WO2003072353A1

WO2003072353A1 - Biaxially oriented polypropylene high barrier metallized film for packaging

Info

Publication number: WO2003072353A1
Application number: PCT/US2003/005153
Authority: WO
Inventors: Keunsuk P. Chang; Tien-Kuei Su
Original assignee: Toray Plastics (America), Inc.
Priority date: 2002-02-21
Filing date: 2003-02-21
Publication date: 2003-09-04
Also published as: AU2003228218A1; EP1485249A1

Abstract

A laminate film having a high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer of greater than about 93% isotactic content having a first surface and a second surface; a polyolefin resin layer disposed on the first surface, said polyolefin resin layer having a discharge-treated surface; a metal layer having an optical density of at least about 2.6 deposited on the discharge-treated surface of said polyolefin resin layer; and a heat sealable layer or a winding layer disposed on the second surface is disclosed.

Description

BIAXIALLY ORIENTED POLYPROPYLENE HIGH BARRIER METALLIZED

FILM FOR PACKAGING

Field of Invention This invention relates to a metallized polypropylene film containing a polyolefin layer and a metal deposited layer, and a method of making the same.

Background of Invention

Biaxially oriented polypropylene metallized films are used for many packaging applications, particularly in food packaging, because they have important sealing and protective qualities. The films minimize the amount of light, moisture, and oxygen that can normally enter an ordinary, unprotected package. The films are often used in food packaging in combination with gas-flushing applications to protect the contents from moisture and oxidation. Also, the films often provide a heat sealable inner layer for bag forming and sealing.

Metallized films used in vertical-form-fill-seal (VFFS) packaging provides an excellent barrier in either unlaminated or laminated forms. However, because of the wide variety of forming collars used, bag sizes, filling speeds, and machine tensions used during the process of bag-forming, the laminated packaging containing the metallized film can be stretched in the packaging machine from 5 to 15% beyond the dimensions of the original film packaging. This stretching may cause fracture or cracks to form in the metal layer of the film. As a result, the packaging loses its protective properties. For instance, oxygen can readily pass through a damaged packaging film and cause unwanted oxidation of the contents. High barrier metallized OPP films are typically metallized to an optical density range of 2.0 - 2.4. This has been shown to be adequate to provide good flat sheet (non- elongated) barrier properties. However, such an optical density level has not been shown to provide good barrier durability during the bag forming process.

U.S. Patent No. 5,698,317, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses the use of a four layer packaging film having a polyolefin resin layer sandwiched between a polyolefin mixed resin layer comprising a petroleum or terpene resin and a heat sealable layer or non-sealable winding layer. A metal layer is then deposited on the surface of the polyolefin mixed resin layer. The metal layer is deposited following the discharge treatment of the polyolefin mixed resin layer. U.S. Patent No. 4,297,187, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses the use of a discharge treatment method on a plastic surface in a controlled atmosphere comprised of N₂ and CO₂.

U.S. Patent Application No. 09/715,013 and PCT publication 00206043 WO, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses the use of a high optical density aluminum layer with a specific structure of aluminum and aluminum purity. In a co-pending U.S. Patent Application No. 60/354,266, filed February 6, 2002, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses the use of a high crystalline polypropylene resin of 95 - 98% isotactic content. The present invention improves upon the moisture and gas barrier properties as well as the durability of the metal layer.

Summary of the Invention

This invention provides a method to improve the flat sheet barrier and barrier durability of conventional metallized films resulting in a metallized high barrier packaging film with good formed bag barrier properties. The invention helps solve the problem of leaky bags associated with conventional metallized film packaging and the bag-forming process by providing a metal layer with an optical density of at least about 2.6. The metal layer is deposited on a polymer laminate film having at least two layers, a high crystalline polypropylene resin layer of isotactic content of greater than about 93% and a heat sealable or a non-heat sealable, winding layer. The invention improves upon the moisture and gas barrier properties of laminate films.

