WO2003055605A1 - Device for separating a component from a fluid - Google Patents

Device for separating a component from a fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003055605A1
WO2003055605A1 PCT/DE2002/004701 DE0204701W WO03055605A1 WO 2003055605 A1 WO2003055605 A1 WO 2003055605A1 DE 0204701 W DE0204701 W DE 0204701W WO 03055605 A1 WO03055605 A1 WO 03055605A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
component
microfluidic
components
auxiliary
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PCT/DE2002/004701
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Astrid Lohf
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to AU2002358447A priority Critical patent/AU2002358447A1/en
Publication of WO2003055605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003055605A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
    • B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
    • B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
    • B01D15/1864—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns using two or more columns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00891—Feeding or evacuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00905—Separation
    • B01J2219/00918—Separation by adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
    • B01J2219/00905—Separation
    • B01J2219/00921—Separation by absorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N2030/009—Extraction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for separating a component from a fluid with a microfluidic component, in which a plurality of microstructured fluid paths run between two fluid connections, the walls of which are designed to enrich the component, with a fluid supply, a fluid discharge, and an auxiliary fluid supply and an auxiliary fluid removal as well as between these and the Fluidan ⁇ losing the microfluidic component arranged controllable Ventilemcardien to alternately direct the fluid to the enrichment of the component to be separated on the walls and the auxiliary fluid to the expulsion of the enriched components from the micro-fluidic component by this ,
  • the fluid with the component to be separated is first led into the microfluidic component, the component collecting on the walls of the fluid paths.
  • the accumulation can be made possible or improved by a suitable structuring and / or coating of the walls, by electrical charging of the walls or their exposure to ultrasound.
  • the fluid depleted by the component is the
  • a suitable eluent is then passed through the microfluidic component as auxiliary fluid, which removes the accumulated component from the walls of the fluid paths and removes it via the auxiliary fluid discharge.
  • the detachment of the component can be facilitated by heating the microfluidic component and, if necessary, by electrically charging the walls or applying ultrasound to them. Since the microfluidic component is alternately connected first to the fluid supply and discharge and then to the auxiliary fluid supply and discharge via the controllable valve devices, a continuous separation process is not possible.
  • the invention has for its object to enable a continuous separation of the component from the fluid.
  • the object is achieved in that at least one further structurally identical microfluidic component is provided in the arrangement of the type specified at the outset, and in that the valve devices are designed to simultaneously carry the fluid through at least one and the auxiliary fluid through at least one other of the microfluidic components.
  • the valve devices are designed to simultaneously carry the fluid through at least one and the auxiliary fluid through at least one other of the microfluidic components.
  • the walls of the fluid paths can be designed in particular for condensation or desublimation of the component from a gaseous fluid, for adsorption or for absorption of the component.
  • z. B passed an absorbent into the fluid paths and fixed there, for example by drying on the walls, before the fluid is introduced with the component to be absorbed; the absorbed component is then expelled from the absorbent by means of the auxiliary fluid or the loaded absorbent is rinsed out of the microfluidic component in order to separate the component in a subsequent processing step.
  • a temperature control device is preferably assigned to each of the microfluidic components. Since the microfluidic components are operated alternately to enrich the component and to expel the enriched component, the temperature control devices are preferably a controllable heat pump, e.g. B. thermoelectric heat pump (Peltier element) are formed, which according to their control, the at least one flowed through by the fluid Microfluidic component cools and heats the at least one microfluidic component through which the auxiliary fluid flows. The direction of the heat flow between the microfluidic components is changed periodically.
  • a controllable heat pump e.g. B. thermoelectric heat pump (Peltier element)
  • the times for enrichment and expulsion can be set in the ratios 1: 4, 2: 3, 3: 2 and 4: 1.
  • devices for detecting the loading of the microfluidic components with the enriched component are provided, which control the valve devices. These devices can detect, for example, the flow of the fluid through the microfluidic components, the pressure drop across the microfluidic components or the concentration of the component in the depleted fluid. If a sufficient or too high loading of the relevant microfluidic component with the component is detected, the valve devices for driving out the component are switched over.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention with two microfluidic components and
  • FIG. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention with three microfluidic components.
  • FIG. 1 shows two identical microfluidic components 1 and 2, each with two fluid connections 3 and 4 or 5 and 6, between which microstructured fluid paths 7 and 8, here in the form of parallel microchannels, are formed.
  • the microfluidic components 1 and 2 are connected to their fluid connections 3 and 5 via a first controllable valve device 9 to a fluid supply 10 and an auxiliary fluid supply 11.
