WO2003053262A1 - A bone plate assembly - Google Patents

A bone plate assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003053262A1
WO2003053262A1 PCT/US2001/049248 US0149248W WO03053262A1 WO 2003053262 A1 WO2003053262 A1 WO 2003053262A1 US 0149248 W US0149248 W US 0149248W WO 03053262 A1 WO03053262 A1 WO 03053262A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
retaining member
ofthe
bone plate
dimension
bone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/049248
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Matthew Lyons
Frank La Rosa
Original Assignee
Blackstone Medical, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US09/736,928 priority Critical patent/US6413259B1/en
Application filed by Blackstone Medical, Inc. filed Critical Blackstone Medical, Inc.
Priority to AU2002249822A priority patent/AU2002249822A1/en
Priority to PCT/US2001/049248 priority patent/WO2003053262A1/en
Publication of WO2003053262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003053262A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8033—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers
    • A61B17/8042—Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates having indirect contact with screw heads, or having contact with screw heads maintained with the aid of additional components, e.g. nuts, wedges or head covers the additional component being a cover over the screw head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7059—Cortical plates

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a bone plate assembly including a bone plate, bone screws received in apertures in the bone plate, and a screw retaining member attached to the bone plate which covers at least a portion of the bone screws.
  • the bone plate assembly can be used to fuse anatomical structures together, such as adjoining bones, or to heal a fracture in bone.
  • the bones and connective tissue of an adult human spinal column consist of more than twenty discrete bones coupled sequentially to one another by a tri-j oint complex.
  • the complex consists of an anterior disc and two posterior facet joints.
  • the anterior discs of adjacent bones are cushioned by cartilage spacers referred to as intervertebral discs .
  • the bones of the spinal column are categorized as: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral.
  • the cervical portion of the spine which comprises the top of the spine up to the base of the skull, includes the first seven vertebrae.
  • the intermediate twelve bones are thoracic vertebrae, and connect to the lower spine comprising the five lumbar vertebrae.
  • the base of the spine is a sacral bones (including the coccyx).
  • the spinal column of bones is a highly complex anatomical structure as evidenced by the sophisticated interaction between the bones which comprise it. Furthermore, the spinal column houses and protects critical elements of the nervous system. Despite its complexity, the spine is a highly flexible structure, capable of a high degree of curvature and twist in nearly every direction.
  • problems can affect the structure and function of the spinal column. Such problems can be based on degenerative conditions of the intervertebral disc or the articulating joints, or trauma to the disc, bone, or ligaments supporting the spine. Other problems include tumor or infection. In addition, congenital or acquired deformities can cause abnormal angulation or slippage of the spine. Slippage (spondyloUsthesis) anterior of one vertebral body on another can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerves. Patients who suffer from one or more of these conditions often experience extreme and debilitating pain, and can sustain permanent neurologic damage if the conditions are not treated appropriately.
  • One technique of treating these disorders is known as surgical pathrodisis of the spine. This can be accomplished by removing the intervertebral disc and replacing it with bone and immobilizing the spine to allow the eventual fusion or growth of the bone across the disc space to connect the adjoining vertebral bodies together.
  • the stabilization of the vertebrae to allow fusion is often assisted by a surgically implanted device to hold the vertebral bodies in proper alignment and allow the bone to heal, much like placing a cast on a fractured bone.
  • Such techniques have been effectively used to treat the above described conditions and in most cases these techniques are effective at reducing the patient' s pain and preventing neurologic loss of function.
  • the spinal fixation device should permit partial sharing of the weight of the vertebral bodies across the bone graft site. Bone will not heal if it is stress shielded from all weight bearing. The fixation device needs to allow for this weight sharing along with the micromotion that happens during weight sharing until the fusion is complete, often for a period of three to six months or longer, without breakage.
  • the device must be strong enough to resist collapsing forces or abnormal angulation during the healing of the bone. Loss of alignment during healing can adversely affect the recovery.
  • the device must be secure in its attachment to the spine to prevent migration of the implant or back out of the screws from the bone which could result in damage to the structures surrounding the spine, causing severe and potentially life threatening complications.
  • the device must be safely and consistently implanted without damage to the patient.
  • the conventional method of installing bone screws entails drilling a hole, tapping the hole and threading the bone screw into the bone.
  • a guide is held next to or attached to the plate.
  • a drill is inserted into the guide and the hole drilled into the bone.
  • the guide is removed and a tap is threaded through the hole attempting to follow the same angle as the drill hole.
  • Caution must be used to prevent the sharp edges of the tap from damaging surrounding tissues or in creating too large a tap hole by toggling the handle of the tap. This will reduce the security of the screw bite into the bone and increases the likelihood of screw pullout.
  • the screw After tapping, the screw must be guided at the proper angle into the hole that has been created, as inadvertent misalignment can reduce pullout strength or result in damage to surrounding nerves or arteries.
  • the screw head may be provided with an arcuate shape
  • the plate may be provided with a recess having a complimentary shape that receives the shape of the head.
  • the head and plate share load bearing responsibilities over an enlarged surface area.
