WO2002102197A2 - Chair back construction with lumbar support - Google Patents
Chair back construction with lumbar support Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002102197A2 WO2002102197A2 PCT/US2002/018786 US0218786W WO02102197A2 WO 2002102197 A2 WO2002102197 A2 WO 2002102197A2 US 0218786 W US0218786 W US 0218786W WO 02102197 A2 WO02102197 A2 WO 02102197A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- chair
- frame assembly
- assembly
- user
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/28—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type
- A47C7/282—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type with mesh-like supports, e.g. elastomeric membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C1/00—Chairs adapted for special purposes
- A47C1/02—Reclining or easy chairs
- A47C1/031—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts
- A47C1/032—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest
- A47C1/03255—Reclining or easy chairs having coupled concurrently adjustable supporting parts the parts being movably-coupled seat and back-rest with a central column, e.g. rocking office chairs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C31/00—Details or accessories for chairs, beds, or the like, not provided for in other groups of this subclass, e.g. upholstery fasteners, mattress protectors, stretching devices for mattress nets
- A47C31/02—Upholstery attaching means
- A47C31/023—Upholstery attaching means connecting upholstery to frames, e.g. by hooks, clips, snap fasteners, clamping means or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C5/00—Chairs of special materials
- A47C5/04—Metal chairs, e.g. tubular
- A47C5/06—Special adaptation of seat upholstery or fabric for attachment to tubular chairs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/36—Support for the head or the back
- A47C7/40—Support for the head or the back for the back
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/36—Support for the head or the back
- A47C7/40—Support for the head or the back for the back
- A47C7/46—Support for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a chair of the type suitable for use in an office environment and, more particularly, to a reclining office chair having several structural and operating features which offer a number of ergonomic advantages over the prior art including a highly functional and aesthetically pleasing chair back and adjustable lumbar support.
- a chair may be provided with a swivel base for ease of turning and include a control mechanism which permits the chair to rock.
- a disadvantage of these relatively simple chairs is that conjoint rocking motion of the chair seat and back naturally lifts the user's feet off the floor, which can create stability problems and place upward force on the front of the user's thighs which can reduce fluid circulation in the user's legs.
- a "synchronous control" means the arrangement of a combined or dependent back adjustment and seat adjustment, that is to say the adjustment of the back inclination fundamentally also results in an adjustment of the sitting surface.
- An example of a synchronous chair control is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,318,345, issued to Olson and assigned to the common assignee herein. With the aforementioned Olson control, the chair back is designed to tilt at one predetermined rate of recline while the seat tilts synchronously at a much lesser rate. The result is that the user's feet are not lifted from the floor when the back is reclined.
- Yet another feature of current ergonomically designed chairs is the provision of height and pivot adjustable arm pads. Such a feature is particularly advantageous in providing the user with additional support to the arms, forearms, wrists and shoulders in order to minimize repetitive stress injuries when the user is keyboarding, for example, while seated in the chair.
- An example of such an adjustable a ⁇ pad is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,908,221 issued to Neil.
- One advantage of the '221 structure is that it uses gas cylinders for a ⁇ n pad height adjustment and thus is easily adjusted with the push of a single button.
- Yet another feature of current ergonomically designed office chairs includes an adjustable lumbar support mechanism for providing preselected chair back tension in the region of the user's lower back.
- An adjustable lumbar support allows the chair user to select a comfortable level of pressure on the lower back depending upon the specific office task being performed. Such a mechanism is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,797,652.
- An example of the use of such fabric mesh in an office chair is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,125,521 issued to Stumpf et al.
- a seat cushion having the capability of effecting heat transfer from the chair user's buttocks area while at the same time offering comfort to the user while seated, together with adequate support.
- Known seat cushions having such capability may involve a passive or active air flow circulation feature of the type disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,179,706.
- a tilt limit control conveniently and effectively limits the degree of chair back tilt to one of three reclined positions by manual movement of a simple lever.
- Horizontal positioning of the chair seat cushion is accomplished using a simple locking device that allows the chair user to simply lift up on the front of the cushion and select a preferred horizontal cushion position.
- Height and pivot adjustable chair arms are actuated with the push of a button by gas cylinders lending convenient adjustment to suit a specific work task.