  • the controllable valve device 9 either connects the fluid supply 10 to the fluid connection 3 of the microfluidic component 1 and the auxiliary fluid supply 11 to the fluid connection 5 of the microfluidic component 2 or, as shown in dashed lines, the fluid supply 10 to the Fluid connection 5 of the microfluidic component 2 and the auxiliary fluid supply 11 with the fluid connection 3 of the microfluidic component 1.
  • the microfluidic components 1 and 2 are connected via a second controllable valve device 12 to a fluid drain 13 and an auxiliary fluid drain 14.
  • the second controllable valve device 12 either connects the fluid connection 4 of the microfluidic component 1 to the fluid discharge 13 and the fluid connection 6 of the microfluidic component 2 to the auxiliary fluid discharge 14 or, as shown in dashed lines, the fluid connection 4 of the microfluidic Component 1 with the auxiliary fluid discharge 14 and the fluid connection 6 of the microfluidic
  • auxiliary fluid supply 11 and auxiliary fluid discharge 14 can be interchanged.
  • Each microfluidic component 1 and 2 is in each case a temperature device 15 or. 16 assigned here by a Heat pump 17 are formed with a heating circuit 18 and a cooling circuit 19, with a controllable valve 20 being able to alternately switch between heating the one and cooling the other microfluidic component.
  • a heat pump 17 instead of the heat pump 17 shown, for. B. also a
  • Peltier element for alternating cooling and heating of the microfluidic components 1 and 2 can be provided.
  • the second microfluidic component 2 takes over the enrichment of the component to be separated, while the first microfluidic component 1 is heated and an auxiliary fluid is supplied to it via the auxiliary fluid supply 11 in order to remove the component from the To expel microfluidic component 1 via the auxiliary fluid discharge 14.
  • the auxiliary fluid can itself be preheated. If the component on the auxiliary fluid discharge 14 is only suctioned off, the auxiliary fluid corresponds to the inflowing air.
  • microfluidic components 1, 2 and 21, each with two fluid connections 3 and 4, 5 and 6 or 22 and 23, are provided, between which microstructured fluid paths 7, 8 and 24, here in the form of parallel microchannels.
  • the microfluidic components 1, 2 and 21 are on their fluid connections 3, 5 and 22 via a first controllable valve device 25 on the fluid supply 10 and the auxiliary fluid supply 11 and on their fluid connections 4, 6 and 23 via a second controllable valve device 26 connected to the fluid discharge 13 and the auxiliary fluid discharge 14.
  • the controllable valve devices 25 and 26 always switch [two microfluidic components, eg. B. 1 and 2, between the fluid supply and discharge 10 and 13 and a microfluidic component, for. B. 21, between the auxiliary fluid supply and discharge 11 and 14. Cyclically one after the other, the microfluidic components 1 and 2, 2 and 21 and 1 and 21 of the fluid and at the same time the microfluidic components 21, 1 and 2 of flows through the auxiliary fluid.
  • the time available for the enrichment of the component in the microfluidic components is thus twice as long as the time for the expulsion of the component. With even more than the three microfluidic components shown, additional time ratios for the enrichment and expulsion of the component can be realized.
  • the microfluidic components in question are cooled and heated to expel them, as was described using the example of FIG. 1 and therefore not shown here.
  • Each microfluidic component 1, 2 and 21 is assigned a device 27, 28, 29 for detecting the loading of the microfluidic component in question with the enriched component. In the example shown, this is done by detecting the pressure drop across the individual microfluidic components 1, 2 and 21. If the pressure drop exceeds a predetermined threshold value, there is furthermore the risk of the fluid paths in the relevant microfluidic component becoming blocked. Then, at the latest, a control device 30 reverses the valve devices 25 and 26 to expel the component from the microfluidic component which is at risk of clogging.
  • the originally set time ratio for the enrichment and expulsion of the component can be changed, at least temporarily.
  • the arrangements shown can be connected in series in the sense of a multi-stage arrangement.

Abstract

In order to separate a component from a fluid, a micro-fluidic component having a plurality of microstructured fluid paths is used. Alternately, the fluid is initially guided through the microfluidic component for enrichment of the component to be separated on the walls of the fluid paths, followed by an auxiliary fluid which is used to expel the enriched components from the microfluidic component. In order to ensure a continuous separation of the component from the fluid, at least one other microfluidic component (2, 21) is provided, said fluid being guided by one of the microfluidic components and the auxiliary fluid being simultaneously guided by at least one of the other microfluidic components (1, 2, 21).