The laminate film of the invention includes at least a 1, 2 or 3-layer coextruded film and a metal layer, preferably a vapor deposited aluminum layer, with at least an optical density of about 2.6, preferably with an optical density of about 2.6 to 4, and even more preferably between 2.8 and 3.2. The high optical density aluminum layer is vapor deposited upon a discharge treated surface, preferably a discharge-treatment produced in a CO₂ and N₂ environment. Such discharge-treatment in a CO₂ N₂ atmosphere results in a treated surface containing at least 0.3% nitrogen-containing functional groups, and preferably at least 0.5% nitrogen-containing functional groups. In the case of the 2-layer laminate, the laminate film comprises a high crystalline, high isotactic polymer resin, preferably a homopolymer polypropylene resin of isotactic content greater than about 93%, and more preferably greater than about 95% isotactic, which has been discharge treated in the preferred method. In the case of a 3-layer laminate, the metal vapor is deposited upon a discharge treated surface (via the preferred method) containing a polyolefin mixed resin. This polyolefin mixed resin layer is disposed on one side of a high crystalline, high isotactic homopolymer propylene core layer of isotactic content of greater than about 93%. A heat sealable surface or a winding surface containing antiblock and/or optionally slip additives for good machinability and low coefficient of friction (COF) is disposed on the opposite side of the high crystalline, high isotactic propylene core layer of greater than about 93% isotacticity. Additionally, if the third layer is used as a winding surface, its surface may also be modified with a discharge treatment to make it suitable for laminating or converter applied adhesives and inks.

Detailed Description of the Invention

In one embodiment of the invention the laminate film comprises: a high crystalline, high isotactic polypropylene resin layer, preferably greater than about 93% isotacticity, more preferably greater than about 95%, and even more preferably between about 95 and 98% isotactic content; a heat sealable layer or a non-heat sealable, winding layer; and a metal layer. The polypropylene resin layer will have a thickness of about 6 to 40 μm thick. The polypropylene resin layer is discharge treated, and the metal layer deposited on the treated resin layer. The discharge treatment is preferably conducted in an atmosphere of air, CO₂, N₂ or a mixture thereof, more preferably in a mixture of CO₂ and N₂. This preferred method of discharge treatment results in a treated surface that comprises nitrogen-bearing functional groups, preferably 0.3% or more nitrogen in atomic %, and more preferably 0.5% or more nitrogen in atomic %.

The polypropylene core resin layer is a high crystalline polypropylene of a specific isotactic content and can be uniaxially or biaxially oriented. High crystalline polypropylenes are generally described as having an isotactic content of about 93% or greater. Conventional polypropylenes (non-high crystalline) are generally described as having an isotactic content of about 90-93%. In the present invention, it has been found that those high crystalline polypropylenes in the range of about 93% or greater isotactic content have significantly better tensile properties and resistance to the stresses and deformations imposed by the packaging machines' forming collars than non-high crystalline polypropylenes of isotactic content of less than about 93%. Preferably, the high crystalline polypropylene isotactic content is in the range of between about 95% and about 98% for the best combination of forming collar deformation resistance and BOPP processing.

The desirable attributes of the high crystalline polypropylene of 93% or greater isotactic content is, of course, the isotactic content itself as measured by C NMR spectra obtained in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solutions at 130°C. The % percent isotactic can be obtained by the intensity of the isotactic methyl group at 21.7 ppm versus the total (isotactic and atactic) methyl groups from 22 to 19.4 ppm. Suitable examples of high crystalline polypropylenes for oil resistant film production are Fina 3270, Exxon 1043N, Huntsman 6310, and Amoco 9117. These resins also have melt flow rates of about 0.5 to 5 g/10 min, a melting point of about 163 - 167°C, a crystallization temperature of about 108 -126°C, a heat of fusion of about 86 - 110 J/g, a heat of crystallization of about 105 - Ill J/g, and a density of about 0.90 - 0.91.