  • the screw shaft is able to rotate in an arcuate path relative to its longitudinal axis. For instance, as shown in U.S. Patent no.5,534,027 at col.4 lines 18-19 and
  • the present invention is directed to a bone plate assembly including a bone plate having apertures through which bone screws are received and a screw retaining member that covers at least a portion of the bone screws.
  • the screw retaining member is provided with an aperture that receives a member such as a screw which fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate.
  • the bone plate assembly of the present invention can be fastened to at least two bones, or at least two portions of bones, in order to facilitate the healing process.
  • the bone plate is provided with apertures through which bone screws are received and fitted into drill holes, in order to fasten the plate to bone.
  • the screw holes in the bone plate are not provided with uniform dimensions.
  • the size of a dimension Dl of the apertures is greater than the size of a dimension D2 of the apertures.
  • D 1 corresponds to the length dimension of the aperture and D2 corresponds to the width dimension of the aperture.
  • length dimension D 1 of the aperture runs in the same direction as length dimension
  • the aperture of the screw retaining member is not provided with uniform dimensions.
  • the size of a dimension D 1 of the apertures in the screw retaining members is greater than the size of a dimension D2 of the apertures in the screw retaining members.
  • Dl corresponds to the length dimension of the apertures and D2 corresponds to the width dimension of the apertures.
  • length dimension D 1 of the apertures in the screw retaining members runs in the same direction as length dimension Dl of the apertures that receive the bone screws.
  • length dimension D 1 of the apertures in the screw retaining members runs in the same direction as length dimension D 1 of the of the apertures that receive the bone screws, and in the same direction as length dimension Dl of the bone plate.
  • the screws which are inserted into the apertures in the screw retaining members and fix it to the bone plate possess a smaller dimension in the D 1 direction the screw retaining member is able to move with respect to the Dl dimension of its aperture.
  • the screw retaining member is in contact with the bone screw when the screw retaining member is fixed to the bone plate.
  • the screw retaining member, or a portion thereof resides in a position that permits it to contact the bone screw when the bone screw moves within the bone plate. Accordingly, in these embodiments, the present invention permits the screws and screw retaining members to move in at least one direction. This is desirable, as it allows the locations of the screws and screw retaining members to shift in accordance with the shifting loads placed upon the vertebrae to which the plate is anchored.
  • the screw retaining member is spaced away from the bone plate in a position prevents the screw retaining member from backing out of the bone plate, which could happen if the screws unloosened from the bone in which they were inserted.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a bone plate assembly for implantation in an anatomical body having a bone plate having apertures and bone screws received in the apertures, a screw retaining member having an aperture for receiving a member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the bone plate having a location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the screw retaining member covering at least a portion of the bone screw, wherein when the screw retaining member is fixed to the bone plate, a gap is present between the bone plate and screw retaining member in the region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, and further, the screw retaining member rests upon the bone plate in at least one bone plate location.
  • the screw retaining member rests upon the bone plate at a sidewall of the apertures for receiving the bone screws.
  • the bone plate is provided with a relatively flat region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate.
  • the screw retaining member is provided with an arcuate region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate.
  • the screw retaining member is provided with an arcuate region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate
  • the bone plate is provided with a relatively flat region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is an end view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4A is a top plan view of an screw retaining member.
  • Figure 4B is a top plan view of a portion of a bone plate.
  • Figure 5 is a further top plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a side elevational view of an bone screw used in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 shows an additional embodiment of the screw retaining member.
  • Figure 8 shows an embodiment of an assembly showing the screw retaining member of Figure 7.
  • Figure 0 - is an end view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 shows an additional embodiment of the screw retaining member.
  • Figure 12 shows an end view of yet another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of features of the Figure 12 embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • Figure 1 presents a perspective view of the structure 10 of the present invention in which bone plate 12 is shown with bone screws 14 inserted into the apertures 16 within the plate 12.
  • the bone plate 12 is further provided with apertures 18 located between the apertures 16, which receive a screw in order to fix the screw retaining member 22 in place.
  • the bone plate has an accurate shape which mirrors the shape of the bone structure against which it is placed.
  • the screw retaining member 22 has hemispherical surfaces 50 at the edges 25 that contact the heads of the bone screws. With this arrangement, the screw retaining member 22 shares some of the load borne by the bone screws, which possibly may reduce or eliminate the occurrence of load shear upon the screws. Alternatively, the hemispherical surfaces can be omitted. See Figure 11.
  • Figure 9 shows an arrangement in which the screw head and screw retaining member are not in contact with each other.
  • the screw retaining member is situated over the bone screw, sufficiently close thereto to prevent the screw from backing out of the bone in which it is inserted.
  • the tapered shape of the screw retaining member which will be described below, allows the bone screw to be inserted at variety of angles, including perpendicular to the surface of the bone and at, for example, angles of 5 degrees and 10 degrees to the shaft of the screw when the screw is inserted perpendicular to the surface of the bone.
  • Figure 3 which shows a top plan view of the bone plate, it can be seen that regions 24 in which the bone screws 16 are inserted is sized greater in dimension D2 than in the size of corresponding dimension D2' of the intermediate regions 26.
