WO2003011406A1 - A method for measuring the length of a sports performance - Google Patents

A method for measuring the length of a sports performance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003011406A1
WO2003011406A1 PCT/FI2002/000648 FI0200648W WO03011406A1 WO 2003011406 A1 WO2003011406 A1 WO 2003011406A1 FI 0200648 W FI0200648 W FI 0200648W WO 03011406 A1 WO03011406 A1 WO 03011406A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sports
path
point
performance
sports implement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2002/000648
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Erkki Rantalainen
Original Assignee
Oy Virtual Advertising Systems Vas Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oy Virtual Advertising Systems Vas Ltd filed Critical Oy Virtual Advertising Systems Vas Ltd
Publication of WO2003011406A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003011406A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B63/00—Targets or goals for ball games
    • A63B63/007—Target zones without opening defined on a substantially horizontal surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
    • G06T7/246—Analysis of motion using feature-based methods, e.g. the tracking of corners or segments
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
    • A63B2024/0037—Tracking a path or terminating locations on a target surface or at impact on the ground
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2102/00—Application of clubs, bats, rackets or the like to the sporting activity ; particular sports involving the use of balls and clubs, bats, rackets, or the like
    • A63B2102/32—Golf
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/08—Jumping, vaulting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/15—Discus throwing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/16—Spear or javelin throwing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2244/00—Sports without balls
    • A63B2244/17—Hammer throwing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30221—Sports video; Sports image