- a lumbar support is easily height adjustable, by providing tension to the back frame and requires no screws or adjustment knobs in its adjustment mechanism.
- a modular cushion includes a comfortable heat absorbing gel layer and is vented uniquely for air circulation.
- the back of the chair is of fabric mesh construction and includes a novel attachment system for superior comfort.
- the base of the chair is of modular construction that provides for ease of assembly and lends rigidity to the chair construction. What is also described here is a chair back comprising a material for engaging a back of a chair user, and a carrier connected to the back engaging material, the carrier configured to connect to a chair frame assembly only along the lower portion of the carrier and along an upper portion of the carrier.
- one advantage is that the present invention provides a comfortable chair that conforms to the chair user.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a chair that is aesthetically pleasing.
- a further advantage of the present invention is to provide a chair that is easy to form and to assemble.
- a further feature of the present invention is to provide a chair that is simply constructed and reliable in operation.
- FIGURE 1 is a left front isometric view of an ergonomic chair.
- FIGURE 2 is a right front isometric view of the chair.
- FIGURE 2a is an exploded isometric view of the chair shown in FIGURES 1 and 2.
- FIGURE 3 is a right elevation view of the chair.
- FIGURE 4 is a left elevation view of the chair.
- FIGURE 5 is a front elevation view of the chair.
- FIGURE 6 is a rear elevation view of the chair.
- FIGURE 7 is a top plan view of the chair.
- FIGURE 8 is a bottom plan view of the chair.
- FIGURE 9 is a bottom plan view of the chair with the chair base removed.
- FIGURE 9a is a bottom plan view of the chair without a central support module.
- FIGURE 10 is a partial left elevation view illustrating the chair in a fully upright position.
- FIGURE 10a is a diagrammatic elevation view of the chair illustrating pivot points.
- FIGURE 1 1 is a partial left elevation view of the chair shown in a partially reclined position.
- FIGURE 12 is a partial left elevation view of the chair shown in a fully reclined position.
- FIGURE 12a is a diagrammatic elevation view of the chair showing the pivot points when in a reclined position.
- FIGURE 13 is a side schematic view showing the linkage arrangement of the chair.
- FIGURE 14 is a side schematic view showing the kinematics of the chair.
- FIGURE 15 is a front isometric view of the chair back assembly.
- FIGURE 15a is a front isometric view of another embodiment of the chair.
- FIGURE 16 is an exploded isometric view of the chair back assembly.
- FIGURE 16a is an exploded isometric view of another embodiment of the chair back assembly.
- FIGURE 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 17-17 of FIG. 15.
- FIGURE 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 18-18 of FIG. 15.
- FIGURE 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken within the circle 19-
- FIGURE 20 is an isometric view of the chair back illustrating the adjustability of the lumbar support.
- FIGURES. 21-30 illustrate alternative constructions for the lumbar support.
- FIGURE 31 is an enlarged plan view of a portion of fabric mesh suitable for use in the present chair back construction.
- FIGURE 32 is an exploded sectional view of a carrier and mesh attachment system.
- FIGURE 33 is a sectional view of a connected carrier and mesh attachment system.
- FIGURE. 34 is a sectional view taken along line 34-34 of FIGURE 15.
- FIGURE 34a is a sectional view taken along line 34a-34a of FIGURE 15a.
- FIGURE 35 is a sectional view taken along line 35-35 of FIGURE 15.
- FIGURE 35a is a sectional view taken along line 35a-35a of FIGURE 15a.
- FIG. 10 an improved ergonomic chair is shown in front isometric view and designated generally by the reference numeral 10.
- the chair 10 comprises as its principal components a seat 12 and a back 14. Suitable arms 16 having upper pads 18 may be provided.
- the chair 10, in a conventional manner, may be supported on a spider base 20 movable on casters 22.
- the chair 10 is so constructed as to have synchronous movement of the seat 12 and the back 14.
- a pair of main seat and back supports 24 are rigidly attached to a central support module 25 having a hub 26 for frictionally receiving an upper end of a gas cylinder 28.
- the gas cylinder 28 is preferably a two-stage type available from Stabilus GmbH of Germany. This cylinder 28 is operable by a manually pivotable lever 30 which activates the cylinder 28 for height and adjustability of the chair 10 in a manner well-known in the art.
- the chair arms 16 are rigidly connected to the supports 24.