  • the plate 12 is provided with a first dimension D 1 , a second dimension D2 ( Figure 3), and a third dimension D3 ( Figure 2). While as shown in the disclosed embodiments, D 1 corresponds to length dimension L, D2 corresponds to width dimension W, and D3 corresponds to depth dimension, or thickness T, this may not always be the case. That is, for example, D 1 may not always correspond to L, it may in other cases correspond to some other dimension, such as W. For this reason, the present disclosure will hereinafter use only the generic terminology with the understanding that what the terminology denotes is determined on a case-by-case basis.
  • dimension Dl of the apertures 16 in the bone plate 12 are sized greater than dimension D2 of the apertures 16.
  • the size of at least one of the corresponding dimensions D 1 , D2 of the shaft of the bone screw and/or screw head are smaller than the dimension D 1 of the aperture 14.
  • D1 D2, further in which case both dimensions are smaller than the dimensionDl of the aperture 16.) Therefore, when screws are within the apertures 16, open space is present within the aperture on at least in the direction in which D 1 extends. This enables the screw to move in the direction of the D 1 dimension. In one embodiment D 1 runs in the direction of the length dimension of the bone plate. This arrangement is shown in Figure 5.
  • the intermediate regions are provided with apertures 28. These apertures provide a view of the underlying bone structure, and further, provide a location for the bone graft.
  • the sidewalls 30 defining the aperture 16 are provided with a tapered profile, in which the cross sectional area of aperture 16 at the bottom 12a of the plate 12 is smaller than the cross sectional area of the aperture 16 at the top 12b of the plate 12.
  • the cross sectional area of the aperture 16 gradually increases from the bottom plate side 12a to the top plateside 12b. This can be effected by gradually increasing the size of dimensionDl and/orthesize of dimensionD2 over the traversal of dimensionD3 from the bottom of 12a to the top ofplate 12b.
  • Screw 14 is shown having a head 30 connected to a shaft 32.
  • the shaft is provided with threads that permit it to be inserted into an anatomical body, such as bone or tissue, by rotating it.
  • the screw head is provided with a groove or slot 36 in its top surface 38, which may be key shaped or hex shaped,
  • the screw head 36 receives the head of a screwdriver, drill, hex driver, or other device used to drive the screw into bone.
  • These screws, as well as the bone plate 12 and screw retaining member 22 may be constructed of any material known to be suited for constructing surgical implants. To name just a few merely for exemplary purposes, such materials include titanium, cobalt chromium alloy, stainless steel, plastic materials, and bioabsorsbable materials.
  • a suitable screw used in joining the screw retaining member to the bone plate may be the Spiralock®, available from Spiralock Corporation, Madison Hills, MI, USA.
  • a suitable screw retaining member 22 is shown in Figure 4A.
  • the screw retaining member 22 has a shape in which its size in the mid portion of the member 23 is greater than the size at the edges 25 of the member. That is, with reference to the previously defined orientation of the dimensions of the bone plate, the screw retaining member 22 has a dimension DIM sized greater in the mid portion 23 of the member 22 than the dimension D IE at the edges 25 of the member 23. Dimension D 1 of the screw retaining member gradually decreases from the mid portion 23 to the edges 25 of the member, so that the screw retaining member has a tapered wing-like appearance. The edges cover at least a portion of the bone screws.
  • the edges 25 of the screw retaining member reside over the groove in the same plane as the top surface 40 ofthe bone screw 12. In one embodiment, the edges 25 ofthe screw retaining member reside in the groove in the same plane as the top surface 40 ofthe bone screw 12. In yet another embodiment, the screw retaining member is in contact with the bone screw 12.
  • the screw retaining member 22 is provided with an aperture 40 located in its mid portion 23.
  • the aperture 40 ofthe screw retaining member 22 is not provided with uniform dimensions.
  • Dimension D 1 ofthe apertures 40 in the screw retaining member 22 is shown as greater in size than dimension D2 of the apertures 16 .
  • FIG. 7 An additional embodiment ofthe screw retaining member are shown in Figure 7.
  • the edges 25 ofthe screw retaining member are provided with bulbous protrusions that engage with and reside in the groove or apertures ofthe bone screws.
  • FIG 8. An embodiment of an assembly showing this arrangement is shown in Figure 8.
  • the screw retaining member can be brought into compression against the bone screws.
  • the assembly is implanted in an anatomical body, such as when bone screws are inserted though the bone plate apertures and implanted in adjoining vertebrae, the bone screws can move linearly within the apertures in response to a load placed on the vertebrae.
  • the screws ofthe implant are capable of moving in a linear direction in response to the compression.
  • the movement in a linear direction is effected by the screws 14 moving through the apertures 16 in the bone plate 12.
  • the edges ofthe retaining member 22 catch the top surface 38 ofthe screw, and accordingly, the retaining member 22 moves linearly along with the screw 14, since the aperture through which the screw is positioned has the same dimensional orientation as the dimensional orientation ofthe apertures through which the bone screws are placed (i.e., the longer dimensions Dl ofthe apertures 16, 40 in the bone plate 12 and screw retaining member 22 are oriented with each other).
  • the retaining member shoulders part ofthe load of compression and helps the bone screws maintain a linear orientation under compression.
  • the screw retaining member does not contact the screw head, and there is a gap between the screw retaining member and the top surface ofthe bone screw.