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for measuring the distance accomplished in a sports performance .
  • the result accomplished in javelin throwing and similar sports performances is measured using a measuring tape.
  • the measuring tape has been almost completely replaced by optical measuring methods, in which a prism or equivalent is taken to the spot where the sports implement hit the ground and its position is determined optically.
  • a specific object of the invention is to disclose a new type of measuring method that allows a measurement of the distance accomplished in a sports performance to be carried out completely independently of human factors, completely automatically and immediately so that, in a television broadcast, e.g. when a javelin hits the ground, the result can be read on the screen immediately, with a delay of less than a second.
  • the method of the invention has been developed primarily for the throwing sports in athletics, for the javelin, shot-put, discus and hammer. However, it can also be applied e.g. in the long jump and triple jump, in ski jumping, in long drive contests in golfing and similar sports, i.e. in all sports where the distance from a given starting point to another point traversed by a sports implement or an athlete is to be measured accurately and quickly.
  • an electronic image processing system comprising a camera is used.
  • reference points whose exact position is known in the image processing system are disposed at place of performance. The number of reference points may vary depending on the expanse of the place of performance and the divergence of the results to be measured at the place of performance.
  • the sports implement is provided with an identifying means, which may be a reflector or a transmitter. Via the image processing system, using the camera included in it, the moving identifying means, i.e. sports implement is monitored so that the path of the sports implement can be determined at least as far as necessary. ,
  • the known flight path or a part of it is analyzed to detect a discontinuity of the path, which will be the same as the spot where the sports implement hit the ground.
  • a discontinuity of the path which will be the same as the spot where the sports implement hit the ground.
  • other discontinuities of the path such as the end point of the path in a long drive contest in golfing, or a third point of discontinuity in triple jump, if the entire path is registered.
  • at least one reference point, whose position coordinates are known to the system is identified and determined from the same image. After this, as the position coordinates of the reference points on the image surface as well as the position of the desired measuring point, i.e. the aforesaid discontinuity on the image surface are known, the system automatically determines the position coordinates of the point of discontinuity of the sports performance, in other words, it determines the distance accomplished in the sports performance.
  • the path of the sports implement is determined from individual pictures of the sports implement taken by the camera, by extrapolating the path of the sports implement over the last picture towards the point of discontinuity of the path.
  • the measuring point can be estimated with sufficient accuracy from only a few images taken sufficiently near the end of the path.
  • extrapolation can also be performed backwards along the path.
  • the end of the path is determined from the point at which the height coordinate of the sports implement reaches a given level.
  • the flight path of the sports implement is only monitored by the camera during the sports performance, and the point at which the height coordinate of the path has a predetermined value, generally that of the level of the surface of the place of performance, is registered as the measuring point .
  • the sports implement is equipped to emit radiation distinguishable from the environment, e.g. polarized light. It can also be marked with a color sufficiently distinct from the environment.
  • the essential point is that it can be monitored and its path registered using a camera or an equivalent image processing technique.
  • the sports implement used in the method of the invention may be equipped to emit either continuous or pulsed radiation.
  • the pulse frequency may be higher than the image frequency of the camera, in which case it will be possible to determine more than one position of the sports implement from each image taken by the camera.
  • the method of the invention it is possible to use one or more cameras.
  • the system identifies the optical marks at the reference points and on the sports implements from the images provided by the cameras . Based on the image coordinates and the geometry data for the place of performance, the system determines the coordinates of the sports implement in the coordinate system of the place of performance. In this way, the coordinates of e.g. the landing spot of a javelin and the length of the throw can be established.
  • the method of the invention has significant advantages as compared with prior art.
  • distances accomplished in sports performances are measured practically without delay, which means that events comprising rapid and continuous activity and thus suited for television broadcasts can be obtained from throwing sports as well.
  • Fewer officials are needed on the sports field, because in the landing area no other persons are needed except one for returning the implement .
  • the system produces absolutely accurate and impartial results as the measuring point is always determined by the same criteria defined in the system and completely automatically without the slightest possibility of human influence.
  • the possibility of human error and of intentional manipulation of results and home-favoring - which is fairly common even in major international athletic contests - is eliminated.
  • Fig. 1 presents a measuring arrangement according to the invention, where the place of performance 1 for e.g. discus throwing is provided with curved measurement lines 2 placed to mark distances of e.g. 50, 60 and 70 meters. Placed at both ends and at the middle of the measurement lines are reference points 3, whose positions are exactly determined in relation to the throwing point, so that the three points on each line accurately define a certain circular arc.
  • the reference points need not necessarily be located on the same measurement arcs; instead, they may be placed at completely random positions and independently of each other in the landing area. The essential thing is only that their position coordinates, i.e. their positions relative to the throwing point, i.e. the starting point of the sports performance, are precisely known in the image processing system.
  • the camera 4 comprised in the electronic image processing system 7 is directed towards the place of performance 1, and the throwing implement, i.e. discus 5 is provided with a polarizing surface functioning as a mark that, being distinct from the background, enables it to be easily detected by the camera.
  • the camera By means of the camera, several successive images are taken of the flight path of the discus 5, at least near the landing spot 6 of the discus. Generally the discus bounces up from the ground and a new flight path is formed, which is also recorded by the camera.
  • the flight of the discus After the flight of the discus has thus been videographed, it will be possible to determine the entire flight path of the discus by image processing techniques if desirable, and above all the exact landing spot 6 can be determined.
  • the landing spot As the landing spot is known and the exact coordinates of the reference points in the image are also known, the coordinates of the landing spot can be determined from the image by an image processing technique. Once the coordinates have been determined, the length of the throw is also obtained and can be presented on a scoreboard 8 practically at the same instant as the sports implement hits the ground.
  • the flight path of the discus near the landing spot need not necessarily be determined, because it is sufficient to detect the point of discontinuity of the flight path, i.e. the landing point, which is generally within a certain area in the field.
  • the start of the sports performance and the initial portion of the flight path need not necessarily be videographed, so it is also possible to use a fixed camera, which is directed with a sufficiently wide view angle towards the landing area.
  • Another possibility is that, as the flight path is being monitored, the height coordinate of the discus is monitored as well. In this case, when the height coordinate of the discus reaches a given level, i.e. the level of the field, the corresponding point of the flight path is determined.