The core resin layer can also include an optional amount of hydrocarbon resin additive. Inclusion of this additive aids in the biaxial orientation of the film, although it is not necessary. As a processing aid, inclusion of the hydrocarbon resin allows a wider "processing window" in terms of processing temperatures for MD and particularly TD orientation. A suitable hydrocarbon resin is of the polydicyclopentadiene type available in masterbatch form from ExxonMobil as PA609A or PA610A, which are 50% masterbatches of polypropylene carrier resin and 50% hydrocarbon resin. Suitable amounts of the hydrocarbon masterbatch are concentrations of up to 10% masterbatch or up to 5% of the active hydrocarbon resin component.

The core resin layer is typically 5 μm to 50 μm in thickness after biaxial orientation, preferably between 10 μm and 25 μm, and more preferably between 12.5 μm and 17.5 μm in thickness. The core resin layer can be surface treated with either a corona-discharge method, flame treatment, atmospheric plasma, or corona discharge in a controlled atmosphere of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or a mixture thereof. The latter treatment method in a mixture of CO₂ and N₂ is preferred. This method of discharge treatment results in a treated surface that comprises nitrogen-bearing functional groups, preferably 0.3% or more nitrogen in atomic %, and more preferably 0.5% or more nitrogen in atomic %. This treated core layer can then be metallized, printed, coated, or extrusion or adhesive laminated. A preferred embodiment is to metallize the treated surface of the core resin layer. The metal layer is preferably a vapor deposited metal and more preferably vapor deposited aluminum. The metal layer shall have a thickness between 5 and 100 nm, preferably between 50 and 80 nm, more preferably between 60 and 70 nm; and an optical density between 2.6 and 5.0, preferably between 2.6 and 4.0, more preferably between 2.8 and 3.2.

Analysis of the metal layer in the most preferred embodiment by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) / Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESC A) depth profiling using a 3kN Ar⁺ beam reveals a unique structure not seen in a lower optical density metal layer (less than 2.6). The high optical density metal layer deposition results in several distinct strata within the metal layer. First, a relatively thin outside layer of aluminum oxide is formed on the outermost surface of the metal layer; second, below this oxide layer is a region of less than 95% Al purity; third, is a layer of 95-98% Al purity; fourth is a layer of 98-100% Al purity; fifth, is a layer of 95-98% Al purity; and sixth is a layer of less than 95% Al purity extending to the Al / polymer substrate interface. In comparison, the low optical density metal layer deposition results in a different set of strata within the metal layer. First, there is a thin layer of aluminum oxide on the outermost surface of the metal layer; second, a region of less than 95% Al purity below this oxide layer; third, a layer of 95-98% Al purity; fourth, a region of less than 95% Al purity extending to the Al / polymer substrate interface. The low optical density metal layer does not contain the highly pure strata of Al, which the high optical density metal layer does. Moreover, these bands of highly pure aluminum (95% or greater Al purity) are substantially thicker in the high optical density metal layer compared to the low optical density metal layer. Without being bound to any theory, applicants believe that these relatively thick bands of highly pure aluminum provide superior oxygen and moisture barrier properties.

In addition, it has been found that the adhesion of the metal layer to the polymer substrate is substantially higher in the case of the high optical density metal layer compared to the low optical density metal layer. This improvement in metal adhesion in combination with high optical density metal layer appears to be correlated to the amount of nitrogen functional groups at the metal layer/polymer substrate interface formed by the preferred method of discharge treatment in a Ν₂ and CO₂ atmosphere. Again, without being bound to any theory, the applicants believe that this improvement in metal layer adhesion found in combination with the high optical density metal layer provides the improved oxygen and moisture barrier durability improvement after elongation and after bag-making.

The heat sealable layer may contain an anti-blocking agent and/or optionally slip additives for good machinability and a low coefficient of friction in about 0.05 - 0.5% by weight of the heat-sealable layer. The heat sealable layer will preferably comprise a ternary ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer. If the invention comprises a non-heat sealable, winding layer, this layer will comprise a crystalline polypropylene or a matte layer of a block copolymer blend of polypropylene and one or more other polymers whose surface is roughened during the film formation step so as to produce a matte finish on the winding layer. Preferably, the surface of the winding layer is discharge-treated to provide a functional surface for lamination or coating with adhesives and or inks.