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Anordnung zur Trennung einer Komponente aus einem FluidArrangement for separating a component from a fluid
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur Trennung einer Komponente aus einem Fluid mit einem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil, in dem zwischen zwei Fluidanschlussen eine Vielzahl von mikrostrukturierten Fluidwegen verlaufen, deren Wände zur Anreicherung der Komponente ausgebildet sind, mit einer Fluidzu- fuhr, einer Fluidabfuhr, einer Hilfsfluidzufuhr und einer Hilfsfluidabfuhr sowie mit zwischen diesen und den Fluidan¬ schlussen des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils angeordneten steuerbaren Ventilemrichtungen, um abwechselnd das Fluid zur Anreicherung der zu trennenden Komponente an den Wanden und das Hilfsfluid zur Austreibung der angereicherten Komponenten aus dem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil durch dieses zu leiten.The invention relates to an arrangement for separating a component from a fluid with a microfluidic component, in which a plurality of microstructured fluid paths run between two fluid connections, the walls of which are designed to enrich the component, with a fluid supply, a fluid discharge, and an auxiliary fluid supply and an auxiliary fluid removal as well as between these and the Fluidan ¬ losing the microfluidic component arranged controllable Ventilemrichtungen to alternately direct the fluid to the enrichment of the component to be separated on the walls and the auxiliary fluid to the expulsion of the enriched components from the micro-fluidic component by this ,
Bei einer derartigen, aus der WO 99/09042 bekannten Anordnung wird zunächst das Fluid mit der abzutrennenden Komponente in das Mikrofluidik-Bauteil geleitet, wobei sich die Komponente an den Wanden der Fluidwege ansammelt. Die Ansammlung kann durch eine geeignete Strukturierung und/oder Beschichtung der Wände, durch elektrische Aufladung der Wände oder ihre Beaufschlagung mit Ultraschall ermöglicht oder verbessert werden. Das von der Komponente abgereicherte Fluid wird über dieIn such an arrangement, known from WO 99/09042, the fluid with the component to be separated is first led into the microfluidic component, the component collecting on the walls of the fluid paths. The accumulation can be made possible or improved by a suitable structuring and / or coating of the walls, by electrical charging of the walls or their exposure to ultrasound. The fluid depleted by the component is the
Fluidabfuhr abgeführt. Anschließend wird durch das Mikroflui- dik-Bauteil als Hilfsfluid ein geeignetes Elutionsmittel geleitet, das die angesammelte Komponente von den Wanden der Fluidwege lost und über die Hilfsfluidabfuhr abfuhrt. Das Ablosen der Komponente kann durch Erwarmen des Mikrofluidik- Bauteils und auch ggf. durch elektrische Aufladung der Wände oder ihre Beaufschlagung mit Ultraschall erleichtert werden. Da das Mikrofluidik-Bauteil über die steuerbaren Ventileinrichtungen abwechselnd zuerst an die Fluidzu- und -abfuhr und dann an die Hilfsfluidzu- und -abfuhr geschaltet wird, ist ein kontinuierlicher Trennprozess nicht möglich. Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine kontinuierliche Trennung der Komponente aus dem Fluid zu ermöglichen.Fluid removal removed. A suitable eluent is then passed through the microfluidic component as auxiliary fluid, which removes the accumulated component from the walls of the fluid paths and removes it via the auxiliary fluid discharge. The detachment of the component can be facilitated by heating the microfluidic component and, if necessary, by electrically charging the walls or applying ultrasound to them. Since the microfluidic component is alternately connected first to the fluid supply and discharge and then to the auxiliary fluid supply and discharge via the controllable valve devices, a continuous separation process is not possible. The invention has for its object to enable a continuous separation of the component from the fluid.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass bei der Anordnung der eingangs angegebenen Art mindestens ein weiteres baugleiches Mikrofluidik-Bauteil vorgesehen ist und dass die Ventileinrichtungen dazu ausgebildet sind, gleichzeitig das Fluid durch mindestens eines und das Hilfsfluid durch mindestens ein anderes der Mikrofluidik-Bauteile zu leiten. Dadurch wird ein kontinuierlicher Zufluss des Fluids und kontinuierliche Abflüsse des abgereicherten Fluids und der abgetrennten Komponente erreicht.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that at least one further structurally identical microfluidic component is provided in the arrangement of the type specified at the outset, and in that the valve devices are designed to simultaneously carry the fluid through at least one and the auxiliary fluid through at least one other of the microfluidic components. To manage components. A continuous inflow of the fluid and continuous outflows of the depleted fluid and the separated component are thereby achieved.