Abstract

A method for measuring the distance accomplished in a sports performance, in which method the place of performance is provided with reference points whose exact position is known. In addition, the sports implement is provided with an identifying means emitting a radiation, which is monitored by a camera comprised in an image processing system to determine the path of the sports implement. The system determines the point of discontinuity of the path and, by utilizing the known reference points, the position coordinates of the point of discontinuity, from which the distance accomplished in the sports performance is obtained.

Description

A method for measuring the length of a sports performance
The present invention relates to a method for measuring the distance accomplished in a sports performance .
Traditionally, the result accomplished in javelin throwing and similar sports performances is measured using a measuring tape. Today, in major sports events, the measuring tape has been almost completely replaced by optical measuring methods, in which a prism or equivalent is taken to the spot where the sports implement hit the ground and its position is determined optically.
The problem with prior-art measuring methods is the slowness of the measurement and the fact that they are susceptible to human errors or intentional manipulation of the result. At present, the waiting time required for determining the result is 30 - 60 seconds, and that is considerably too much especially in the case of direct television broadcasting as the spectators demand continuous activity and events in the broadcasts. For this reason, television broadcasts of athletics contests show relatively little of field events while mainly running events are televised, only short shots of field events being shown between running events, unless commercial breaks are employed.
In an attempt to eliminate these problems, e.g. a solution as presented in specification EP 1158270 Al has been used, in which the sports performance is monitored by a camera. However, in this system, too, there is a possibility of human influence and error because the operator of the apparatus has to set the landing spot, i.e. to determine the measuring point. In addition, such human activity takes time, according to the specification only 2-4 seconds, but in practice certainly more. The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks. A specific object of the invention is to disclose a new type of measuring method that allows a measurement of the distance accomplished in a sports performance to be carried out completely independently of human factors, completely automatically and immediately so that, in a television broadcast, e.g. when a javelin hits the ground, the result can be read on the screen immediately, with a delay of less than a second.
The method of the invention has been developed primarily for the throwing sports in athletics, for the javelin, shot-put, discus and hammer. However, it can also be applied e.g. in the long jump and triple jump, in ski jumping, in long drive contests in golfing and similar sports, i.e. in all sports where the distance from a given starting point to another point traversed by a sports implement or an athlete is to be measured accurately and quickly.
As for the features of the invention, reference is made to the claims.
In the method of the invention for automatic measurement of the distance accomplished in a sports performance, an electronic image processing system comprising a camera is used. In the method, reference points whose exact position is known in the image processing system are disposed at place of performance. The number of reference points may vary depending on the expanse of the place of performance and the divergence of the results to be measured at the place of performance. In addition, according to the invention, the sports implement is provided with an identifying means, which may be a reflector or a transmitter. Via the image processing system, using the camera included in it, the moving identifying means, i.e. sports implement is monitored so that the path of the sports implement can be determined at least as far as necessary. ,
By means of the image processing system, the known flight path or a part of it is analyzed to detect a discontinuity of the path, which will be the same as the spot where the sports implement hit the ground. Of course, it is also possible to determine other discontinuities of the path, such as the end point of the path in a long drive contest in golfing, or a third point of discontinuity in triple jump, if the entire path is registered. In addition, at least one reference point, whose position coordinates are known to the system, is identified and determined from the same image. After this, as the position coordinates of the reference points on the image surface as well as the position of the desired measuring point, i.e. the aforesaid discontinuity on the image surface are known, the system automatically determines the position coordinates of the point of discontinuity of the sports performance, in other words, it determines the distance accomplished in the sports performance.
In an embodiment of the invention, the path of the sports implement is determined from individual pictures of the sports implement taken by the camera, by extrapolating the path of the sports implement over the last picture towards the point of discontinuity of the path. Thus, the measuring point can be estimated with sufficient accuracy from only a few images taken sufficiently near the end of the path. When the sports implement bounces forward from the point of discontinuity, extrapolation can also be performed backwards along the path.
In an embodiment of the invention, the end of the path is determined from the point at which the height coordinate of the sports implement reaches a given level. Thus, it is not necessary to register the entire path of the sports implement; instead, the flight path of the sports implement is only monitored by the camera during the sports performance, and the point at which the height coordinate of the path has a predetermined value, generally that of the level of the surface of the place of performance, is registered as the measuring point .