The high crystalline polypropylene resin is coextruded with the heat sealable layer which will have a thickness between 0.2 and 5 μm, preferably between 0.6 and 3 μm, and more preferably between 0.8 and 1.5 μm. The coextrusion process includes a two-layered compositing die. The two layer laminate sheet is cast onto a cooling drum whose surface temperature is controlled between 20 °C and 60 °C to solidify the non-oriented laminate sheet.

The non-oriented laminate sheet is stretched in the longitudinal direction at about 135 to 165 °C at a stretching ratio of about 4 to about 5 times the original length and the resulting stretched sheet is cooled to about 15 °C to 50 °C to obtain a uniaxially oriented laminate sheet. The uniaxially oriented laminate sheet is introduced into a tenter and preliminarily heated between 130 °C and 180 °C, and stretched in the transverse direction at a stretching ratio of about 7 to about 12 times the original length and then heat set to give a biaxially oriented sheet. The biaxially oriented film has a total thickness between 6 and 40 μm, preferably between 10 and 20 μm, and most preferably between 12 and 18 μm.

The surface of the polyolefin resin layer of the biaxially oriented laminate film is subjected to a discharge treatment, preferably a corona-discharge treatment. The discharge treatment is preferably conducted in an atmosphere of air, CO₂, N₂ or a mixture thereof, and more preferably in a mixture of CO₂ and N₂. The treated laminate sheet is then wounded in a roll. The roll is placed in a metallizing chamber and the metal was vapor-deposited on the discharge treated polyolefin resin layer surface. The metal film may include titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, aluminum, gold, or palladium, the preferred being aluminum. The metallized film is then tested for oxygen and moisture permeability, optical density, metal adhesion, and film durability.

In another embodiment the invention comprises: a polyolefin resin layer; a high crystalline propylene polymer core layer of isotactic content of greater than about 93%; a heat sealable layer or non-sealable winding layer formed on the surface of a high crystalline propylene polymer core layer opposite the polyolefin resin layer; and a metal layer disposed on the polyolefin resin layer. The polymer core layer is sandwiched between the resin layer and the heat sealable layer. In the preferred embodiment, the polyolefin resin layer will contain a polymer additive present in about 1 to 30 percent by weight, preferably 1 to 20 percent by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 percent by weight of the polyolefin mixed resin layer. The polymer additive could be selected from a group of synthetic' polymer waxes, preferably a polyethylene, crystalline wax. Alternatively, the polymer additive could be selected from the group of petroleum resins and or terpene resins as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,698,317. Another alternative preferred use could be as a metal adhesion layer. This metal adhesion layer may be composed of any of the following or blends thereof: polypropylene, low isotactic polypropylene, ethylene propylene random copolymer, butene propylene copolymer, and other polyolefins and additives that are suitable for metallizing. Preferably, the metal adhesion layer comprises a blend of about 50-100% by weight of polypropylene and about 10-100% by weight of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, wherein the copolymer has about 2-10% by weight of ethylene. More preferably, the metal adhesion layer comprises a blend of about 80% by weight of polypropylene and about 20% by weight of an ethylene-propylene copolymer, wherein the copolymer has about 4% by weight of ethylene. In addition, it is desirable to add antiblock additives to this layer in concentrations of 0.01-0.1% by weight of this third layer such as silicas, aluminosilicates, or metal-aluminosilicates. The heat sealable layer or non-sealable winding layer may also contain antiblock components such as silicas, aluminosilicates, or polymeric antiblocks such as crosslinked silicone polymer in the amount of 0.10 - 0.50% by weight of the heat sealable or non-sealable winding layer. The surface of the polyolefin resin layer is corona discharge treated, preferably in an atmosphere of N₂ and CO₂, to give excellent printability and promote adhesion between the polyolefin resin layer and the metal layer.

A metal layer is deposited on the discharge treated polyolefin resin layer. The metal layer is preferably a vapor deposited metal and more preferably vapor deposited aluminum. The metal layer shall have a thickness of about 5 to 100 nm, and an optical density between 2.6 and 5.

