WO2002099916B1 - Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device - Google Patents

Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device

Info

Publication number
WO2002099916B1
WO2002099916B1 PCT/US2002/017088 US0217088W WO02099916B1 WO 2002099916 B1 WO2002099916 B1 WO 2002099916B1 US 0217088 W US0217088 W US 0217088W WO 02099916 B1 WO02099916 B1 WO 02099916B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
fuel cell
bladder
interface circuit
cell assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/017088
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002099916A3 (en
WO2002099916A2 (en
Inventor
Craig Lawerence
Alexey Salamini
Bruce Macgregor
David Bliven
Original Assignee
Polyfuel Inc
Craig Lawerence
Alexey Salamini
Bruce Macgregor
David Bliven
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polyfuel Inc, Craig Lawerence, Alexey Salamini, Bruce Macgregor, David Bliven filed Critical Polyfuel Inc
Priority to EP02739535A priority Critical patent/EP1393400B1/en
Priority to AU2002312178A priority patent/AU2002312178A1/en
Priority to DE60227510T priority patent/DE60227510D1/en
Publication of WO2002099916A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002099916A2/en
Publication of WO2002099916A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002099916A3/en
Publication of WO2002099916B1 publication Critical patent/WO2002099916B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H01M8/04208—Cartridges, cryogenic media or cryogenic reservoirs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04895—Current
    • H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
    • H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/30—Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04544—Voltage
    • H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04597—Current of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

A fuel cell assembly including a membrane electrodde assembly, an anode plate, a cathode plate, a removable fuel cartridge, and a fuel delivery system. The assembly includes an anode, a cathode, and a polymer electrolyte membrane having a fuel side and an oxygen side. The fuel cartridge includes an expandable fuel bladder for receicing liquid fuel, an expandable pressure member in contact with the bladder for maintaining a positivr pressure on the bladder, and a sealable exit port in fluid communication with the bladder. The fuel delivry system delivers fuel from the cartridge to the fuel side of the membrane. An Interface, Control, and Regulator Circuit for Fuel Cell Powered Electronic Device.

