI is larger than normal due to the high level of electromagnetic radiation. As will now be described with regard to the flowchart shown in Fig. 5 and the graph shown in Fig. 6, ATP attempts to estimate of the noise level at the Destination Terminal based on frequency of "NAK" and "NO RESPONSE" cases in opposition to "ACK" cases as discussed above. [0043] As shown in step 1000 in the flowchart, the noise is estimated using three variables that change value every time a new data is received. These variables are the noise level, the upward correction and the downward correction. The noise level variable shows the currently estimated level of noise. The estimated noise could be smaller than the real level, larger than the real level, or almost correct. The upward and downward corrections are limited by bottom limits which, in this example, are 0.1 dB for the upward correction and 0.0001 dB for the downward correction. The noise level variable in this example begins at zero. The values of these variables are indications of the relation between the estimated level of noise and the real noise level. No more than one of these variables is larger than its bottom limit at any time. When the upward correction is larger than its bottom limit, the estimated noise is probably smaller than the real noise level. However, when the downward correction is larger than its bottom limit, the estimated noise is probably larger than the real noise level. When both variables are at bottom limit, there is no significant noise at correspondent site. The values of these corrections are continuously changing according with the type of occurring situation (favorable or not favorable) as explained below.
[0044] When a favorable situation occurs (e.g., the Source Terminal receives an ACK message) in step 1010, the action that the controller 112 of the Source Terminal takes depends on the value of upward correction. If it is determined in step 1020 that the upward correction is higher than its bottom limit (i.e., 0.1), the upward correction is reduced to half (or by any other suitable factor) and is subtracted from the noise level in step 1030. In step 1040, the noise level is then determined to be either zero if the noise level calculated in step 1030 is negative, or the noise level calculated in step 1030 if it is a positive value. However, the noise level cannot be negative and can never exceed the maximum noise level MAX_NOISE, which can be any suitable value such as 50 dB. These conditions are represented by the function max(0, min(noise, MAX SfOISE)) in step 1040. If is determined in step 1020 that the upward correction is smaller or at the bottom limit, in step 1050, the upward correction is reset to 0.1, the noise level is decreased by the downward correction and the downward correction is increased by 10%, or by any other suitable factor. The noise value is then selected in step 1040, and the ATP waits for another message in step 1060. The process returns to step 1010 and repeats when another message is received. [0045] On the contrary, when an unfavorable situation occurs (e.g., the Source Terminal receives an NAK message or NO RESPONSE is detected) in step 1010, the process proceeds to step 1070 where the value of the upward correction is doubled (or increased by any other suitable factor) and is added to the noise level while the downward correction is reset to its bottom limit of 0.0001. The process then proceeds to step 1040 where the noise level is determined as discussed above, and then to step 1060 to await receipt of another message. [0046] As can be appreciated from this description, the algorithm searches for the estimation of the noise level with steps increasing exponentially with the power of two (or any other suitable factor). Hence, the noise level can be identified quickly when a sequence of unfavorable situations occur. Once the noise level is identified, the algorithm maintains the noise level estimate almost constant for some time. Afterward, the algorithm begins attempting to determine if the noise source is still active or not by slowly reducing the estimated noise level. If the attempt is successful, the speed of reduction increases until the new noise level is found or until the estimated noise level becomes zero. [0047] Apparently, the estimation of the noise level value is continuously changed, because at every step, one of the two corrections is either added or subtracted to the previous noise level value. In fact, the two corrections have exponential variations and, when the noise level is correctly identified, they have very small values. Accordingly, when the noise level is correctly identified, the corrections that are applied to the noise level are so small that they have no practical significance.
[0048] Fig. 6 is a graph illustrating an example of the manner in which the noise detection process described above with regard to the flowchart in Fig. 5 is used to dynamically estimate the noise level. For example, for the first message, the actual noise at the Destination Terminal causes the Destination Terminal to send a NACK message to the Source Terminal. The upward correction is then set to (0.1 * 2) or 0.2 in step 1070 and, when added to the initial estimated noise value of zero, the noise value becomes 0.2. The Source Terminal then adjusts the transmission power as discussed in the "Power Computation" section below when sending the second message. However, the actual noise still causes the Destination Terminal to send a NACK message to the Source Terminal. The upward correction is then set to (0.2 * 2) or 0.4 in step 1070 and, when added to the noise value of 0.2 calculated for the previous message, the new noise value becomes 0.6. [0049] This process repeats as indicated, until the power level is adjusted to such a level (i.e., to compensate for an actual noise level of +12 dB in this example) which results in the Destination Terminal sending an ACK message to the Source Terminal. In this example, this occurs by the time the sixth message is sent, which results in an estimated noise value of 12.6 dB according to the calculations discussed above. Hence, when the seventh message is sent, the power level is sufficient to result in the Destination Terminal sending an ACK message. The process shown in Fig. 5 thus proceeds from step 1010 to step 1020 and, because the upward correction value has risen to 6.4 which is over 0.1, the process proceeds from step 1020 to step 1030. The upward correction value is then halved to 3.2 and subtracted from the noise value, to result in a noise value of (12.6 - 3.2) or 9.4. The power level is then decreased accordingly for sending the eighth message. However, because the power level has been lowered too much, a NACK message will be sent by the Destination Terminal. This results in the process proceeding to step 1070 where the upward correction value is doubled to 6.4 and added to the noise level of 9.4 to result in a noise level of 15.8. [0050] When the power is thus increased for sending the ninth message, the power level ' will be sufficient to result in the Destination Terminal receiving the message and sending an ACK message to the Source Terminal. Hence, the process proceeds from step 1010 to step 1020, to step 1030 where the upward correction value of 6.4 is halved to 3.2 and subtracted from the noise value of 15.8, resulting in a noise value of 12.6. It is noted that the power level for the next message will still result in an ACK message being received. Hence, for that message, the process will proceed from step 1010 to step 1020, to step 1030 where the upward correction value will be halved again to 1.6 and subtracted from the noise value. The noise value will thus be reduced to 11.0. However, as can be appreciated from the graph shown in Fig. 6 and the flowchart of Fig. 5, the estimated noise value will stabilize at the actual noise value, which in this example is +12 dB. When the upward correction value is halved enough times to be below the bottom limit of 0.1, when the process reaches step 1020, it will proceed to step 1050 where the downward correction will be used to reduce the noise value by a much smaller amount.