In a particular embodiment, a laminate film of the invention comprises the following material components, and is made according to the following procedure. A propylene polymer resin and a polyethylene wax having a molecular weight of about 3000, a viscosity of about 110 cp at 149°C, and a melting point of about 129 °C are blended together. In a preferred embodiment, a crystalline, propylene polymer resin is blended with a crystalline, linear, polyethylene wax. In another preferred embodiment, a crystalline, propylene polymer resin is blended with the ethylene-propylene copolymers of the types disclosed above. Optionally, a relatively small amount (about 1000 ppm) of an antiblock additive, preferably sodium calcium aluminosilicate powder having a mean particle diameter of about 3 μm is added to the polymer blend. The mixture is then extruded to form a polyolefin mixed resin film with a thickness of 0.75 μm.

The polyolefin mixed resin film is coextruded with a polymer core layer, preferably a polypropylene core layer, having a thickness between 5 and 36 μmm preferably between 10 and 20 μm, and more preferably between 10 and 15 μm, and a heat sealable layer opposite the mixed resin layer having a thickness between 0.2 and 5 μm, preferably between 0.6 and 3 μm, and more preferably between 0.8 and 1.5 μm. The coextrusion process includes a three-layered compositing die. The polymer core layer is sandwiched between the polyolefin mixed resin layer and the heat sealable layer. The three layer laminate sheet is cast onto a cooling drum whose surface temperature is controlled between 20 °C and 60 °C to solidify the non-oriented laminate sheet.

The surface of the polyolefin mixed resin layer of the biaxially oriented laminate film is subjected to a discharge treatment, preferably a corona discharge treatment. The discharge treatment is preferably conducted in an atmosphere of air, CO₂, N₂ or a mixture thereof, and more preferably in an atmosphere of N₂ and CO . The treated laminate sheet is then wounded in a roll. The roll is placed in a metallizing chamber and aluminum was vapor-deposited on the discharge-treated polyolefin mixed resin layer surface. The metal film may comprise any first row transition metal, aluminum, gold, or palladium, the preferred being aluminum. The metallized film is then tested for oxygen and moisture permeability, optical density, metal adhesion, and film durability.

This invention will be better understood with reference to the following examples, which are intended to illustrate specific embodiments within the overall scope of the invention.

Example 1

One hundred parts by weight of a high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin of isotactic content of about 95.3%; 0.0001 parts by weight of a sodium calcium aluminosilicate powder or an amorphous silica having a mean particle diameter of 6 μm, were blended together. This mixture was coextruded with a heat sealable ternary ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer containing 4000 ppm of a crosslinked silicone polymer of mean particle diameter of 2 μm by weight of the heat sealable layer, and biaxially oriented to produce a 2-layer film where the propylene homopolymer resin layer was 16 μm thick and the accompanying coextruded ternary ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer layer was 1.5 μm thick. The total oriented film thickness was 17.5 μm or 70G or 0.7 mil thick. The film was then discharge-treated in a controlled atmosphere of N₂ and CO₂, on the propylene homopolymer side (the metallizing surface) and wound in roll form. The roll was then metallized by vapor-deposition of aluminum onto the discharge- treated surface to get an optical density of 2.8 - 3.2. The metallized laminate film was then tested for oxygen and moisture permeability, optical density, metal adhesion, and film durability.

Example 2 A process similar to Example 1 was repeated except that the high crystalline propylene homopolymer had an isotactic content of about 97.3%.

Example 3 A process similar to Example 2 was repeated except that the multi-laminate film included a coextruded third layer comprised of a conventional propylene homopolymer resin with 0.027% of a 3 μm sodium calcium aluminosilicate antiblock which is formed on the high crystalline propylene homopolymer core resin layer opposite the heat sealable layer. The surface of this coextruded third layer was then discharge-treated in a controlled atmosphere of N₂ and CO₂ and wound into roll form for subsequent vapor deposition metallizing. The roll was then placed in a metallizing chamber and aluminum was vapor-deposited on the discharge-treated polyolefin mixed resin layer surface to an optical density target of 2.8 - 3.2. The metallized laminate film was then tested for oxygen and moisture permeability, optical density, metal adhesion, and film durability.