  • the screw retaining member is situated over the bone screw, sufficiently close thereto to prevent the screw from backing out ofthe bone in which it is inserted.
  • the tapered shape ofthe screw retaining member which will be described below, allows the bone screw to be inserted at variety of angles, including perpendicular to the surface ofthe bone and at, for example, angles of 5 degrees and 10 degrees to the shaft ofthe screw when the screw is inserted perpendicular to the surface ofthe bone.
  • the aperture ofthe screw retaining member which receives the set screw can be dimensioned in a way that the set screw fills the entirety ofthe aperture in which the set screw is received, thereby not allowing for movement ofthe screw retaining member.
  • the upper surface 52 ofthe bone plate in the areas between the apertures and 16 is flat, although the overall shape ofthe bone plate when viewed from its ends, is arcuate.
  • the bottom surface 54 ofthe screw retaining member 22 in this area is arcuate, so that along the segment between the apertures 18 and 16 the screw retaining member 22 and the bone plate are in only at the sidewall 56 ofthe aperture 16.

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a bone assembly (10) including a bone plate (12), bone screws (14) received in apertures (16) in the assembly (10), and a screw retaining member (22) fixed to the bone plate (12) which covers at least a portion of the bone screws (14). When bone screws (14) have been received by the bone plate (12) and inserted into bone and/or tissue, the bone plate assembly (10) can be used to fuse anatomical structures together, such as adjoining bones, or to heal a fracture in bone.

Description

A BONE PLATE ASSEMBLY INCLUDING A SCREW RETAINING MEMBER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a bone plate assembly including a bone plate, bone screws received in apertures in the bone plate, and a screw retaining member attached to the bone plate which covers at least a portion of the bone screws. When bone screws have been received by the bone plate and inserted into bone and/or tissue, the bone plate assembly can be used to fuse anatomical structures together, such as adjoining bones, or to heal a fracture in bone.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The bones and connective tissue of an adult human spinal column consist of more than twenty discrete bones coupled sequentially to one another by a tri-j oint complex. The complex consists of an anterior disc and two posterior facet joints. The anterior discs of adjacent bones are cushioned by cartilage spacers referred to as intervertebral discs . The bones of the spinal column are categorized as: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral. The cervical portion of the spine which comprises the top of the spine up to the base of the skull, includes the first seven vertebrae. The intermediate twelve bones are thoracic vertebrae, and connect to the lower spine comprising the five lumbar vertebrae. The base of the spine is a sacral bones (including the coccyx). The spinal column of bones is a highly complex anatomical structure as evidenced by the sophisticated interaction between the bones which comprise it. Furthermore, the spinal column houses and protects critical elements of the nervous system. Despite its complexity, the spine is a highly flexible structure, capable of a high degree of curvature and twist in nearly every direction.
Various types of problems can affect the structure and function of the spinal column. Such problems can be based on degenerative conditions of the intervertebral disc or the articulating joints, or trauma to the disc, bone, or ligaments supporting the spine. Other problems include tumor or infection. In addition, congenital or acquired deformities can cause abnormal angulation or slippage of the spine. Slippage (spondyloUsthesis) anterior of one vertebral body on another can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerves. Patients who suffer from one or more of these conditions often experience extreme and debilitating pain, and can sustain permanent neurologic damage if the conditions are not treated appropriately.
One technique of treating these disorders is known as surgical pathrodisis of the spine. This can be accomplished by removing the intervertebral disc and replacing it with bone and immobilizing the spine to allow the eventual fusion or growth of the bone across the disc space to connect the adjoining vertebral bodies together. The stabilization of the vertebrae to allow fusion is often assisted by a surgically implanted device to hold the vertebral bodies in proper alignment and allow the bone to heal, much like placing a cast on a fractured bone. Such techniques have been effectively used to treat the above described conditions and in most cases these techniques are effective at reducing the patient' s pain and preventing neurologic loss of function. However, there are disadvantages to the present stabilization devices and to the available tools to implant them.
The spinal fixation device should permit partial sharing of the weight of the vertebral bodies across the bone graft site. Bone will not heal if it is stress shielded from all weight bearing. The fixation device needs to allow for this weight sharing along with the micromotion that happens during weight sharing until the fusion is complete, often for a period of three to six months or longer, without breakage.
The device must be strong enough to resist collapsing forces or abnormal angulation during the healing of the bone. Loss of alignment during healing can adversely affect the recovery. The device must be secure in its attachment to the spine to prevent migration of the implant or back out of the screws from the bone which could result in damage to the structures surrounding the spine, causing severe and potentially life threatening complications. The device must be safely and consistently implanted without damage to the patient.
The conventional method of installing bone screws entails drilling a hole, tapping the hole and threading the bone screw into the bone. To drill the hole a guide is held next to or attached to the plate. A drill is inserted into the guide and the hole drilled into the bone. The guide is removed and a tap is threaded through the hole attempting to follow the same angle as the drill hole. Caution must be used to prevent the sharp edges of the tap from damaging surrounding tissues or in creating too large a tap hole by toggling the handle of the tap. This will reduce the security of the screw bite into the bone and increases the likelihood of screw pullout. After tapping, the screw must be guided at the proper angle into the hole that has been created, as inadvertent misalignment can reduce pullout strength or result in damage to surrounding nerves or arteries.