[0051] As can be appreciated from the above, the sudden activation of noise source prevented seven of the first ten messages from being received by the Destination Terminal. From that moment, the reliability increased to more then 90%. As indicated in Fig. 6, noise of +12 dB over the receiver sensitivity is received at the Destination Terminal during the first 50 messages. For the rest of the time, no noise is present. That is, in this example, the noise at the Destination Terminal disappears by the time the 50th message has been sent. Although the noise stopped when message 50 was transmitted, the nature of the noise evaluator as shown in the flowchart of Fig. 5 begins to lower the estimated noise level significantly only after receiving 30 successive unaffected messages, that is, beginning at message 80, due to the small size of the downward correction value and the small amount (i.e., 10%) by which it is increased for every message. [0052] Power Computation
[0053] The ATP computes the theoretical transmit power as a summation of the estimated noise level (increased by 10%), the path loss at the specified time, the receiver sensitivity at maximum data rate (i.e., the noise floor) and two times the fading span. Since the fading span is the same or substantially the same as the standard deviation of the path loss, using two times its value gives the certainty that 95.4% of messages are received at a level higher than the receiver sensitivity, as indicated by the following equation:
TTxP(t) = noise * 1.1 + pl(t) + NoiseFloor(6) + 2 * Span (5)
[0054] The theoretical transmit power could be larger or smaller than the maximum power that the transmitter can provide. The computed transmit power TxP(t) is equal to the theoretical transmit power if it is within the power range the transmitter can provide, as indicated by the following equations:
7xR(t) = min( 4X _ POWER, max( ZN _ POWER, TTxP)) TxP(t) > pFTxP => TxP(t)
n' W(t)<Pxp w ' la ++ apFTxP m
\ highspeed => 0.1 a - \
[slowSpeed => 0.007
[0055] Depending on relationship between the computed transmit power TxP and the filtered transmit power used in previous transmission pFTxP, the filtered transmit power EExR is either computed from the transmit power using the IIF associated to the speed of path loss variation, or is considered as it is. This asymmetric filter allows maintaining high reliability when sudden adverse events happen. [0056] Data Rate Computation
[0057] If the theoretical transmit power is smaller than the maximum transmit power, the maximum data rate is used and the theoretical power is equal to the filtered FTxP transmit power. However, if the theoretical transmit power TTxP is larger than the highest power the transmitter can provide, the excess of power is compensated by lowering the data rate DR, as indicated by the following equation:
_ (TTxP > MAX_POWER => RateIndex(TTxP - MAX _POWER) ~ [TTxP ≤ MAX _ POWER =-> 6
Figure imgf000017_0001
[0058] The return values of the Ratelndex function are resulting from the conversion of the transmit energy per bit for each data rate. The data transfer rate for a rate index of 6 is 6 MBPS and is used as a reference. The data rate for a rate index of 5 is associated with a data transfer rate of 4 MBPS. The relative energy at 4 MBPS is 10*log10(6/4) = 1.760913 dB. The other values correspond to 3 MBPS for a rate index of 4, and 1.5 MBPS for a rate index of 3. Lower data rates are used only for control messages, and not for data transfer. [0059] It is noted that the data rate computed in accordance with Equation (7) is filtered using IIF with parameters specific with the speed of path loss change, as indicated by the following equation: pFDR + DR*β
FDR -. β slowSpeed-=$ .1 [fastSpeed =-> .05 TXDR = [FDR] where the transmitted data rate TxDR is the ceiling of filtered data rate FDR. It is noted that although only cases for slow and fast speeds are shown as an example, the computation of the parameters can have any number of discrete steps, or can be continuously adaptable.
[0060] Power and Data Rate Filtering
[0061] The computed power and data rate are filtered using IIF for assuring a smooth change of values. The data rate filter is symmetrical, but the power filter is asymmetrical, assuring fast reaction to sudden adverse changes in environment with slow recovery, thus maintaining the reliability of connection to at least 90%.
[0062] Fast and Slow Movement
[0063] As indicated above, the ATP uses two sets of parameters for filtering the transmit power and data rate. The selection of the proper set of parameters depends on the value of//, which represents the variation of the path loss as indicated above. If \fι\>=.0015 dB/ms, it is considered that the path loss variation is caused by a fast moving vehicle. The differentiation between "fast" and "slow" movement improves the overall quality of the control.
[0064] Link Quality
[0065] In addition to determining the transmit power level and data transmit rate as discussed above, the ATP further provides information about the quality of the link between
Source and Destination Terminals. This information can be used for predicting the behavior of an active the link in next few seconds or when considering the link for participating in a communication route.
[0066] The index of link quality ILQ is defined as:
ILQ(t) = MAX POWER - FTxP(t) + 6.02 - Gain(TxDR)
[0067] As indicated in the graph of Fig. 5, the ILQ is equal with the maximum power increased with 6.02 (the gain for using the lowest data rate) minus the actual used transmit power and the actual gain converted to dB. The ILQ indicates the amount of unused theoretical power for the link. This measure is complementary to the link resistance that measures the currently used energy.
[0068] One second predicted link quality PLQ1, which is also shown graphically in Fig. 5, is computed as:
PLQ1 = ILQ - I,000f_
with the/; factor representing the variation of the path loss measured in dB/ms.
[0069] The five second predicted link quality PLQ5 shown in the graph of Fig. 5 is computed as follows:
PLQ5 = ILQ- 5,000fι
with the variation of link quality being presented in Fig. 5 at a scale that allows representation as 8 bits numbers, instead of dB.
[0070] The Index of Link Quality is useful for judging the current resistance of the link. Small values of ILQ indicate that the link has substantial resistance and may break at any time. The one-second prediction of link quality provides more information in such case. Specifically, smaller than ILQ values of PRQ1 indicate that the link has the tendency to become weaker in time. A negative value of PRQ1 indicates that the link may not be available after one second, and that the route using the link, if any, must be rerouted. On the contrary, values of PRQ1 larger than ILQ indicate that the link quality is improving and, despite the fact it is weak now, it will become better after one second. [0071] The five-second prediction of link quality is useful when a link is considered for being selected as participant in a route. Large values of PLQ5 indicate that the route will be healthy for at least five seconds from now, and can thus be selected for participating in a route. Smaller or negative values of the PLQ5 indicate that the link will become weak or unavailable in less than five seconds and should not be considered as a hop in a new route. [0072] It is further noted that the ATP controls the transmission between the Source Terminal and the Destination Terminal, which is only one link in the chain that is the route between the initial source of data and the final destination. The link quality is the set of information that ATP provides to other software components of the terminal for assuring a high reliability of the network as a system of terminals.