Je nach Fluid und abzutrennender Komponente kommen unter- schiedliche Trennverfahren infrage, so dass die Wände der Fluidwege insbesondere zur Kondensation oder Desublimation der Komponente aus einem gasförmigen Fluid, zur Adsorption oder zur Absorption der Komponente ausgebildet sein können. Im letzteren Fall wird z. B. ein Absorbens in die Fluidwege geleitet und dort beispielsweise durch Trocknen an den Wänden fixiert, bevor das Fluid mit der zu absorbierenden Komponente eingeleitet wird; anschließend wird mittels des Hilfsfluids die absorbierte Komponente aus dem Absorbens ausgetrieben oder das beladene Absorbens aus dem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil aus- gespült um in einer nachfolgenden Bearbeitungsstufe die Komponente abzutrennen.Depending on the fluid and the component to be separated, different separation methods are possible, so that the walls of the fluid paths can be designed in particular for condensation or desublimation of the component from a gaseous fluid, for adsorption or for absorption of the component. In the latter case z. B. passed an absorbent into the fluid paths and fixed there, for example by drying on the walls, before the fluid is introduced with the component to be absorbed; the absorbed component is then expelled from the absorbent by means of the auxiliary fluid or the loaded absorbent is rinsed out of the microfluidic component in order to separate the component in a subsequent processing step.
Um je nach Trennverfahren die Austreibung der in dem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil angereicherten Komponente zu ermöglichen oder zu erleichtern ist vorzugsweise jedem der Mikrofluidik-Bauteile jeweils eine Temperier-Einrichtung zugeordnet. Da die Mikrofluidik-Bauteile abwechselnd zur Anreicherung der Komponente und zur Austreibung der angereicherten Komponente betrieben werden, sind die Temperier-Einrichtungen bevorzugt als steuerbare Wärmepumpe, z. B. thermoelektrische Wärmepumpe (Peltierelement) , ausgebildet sind, die entsprechend ihrer Steuerung das mindestens eine von dem Fluid durchströmte Mikrofluidik-Bauteil kühlt und das mindestens eine von dem Hilfsfluid durchströmte Mikrofluidik-Bauteil erwärmt. Dabei wird die Richtung des Wärmeflusses zwischen den Mikrofluidik- Bauteilen periodisch umgesteuert.In order, depending on the separation process, to enable or facilitate the expulsion of the component enriched in the microfluidic component, a temperature control device is preferably assigned to each of the microfluidic components. Since the microfluidic components are operated alternately to enrich the component and to expel the enriched component, the temperature control devices are preferably a controllable heat pump, e.g. B. thermoelectric heat pump (Peltier element) are formed, which according to their control, the at least one flowed through by the fluid Microfluidic component cools and heats the at least one microfluidic component through which the auxiliary fluid flows. The direction of the heat flow between the microfluidic components is changed periodically.
Um unter Beibehaltung des kontinuierlichen Verlaufs der Trennung der Komponente aus dem Fluid unterschiedliche Anreiche- rungs- und Austreibungszeiten einstellen zu können, ist bei mindestens drei Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen die Anzahl der von dem Fluid durchströmten Mikrofluidik-Bauteile unterschiedlich zu der Anzahl der gleichzeitig von dem Hilfsfluid durchströmten Mikrofluidik-Bauteile . So können beispielsweise bei fünf Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen die Zeiten für die Anreicherung und Austreibung in den Verhältnissen 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 und 4:1 einge- stellt werden.In order to be able to set different enrichment and expulsion times while maintaining the continuous course of the separation of the component from the fluid, in at least three microfluidic components the number of microfluidic components through which the fluid flows is different from the number of those simultaneously from the auxiliary fluid flowed through microfluidic components. For example, with five microfluidic components, the times for enrichment and expulsion can be set in the ratios 1: 4, 2: 3, 3: 2 and 4: 1.