Genetic or developmental irregularities, trauma, chronic stress, tumors and disease, however, can result in spinal pathologies which either limit this range of motion, or which threatens the critical elements of the nervous system housed within the spinal column. A variety of systems have been disclosed in the art which achieve this immobilization by use of a surgical implant. It is known that with cervical plates, the screw head may be provided with an arcuate shape, and the plate may be provided with a recess having a complimentary shape that receives the shape of the head. In this arrangement, the head and plate share load bearing responsibilities over an enlarged surface area. Further, since each of the head and recess have arcuate surfaces, the screw shaft is able to rotate in an arcuate path relative to its longitudinal axis. For instance, as shown in U.S. Patent no.5,534,027 at col.4 lines 18-19 and
Figure 5, it is possible for "axis "A" of the screw 10 to be at an angle "AA" to axis "B" of the hole 31.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a bone plate assembly including a bone plate having apertures through which bone screws are received and a screw retaining member that covers at least a portion of the bone screws. The screw retaining member is provided with an aperture that receives a member such as a screw which fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate. The bone plate assembly of the present invention can be fastened to at least two bones, or at least two portions of bones, in order to facilitate the healing process. The bone plate is provided with apertures through which bone screws are received and fitted into drill holes, in order to fasten the plate to bone.
In one embodiment, the screw holes in the bone plate are not provided with uniform dimensions. For example, in one embodiment, the size of a dimension Dl of the apertures is greater than the size of a dimension D2 of the apertures. In another embodiment, D 1 corresponds to the length dimension of the aperture and D2 corresponds to the width dimension of the aperture. In yet another embodiment, length dimension D 1 of the aperture runs in the same direction as length dimension
D 1 of the bone plate. The bone screws which are inserted into the apertures, which have a screw head, and a shaft, possess dimensions that permit the screw to move in the Dl dimension.
In yet a further embodiment, the aperture of the screw retaining member is not provided with uniform dimensions. For example, in one embodiment, the size of a dimension D 1 of the apertures in the screw retaining members is greater than the size of a dimension D2 of the apertures in the screw retaining members. In another embodiment, Dl corresponds to the length dimension of the apertures and D2 corresponds to the width dimension of the apertures. In yet another embodiment, length dimension D 1 of the apertures in the screw retaining members runs in the same direction as length dimension Dl of the apertures that receive the bone screws. In yet another embodiment, length dimension D 1 of the apertures in the screw retaining members runs in the same direction as length dimension D 1 of the of the apertures that receive the bone screws, and in the same direction as length dimension Dl of the bone plate. The screws which are inserted into the apertures in the screw retaining members and fix it to the bone plate possess a smaller dimension in the D 1 direction the screw retaining member is able to move with respect to the Dl dimension of its aperture.
In a further embodiment, the screw retaining member is in contact with the bone screw when the screw retaining member is fixed to the bone plate. In another embodiment, the screw retaining member, or a portion thereof, resides in a position that permits it to contact the bone screw when the bone screw moves within the bone plate. Accordingly, in these embodiments, the present invention permits the screws and screw retaining members to move in at least one direction. This is desirable, as it allows the locations of the screws and screw retaining members to shift in accordance with the shifting loads placed upon the vertebrae to which the plate is anchored. In yet another embodiment, the screw retaining member is spaced away from the bone plate in a position prevents the screw retaining member from backing out of the bone plate, which could happen if the screws unloosened from the bone in which they were inserted.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a bone plate assembly for implantation in an anatomical body having a bone plate having apertures and bone screws received in the apertures, a screw retaining member having an aperture for receiving a member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the bone plate having a location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the screw retaining member covering at least a portion of the bone screw, wherein when the screw retaining member is fixed to the bone plate, a gap is present between the bone plate and screw retaining member in the region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, and further, the screw retaining member rests upon the bone plate in at least one bone plate location. In yet another embodiment, the screw retaining member rests upon the bone plate at a sidewall of the apertures for receiving the bone screws. In yet a further embodiment, the bone plate is provided with a relatively flat region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate. In yet a further embodiment, the screw retaining member is provided with an arcuate region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate. In a yet further embodiment, the screw retaining member is provided with an arcuate region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, and the bone plate is provided with a relatively flat region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 is an end view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 3 is a top plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4A is a top plan view of an screw retaining member.
Figure 4B is a top plan view of a portion of a bone plate.
Figure 5 is a further top plan view of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 is a side elevational view of an bone screw used in the embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 7 shows an additional embodiment of the screw retaining member.
Figure 8 shows an embodiment of an assembly showing the screw retaining member of Figure 7. Figure0- is an end view of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a top plan view of another embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 shows an additional embodiment of the screw retaining member.
Figure 12 shows an end view of yet another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 is a perspective view of features of the Figure 12 embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Figure 1 presents a perspective view of the structure 10 of the present invention in which bone plate 12 is shown with bone screws 14 inserted into the apertures 16 within the plate 12. The bone plate 12 is further provided with apertures 18 located between the apertures 16, which receive a screw in order to fix the screw retaining member 22 in place.