Comparative Example 1

A process similar to Example 1 was repeated except that an optical density target of 2.0 - 2.6 was used for the vapor-deposited aluminum layer.

Comparative Example 2

A process similar to Example 2 was repeated except that an optical density target of 2.0 - 2.6 was used for the vapor-deposited aluminum layer.

Comparative Example 3

A process similar to Example 3 was repeated except that an optical density target of 2.0 - 2.6 was used for the vapor-deposited aluminum layer.

Comparative Example 4 A process similar to Example 1 was repeated except that the crystalline polypropylene resin had an isotacticity of about 92.5%. This comparative example properly compares the barrier property results with those of Example 1 because the optical densities of Example 1 and this comparative example are within experimental error, which is plus/minus 10%.

Comparative Example 5

A process similar to Comparative Example 4 was repeated except that the optical density target of 2.0 - 2.6 was used for the vapor-deposited aluminum layer. Working Example I

The various properties in the above examples were measured by the following methods: A) Oxygen transmission rate of the film was measured by using a Mocon Oxtran

2/20 unit substantially in accordance with ASTM D3985. In general, the preferred value was an average value equal to or less than 15.5 cc/m /day with a maximum of 46.5 cc/m /day.

B) Moisture transmission rate of the film was measured by using a Mocon Permatran 3/31 unit measured substantially in accordance with ASTM F1249. In general, the preferred value was an average value equal to or less than 0.155 g/m²/day with a maximum of 0.49g/m /day.

C) Optical density was measured using a Tobias Associates model TBX transmission densitometer. Optical density is defined as the amount of light reflected from the test specimen under specific conditions. Optical density is reported in terms of a logarithmic conversion. For example, a density of 0.00 indicates that 100% of the light falling on the sample is being reflected. A density of 1.00 indicates that 10% of the light is being reflected; 2.00 is equivalent to 1%, etc.

D) Metal adhesion was measured by adhering a strip of 1-inch wide 610 tape to the metallized surface of a single sheet of metallized film and removing the tape from the metallized surface. The amount of metal removed was rated qualitatively as follows:

4.0 = 0-5% metal removed

3.5 = 6-10% metal removed

3.0 = 11-20% metal removed 2.5 = 21-30% metal removed

2.0 = 31-50% metal removed

1.5 = 51-75% metal removed

1.0 = 76-100% metal removed In general, preferred values ranged from 3.0 - 4.0. Barrier durability of the film was measured by elongating test specimens in an

Instron Tensile tester at 12 % elongation. The elongated sample was then measured for barrier properties using Mocon Oxtran 2/20 or Permatran 3/31 units. In general, preferred values of O₂TR {oxygen transmission rate), which is a measurement of the permeation rate of oxygen through a substrate, would be equal or less than 46.5 cc/m²/day up to 12% elongation and MVTR (moisture vapor transmission rate), which is a measurement of the permeation rate of water vapor through a substrate, would be equal or less than 0.49 g/m²/day up to 12% elongation.

Surface chemistry of the discharge-treated surface was measured using ESCA surface analysis techniques. A Physical Electronics model 5700LSci X-ray photoelectron/ESCA spectrometer was used to quantify the elements present on the sample surface. Analytical conditions used a monochromatic aluminum x-ray source with a source power of 350 watts, an exit angle of 50°, analysis region of 2.0 mm x 0.8 mm, a charge correction of C-(C,H) in C Is spectra at 284.6 eV, and charge neutralization with electron flood gun. Quantitative elements such as O, C, N were reported in atom %. Depth profiling and composition of the metal layer was measured using ESCA surface analysis techniques. A Physical Electronics model 5700LSci X-ray photoelectron/ESCA spectrophotometer was used to high-resolution depth profiles of O, C, and Al using a 3kN Ar⁺ beam. Analytical conditions used a monochromatic aluminum x-ray source with a source power of 350 watts, a take-off angle of 65°, analysis region of 0.8 mm diameter, a charge correction of C-(C,H) in C Is spectra at 284.6 eV, charge neutralization with electron flood gun, ion sputtering of 3kV Ar⁺, and SiO₂ sputter rate of 48A/min for Si0₂.