[0073] Although only a few exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A method for determining at least one of a power level and rate at which data is transmitted over a link between source and destination nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network, comprising: computing path loss in said link based on information provided to said source node from said destination node pertaining to characteristics of a message that was transmitted by said source node for receipt by said destination node; determining a noise factor representative of noise at said destination node; and calculating at least one of said power level and rate at which said data is transmitted over said link from said source node to said destination node based on said path loss and said noise factor.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said calculating includes calculating said power level and said rate.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said calculating includes calculating said power level based on said path loss and said noise factor, and determining said rate based on said calculated power level.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said computing computes said path loss dynamically as conditions of said link change over time.
5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said noise factor determining determines said noise factor dynamically based on respective message information provided to said source node from said destination node in response to each of a plurality of said messages transmitted by said source node.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said noise factor determining comprises: increasing or decreasing an estimated noise factor based on each said respective message information for said plurality of messages to realize said noise factor.
7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said calculating includes calculating at least one of said power level and said rate based on said path loss, said noise factor, short term fading experienced by said message and sensitivity of a receiver of said destination node.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: computing said short term fading based on a standard deviation of a strength at which said message is received by said receiver of said destination node.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, further comprising: computing said receiver sensitivity based on energy used by a transmitter of said source node to transmit a bit of information of said message at a particular data rate.
10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said noise factor determining determines said noise factor based on a level of correctness at which a receiver of said destination node receives said message.
11. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: calculating a quality of a link over which said message is sent from said source node to said destination node based on said calculated power level and said rate.
12. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: said calculating calculates said data rate based on an amount of energy used by a transmitter of said source node to transmit a bit of information of said message.
13. A computer-readable medium of instructions, adapted to determining at least one of a power level and rate at which data is transmitted over a link between source and destination nodes in a wireless ad-hoc communication network, said instructions comprising: a first set of instructions, adapted to compute path loss in said link based on information provided to said source node from said destination node pertaining to characteristics of a message that was transmitted by said source node for receipt by said destination node; a second set of instructions, adapted to determine a noise factor representative of noise at said destination node; and a third set of instructions, adapted to calculate at least one of said power level and rate at which said data is transmitted over said link from said source node to said destination node based on said path loss and said noise factor.
14. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said third set of instructions is adapted to calculate said power level and said rate.
15. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said third set of instructions is adapted to calculate said power level based on said path loss and said noise factor, and to determine said rate based on said calculated power level.
16. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said first set of instructions is adapted to compute said path loss dynamically as conditions of said link change over time.
17. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said second set of instructions is adapted to determine said noise factor dynamically based on respective message information provided to said source node from said destination node in response to each of a plurality of said messages transmitted by said source node.
18. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 17, wherein: said second set of instructions is adapted to increase or decrease an estimated noise factor based on each said respective message information for said plurality of messages to realize said noise factor.
19. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said third set of instructions is further adapted to calculate at least one of said power level and said rate based on said path loss, said noise factor, short term fading experienced by said message and sensitivity of a receiver of said destination node.
20. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 19, further comprising: a fourth set of instructions, adapted to compute said short term fading based on a standard deviation of a strength at which said message is received by said receiver of said destination node.
21. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 19, further comprising: a fifth set of instructions, adapted to compute said receiver sensitivity based on energy used by a transmitter of said source node to transmit a bit of information of said message at a particular data rate.
22. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said second set of instructions is adapted to determine said noise factor based on a level of correctness at which a receiver of said destination node receives said message.
23. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: a fifth set of instructions, adapted to calculate a quality of a link over which said message is sent from said source node to said destination node based on said calculated power level and said rate.
24. A computer-readable medium of instructions as claimed in claim 13, wherein: said third set of instructions calculates said data rate based on an amount of energy used by a transmitter of said source node to transmit a bit of information of said message.
PCT/US2003/007516 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 A system and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network WO2003079611A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002479014A CA2479014A1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 A system and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network
JP2003577479A JP4308022B2 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 System and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad hoc communication network
KR1020047014546A KR100968079B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 System and Method for Providing Adaptive Control of Transmit Power and Data Rate in AD-HOC Networks
DE60332217T DE60332217D1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING ADAPTIVE TRANSMISSION AND DATA RATE CONTROL IN AD HOC NETWORKS
AT03744645T ATE465574T1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF TRANSMIT POWER AND DATA RATE IN AD-HOC NETWORKS
AU2003216556A AU2003216556A1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 A system and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network
EP03744645A EP1486032B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 System and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in ad-hoc networks