As best viewed in Figure 2, the bone plate has an accurate shape which mirrors the shape of the bone structure against which it is placed. In this Figure and in Figure 7, the screw retaining member 22 has hemispherical surfaces 50 at the edges 25 that contact the heads of the bone screws. With this arrangement, the screw retaining member 22 shares some of the load borne by the bone screws, which possibly may reduce or eliminate the occurrence of load shear upon the screws. Alternatively, the hemispherical surfaces can be omitted. See Figure 11.
Figure 9 shows an arrangement in which the screw head and screw retaining member are not in contact with each other. The screw retaining member is situated over the bone screw, sufficiently close thereto to prevent the screw from backing out of the bone in which it is inserted. In this arrangement the tapered shape of the screw retaining member, which will be described below, allows the bone screw to be inserted at variety of angles, including perpendicular to the surface of the bone and at, for example, angles of 5 degrees and 10 degrees to the shaft of the screw when the screw is inserted perpendicular to the surface of the bone. Turning now to Figure 3 which shows a top plan view of the bone plate, it can be seen that regions 24 in which the bone screws 16 are inserted is sized greater in dimension D2 than in the size of corresponding dimension D2' of the intermediate regions 26.
The plate 12 is provided with a first dimension D 1 , a second dimension D2 (Figure 3), and a third dimension D3 (Figure 2). While as shown in the disclosed embodiments, D 1 corresponds to length dimension L, D2 corresponds to width dimension W, and D3 corresponds to depth dimension, or thickness T, this may not always be the case. That is, for example, D 1 may not always correspond to L, it may in other cases correspond to some other dimension, such as W. For this reason, the present disclosure will hereinafter use only the generic terminology with the understanding that what the terminology denotes is determined on a case-by-case basis.
Referring to Figure 4B, dimension Dl of the apertures 16 in the bone plate 12are sized greater than dimension D2 of the apertures 16. The size of at least one of the corresponding dimensions D 1 , D2 of the shaft of the bone screw and/or screw head are smaller than the dimension D 1 of the aperture 14. (It should be understood that with respect to screws, often there is symmetry, in which case
D1=D2, further in which case both dimensions are smaller than the dimensionDl of the aperture 16.) Therefore, when screws are within the apertures 16, open space is present within the aperture on at least in the direction in which D 1 extends. This enables the screw to move in the direction of the D 1 dimension. In one embodiment D 1 runs in the direction of the length dimension of the bone plate. This arrangement is shown in Figure 5.
The intermediate regions are provided with apertures 28. These apertures provide a view of the underlying bone structure, and further, provide a location for the bone graft.
As best seen in Figure 2, the sidewalls 30 defining the aperture 16 are provided with a tapered profile, in which the cross sectional area of aperture 16 at the bottom 12a of the plate 12 is smaller than the cross sectional area of the aperture 16 at the top 12b of the plate 12. Over dimension D3 , the cross sectional area of the aperture 16 gradually increases from the bottom plate side 12a to the top plateside 12b. This can be effected by gradually increasing the size of dimensionDl and/orthesize of dimensionD2 over the traversal of dimensionD3 from the bottom of 12a to the top ofplate 12b.
A screw suitable for use in conjunction with the bone plate 12 is shown inFigure6. Screw 14 is shown having a head 30 connected to a shaft 32. The shaft is provided with threads that permit it to be inserted into an anatomical body, such as bone or tissue, by rotating it. The screw head is provided with a groove or slot 36 in its top surface 38, which may be key shaped or hex shaped, The screw head 36 receives the head of a screwdriver, drill, hex driver, or other device used to drive the screw into bone. These screws, as well as the bone plate 12 and screw retaining member 22 may be constructed of any material known to be suited for constructing surgical implants. To name just a few merely for exemplary purposes, such materials include titanium, cobalt chromium alloy, stainless steel, plastic materials, and bioabsorsbable materials.
A suitable screw used in joining the screw retaining member to the bone plate may be the Spiralock®, available from Spiralock Corporation, Madison Hills, MI, USA.
A suitable screw retaining member 22 is shown in Figure 4A. The screw retaining member 22 has a shape in which its size in the mid portion of the member 23 is greater than the size at the edges 25 of the member. That is, with reference to the previously defined orientation of the dimensions of the bone plate, the screw retaining member 22 has a dimension DIM sized greater in the mid portion 23 of the member 22 than the dimension D IE at the edges 25 of the member 23. Dimension D 1 of the screw retaining member gradually decreases from the mid portion 23 to the edges 25 of the member, so that the screw retaining member has a tapered wing-like appearance. The edges cover at least a portion of the bone screws. In one embodiment, the edges 25 of the screw retaining member reside over the groove in the same plane as the top surface 40 ofthe bone screw 12. In one embodiment, the edges 25 ofthe screw retaining member reside in the groove in the same plane as the top surface 40 ofthe bone screw 12. In yet another embodiment, the screw retaining member is in contact with the bone screw 12.