In an embodiment of the invention, the sports implement is equipped to emit radiation distinguishable from the environment, e.g. polarized light. It can also be marked with a color sufficiently distinct from the environment. The essential point is that it can be monitored and its path registered using a camera or an equivalent image processing technique.
The sports implement used in the method of the invention may be equipped to emit either continuous or pulsed radiation. The pulse frequency may be higher than the image frequency of the camera, in which case it will be possible to determine more than one position of the sports implement from each image taken by the camera.
In the method of the invention, it is possible to use one or more cameras. Provided at the place of performance, e.g. in the landing area for javelin throwing, are reference points marked with optical marks, the exact positions of which points are known, the positions having been fed into the image processing and measuring system used. If necessary, it is also possible to feed the system with data relating to the geometry of the place of performance, such as height data, and variations in said data. The system identifies the optical marks at the reference points and on the sports implements from the images provided by the cameras . Based on the image coordinates and the geometry data for the place of performance, the system determines the coordinates of the sports implement in the coordinate system of the place of performance. In this way, the coordinates of e.g. the landing spot of a javelin and the length of the throw can be established.
The method of the invention has significant advantages as compared with prior art. By this method, distances accomplished in sports performances are measured practically without delay, which means that events comprising rapid and continuous activity and thus suited for television broadcasts can be obtained from throwing sports as well. Fewer officials are needed on the sports field, because in the landing area no other persons are needed except one for returning the implement . The system produces absolutely accurate and impartial results as the measuring point is always determined by the same criteria defined in the system and completely automatically without the slightest possibility of human influence. In addition, the possibility of human error and of intentional manipulation of results and home-favoring - which is fairly common even in major international athletic contests - is eliminated.
In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawing, which is a diagrammatic representation of an automatic measuring arrangement comprising an electronic image processing system, designed to implement the method of the invention.
Fig. 1 presents a measuring arrangement according to the invention, where the place of performance 1 for e.g. discus throwing is provided with curved measurement lines 2 placed to mark distances of e.g. 50, 60 and 70 meters. Placed at both ends and at the middle of the measurement lines are reference points 3, whose positions are exactly determined in relation to the throwing point, so that the three points on each line accurately define a certain circular arc. The reference points need not necessarily be located on the same measurement arcs; instead, they may be placed at completely random positions and independently of each other in the landing area. The essential thing is only that their position coordinates, i.e. their positions relative to the throwing point, i.e. the starting point of the sports performance, are precisely known in the image processing system.
The camera 4 comprised in the electronic image processing system 7 is directed towards the place of performance 1, and the throwing implement, i.e. discus 5 is provided with a polarizing surface functioning as a mark that, being distinct from the background, enables it to be easily detected by the camera. By means of the camera, several successive images are taken of the flight path of the discus 5, at least near the landing spot 6 of the discus. Generally the discus bounces up from the ground and a new flight path is formed, which is also recorded by the camera.
After the flight of the discus has thus been videographed, it will be possible to determine the entire flight path of the discus by image processing techniques if desirable, and above all the exact landing spot 6 can be determined. As the landing spot is known and the exact coordinates of the reference points in the image are also known, the coordinates of the landing spot can be determined from the image by an image processing technique. Once the coordinates have been determined, the length of the throw is also obtained and can be presented on a scoreboard 8 practically at the same instant as the sports implement hits the ground.
The flight path of the discus near the landing spot need not necessarily be determined, because it is sufficient to detect the point of discontinuity of the flight path, i.e. the landing point, which is generally within a certain area in the field. Thus, the start of the sports performance and the initial portion of the flight path need not necessarily be videographed, so it is also possible to use a fixed camera, which is directed with a sufficiently wide view angle towards the landing area. Another possibility is that, as the flight path is being monitored, the height coordinate of the discus is monitored as well. In this case, when the height coordinate of the discus reaches a given level, i.e. the level of the field, the corresponding point of the flight path is determined.
In the foregoing, the invention has been described with reference to the attached drawing while different embodiments of the invention are possible within the scope of protection defined in the claims.