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/087,016 US6904021B2 (en) 2002-03-15 2002-03-15 System and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network
US10/087,016 2002-03-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003079611A1 true WO2003079611A1 (en) 2003-09-25
WO2003079611A8 WO2003079611A8 (en) 2004-04-08

Family

ID=28038784

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2003/007516 WO2003079611A1 (en) 2002-03-15 2003-03-12 A system and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in an ad-hoc communication network

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US6904021B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1486032B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4308022B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100968079B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE465574T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003216556A1 (en)
CA (1) CA2479014A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60332217D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2003079611A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006033601A (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Transmission power setting method in terminal device for ad hoc radio communications network, terminal device for ad hoc radio communications network used for the transmission power setting, and the ad hoc radio communications network
EP1884041A2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2008-02-06 Meshnetworks, Inc. Method and system for controlling the transmission power of at least one node in a wireless network
JP2008538682A (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-10-30 インターデイジタル テクノロジー コーポレーション Method and apparatus for generating loud packets to estimate path loss
WO2010053688A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Transmit power control based on receiver gain setting in a wireless communication network
CN102027783A (en) * 2008-05-16 2011-04-20 法国电信公司 Technique for broadcasting via a communication network node
US8289190B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2012-10-16 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Adaptive communication method and sensor node for performing the method
US11706687B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2023-07-18 Chongqing University Of Posts And Telecommunications IPV6 node mobility management method based on RPL routing protocol

Families Citing this family (60)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6978151B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2005-12-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Updating path loss estimation for power control and link adaptation in IEEE 802.11h WLAN
US7379434B2 (en) * 2001-10-19 2008-05-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Radio communication system
WO2003075471A2 (en) 2002-03-01 2003-09-12 Cognio, Inc. System and method for joint maximal ratio combining
US6862456B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-03-01 Cognio, Inc. Systems and methods for improving range for multicast wireless communication
US6785520B2 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-08-31 Cognio, Inc. System and method for antenna diversity using equal power joint maximal ratio combining
US6687492B1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2004-02-03 Cognio, Inc. System and method for antenna diversity using joint maximal ratio combining
US6871049B2 (en) * 2002-03-21 2005-03-22 Cognio, Inc. Improving the efficiency of power amplifiers in devices using transmit beamforming
US8780770B2 (en) * 2002-05-13 2014-07-15 Misonimo Chi Acquisition L.L.C. Systems and methods for voice and video communication over a wireless network
US7069483B2 (en) * 2002-05-13 2006-06-27 Kiyon, Inc. System and method for identifying nodes in a wireless mesh network
US7852796B2 (en) * 2002-05-13 2010-12-14 Xudong Wang Distributed multichannel wireless communication
US7941149B2 (en) * 2002-05-13 2011-05-10 Misonimo Chi Acquistion L.L.C. Multi-hop ultra wide band wireless network communication
US7835372B2 (en) * 2002-05-13 2010-11-16 Weilin Wang System and method for transparent wireless bridging of communication channel segments
US7957356B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2011-06-07 Misomino Chi Acquisitions L.L.C. Scalable media access control for multi-hop high bandwidth communications
US7742443B2 (en) * 2002-05-28 2010-06-22 Maarten Menzo Wentink Transmit power management in shared-communications channel networks
US6898193B2 (en) * 2002-06-20 2005-05-24 Qualcomm, Incorporated Adaptive gain adjustment control
EP1609319A1 (en) * 2003-02-24 2005-12-28 AutoCell Laboratories, Inc. Distance determination system and method for use by devices in a wireless network
US7477627B2 (en) * 2003-09-10 2009-01-13 Intel Corporation Method and device of adaptive control of data rate, fragmentation and request to send protection in wireless networks
US8687607B2 (en) * 2003-10-08 2014-04-01 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for feedback reporting in a wireless communications system
US7346364B1 (en) * 2003-10-29 2008-03-18 Intel Corporation Power and data rate control in a multi-rate wireless system
DE10350907B3 (en) * 2003-10-31 2005-05-04 Siemens Ag A method, radio station and computer program product for accessing radio resources in an ad hoc radio communication system
US7519371B2 (en) * 2004-02-09 2009-04-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-hop communications in a wireless network
WO2006006117A1 (en) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-19 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Data transmission in a communication network
JP2008507884A (en) * 2004-07-22 2008-03-13 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Controller unit, communication apparatus, communication system, and communication method between mobile nodes
KR100856178B1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2008-09-03 메시네트웍스, 인코포레이티드 System and method for detecting transient links in multi-hop wireless networks
WO2006017699A2 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-16 Meshnetworks, Inc. Bandwidth efficient system and method for ranging nodes in a wireless communication network
US7408911B2 (en) * 2004-11-08 2008-08-05 Meshnetworks, Inc. System and method to decrease the route convergence time and find optimal routes in a wireless communication network
US8041469B2 (en) * 2005-01-05 2011-10-18 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Determining relative spatial information between vehicles
US7702351B2 (en) 2005-02-17 2010-04-20 Qualcomm Incorporated System and method for global power control
US20060187874A1 (en) * 2005-02-24 2006-08-24 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for supporting data flow control in a wireless mesh network
US7477913B2 (en) * 2005-04-04 2009-01-13 Research In Motion Limited Determining a target transmit power of a wireless transmission according to security requirements
US7764635B2 (en) * 2005-04-26 2010-07-27 Telcordia Technologies, Inc. Cross-layer self-healing in a wireless ad-hoc network
US20060246938A1 (en) 2005-05-02 2006-11-02 Nokia Corporation Power control in a communication network
US20070032245A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-08 Alapuranen Pertti O Intelligent transportation system and method
US7542421B2 (en) * 2005-09-09 2009-06-02 Tropos Networks Adaptive control of transmission power and data rates of transmission links between access nodes of a mesh network
JP2007124048A (en) * 2005-10-25 2007-05-17 Ntt Docomo Inc Communication control apparatus and communication control method
US8411616B2 (en) 2005-11-03 2013-04-02 Piccata Fund Limited Liability Company Pre-scan for wireless channel selection
US8068428B2 (en) * 2005-11-09 2011-11-29 Meshnetworks, Inc. System and method for performing topology control in a wireless network
US7693119B2 (en) * 2005-12-09 2010-04-06 Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. Transmission power control over a wireless ad-hoc network
US7583625B2 (en) * 2006-04-06 2009-09-01 Broadcom Corporation Access point multi-level transmission power and protocol control based on the exchange of characteristics
KR100818228B1 (en) * 2006-03-28 2008-04-01 삼성전자주식회사 Routing method considering power and delay in wireless ad hoc network and the same device
KR100777322B1 (en) 2006-04-17 2007-11-20 인하대학교 산학협력단 Method for Effective Video Data Transmission using Cross-Layer Protocol in Wireless Ad hoc Networks
US20080019334A1 (en) * 2006-07-24 2008-01-24 Stewart Lane Adams Minimization of In-Band Noise in a WLAN Network
US8175613B2 (en) * 2006-08-04 2012-05-08 Misonimo Chi Acquisitions L.L.C. Systems and methods for determining location of devices within a wireless network
GB0622829D0 (en) * 2006-11-15 2006-12-27 Cambridge Silicon Radio Ltd Transmission rate selection
GB0622830D0 (en) * 2006-11-15 2006-12-27 Cambridge Silicon Radio Ltd Transmission rate selection
US8040857B2 (en) * 2006-12-07 2011-10-18 Misonimo Chi Acquisitions L.L.C. System and method for timeslot and channel allocation
US7983230B1 (en) 2007-07-11 2011-07-19 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Adaptive power and data rate control for ad-hoc mobile wireless systems
US7949315B2 (en) * 2007-09-25 2011-05-24 Broadcom Corporation Power consumption management and data rate control based on transmit power and method for use therewith
US8656415B2 (en) * 2007-10-02 2014-02-18 Conexant Systems, Inc. Method and system for removal of clicks and noise in a redirected audio stream
KR20090070823A (en) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-01 주식회사 디앤에스 테크놀로지 Reducing method of electric power at wireless sensor network
US8145164B2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2012-03-27 Qualcomm Incorporated Methods and apparatus for handling a signaling message the relates to transmission rate restrictions
US8225162B2 (en) * 2008-08-26 2012-07-17 Motorola Mobility, Inc. Method and apparatus for power control in a wireless communication system
US8451726B2 (en) * 2008-12-31 2013-05-28 Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. Link adaptation in wireless networks
US8406712B2 (en) * 2009-04-29 2013-03-26 Clearwire Ip Holdings Llc Extended range voice over IP WiMAX device
DE102009057773A1 (en) * 2009-12-10 2011-06-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for monitoring data transmission in a vehicle
US8958316B2 (en) * 2010-04-26 2015-02-17 Collision Communications, Inc. Power aware scheduling and power control techniques for multiuser detection enabled wireless mobile ad-hoc networks
JP5559753B2 (en) * 2011-08-01 2014-07-23 日本電信電話株式会社 Base station apparatus and radio communication method
US9271223B2 (en) * 2013-03-01 2016-02-23 Apple Inc. Adaptive filtering of cell measurements
CN111683393B (en) * 2020-05-25 2021-12-17 华中科技大学 Adaptive congestion control method for dynamically adjusting gain coefficient
US11582699B2 (en) 2021-02-15 2023-02-14 Harris Global Communications, Inc. Mobile ad hoc network providing power control and associated methods