- a seat pan 32 is pivotably connected at its front end to the forward end of the supports 24.
- a support back frame assembly 34 is also pivotably connected to the upper rear 27 of the supports 24.
- the chair back 14 comprises a stretchable fabric mesh 36 supported around its periphery by a deformable, resilient and stretchable carrier 38.
- An adjustable lumbar support member 40 slidably connects to the carrier and bears against the back support assembly 34.
- FIGURES 10, 10a, 1 1, 12 and 12a The relative portions of the seat 12 and the back 14 of the chair 10, during reclining of the back 14, can be seen in the side views of FIGURES 10, 10a, 1 1, 12 and 12a.
- the chair seat pan 32 is pivotably connected at pivot points P 12 to the supports 24 (only one of which can be seen) and is pivotably connected at rear pivot points P 32 to a pair of links 42 (only one of which can be seen).
- Each link 42 in turn is pivotably connected at point P 34 to forward extensions 33 of the back frame assembly 34
- the back frame assembly 34 is also pivotably connected at point P
- the link 42 moves in a counterclockwise direction of rotation causing the rear of the seat pan 32 to elevate relative to its front
- This synchronous motion of the seat pan 32 and back 14 provides for an exceptionally comfortable reclining motion of the chair 10 user to aid in avoiding fatigue as the user is performing various work-related tasks
- FIGURES 13 and 14 are schematic views of the synchronous seat and back tilt feature employing a four-bar mechanism which allows the rear of the seat to elevate as the backrest is reclined
- the mechanism is designed to immediately respond to a user exerting a back force and/or self- weight on the seat
- This function allows for reclining of the chair 10 about a rotation point C that is very closely coincident with the pivot axis of the user's hips and avoids undesirable "shirt pull" of the user
- the rear of the seat is elevated during back reclining, excess pressure is relieved at the front underside of the user's thighs, and also a relatively constant gaze angle is maintained during reclining
- This provides for adequate fluid circulation in the user's legs and avoids swelling
- the chair 10 comprises four basic members and four rotationally-free pivots
- the basic members include a floor supported member 60, a seat rest 62, a linking member 64 and a backrest 66
- the floor supported member 60 has an upwardly directed portion 68 that terminates at an end
- the kinematics of the chair 10 are illustrated in FIG 14
- force F is applied on the backrest 66
- the back tilt angle ⁇ increases, eye location shifts backwards an amount ⁇ H1, and eye elevation decreases by an amount ⁇ V3.
- the change in back tilt angle ⁇ transmits motion by way of the upper and lower back pivots P and P34, respectively, to the linking member 64.
- the rear seat pivot P 32 moves in coordination with pivot P 3 4 in a composite rotational and translation motion.
- a lift ⁇ V2 is caused in the rear part of the seat rest 62 relative to its front edge ⁇ V1 in the amount ⁇ V2- ⁇ V1, therefore introducing a seat rest angle ⁇ .
- the user sitting in the chair will feel a weight reduction effect as a result of the lift.
- the apparent weight reduction will be sensed as lightness and give the feel of comfort.
- the chair 10 offers considerable advantages in user comfort by virtue of its synchronous linkage construction particularly where it is used for prolonged periods of time.
- the chair 10 is also cost effective to manufacture and assemble.
- the chair back 14 comprises a fabric mesh material 36 supported around its periphery by a semi-rigid bendable carrier 38.
- Main backframe member 34 includes two generally vertical supports 102 connected proximate their upper ends by a brace 104. The bottom ends of the supports 102 bend inwardly and terminate at a forwardly projecting member 106 which serves to provide aforementioned pivot point P 3 .
- Transverse member 108 is provided with a pair of spaced arms 1 10 which are attached as by screws 1 12 to the two supports 102. The member 108 provides a lower attachment point for the carrier 38.
- the back assembly 14 includes a transverse lumbar support tube 120 having gripping means 122 on each of its opposed ends, together with a pair of spaced slide members 124.
- a cross-section of the gripping means 122 can be seen in FIG. 17 wherein the carrier 38 is provided with a pair of opposed recesses 126 in carrier side edges 125, 127 into which opposed projections 128 of the gripping means 122 are slideably received.
- the support tube 120 is slideable on opposed edges of the carrier 38.