Still with reference to Figure 4 A, the screw retaining member 22 is provided with an aperture 40 located in its mid portion 23. The aperture 40 ofthe screw retaining member 22 is not provided with uniform dimensions. Dimension D 1 ofthe apertures 40 in the screw retaining member 22 is shown as greater in size than dimension D2 of the apertures 16 . The size of at least one of the corresponding dimensions D 1 , D2 ofthe screw are smaller than the dimension D 1 ofthe aperture 40. (It should be understood that with respect to screws, often there is symmetry, in which case D 1=D2, further in which case both dimensions are smaller than the dimension D 1 ofthe aperture 40.) Screws
20 are received within the apertures 40 and received within aperture 18 ofthe bone plate, thereby joining the screw retaining member to the bone plate 12.
An additional embodiment ofthe screw retaining member are shown in Figure 7. Here, the edges 25 ofthe screw retaining member are provided with bulbous protrusions that engage with and reside in the groove or apertures ofthe bone screws. An embodiment of an assembly showing this arrangement is shown in Figure 8. When the screw received in aperture 40 ofthe screw retaining member is tightened, the screw retaining member can be brought into compression against the bone screws. When the assembly is implanted in an anatomical body, such as when bone screws are inserted though the bone plate apertures and implanted in adjoining vertebrae, the bone screws can move linearly within the apertures in response to a load placed on the vertebrae. In other words, when the spinal column is compressed, the screws ofthe implant are capable of moving in a linear direction in response to the compression. The movement in a linear direction is effected by the screws 14 moving through the apertures 16 in the bone plate 12. As the screws 14 move, the edges ofthe retaining member 22 catch the top surface 38 ofthe screw, and accordingly, the retaining member 22 moves linearly along with the screw 14, since the aperture through which the screw is positioned has the same dimensional orientation as the dimensional orientation ofthe apertures through which the bone screws are placed (i.e., the longer dimensions Dl ofthe apertures 16, 40 in the bone plate 12 and screw retaining member 22 are oriented with each other). In this arrangement, the retaining member shoulders part ofthe load of compression and helps the bone screws maintain a linear orientation under compression.
In a further embodiment, shown in Figures 9 and 10, the screw retaining member does not contact the screw head, and there is a gap between the screw retaining member and the top surface ofthe bone screw. The screw retaining member is situated over the bone screw, sufficiently close thereto to prevent the screw from backing out ofthe bone in which it is inserted. In this arrangement the tapered shape ofthe screw retaining member, which will be described below, allows the bone screw to be inserted at variety of angles, including perpendicular to the surface ofthe bone and at, for example, angles of 5 degrees and 10 degrees to the shaft ofthe screw when the screw is inserted perpendicular to the surface ofthe bone. In this arrangement, the aperture ofthe screw retaining member which receives the set screw can be dimensioned in a way that the set screw fills the entirety ofthe aperture in which the set screw is received, thereby not allowing for movement ofthe screw retaining member. In yet a further embodiment, shown in Figures 12 and l3, the upper surface 52 ofthe bone plate in the areas between the apertures and 16 is flat, although the overall shape ofthe bone plate when viewed from its ends, is arcuate. The bottom surface 54 ofthe screw retaining member 22 in this area is arcuate, so that along the segment between the apertures 18 and 16 the screw retaining member 22 and the bone plate are in only at the sidewall 56 ofthe aperture 16. When set screw 20 is tightened, fixing the screw retaining member in place, the application of a downward force in the midportion ofthe screw retaining member causes the screw retaining member to move into the gap 58 between the bone plate and screw retaining member. Movement ofthe screw retaining member causes the edges of the screw retaining member to flex upward. With this arrangement, the set screw 20is prevented from backing out.
Numerous modifications and variations ofthe present invention are possible in light ofthe above teachings. It is evident that variations on the present invention may be constructed, which, in accordance with controlling law, are still subject to the claims written in view ofthe preceding disclosure.

Claims

We claim:
1) Aboneplate assembly for implantation in an anatomical body, comprisedof: aboneplate having apertures sized greater in at least one dimension than bone screws received in the apertures, a screw retaining member having an aperture for receiving a member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the screw retaining member covering at least a portion ofthe bone screws, wherein the aperture in the screw retaining member is sized greater in at least one dimension than a member received within the aperture fixing the screw retaining member to the bone plate, wherein when the assembly is implanted in an anatomical body, the bone screws and screw retaining member are movable in a path corresponding to the dimensions defined by the respective apertures.
2) The bone plate assembly of claim 1 wherein the at least one dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member extend in the direction of a first dimension ofthe bone plate, the bone plate also having a second dimension, wherein the first dimension ofthe bone plate is sized greater than the second dimension ofthe bone plate. 3) The bone plate assembly of claim 1 wherein the at least one dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member corresponds to the length dimension and the apertures further possess a second dimension which corresponds to the width dimension.
4) The bone plate assembly of claim 2 wherein the at least one dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member extend in the direction of a first dimension ofthe bone plate, which also has a second dimension, wherein the first dimension ofthe bone plate is sized greater than the second dimension ofthe bone plate, and wherein the first dimension ofthe bone plate, the at least one dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate, and the at least one dimension ofthe aperture in the screw retaining member correspond to the length dimension, and the second dimension ofthe bone plate, a second dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate, and a second dimension ofthe aperture in the screw retaining member correspond to the width dimension.