Claims

33AMENDED CLAIMS[received by the International Bureau on 28 April 2003 (28.04.2003); new claims 31-46 added; remaining claims unchanged (8 pages)]
1. A removable fuel cartridge for a direct methanol fuel cell assembly comprising: an expandable fuel bladder for receiving liquid methanol fuel; an expandable pressure member in contact with said bladder for maintaining a positive pressure on said bladder; and a sealable exit port in fluid communication with said bladder.
2. The removable fuel cartridge of claim 1 wherein said expandable fuel bladder is formed of a sheet plastic material.
3. The removable fuel cartridge of claim 2 wherein said sheet plastic material is substantially impervious to methanol.
4. The removable fuel cartridge of claim 1 wherein said expandable pressure member is a compressed foam member.
5. The removable fuel cartridge of claim 1 wherein said sealable exit port includes a septum.
6. A fuel cell assembly for a portable electronic device comprising: membrane electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a polymer electrolyte membrane having a fuel side and an oxygen side; a removable fuel cartridge including an expandable fuel bladder for receiving liquid fuel, an expandable pressure member in contact with said bladder for maintaining a positive pressure on said bladder, and a sealable exit port in fluid communication with said bladder; and a fuel delivery system for delivering fuel from said cartridge to said fuel side of said membrane, said circuit engageable with said port for fluidly connecting said bladder to said fuel side of said membrane. 34
7. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 further comprising an enclosure adapted to engage a cellular phone body of a cellular phone, said fuel cell assembly adapted to replace a battery for the cellular phone.
8. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 wherein said polymer electrolyte membrane electrode assembly comprises first and second catalysts positioned respectively on said fuel side and said oxygen side of said membrane.
9. The fuel cell assembly of claim 8 wherein said anode is in electrical communication with said first catalyst and said cathode is in electrical communication with said second catalyst.
10. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 wherein said wherein said expandable fuel bladder is formed of a sheet plastic material, said sheet plastic material is impervious to methanol.
11. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 wherein said expandable pressure member is a compressed foam member.
12. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 wherein said sealable exit port includes a septum.
13. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 wherein said fuel delivery system comprises a needle insertable into said sealable exit port.
14. The fuel cell assembly of claim 6 wherein said fuel delivery system comprises a manifold including a one-way valve for preventing fuel from flowing through said circuit away from said fuel side of said membrane.
15. A direct methanol fuel cell assembly for a portable electronic device comprising: a membrane electrode assembly including an anode, a cathode, and a polymer electrolyte membrane having a fuel side and an oxygen side; an anode plate including a fuel chamber fluidly connected to said fuel side of said membrane; a removable fuel cartridge fluidly connected to said fuel chamber; and a cathode plate including an oxygen port extending therethrough for providing air to said oxygen side of said membrane.
16. The direct methanol fuel cell assembly of claim 15 wherein said polymer electrolyte membrane electrode assembly further comprises first and second catalysts positioned respectively on said fuel side and said oxygen side of said membrane, said anode is in electrical communication with said first catalyst and said cathode is in electrical communication with said second catalyst.
17. The direct methanol fuel cell assembly of claim 15 wherein said anode plate includes a post extending through said fuel chamber toward said anode for biasing said anode into contact with said membrane.
18. The direct methanol fuel cell assembly of claim 15 wherein said anode plate comprises an exhaust port for ejecting carbon dioxide from said fuel chamber.
19. The direct methanol fuel cell assembly of claim 15 further comprising: a fuel delivery system for delivering fuel from said cartridge to said fuel side of said membrane; said removable fuel cartridge including an expandable fuel bladder for receiving liquid fuel, an expandable pressure member in contact with said bladder for maintaining a positive pressure on said bladder, and a sealable exit port in fluid communication with said bladder; wherein said circuit is engageable with said port for fluidly connecting said bladder to said fuel side of said membrane.
20. The direct methanol fuel cell assembly of claim 15 wherein said cathode plate forms an enclosure having a recess receiving said membrane electrode assembly, said anode plate, and said removable fuel cartridge. 36
21. The direct methanol fuel cell assembly of claim 20 wherein said enclosure includes an air groove formed on an outer surface of said enclosure, said oxygen port extending from a base of said groove into said recess for providing air to said oxygen side of said membrane.
22. A power pack specifically adapted to replace a battery for a cellular phone having a cellular phone body, said power pack comprising: a fuel cell assembly; a removable fuel cartridge for providing fuel to said fuel cell assembly, said fuel cartridge including an expandable fuel bladder for receiving liquid fuel, an expandable pressure member in contact with said bladder for maintaining a positive pressure on said bladder, and a sealable exit port in fluid communication with said bladder; and a housing adapted to removably engage the cellular phone body, said housing enclosing said fuel cell assembly and said fuel cartridge.
23. A power pack according to claim 22 wherein said fuel cartridge is specifically adapted for use with a power pack specifically designed for a specific model of a cellular phone.
24. A power pack according to claim 22, further comprising an interface circuit, the interface circuit comprising: a DC-DC voltage boost circuit operating with an output voltage related feedback signal; a storage capacitor coupled to and receiving charge generated by said boost circuit; and a microcontroller coupled to said boost circuit for controlling operation or non- operation of said boost circuit.
25. A power pack according to claim 23 wherein said fuel cartridge is specifically adapted for use with a power pack specifically designed for a specific model of a cellular phone. 37
26. An interface circuit for a fuel cell powered electronic device comprising: a DC-DC voltage boost circuit operating with an output voltage related feedback signal; a storage capacitor coupled to and receiving charge generated by said boost circuit; and a microcontroller coupled to said boost circuit for controlling operation or non- operation of said boost circuit.
27. An interface circuit as in claim 26, wherein the interface circuit is specifically adapted for use with a specific model of a cellular phone.