Claims

1. Method for automatic measurement of the distance accomplished in a sports performance, using an image processing system comprising a camera, characteri zed in that, in the method the place of performance (1) is provided with reference points (3) , whose exact position is known, the sports implement (5) is provided with an identifying means, such as a reflector or transmitter, in the sports performance, the identifying means is monitored by the image processing system and the path of the identifying means, i.e. sports implement is registered, the point of discontinuity (6) of the path and at least one reference point are determined by the image processing system, and the position coordinates of the point of discontinuity are determined by the image processing system by utilizing the position coordinates of the known reference points, the distance accomplished in the sports performance being obtained from the coordinates of the point of discontinuity.
2. Method according to claim 1, charac teri zed in that the path of the sports implement is determined from individual pictures of the sports implement taken by the camera, by extrapolating the path by the aid of points adjacent to the landing spot.
3. Method according to claim 1, charac teri zed in that the end of the path is determined from the point at which the height coordinate of the sports implement reaches a given level .
4. Method according to claim 1, charac teri zed in that the sports implement is equipped to emit radiation distinguishable from the environment, e.g. polarized light.
5. Method according to claim 4, characteri zed in that sports implement has been fitted to emit pulsed radiation.
6. Method according to claim 1, charac teri zed in that the sports implement used is a javelin, discus, shot or hammer.
7. Method according to claim 1, charac teri zed in that the sports performance is long jump, triple jump or ski jump, the transmitter being placed on the athlete, e.g. on the athlete's clothing or ski .
PCT/FI2002/000648 2001-07-30 2002-07-29 A method for measuring the length of a sports performance WO2003011406A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20011590A FI20011590A0 (en) 2001-07-30 2001-07-30 Procedure for measuring the length of sports performance
FI011590 2001-07-30

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WO2003011406A1 true WO2003011406A1 (en) 2003-02-13

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109646924A (en) * 2019-01-14 2019-04-19 南华大学 A kind of visualization distance measuring method and device

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3805450A1 (en) * 1986-06-02 1989-08-31 Jenoptik Jena Gmbh Arrangement and method for determining length of flight
BE1004268A7 (en) * 1990-05-15 1992-10-20 Michiels Jeanine Method, installation and equipment for the automatic detection of a point ofimpact of an object on a surface
DE4141397A1 (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-17 Augustin Imhof Measuring length of ski jump using video camera system - storing coordinates of camera positions, distance markers and orientation of piste w.r.t. horizontal line or plane, and displaying using graphics generator
US6133946A (en) * 1998-01-06 2000-10-17 Sportvision, Inc. System for determining the position of an object
EP1158270A1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-11-28 Seiko Epson Corporation Mesuring system for sports events

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3805450A1 (en) * 1986-06-02 1989-08-31 Jenoptik Jena Gmbh Arrangement and method for determining length of flight
BE1004268A7 (en) * 1990-05-15 1992-10-20 Michiels Jeanine Method, installation and equipment for the automatic detection of a point ofimpact of an object on a surface
DE4141397A1 (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-06-17 Augustin Imhof Measuring length of ski jump using video camera system - storing coordinates of camera positions, distance markers and orientation of piste w.r.t. horizontal line or plane, and displaying using graphics generator
US6133946A (en) * 1998-01-06 2000-10-17 Sportvision, Inc. System for determining the position of an object
EP1158270A1 (en) * 2000-05-24 2001-11-28 Seiko Epson Corporation Mesuring system for sports events

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109646924A (en) * 2019-01-14 2019-04-19 南华大学 A kind of visualization distance measuring method and device

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