5) The assembly of claim 1 wherein the screw retaining member has a midportion where the aperture is located and edge portions on the sides ofthe midportion which cover the bone screws, wherein the screw retaining member extends in a first and second dimension, wherein the size ofthe first dimension is greater in the midportion ofthe screw retaining member than size ofthe first dimension at the edges.
6) The assembly of claim 5 wherein the bone screw has a top surface having a groove.
7) The assembly of claim 6 wherein the edge portions ofthe screw retaining member resides over the groove in the same plane as the top surface ofthe bone screw.
8) The assembly of claim 6 wherein the edge portions ofthe screw retaining member reside in the groove on the top surface ofthe bone screw.
9) The assembly of claim 8 wherein the edge portions ofthe screw retaining member are provided with protrusions that reside in the groove on the top surface ofthe bone screw. 10) The assembly of claim 6 wherein the screw retaining member contacts the top surface ofthe bone screw.
11) The assembly of claim 9 wherein the screw retaining member contacts the top surface ofthe bone screw.
12) The assembly of claim 1 wherein the apertures on the bone screw are located in a recessed portion ofthe bone plate.
13) A bone plate assembly for implantation in an anatomical body, comprised of: a bone plate having apertures with a first dimension sized greater than a second dimension; bone screws received in the apertures, a screw retaining member having anaperture for receiving a member that fixes the bone plate and covers at least a portion ofthe bone screw, the bone plate having a location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, wherein the aperture in the screw retaining member has first and second dimensions, wherein the first dimension is greater in size than the second dimension, wherein when the assembly is implanted in an anatomical body the bone screws and screw retaining member are movable in a path corresponding to the dimensions defined by the respective apertures.
14) The bone plate assembly of claim 13 wherein the first dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member extend in the direction of a first dimension ofthe bone plate, the bone plate also having a second dimension, wherein the first dimension ofthe bone plate is sized greater than the second dimension ofthe bone plate. 15 ) The bone plate assembly of claim 13 wherein the first dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member corresponds to the length dimension and the second dimensions ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member corresponds to the width dimension.
16) The bone plate assembly of claim 14 wherein the first dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate and the screw retaining member extend in the direction of a first dimension ofthe bone plate, which also has a second dimension, wherein the first dimension ofthe bone plate is sized greater than the second dimension ofthe bone plate, and wherein the first dimension ofthe bone plate, the first dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate, and the first dimension ofthe aperture in the screw retaining member correspond to the length dimension, and the second dimension ofthe bone plate, the second dimension ofthe apertures in the bone plate, and the second dimension ofthe aperture in the screw retaining member correspond to the width dimension.
17) The assembly of claim 15 wherein the screw retaining member has a midportion where the aperture is located and edge portions on the sides ofthe midportion which cover the bone screws, wherein the screw retaining member extends in a first and second dimension, wherein the size ofthe first dimension is greater in the midportion ofthe screw retaining member than size ofthe first dimension at the edges.
18) The assembly of claim 17 wherein the bone screws have a top surface having a groove.
19) The assembly of claim 18 wherein the edge portions ofthe screw retaining member resides over the groove in the same plane as the top surface ofthe bone screws.
20) The assembly of claim 18 wherein the edge portions ofthe screw retaining member reside in the groove on the top surface ofthe bone screws.
21) The assembly of claim 18 wherein the screw retaining member contacts the top surface ofthe bone screws.
22) The assembly of claim 13 wherein the apertures on the bone.screws are located in a recessed portion of the bone plate. 23) A screw retaining member fixable to a bone plate, wherein the screw retaining member is comprised of a midportion where the screw retaining member is fixed to the bone plate, and edge portions on the sides ofthe midportion, wherein the screw retaining member extends in a first and second dimension, wherein the size ofthe first dimension is greater in the midportion ofthe screw retaining member than size ofthe first dimension at the edges.
24) The screw retaining member of claim 23 wherein the size ofthe first dimension decreases gradually from the midportion ofthe screw retaining member to the edges.
25) The screw retaining member of claim 23 wherein the screw retaining member is provided with a set screw that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate. 26) A bone plate assembly for implantation in an anatomical body, comprised of: a bone plate having apertures and bone screws received in the apertures, a screw retaining member having an aperture for receiving a member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the bone plate having a location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, the screw retaining member covering at least a portion ofthe bone screw, wherein when the screw retaining member is fixed to the bone plate, a gap is present between the bone plate and screw retaining member in the region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate, and further, the screw retaining member rests upon the bone plate in at least one bone plate location. 27) The bone plate assembly of claim 26 wherein the screw retaining member rests upon the bone plate at a sidewall ofthe apertures for receiving the bone screws. 28) The bone plate assembly of claim 26 wherein the bone plate is provided with a relatively flat region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate. 29) The bone plate assembly of claim 26 wherein the screw retaining member is provided with an arcuate region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate.
30) The bone plate assembly of claim 29 wherein the screw retaining member is provided with an arcuate region between the apertures for the bone screws and the location for receiving the member that fixes the screw retaining member to the bone plate.
PCT/US2001/049248 2000-12-14 2001-12-19 A bone plate assembly WO2003053262A1 (en)

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AU2002249822A AU2002249822A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 A bone plate assembly
PCT/US2001/049248 WO2003053262A1 (en) 2000-12-14 2001-12-19 A bone plate assembly

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