The results of the foregoing examples ("Ex.") and comparative example ("CEx.") are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. The data will show that the combination of high crystalline, high isotactic propylene homopolymer-based film and high optical density create film with significantly better flat sheet and elongated barrier properties.

12% Elongation 12% Elongat

Optical Isotactic 02TR (38C/0%RH) MVTR (23C/90%RH) 02TR (38C/0%RH) MVTR (23C/90'

Sample Density Content (% cc/m2/dav α/m2/dav cc/m2/dav q/m2/dav

Ex. 1 3.28 95.3 8.5 0.062 31 0.248

Ex. 2 3.24 97.3 4.3 0.031 18.4 0.124

Ex. 3 3.21 97.3 3.3 0.016 17.2 0.109

CEx. 1 2.45 95.3 18.9 0.207 78.1 0.403

CEx. 2 2.22 97.3 18.8 0.109 63.2 0.403

CEx.3 2.51 97.3 15.3 0.124 56.7 0.372

CEx. 4 3.04 92.5 9.9 0.087 140 0.667

CEx. 5 2.31 92.5 25.4 0.264 400 1.34

Table 1

Claims

We claim:

1. A laminate film comprising: high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer of isotactic content greater than about 93% having a discharge-treated surface on one side of said high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer; and a metal layer having an optical density of at least about 2.6 deposited on said discharge-treated surface.

2. The laminate film of claim 1, further comprising: a heat sealable layer or winding layer comprising an antiblock component selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicas, aluminosilicates, sodium calcium aluminum silicate, a crosslinked silicone polymer and polymethylmethacrylate; and an amount of hydrocarbon resin up to 10% by weight of the high crystalline propylene homopolymer of greater than about 93% isotactic content.

3. A laminate film comprising: a high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer of greater than about 93% isotactic content having a first surface and a second surface; a polyolefin resin layer disposed on the first surface, said polyolefin resin layer having a discharge-treated surface; a metal layer having an optical density of at least about 2.6 deposited on the discharge-treated surface of said polyolefin resin layer; and a heat sealable layer or a winding layer disposed on the second surface.

4. The laminate film according to claim 1, wherein said high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer has a thickness of about 6 to 40 μm.

5. The laminate film of claim 1, wherein said high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer has an isotactic content of about 93-98%, melt flow rate of about 0.5 to 5 g/10 min, a melting point of about 163 - 167°C, a crystallization temperature of about 108 -126°C, a heat of fusion of about 86 - 110 J/g, a heat of crystallization of about 105 - 111 J/g, and a density of about 0.90 - 0.91.

6. The laminate film of claim 2 or 3, wherein said heat-sealable layer or winding layer has a thickness of about 0.5 to 5.0 μm.

7. The laminate film of claim 2 or 3, wherein said heat sealable or winding layer comprises an anti-blocking agent of about 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight of said heat sealable or winding layer.

8. The laminate film of claim 2 or 3, wherein said heat sealable layer comprises a ternary ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer.

9. The laminate film of claim 2 or 3, wherein said winding layer comprises a crystalline polypropylene or a matte layer of a block copolymer blend of polypropylene and one or more other polymers having a roughened surface.

10. The laminate film of claim 2 or 3, wherein said winding layer is treated to provide a surface for lamination or coating with adhesives or inks.

11. The laminate film of claim 1 , 2 or 3, wherein said metal layer has a thickness of about 5 to 100 nm.

12. The laminate film of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said metal layer has an optical density of about 2.6 to 5.0.

13. The laminate film of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said metal layer comprises aluminum.

14. The laminate film of claim 3, wherein said polyolefin resin layer comprises additives that enhance metal adhesion or metal formation.

15. The laminate film of claim 3, wherein said polyolefin resin layer has a thickness of about 0.2 to 5.0 μm.

16. The laminate film of claim 3, wherein said polyolefin resin layer comprises a polypropylene resin

17. The laminate film of claim 14, wherein said polyolefin resin layer comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of petroleum resins and terpene resins.