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999007105A2 (en) 1997-08-01 1999-02-11 Salbu Research And Development (Proprietary) Limited Power adaptation in a multi-station network
US5887245A (en) * 1992-09-04 1999-03-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Method and apparatus for regulating transmission power
US5943322A (en) 1996-04-24 1999-08-24 Itt Defense, Inc. Communications method for a code division multiple access system without a base station
US6108561A (en) * 1990-03-19 2000-08-22 Celsat America, Inc. Power control of an integrated cellular communications system
US6219343B1 (en) * 1997-07-29 2001-04-17 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Rate control techniques for efficient high speed data services
US20020058502A1 (en) 2000-11-13 2002-05-16 Peter Stanforth Ad hoc peer-to-peer mobile radio access system interfaced to the PSTN and cellular networks
US20020080750A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-06-27 Belcea John M. Time division protocol for an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer radio network having coordinating channel access to shared parallel data channels with separate reservation channel
US20020090949A1 (en) 2000-11-13 2002-07-11 Peter Stanforth Prioritized-routing for an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer, mobile radio access system
US6496543B1 (en) * 1996-10-29 2002-12-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for providing high speed data communications in a cellular environment

Family Cites Families (111)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4910521A (en) 1981-08-03 1990-03-20 Texas Instruments Incorporated Dual band communication receiver
US4494192A (en) 1982-07-21 1985-01-15 Sperry Corporation High speed bus architecture
JPS59115633A (en) 1982-12-22 1984-07-04 Toshiba Corp Information transmitting system
US4675863A (en) 1985-03-20 1987-06-23 International Mobile Machines Corp. Subscriber RF telephone system for providing multiple speech and/or data signals simultaneously over either a single or a plurality of RF channels
US4747130A (en) 1985-12-17 1988-05-24 American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories Resource allocation in distributed control systems
CA1261080A (en) 1985-12-30 1989-09-26 Shunichiro Tejima Satellite communications system with random multiple access and time slot reservation
US4742357A (en) 1986-09-17 1988-05-03 Rackley Ernie C Stolen object location system
GB2229064B (en) 1987-06-11 1990-12-12 Software Sciences Limited An area communications system
US5210846B1 (en) 1989-05-15 1999-06-29 Dallas Semiconductor One-wire bus architecture
US5555425A (en) 1990-03-07 1996-09-10 Dell Usa, L.P. Multi-master bus arbitration system in which the address and data lines of the bus may be separately granted to individual masters
US5068916A (en) 1990-10-29 1991-11-26 International Business Machines Corporation Coordination of wireless medium among a plurality of base stations
JP2692418B2 (en) 1991-05-17 1997-12-17 日本電気株式会社 Radio channel allocation method
US5369748A (en) 1991-08-23 1994-11-29 Nexgen Microsystems Bus arbitration in a dual-bus architecture where one bus has relatively high latency
US5241542A (en) 1991-08-23 1993-08-31 International Business Machines Corporation Battery efficient operation of scheduled access protocol
US5231634B1 (en) 1991-12-18 1996-04-02 Proxim Inc Medium access protocol for wireless lans
US5392450A (en) 1992-01-08 1995-02-21 General Electric Company Satellite communications system
US5896561A (en) 1992-04-06 1999-04-20 Intermec Ip Corp. Communication network having a dormant polling protocol
FR2690252B1 (en) 1992-04-17 1994-05-27 Thomson Csf METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION AND ORIENTATION OF A MOBILE, AND APPLICATIONS.
US5233604A (en) 1992-04-28 1993-08-03 International Business Machines Corporation Methods and apparatus for optimum path selection in packet transmission networks
GB9304638D0 (en) 1993-03-06 1993-04-21 Ncr Int Inc Wireless data communication system having power saving function
US5696903A (en) 1993-05-11 1997-12-09 Norand Corporation Hierarchical communications system using microlink, data rate switching, frequency hopping and vehicular local area networking
IT1270938B (en) 1993-05-14 1997-05-16 Cselt Centro Studi Lab Telecom PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL OF THE TRANSMISSION ON A SAME CHANNEL OF INFORMATION FLOWS AT VARIABLE SPEED IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS BETWEEN MOBILE VEHICLES, AND A SYSTEM USING SUCH PROCEDURE
FI933209A (en) * 1993-07-14 1995-01-15 Nokia Telecommunications Oy Procedure further regulates the transmission power of a cellular radio system and a subscriber terminal
US5317566A (en) 1993-08-18 1994-05-31 Ascom Timeplex Trading Ag Least cost route selection in distributed digital communication networks
US5631897A (en) 1993-10-01 1997-05-20 Nec America, Inc. Apparatus and method for incorporating a large number of destinations over circuit-switched wide area network connections
US5857084A (en) 1993-11-02 1999-01-05 Klein; Dean A. Hierarchical bus structure access system
US5412654A (en) 1994-01-10 1995-05-02 International Business Machines Corporation Highly dynamic destination-sequenced destination vector routing for mobile computers
JP2591467B2 (en) 1994-04-18 1997-03-19 日本電気株式会社 Access method
US5502722A (en) 1994-08-01 1996-03-26 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for a radio system using variable transmission reservation
CA2132180C (en) 1994-09-15 2001-07-31 Victor Pierobon Massive array cellular system
JP3043958B2 (en) 1994-09-29 2000-05-22 株式会社リコー Network communication method by wireless communication
US6029217A (en) 1994-10-03 2000-02-22 International Business Machines Corporation Queued arbitration mechanism for data processing system