Um bei den einzelnen Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen in optimaler Weise zwischen der Anreicherung der Komponente und der Austreibung der angereicherten Komponente umschalten zu können, sind Einrichtungen zur Detektion der Beladung der Mikrofluidik- Bauteile mit der angereicherten Komponente vorgesehen, die die Ventileinrichtungen ansteuern. Diese Einrichtungen können beispielsweise den Durchfluss des Fluids durch die Mikroflui- dik-Bauteile, den Druckabfall über den Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen oder die Konzentration der Komponente in den abgereicherten Fluid erfassen. Wenn dabei eine ausreichend oder zu hohe Beladung des betreffenden Mikrofluidik-Bauteils mit der Komponente detektiert wird, werden die Ventileinrichtungen zur Austreibung der Komponente umgeschaltet.In order to be able to switch optimally between the enrichment of the component and the expulsion of the enriched component in the individual microfluidic components, devices for detecting the loading of the microfluidic components with the enriched component are provided, which control the valve devices. These devices can detect, for example, the flow of the fluid through the microfluidic components, the pressure drop across the microfluidic components or the concentration of the component in the depleted fluid. If a sufficient or too high loading of the relevant microfluidic component with the component is detected, the valve devices for driving out the component are switched over.
Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird im folgenden auf die Figuren der Zeichnung Bezug genommen; im einzelnen zeigenTo further explain the invention, reference is made below to the figures of the drawing; show in detail
Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung mit zwei Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen und Figur 2 ein weiteres Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der erfmdungsge- maßen Anordnung mit drei Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen .Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention with two microfluidic components and FIG. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention with three microfluidic components.
Figur 1 zeigt zwei baugleiche Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1 und 2 mit jeweils zwei Fluidanschlussen 3 und 4 bzw. 5 und 6, zwischen denen mikrostrukturierte Fluidwege 7 bzw. 8, hier m Form von parallelen Mikrokanalen, ausgebildet sind.FIG. 1 shows two identical microfluidic components 1 and 2, each with two fluid connections 3 and 4 or 5 and 6, between which microstructured fluid paths 7 and 8, here in the form of parallel microchannels, are formed.
An ihren Fluidanschlussen 3 und 5 sind die Mikrofluidik-Bau- teile 1 und 2 über eine erste steuerbare Ventileinrichtung 9 an einer Fluidzufuhr 10 und einer Hilfsfluidzufuhr 11 angeschlossen. Je nach Schaltstellung verbindet die steuerbare Ventileinrichtung 9 entweder die Fluidzufuhr 10 mit dem Fluidanschluss 3 des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils 1 und die Hilfs- fluidzufuhr 11 mit dem Fluidanschluss 5 des Mikrofluidik-Bau- teils 2 oder, wie gestrichelt dargestellt ist, die Fluidzufuhr 10 mit dem Fluidanschluss 5 des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils 2 und die Hilfsfluidzufuhr 11 mit dem Fluidanschluss 3 des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils 1.The microfluidic components 1 and 2 are connected to their fluid connections 3 and 5 via a first controllable valve device 9 to a fluid supply 10 and an auxiliary fluid supply 11. Depending on the switching position, the controllable valve device 9 either connects the fluid supply 10 to the fluid connection 3 of the microfluidic component 1 and the auxiliary fluid supply 11 to the fluid connection 5 of the microfluidic component 2 or, as shown in dashed lines, the fluid supply 10 to the Fluid connection 5 of the microfluidic component 2 and the auxiliary fluid supply 11 with the fluid connection 3 of the microfluidic component 1.
An ihren Fluidanschlussen 4 bzw. 6 sind die Mikrofluidik-Bau- teile 1 und 2 über eine zweite steuerbare Ventileinrichtung 12 an einer Fluidabfuhr 13 und einer Hilfsfluidabfuhr 14 angeschlossen. Je nach Schaltstellung verbindet die zweite steuerbare Ventilemrichtung 12 entweder den Fluidanschluss 4 des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils 1 mit der Fluidabfuhr 13 und den Fluidanschluss 6 des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils 2 mit der Hilfs- fluidabfuhr 14 oder, wie gestrichelt dargestellt ist, den Fluidanschluss 4 des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils 1 mit der Hilfs- fluidabfuhr 14 und den Fluidanschluss 6 des Mikrofluidik-At their fluid connections 4 and 6, the microfluidic components 1 and 2 are connected via a second controllable valve device 12 to a fluid drain 13 and an auxiliary fluid drain 14. Depending on the switching position, the second controllable valve device 12 either connects the fluid connection 4 of the microfluidic component 1 to the fluid discharge 13 and the fluid connection 6 of the microfluidic component 2 to the auxiliary fluid discharge 14 or, as shown in dashed lines, the fluid connection 4 of the microfluidic Component 1 with the auxiliary fluid discharge 14 and the fluid connection 6 of the microfluidic
Bauteils 2 mit der Fluidabfuhr 13. Sollen der Fluidstrom und der Hilfsfluidstrom durch die Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1 und 2 gegenläufig sein, so können die Hilfsfluidzufuhr 11 und Hilfsfluidabfuhr 14 vertauscht werden.Component 2 with the fluid discharge 13. If the fluid flow and the auxiliary fluid flow through the microfluidic components 1 and 2 are to be in opposite directions, the auxiliary fluid supply 11 and auxiliary fluid discharge 14 can be interchanged.