18. The laminate film of claim 17, wherein the additive comprises about 5 to 30 percent by weight of said polyolefin resin layer.

19. The laminate film of claim 14, wherein said polyolefin resin layer comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of linear crystalline polyethylene waxes, branched polyethylene waxes, hydroxyl-terminated polyethylene waxes, and carboxyl-terminated polyethylene waxes.

20. The laminate film of claim 19, wherein the additive comprises about 1 to 15 percent by weight of said polyolefin resin layer.

21. The laminate film of claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein said discharge-treated surface is formed in an atmosphere of CO₂ and N₂.

22. The laminate film of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said metal layer comprises: a layer of aluminum oxide of about 30A thick; an aluminum-enriched layer comprising at least about 95% aluminum of about 20θA total thickness; and an aluminum-enriched layer of at least about 98% aluminum of about 5θA thickness.

23. The laminate film of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the laminate film has a barrier durability under 12% elongation of 46.5 cc/m²/day or less oxygen transmission through the laminate film.

24. The laminate film of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the discharge treated surface comprises at least 0.3% nitrogen functional groups.

25. A laminate film comprising: a high crystalline polypropylene resin layer of greater than about 93% isotactic content having a discharge-treated surface; and a metal layer having an optical density of at least about 2.6 deposited on said discharge-treated surface; wherein the laminate film has a barrier durability under 12% elongation of 46.5 cc/m²/day or less oxygen transmission through the laminate film.

26. The laminate film of claim 25, further comprising: a heat sealable layer or winding layer comprising an antiblock component selected from the group consisting of amorphous silicas, aluminosilicates, sodium calcium aluminum silicate, a crosslinked silicone polymer and polymethylmethacrylate; and an amount of hydrocarbon resin up to 10% by weight of the high crystalline propylene homopolymer of greater than about 93% isotactic content.

27. The laminate film of claim 25, wherein the discharge treated surface comprises at least 0.3% nitrogen functional groups.

28. The laminate film according to claim 25, wherein said high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer has a thickness of about 6 to 40 μm.

29. The laminate film of claim 25, wherein said high crystalline propylene homopolymer resin layer has an isotactic content of about 93-98%, melt flow rate of about 0.5 to 5 g/10 min, a melting point of about 163 - 167°C, a crystallization temperature of about 108 -126°C, a heat of fusion of about 86 - 110 J/g, a heat of crystallization of about 105 - 111 J/g, and a density of about 0.90 - 0.91.

30. The laminate film of claim 26, wherein said heat-sealable layer or winding layer has a thickness of about 0.5 to 5.0 μm.

31. The laminate film of claim 26, wherein said heat sealable or winding layer comprises an anti -blocking agent of about 0.05 to 0.5 percent by weight of said heat sealable or winding layer.

32. The laminate film of claim 26, wherein said heat sealable layer comprises a ternary ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer.

33. The laminate film of claim 26, wherein said winding layer comprises a crystalline polypropylene or a matte layer of a block copolymer blend of polypropylene and one or more other polymers having a roughened surface.

34. The laminate film of claim 26, wherein said winding layer is treated to provide a surface for lamination or coating with adhesives or inks.

35. The laminate film of claim 25, 26 or 27, wherein said metal layer has a thickness of about 5 to 100 nm.

36. The laminate film of claim 25, 26 or 27, wherein said metal layer has an optical density of about 2.6 to 5.0.

37. The laminate film of claim 25, 26 or 27, wherein said metal layer comprises aluminum.

38. The laminate film of claim 25, 26, or 27, wherein said discharge-treated surface is formed in an atmosphere of CO₂ and N₂.

39. The laminate film of claim 25, 26 or 27, wherein said metal layer comprises: a layer of aluminum oxide of about 30A thick; an aluminum-enriched layer comprising at least about 95% aluminum of about 200A total thickness; and an aluminum-enriched layer of at least about 98% aluminum of about 50A thickness.