EP0709982B1 (en) 1994-10-26 2004-06-30 International Business Machines Corporation Medium access control scheme for wireless LAN using a variable length interleaved time division frame
US5618045A (en) 1995-02-08 1997-04-08 Kagan; Michael Interactive multiple player game system and method of playing a game between at least two players
US5555540A (en) 1995-02-17 1996-09-10 Sun Microsystems, Inc. ASIC bus structure
US5796741A (en) 1995-03-09 1998-08-18 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation ATM bus system
US5572528A (en) 1995-03-20 1996-11-05 Novell, Inc. Mobile networking method and apparatus
US5634195A (en) * 1995-03-27 1997-05-27 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson System and method for setting of output power parameters in a cellular mobile telecommunication system
US5886992A (en) 1995-04-14 1999-03-23 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Frame synchronized ring system and method
US5517491A (en) 1995-05-03 1996-05-14 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling frequency deviation of a portable transceiver
US5822309A (en) 1995-06-15 1998-10-13 Lucent Technologies Inc. Signaling and control architecture for an ad-hoc ATM LAN
US5623495A (en) 1995-06-15 1997-04-22 Lucent Technologies Inc. Portable base station architecture for an AD-HOC ATM lan
US5781540A (en) 1995-06-30 1998-07-14 Hughes Electronics Device and method for communicating in a mobile satellite system
GB2303763B (en) 1995-07-26 2000-02-16 Motorola Israel Ltd Communications system and method of operation
GB9517943D0 (en) 1995-09-02 1995-11-01 At & T Corp Radio communication device and method
US6132306A (en) 1995-09-06 2000-10-17 Cisco Systems, Inc. Cellular communication system with dedicated repeater channels
US6192053B1 (en) 1995-09-07 2001-02-20 Wireless Networks, Inc. Enhanced adjacency detection protocol for wireless applications
US5615212A (en) 1995-09-11 1997-03-25 Motorola Inc. Method, device and router for providing a contention-based reservation mechanism within a mini-slotted dynamic entry polling slot supporting multiple service classes
US5805842A (en) 1995-09-26 1998-09-08 Intel Corporation Apparatus, system and method for supporting DMA transfers on a multiplexed bus
US5701294A (en) 1995-10-02 1997-12-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson System and method for flexible coding, modulation, and time slot allocation in a radio telecommunications network
US5717689A (en) 1995-10-10 1998-02-10 Lucent Technologies Inc. Data link layer protocol for transport of ATM cells over a wireless link
US5920821A (en) 1995-12-04 1999-07-06 Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. Use of cellular digital packet data (CDPD) communications to convey system identification list data to roaming cellular subscriber stations
US5991279A (en) 1995-12-07 1999-11-23 Vistar Telecommunications Inc. Wireless packet data distributed communications system
US5878036A (en) 1995-12-20 1999-03-02 Spartz; Michael K. Wireless telecommunications system utilizing CDMA radio frequency signal modulation in conjunction with the GSM A-interface telecommunications network protocol
KR100197407B1 (en) 1995-12-28 1999-06-15 유기범 Communication bus architecture between process in the full electronic switching system
US5680392A (en) 1996-01-16 1997-10-21 General Datacomm, Inc. Multimedia multipoint telecommunications reservation systems
US5684794A (en) 1996-01-25 1997-11-04 Hazeltine Corporation Validation of subscriber signals in a cellular radio network
US5706428A (en) 1996-03-14 1998-01-06 Lucent Technologies Inc. Multirate wireless data communication system
US5652751A (en) 1996-03-26 1997-07-29 Hazeltine Corporation Architecture for mobile radio networks with dynamically changing topology using virtual subnets
US5796732A (en) 1996-03-28 1998-08-18 Cisco Technology, Inc. Architecture for an expandable transaction-based switching bus
US5805977A (en) 1996-04-01 1998-09-08 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling transmissions in a two-way selective call communication system
US5845097A (en) 1996-06-03 1998-12-01 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Bus recovery apparatus and method of recovery in a multi-master bus system
US5787080A (en) 1996-06-03 1998-07-28 Philips Electronics North America Corporation Method and apparatus for reservation-based wireless-ATM local area network
SE518132C2 (en) 1996-06-07 2002-08-27 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Method and apparatus for synchronizing combined receivers and transmitters in a cellular system
US5774876A (en) 1996-06-26 1998-06-30 Par Government Systems Corporation Managing assets with active electronic tags
US5844905A (en) 1996-07-09 1998-12-01 International Business Machines Corporation Extensions to distributed MAC protocols with collision avoidance using RTS/CTS exchange
US5909651A (en) 1996-08-02 1999-06-01 Lucent Technologies Inc. Broadcast short message service architecture
US5987011A (en) 1996-08-30 1999-11-16 Chai-Keong Toh Routing method for Ad-Hoc mobile networks
JPH10117166A (en) * 1996-10-08 1998-05-06 Nec Ic Microcomput Syst Ltd Mobile body communication system
US6044062A (en) 1996-12-06 2000-03-28 Communique, Llc Wireless network system and method for providing same
US5903559A (en) 1996-12-20 1999-05-11 Nec Usa, Inc. Method for internet protocol switching over fast ATM cell transport
US5877724A (en) 1997-03-25 1999-03-02 Trimble Navigation Limited Combined position locating and cellular telephone system with a single shared microprocessor
US6052594A (en) 1997-04-30 2000-04-18 At&T Corp. System and method for dynamically assigning channels for wireless packet communications
US5881095A (en) 1997-05-01 1999-03-09 Motorola, Inc. Repeater assisted channel hopping system and method therefor