28. An interface circuit as in claim 26, wherein the interface circuit is adapted to control and regulate power drawn from and charge and discharge of a fuel cell and maintain safe operation within predefined voltage, current, and power ranges.
29. A method of controlling operation of a voltage boost converter circuit coupled to a fuel cell and another energy storage device.
30. A method for boosting a lower fuel cell voltage up to higher cellular phone voltage.
31. An interface circuit as in Clam 26, wherein said interface circuit further comprises a battery and said voltage boost circuit limiting a battery charging current to a predetermined current less than a current that would damage said battery.
32. An interface circuit as in Clam 26, wherein said boost circuit boosting the fuel cell voltage to a higher voltage level and for supplying charge to capacitive and battery storage devices within the circuit.
33. An interface circuit as in Clam 26, wherein said microcontroller monitors at least a sample of the fuel cell output voltage to determine when to operate the boost circuit. 38
34. An interface circuit as in Clam 33, wherein said microprocessor is adapted to execute instructions to modify and control the operation of the microprocessor.
35. An interface circuit as in Clam 34, wherein the instructions include an instruction to perform a fuel cell load test including applying an incremental load to the fuel cell and determining a resulting fuel cell output voltage, the fuel cell load test being failed if the fuel cell in unable to maintain a predetermined output voltage level.
36. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, wherein the boost circuit is not turned on or turned off if the fuel cell load test is failed.
37. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, wherein the load test is performed only on the expiration of a counter count so that the load test is performed less frequently than ever execution cycle of a set of instructions executing in said microprocessor.
38. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, wherein said load test is performed on the order of every 10 seconds.
39. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, wherein operation of the boost circuit is further regulated by hardware components that include feedback control elements.
40. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, wherein the electronic device has a power consumption ranging between substantially 1.2 W and 1.98 W.
41. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, wherein an operating voltage range for said electronic device is between substantially 3.3'and 4.3 volts.
42. An interface circuit as in Clam 35, said storage capacitor is further coupled in parallel with a storage battery so that the electronic device may draw power from either or both of said storage capacitor and said storage battery. 39
43. An interface circuit for a fuel cell powered cellular telephone comprising: a DC-DC voltage boost circuit operating with an output voltage related feedback signal to boost a lower fuel cell output voltage to a higher voltage operating voltage of said cellular telephone; a storage capacitor and a storage battery coupled to and receiving charge generated by said boost circuit, said boot converter circuit further operating to limiting a storage battery charging current to a predetermined current less than a current that would damage said storage battery; and a microcontroller adapted to execute instructions to modify and control the operation of the microprocessor and coupled to said boost circuit for controlling operation or non- operation of said boost circuit based on a fuel cell output voltage; said interface circuit being adapted to control and regulate power drawn from and charge and discharge of a fuel cell and maintain safe operation within predefined voltage, current, and power ranges, and said cellular telephone having a power consumption ranging between substantially 1.2 W and 1.98 W and an operating voltage range between substantially 3.3 and 4.3 volts.
44. An interface circuit as in Clam 43, wherein the instructions include an instruction to perform a fuel cell load test including applying an incremental load to the fuel cell and determining a resulting fuel cell output voltage, the fuel cell load test being failed if the fuel cell in unable to maintain a predetermined output voltage level.
45. An interface circuit as in Clam 44, wherein the boost circuit is not turned on or turned off if the fuel cell load test is failed.
46. A power pack specifically adapted to replace a battery for a cellular phone having a cellular phone body, said power pack comprising: a fuel cell assembly; a removable fuel cartridge for providing fuel to said fuel cell assembly, said fuel cartridge including an expandable fuel bladder for receiving liquid fuel, an expandable pressure member in contact with said bladder for maintaining a positive pressure on said bladder, and a sealable exit port in fluid communication with said bladder; 40
a housing adapted to removably engage the cellular phone body, said housing enclosing said fuel cell assembly and said fuel cartridge; and an interface circuit including: a DC-DC voltage boost circuit operating with an output voltage related feedback signal; a storage capacitor coupled to and receiving charge generated by said boost circuit; and a microcontroller coupled to said boost circuit for controlling operation or non-operation of said boost circuit.
PCT/US2002/017088 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device WO2002099916A2 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02739535A EP1393400B1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Removable fuel cartridge, fuel cell assembly comprising said fuel cartridge for portable electronic devices and corresponding device
AU2002312178A AU2002312178A1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device
DE60227510T DE60227510D1 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Replaceable fuel cartridge, fuel cell assembly with said fuel cartridge for portable electronic devices and related equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29547501P 2001-06-01 2001-06-01
US29511401P 2001-06-01 2001-06-01
US60/295,475 2001-06-01
US60/295,114 2001-06-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002099916A2 WO2002099916A2 (en) 2002-12-12
WO2002099916A3 WO2002099916A3 (en) 2003-09-25
WO2002099916B1 true WO2002099916B1 (en) 2003-11-06

Family

ID=26968930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2002/017088 WO2002099916A2 (en) 2001-06-01 2002-05-31 Fuel cell assembly for portable electronic device and interface, control, and regulator circuit for fuel cell powered electronic device

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7005206B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1393400B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE400904T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002312178A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60227510D1 (en)
TW (1) TW582124B (en)
WO (1) WO2002099916A2 (en)

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DE60227510D1 (en) 2008-08-21
TW582124B (en) 2004-04-01
EP1393400A2 (en) 2004-03-03
WO2002099916A3 (en) 2003-09-25
AU2002312178A1 (en) 2002-12-16
ATE400904T1 (en) 2008-07-15
WO2002099916A2 (en) 2002-12-12
EP1393400B1 (en) 2008-07-09
US20020197522A1 (en) 2002-12-26

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