Jedem Mikrof luidik-Bauteil 1 und 2 ist [j eweils eine Tempe- rier-Einrichtung 15 bzw . 16 zugeordnet, die hier von einer Wärmepumpe 17 mit einem Heizkreis 18 und einem Kühlkreis 19 gebildet werden, wobei mittels eines steuerbaren Ventils 20 wechselweise zwischen einer Beheizung des einen und einer Kühlung des anderen Mikrofluidik-Bauteils umschaltbar ist. Anstelle der gezeigten Wärmepumpe 17 kann z. B. auch einEach microfluidic component 1 and 2 is in each case a temperature device 15 or. 16 assigned here by a Heat pump 17 are formed with a heating circuit 18 and a cooling circuit 19, with a controllable valve 20 being able to alternately switch between heating the one and cooling the other microfluidic component. Instead of the heat pump 17 shown, for. B. also a
Peltier-Element zur Abwechselnden Kühlung und Aufheizung der Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1 und 2 vorgesehen werden.Peltier element for alternating cooling and heating of the microfluidic components 1 and 2 can be provided.
Zur Trennung einer Komponente aus einem Fluid wird dieses bei der gezeigten Stellung der Ventileinrichtungen 9 und 12 über die Fluidzufuhr 10 in das erste Mikrofluidik-Bauteil 1 geleitet, welches durch die zugeordnete Temperier-Einrichtung 15 gekühlt wird. Die abzutrennende Komponente wird dabei durch Kondensation, Adsorption o. ä. an den Wänden der Fluidwege 7 angereichert, während das abgereicherte Fluid das Mikrofluidik-Bauteil 1 über die Fluidabfuhr 13 verlässt. Nach Umsteuerung der Ventileinrichtungen 9 und 12 und des Ventils 20 übernimmt das zweite Mikrofluidik-Bauteil 2 die Anreicherung der abzutrennenden Komponente, während das erste Mikroflui- dik-Bauteil 1 aufgeheizt und über die Hilfsfluidzufuhr 11 mit einem Hilfsfluid beströmt wird, um die Komponente aus dem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil 1 über die Hilfsfluidabfuhr 14 auszutreiben. Das Hilfsfluid kann dazu selbst vorgeheizt sein. Wird die Komponente an der Hilfsfluidabfuhr 14 nur abgesaugt, so entspricht das Hilfsfluid der nachströmenden Luft.In order to separate a component from a fluid, in the position of the valve devices 9 and 12 shown, this is passed via the fluid supply 10 into the first microfluidic component 1, which is cooled by the associated temperature control device 15. The component to be separated is enriched by condensation, adsorption or the like on the walls of the fluid paths 7, while the depleted fluid leaves the microfluidic component 1 via the fluid discharge 13. After reversing the valve devices 9 and 12 and the valve 20, the second microfluidic component 2 takes over the enrichment of the component to be separated, while the first microfluidic component 1 is heated and an auxiliary fluid is supplied to it via the auxiliary fluid supply 11 in order to remove the component from the To expel microfluidic component 1 via the auxiliary fluid discharge 14. For this purpose, the auxiliary fluid can itself be preheated. If the component on the auxiliary fluid discharge 14 is only suctioned off, the auxiliary fluid corresponds to the inflowing air.
Bei dem in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung sind drei baugleiche Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1, 2 und 21 mit jeweils zwei Fluidanschlussen 3 und 4, 5 und 6 bzw. 22 und 23 vorgesehen, zwischen denen mikrostrukturierte Fluidwege 7, 8 bzw. 24, hier in Form von parallelen Mikrokanälen, ausgebildet sind.In the embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention shown in FIG. 2, three structurally identical microfluidic components 1, 2 and 21, each with two fluid connections 3 and 4, 5 and 6 or 22 and 23, are provided, between which microstructured fluid paths 7, 8 and 24, here in the form of parallel microchannels.