- FIGURE 18 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the support tube taken substantially along the line 18-18 of FIGURE 15.
- the slide members 124 are configured to engage the vertical supports 102.
- the engagement arrangement between each slide member 124 and the vertical supports 102 includes a vertical groove 130 in each support 102 and a corresponding central rib 132 extending from the slide member.
- the lumbar support tube 120 is vertically moveable between upper and lower positions as it slides on the edges 125, 127 of the carrier 38 by means of the gripping means 122 and also slides on the vertical supports 102 by means of the slide members 124.
- the result of such movement is to allow the chair user to adjust the vertical height of the tube 120 and thus the lumbar support by simple manual manipulation.
- the lumbar support tube 120 is held in proper connection to the supports 102 by just the tension of the carrier 38 and the mesh 36. In this tension mode the lumbar support tube 120 causes the carrier 38 and the mesh to be forced forwardly of the chair 10 in the lumbar region of the user.
- the vertically adjustable lumbar support tube 120 changes the curvature of the earner 38 as the support tube slides up and down between the carrier and the vertical supports 102.
- the vertically adjustable lumbar support tube 120 changes the curvature of the earner 38 as the support tube slides up and down between the carrier and the vertical supports 102.
- FIGURES 21-30 Alternative lumbar support systems using the mesh 36 and the carrier 38 assembly can be seen in FIGURES 21-30.
- a single central support 150 may be employed having top and bottom braces, 152 and 154, respectively, to secure the four comers of the carrier.
- a lumbar support tube 156 may be slideably supported on the central support 150 and have gripping means 158 for slideably gripping opposed edges of the carrier 38.
- FIGURES 23 and 24 a system is shown wherein a central support 160 and upper 162 and lower 164 braces react with a threaded rod 166 and a knob 168.
- the rod is employed to selectively move a lumbar support member 170 forwardly and rearwardly to adjust tension in the mesh 36.
- the system may also be constructed with a slot 172 through which the rod 166 passes to vertically adjust the member 170 as it slides on the carrier 38 using gripping means 174 as described above.
- FIGURES 25 and 26 illustrate an embodiment wherein a central support
- braces 178, 180 are used.
- a two piece lumbar support member 182 is employed to adjust tension in the mesh 36 by means of a manually rotatable knob 184 and camming device 186.
- FIGURES 27 and 28 show yet another embodiment wherein a central support 188 and braces 190, 192 are used.
- a lumbar support member 194 is connected by a slideable bracket 196 to the support 188 and uses a link member 198 to adjust tension in the mesh 36.
- FIGURES 29 and 30 show a further embodiment wherein a central support 200 and braces 202, 204 are used.
- a two piece lumbar support member 206 is employed using a tumbuckle assembly 208 to adjust tension in the mesh 36.
- the back 14 is designed to be formed of a panel of fabric mesh 36 which is preferably of an open weave type known in the art.
- the constmction of the fabric mesh 36 may have a variety of weave configurations.
- One configuration that has proved to be advantageous is shown in FIGURE 31 comprising vertical strands 220 of multifilament yam and horizontal monofilaments 222.
- the onofilaments 222 in this constmction can be seen to cross over the strands 220 and also crisscross over each other thereby locking the strands 220 in place.
- FIGS. 32 and 33 illustrate a carrier 38 comprising two pieces or halves 230 and 232 disposed on opposite sides of the edge portion of the mesh 36.
- the two halves 230 and 232 may, in one fom , be formed with internal grooves 234.
- the halves are placed in a fixture 236 together with an adhesive 238.
- the adhesive extends through warps and wefts of the fabric 36 and into the grooves 234 and, once cured, creates a mechanical interconnection that is of high strength and durability.
- the main back frame 34 has spherical end portions 240 formed on the vertical support members 102 which are received within circular apertures 242 formed in the upper right and upper left hand comers of the carrier 38.
- Suitable retainers 244 and 246, one on each side of the carrier 38, are attached as by screws 248 around each spherical end portion 240 to essentially create ball and socket joints. These joints allow an upper edge 250 of the carrier 38 to flex allowing the chair back 14 to comfortably conform to the position of the user's shoulders.
- the carrier 38 may be secured along a bottom edge 252 to the frame member 108 by screws 254. Details of the upper ball and socket connections may be seen in the cross- sectional view of FIGURE 34, while the lower attachment constmction can be seen in detail in FIGURE 35.