US5870350A (en) 1997-05-21 1999-02-09 International Business Machines Corporation High performance, high bandwidth memory bus architecture utilizing SDRAMs
US6240294B1 (en) 1997-05-30 2001-05-29 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Mobile radio device having adaptive position transmitting capabilities
GB2326065B (en) 1997-06-05 2002-05-29 Mentor Graphics Corp A scalable processor independent on-chip bus
US6108738A (en) 1997-06-10 2000-08-22 Vlsi Technology, Inc. Multi-master PCI bus system within a single integrated circuit
US5987033A (en) 1997-09-08 1999-11-16 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Wireless lan with enhanced capture provision
US6163699A (en) 1997-09-15 2000-12-19 Ramot University Authority For Applied Research And Industrial Development Ltd. Adaptive threshold scheme for tracking and paging mobile users
US6067291A (en) 1997-09-23 2000-05-23 Lucent Technologies Inc. Wireless local area network with enhanced carrier sense provision
US6034542A (en) 1997-10-14 2000-03-07 Xilinx, Inc. Bus structure for modularized chip with FPGA modules
US6009553A (en) 1997-12-15 1999-12-28 The Whitaker Corporation Adaptive error correction for a communications link
US5936953A (en) 1997-12-18 1999-08-10 Raytheon Company Multi-mode, multi-channel communication bus
US6047330A (en) 1998-01-20 2000-04-04 Netscape Communications Corporation Virtual router discovery system
US6065085A (en) 1998-01-27 2000-05-16 Lsi Logic Corporation Bus bridge architecture for a data processing system capable of sharing processing load among a plurality of devices
US6130881A (en) 1998-04-20 2000-10-10 Sarnoff Corporation Traffic routing in small wireless data networks
US6078566A (en) 1998-04-28 2000-06-20 Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories, Inc. Noise reduction techniques and apparatus for enhancing wireless data network telephony
US6064626A (en) 1998-07-31 2000-05-16 Arm Limited Peripheral buses for integrated circuit
US6304556B1 (en) 1998-08-24 2001-10-16 Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. Routing and mobility management protocols for ad-hoc networks
US6115580A (en) 1998-09-08 2000-09-05 Motorola, Inc. Communications network having adaptive network link optimization using wireless terrain awareness and method for use therein
US6208870B1 (en) 1998-10-27 2001-03-27 Lucent Technologies Inc. Short message service notification forwarded between multiple short message service centers
US6285892B1 (en) 1998-11-24 2001-09-04 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Data transmission system for reducing terminal power consumption in a wireless network
US6366572B1 (en) * 1999-02-04 2002-04-02 Senora Trading Company Wireless communication system with symmetric communication protocol
US6104712A (en) 1999-02-22 2000-08-15 Robert; Bruno G. Wireless communication network including plural migratory access nodes
DE69916793T2 (en) * 1999-05-21 2004-10-07 Alcatel Sa Method for improving the function of a mobile radio communication system using power control
US6147975A (en) 1999-06-02 2000-11-14 Ac Properties B.V. System, method and article of manufacture of a proactive threhold manager in a hybrid communication system architecture
US6574266B1 (en) * 1999-06-25 2003-06-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Base-station-assisted terminal-to-terminal connection setup
JP2001044930A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-16 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Device and method for radio communication
US6453168B1 (en) 1999-08-02 2002-09-17 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc Method and apparatus for determining the position of a mobile communication device using low accuracy clocks
US6275707B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2001-08-14 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for assigning location estimates from a first transceiver to a second transceiver
US6621805B1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2003-09-16 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Method and apparatus for multicasting real-time variable bit-rate traffic in wireless Ad-Hoc networks
US6327300B1 (en) 1999-10-25 2001-12-04 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for dynamic spectrum allocation
US6349091B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2002-02-19 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling communication links between network nodes to reduce communication protocol overhead traffic
US6349210B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2002-02-19 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Method and apparatus for broadcasting messages in channel reservation communication systems
US6519705B1 (en) * 1999-12-15 2003-02-11 At&T Corp. Method and system for power control in wireless networks using interference prediction with an error margin
US6456599B1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2002-09-24 Verizon Corporate Services Group Inc. Distribution of potential neighbor information through an ad hoc network
US6597723B1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2003-07-22 Interdigital Technology Corporation Weighted open loop power control in a time division duplex communication system
WO2002017511A2 (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-02-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method for the communication of information and apparatus employing the method
US6973039B2 (en) * 2000-12-08 2005-12-06 Bbnt Solutions Llc Mechanism for performing energy-based routing in wireless networks
US6978151B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2005-12-20 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Updating path loss estimation for power control and link adaptation in IEEE 802.11h WLAN