Die Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1, 2 und 21 sind an ihren Fluidan- Schlüssen 3, 5 und 22 über eine erste steuerbare Ventileinrichtung 25 an der Fluidzufuhr 10 und der Hilfsfluidzufuhr 11 und an ihren Fluidanschlussen 4, 6 und 23 über eine zweite steuerbare Ventilemrichtung 26 an der Fluidabfuhr 13 und der Hilfsfluidabfuhr 14 angeschlossen. Die steuerbaren Ventilemrichtungen 25 und 26 schalten dabei immer [jeweils zwei Mikro- fluidik-Bauteile, z. B. 1 und 2, zwischen die Fluidzu- und abfuhr 10 und 13 und ein Mikrofluidik-Bauteil, z. B. 21, zwischen die Hilfsfluidzu- und abfuhr 11 und 14. Zyklisch nacheinander werden so die Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1 und 2, 2 und 21 sowie 1 und 21 von dem Fluid und zugleich die Mikro- fluidik-Bauteile 21, 1 und 2 von dem Hilfsfluid durchströmt. Die für die Anreicherung der Komponente in den Mikrofluidik- Bauteilen zur Verfugung stehende Zeit ist damit doppelt so groß, wie die Zeit für die Austreibung der Komponente. Bei noch mehr als den drei gezeigten Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen lassen sich weitere Zeit-Verhältnisse für die Anreicherung und Austreibung der Komponente realisieren. Zur Anreicherung der Komponente werden die betreffenden Mikrofluidik-Bauteile gekühlt und zur Austreibung aufgeheizt, so wie dies am Beispiel von Figur 1 beschrieben wurde und daher hier nicht eigens dargestellt ist.The microfluidic components 1, 2 and 21 are on their fluid connections 3, 5 and 22 via a first controllable valve device 25 on the fluid supply 10 and the auxiliary fluid supply 11 and on their fluid connections 4, 6 and 23 via a second controllable valve device 26 connected to the fluid discharge 13 and the auxiliary fluid discharge 14. The controllable valve devices 25 and 26 always switch [two microfluidic components, eg. B. 1 and 2, between the fluid supply and discharge 10 and 13 and a microfluidic component, for. B. 21, between the auxiliary fluid supply and discharge 11 and 14. Cyclically one after the other, the microfluidic components 1 and 2, 2 and 21 and 1 and 21 of the fluid and at the same time the microfluidic components 21, 1 and 2 of flows through the auxiliary fluid. The time available for the enrichment of the component in the microfluidic components is thus twice as long as the time for the expulsion of the component. With even more than the three microfluidic components shown, additional time ratios for the enrichment and expulsion of the component can be realized. To enrich the component, the microfluidic components in question are cooled and heated to expel them, as was described using the example of FIG. 1 and therefore not shown here.
Jedem Mikrofluidik-Bauteile 1, 2 und 21 ist [jeweils eine Einrichtungen 27, 28, 29 zur Detektion der Beladung des betreffenden Mikrofluidik-Bauteils mit der angereicherten Komponente zugeordnet. Bei dem gezeigten Beispiel geschieht dies durch Erfassen des Druckabfalls über den einzelnen Mikroflui- dik-Bauteilen 1, 2 und 21. Übersteigt der Druckabfall einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert, so besteht im Weiteren die Gefahr einer Verstopfung der Fluidwege in dem betreffenden Mikro- fluidik-Bauteil . Spätestens dann wird über eine Steuerein- richtung 30 eine Umsteuerung der Ventileinrichtungen 25 und 26 zur Austreibung der Komponente aus dem verstopfungsge- fahrdeten Mikrofluidik-Bauteil vorgenommen. Dabei kann, zumindest zeitweise, das ursprünglich eingestellte Zeit-Ver- haltnis für die Anreicherung und Austreibung der Komponente geändert werden. Um die Trennungsleistung zu erhöhen, können die gezeigten Anordnungen im Sinne einer mehrstufigen Anordnung mehrfach hintereinander geschaltet werden. Each microfluidic component 1, 2 and 21 is assigned a device 27, 28, 29 for detecting the loading of the microfluidic component in question with the enriched component. In the example shown, this is done by detecting the pressure drop across the individual microfluidic components 1, 2 and 21. If the pressure drop exceeds a predetermined threshold value, there is furthermore the risk of the fluid paths in the relevant microfluidic component becoming blocked. Then, at the latest, a control device 30 reverses the valve devices 25 and 26 to expel the component from the microfluidic component which is at risk of clogging. The originally set time ratio for the enrichment and expulsion of the component can be changed, at least temporarily. In order to increase the separation power, the arrangements shown can be connected in series in the sense of a multi-stage arrangement.