- FIGURES 15a, 16a, 16b, 16c, 34a and 35a Another embodiment of the carrier, the mesh and the manner of connecting them to the vertical support members and the transverse member are shown in FIGURES 15a, 16a, 16b, 16c, 34a and 35a.
- the chair back 14a includes the mesh 36 attached to a carrier 38a.
- the carrier 38a mounts the lumbar support tube 120 as already described but attaches to the vertical support members 102 and the transverse member 108a in a different manner than previously described for the chair back 14.
- the rims 256 around the openings include extending amis 257 to more ftilly grip the spherical end portions 240 of the vertical support members 102.
- the bottom edge 252a includes a longitudinally extending groove 258.
- the transverse member 108a includes five downwardly extending tabs. These tabs engage with the groove 258.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0328737A GB2392614B (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Chair back construction with lumbar support |
KR1020037016393A KR100641957B1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Chair back construction with lumbar support |
AU2002345677A AU2002345677A1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Chair back construction with lumbar support |
CA2450026A CA2450026C (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Lumbar support for a chair |
MXPA03011394A MXPA03011394A (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Chair back construction with lumbar support. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/882,140 | 2001-06-15 | ||
US09/881,795 US6572190B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2001-06-15 | Lumbar support for a chair |
US09/882,140 US7014269B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2001-06-15 | Chair back construction |
US09/881,795 | 2001-06-15 | ||
US10/077,540 | 2002-02-15 | ||
US10/077,540 US6729691B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-02-15 | Chair back construction |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002102197A2 true WO2002102197A2 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
WO2002102197A3 WO2002102197A3 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
WO2002102197B1 WO2002102197B1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
Family
ID=27373128
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2002/018786 WO2002102197A2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2002-06-14 | Chair back construction with lumbar support |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7014269B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100641957B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1301676C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002345677A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2450026C (en) |
GB (1) | GB2392614B (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA03011394A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002102197A2 (en) |
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JP2006110000A (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-27 | Okamura Corp | Backrest structure of chair |
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JP2012024617A (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2012-02-09 | Okamura Corp | Backrest structure for chair |
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USD731833S1 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2015-06-16 | Allsteel Inc. | Chair |
US9332851B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-10 | Hni Technologies Inc. | Chair with activated back flex |
US9526339B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2016-12-27 | Steelcase Inc. | Control assembly for chair |
US9706845B2 (en) | 2012-09-20 | 2017-07-18 | Steelcase Inc. | Chair assembly |
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US9801470B2 (en) | 2014-10-15 | 2017-10-31 | Hni Technologies Inc. | Molded chair with integrated support and method of making same |
US10064493B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 | 2018-09-04 | Hni Technologies Inc. | Flex lumbar support |
US10927545B2 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2021-02-23 | Allsteel Inc. | Modular wall system |
US11019930B2 (en) * | 2016-06-10 | 2021-06-01 | Okamura Corporation | Load support structure for chair, load support body for chair, and chair |
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JP4987739B2 (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2012-07-25 | ハワース、インク. | Chair and lumbar support pad for chair, lumbar support pad assembly |
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USD623449S1 (en) | 2005-05-13 | 2010-09-14 | Humanscale Corporation | Mesh backrest for a chair |
KR100708303B1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2007-04-17 | (주)체어텍 | a chair having the back of a chair with a variable |
US8061775B2 (en) | 2005-06-20 | 2011-11-22 | Humanscale Corporation | Seating apparatus with reclining movement |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2450026A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 |
GB2392614B (en) | 2005-12-28 |
CA2450026C (en) | 2010-08-31 |
US6572190B2 (en) | 2003-06-03 |
CN1301676C (en) | 2007-02-28 |
GB2392614A (en) | 2004-03-10 |
WO2002102197B1 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
WO2002102197A3 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
US20020190564A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
KR20040043126A (en) | 2004-05-22 |
GB0328737D0 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
KR100641957B1 (en) | 2006-11-02 |
US6729691B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
US7066537B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 |
US20020190552A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US20030001425A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
US20050121954A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
AU2002345677A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
US7014269B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 |
MXPA03011394A (en) | 2005-04-19 |
CN1523967A (en) | 2004-08-25 |
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