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6108561A (en) * 1990-03-19 2000-08-22 Celsat America, Inc. Power control of an integrated cellular communications system
US5887245A (en) * 1992-09-04 1999-03-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson Method and apparatus for regulating transmission power
US5943322A (en) 1996-04-24 1999-08-24 Itt Defense, Inc. Communications method for a code division multiple access system without a base station
US6496543B1 (en) * 1996-10-29 2002-12-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Method and apparatus for providing high speed data communications in a cellular environment
US6219343B1 (en) * 1997-07-29 2001-04-17 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Rate control techniques for efficient high speed data services
WO1999007105A2 (en) 1997-08-01 1999-02-11 Salbu Research And Development (Proprietary) Limited Power adaptation in a multi-station network
US20020080750A1 (en) 2000-11-08 2002-06-27 Belcea John M. Time division protocol for an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer radio network having coordinating channel access to shared parallel data channels with separate reservation channel
US20020058502A1 (en) 2000-11-13 2002-05-16 Peter Stanforth Ad hoc peer-to-peer mobile radio access system interfaced to the PSTN and cellular networks
US20020090949A1 (en) 2000-11-13 2002-07-11 Peter Stanforth Prioritized-routing for an ad-hoc, peer-to-peer, mobile radio access system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006033601A (en) * 2004-07-20 2006-02-02 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Transmission power setting method in terminal device for ad hoc radio communications network, terminal device for ad hoc radio communications network used for the transmission power setting, and the ad hoc radio communications network
JP2008538682A (en) * 2005-04-21 2008-10-30 インターデイジタル テクノロジー コーポレーション Method and apparatus for generating loud packets to estimate path loss
US8433355B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2013-04-30 Interdigital Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for generating loud packets to estimate path loss
EP1884041A2 (en) * 2005-05-24 2008-02-06 Meshnetworks, Inc. Method and system for controlling the transmission power of at least one node in a wireless network
EP1884041A4 (en) * 2005-05-24 2009-08-05 Meshnetworks Inc Method and system for controlling the transmission power of at least one node in a wireless network
CN102027783A (en) * 2008-05-16 2011-04-20 法国电信公司 Technique for broadcasting via a communication network node
CN102027783B (en) * 2008-05-16 2014-07-30 法国电信公司 Transmitting and receiving method of communication network node, module, node and system.
WO2010053688A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Transmit power control based on receiver gain setting in a wireless communication network
US9014104B2 (en) 2008-11-04 2015-04-21 Qualcomm Incorporated Transmit power control based on receiver gain setting in a wireless communication network
US8289190B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2012-10-16 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Adaptive communication method and sensor node for performing the method
US11706687B2 (en) 2018-12-04 2023-07-18 Chongqing University Of Posts And Telecommunications IPV6 node mobility management method based on RPL routing protocol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2479014A1 (en) 2003-09-25
AU2003216556A1 (en) 2003-09-29
JP2005527139A (en) 2005-09-08
KR100968079B1 (en) 2010-07-08
ATE465574T1 (en) 2010-05-15
EP1486032A1 (en) 2004-12-15
AU2003216556A8 (en) 2003-09-29
DE60332217D1 (en) 2010-06-02
WO2003079611A8 (en) 2004-04-08
JP4308022B2 (en) 2009-08-05
US20030189906A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US6904021B2 (en) 2005-06-07
EP1486032A4 (en) 2007-08-01
EP1486032B1 (en) 2010-04-21
KR20040093150A (en) 2004-11-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1486032B1 (en) System and method for providing adaptive control of transmit power and data rate in ad-hoc networks
KR100885628B1 (en) Method for data rate selection in a wireless communication network
JP4805756B2 (en) Communication control device and communication control method
KR100825660B1 (en) System and method for characterizing the quality of a link in a wireless network
US7912490B2 (en) Method for channel quality prediction for wireless communication systems
TWI437836B (en) Methods of reverse link power control
US7983230B1 (en) Adaptive power and data rate control for ad-hoc mobile wireless systems
CA2476516C (en) A system and method for using per-packet receive signal strength indication and transmit power levels to compute path loss for a link for use in layer ii routing in a wireless communication network
JP5336493B2 (en) CQI adjustment for arbitrary transport format selection algorithm
US20070115829A1 (en) System and method for performing topology control in a wireless network
US8493945B2 (en) Characterizing transmission of access nodes within a wireless network
JP2010528525A (en) Method and apparatus for reporting channel quality
Zawodniok et al. A distributed power control MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks
KR100856178B1 (en) System and method for detecting transient links in multi-hop wireless networks
US20150271080A1 (en) Throughput Enabled Rate Adaptation in Wireless Networks
JP2007502555A (en) Adaptive coding for shared data communication channels.
JP4395353B2 (en) Base station apparatus for mobile communication system
Mohamed et al. A performance evaluation for rate adaptation algorithms in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks
WO2002003567A2 (en) Adaptive power control for wireless networks
Lee et al. Channel quality-based rate adaptation scheme for wireless networks

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NI NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
CFP Corrected version of a pamphlet front page

Free format text: UNDER (54) PUBLISHED TITLE REPLACED BY CORRECT TITLE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2479014

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2034/CHENP/2004

Country of ref document: IN

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2003577479

Country of ref document: JP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2003744645

Country of ref document: EP

Ref document number: 1020047014546

Country of ref document: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1020047014546

Country of ref document: KR

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 2003744645

Country of ref document: EP