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Anordnung zur Trennung einer Komponente aus einem Fluid mit einem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil (1), in dem zwischen zwei Fluidanschlussen (3, 4) eine Vielzahl von mikrostrukturierten Fluidwegen (7) verlaufen, deren Wände zur Anreicherung der Komponente ausgebildet sind, mit einer Fluidzufuhr (10), einer Fluidabfuhr (13), einer Hilfsfluidzufuhr (11) und einer Hilfsfluidabfuhr (14) sowie mit zwischen diesen und den Fluidanschlussen (3, 4) des Mikrofluidik-Bauteils (1) angeordneten steuerbaren Ventileinrichtungen (9, 12; 25, 26), um abwechselnd das Fluid zur Anreicherung der zu trennenden Komponente an den Wänden und das Hilfsfluid zur Austreibung der angereicherten Komponenten aus dem Mikrofluidik-Bauteil (1) durch dieses zu leiten, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass mindestens ein weiteres baugleiches Mikrofluidik-Bauteil (2; 21) vorgesehen ist und dass die Ventileinrichtungen (9, 12; 25, 26) dazu ausgebildet sind, gleichzeitig das Fluid durch mindestens eines und das Hilfsfluid durch mindestens ein anderes der Mikrofluidik-Bauteile (1, 2; 21) zu leiten.1. An arrangement for separating a component from a fluid with a microfluidic component (1), in which a plurality of microstructured fluid paths (7) run between two fluid connections (3, 4), the walls of which are designed to enrich the component with a Fluid supply (10), a fluid discharge (13), an auxiliary fluid supply (11) and an auxiliary fluid discharge (14) and with controllable valve devices (9, 12; 25) arranged between them and the fluid connections (3, 4) of the microfluidic component (1) , 26) in order to alternately pass the fluid for enriching the component to be separated on the walls and the auxiliary fluid for expelling the enriched components from the microfluidic component (1), since you are characterized by at least one other microfluidic component of identical construction (2; 21) is provided and that the valve devices (9, 12; 25, 26) are designed to simultaneously pass the fluid through at least one and the auxiliary fluid id by at least one other of the microfluidic components (1, 2; 21) to lead.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Wände der Fluidwege zur Kondensa- tion, Sublimation, Adsorption oder Absorption der Komponente ausgebildet sind.2. Arrangement according to claim 1, so that the walls of the fluid paths are designed for condensation, sublimation, adsorption or absorption of the component.
3. Anordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass jedem der Mikro- fluidik-Bauteile (1, 2) jeweils eine Temperier-Einrichtung (15, 16) zugeordnet ist.3. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, that a temperature control device (15, 16) is assigned to each of the microfluidic components (1, 2).
4. Anordnung nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass die Temperier-Einrichtungen (15, 16) als steuerbare Wärmepumpe (17) ausgebildet sind, die entsprechend ihrer Steuerung das mindestens eine von dem Fluid durchströmte Mikrofluidik-Bauteil (z. B. 1) kühlt und das mindestens eine von dem Hilfsfluid durchströmte Mikrofluidik- Bauteil (z. B. 2) erwärmt.4. Arrangement according to claim 3, characterized in that the temperature control devices (15, 16) are designed as a controllable heat pump (17) which, according to their control, cools the at least one microfluidic component through which the fluid flows (for example 1) and the at least one microfluidic component (for example 2) through which the auxiliary fluid flows is heated.
5. Anordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a du r ch g e k e nn z e i chn e t , dass bei mindestens drei Mikrofluidik-Bauteilen (1, 2, 21) die Anzahl der von dem Fluid durchströmten Mikrofluidik-Bauteile (z. B. 1, 2) unterschiedlich zu der Anzahl der gleichzeitig von dem Hilfsfluid durchströmten Mikrofluidik-Bauteile (z. B. 21) ist.5. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, since you r ch geke nn zei chn et that at least three microfluidic components (1, 2, 21), the number of microfluidic components through which the fluid flows (z. B. 1, 2) is different from the number of microfluidic components (for example 21) through which the auxiliary fluid flows simultaneously.
6. Anordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, d a du r ch g e k e nn z e i c hn e t , dass Einrichtungen (27, 28, 29) zur Detektion der Beladung der Mikrofluidik- Bauteile (1, 2, 21) mit der angereicherten Komponente vorge- sehen sind, die die Ventileinrichtungen (25, 26) ansteuern. 6. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, since you can see that devices (27, 28, 29) are provided for detecting the loading of the microfluidic components (1, 2, 21) with the enriched component are that control the valve devices (25, 26).
PCT/DE2002/004701 2001-12-21 2002-12-20 Device for separating a component from a fluid WO2003055605A1 (en)

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