WO2002069430A3 - Internal reforming improvements for fuel cells - Google Patents

Internal reforming improvements for fuel cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002069430A3
WO2002069430A3 PCT/US2002/005853 US0205853W WO02069430A3 WO 2002069430 A3 WO2002069430 A3 WO 2002069430A3 US 0205853 W US0205853 W US 0205853W WO 02069430 A3 WO02069430 A3 WO 02069430A3
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
stage
exhaust
anode
electric power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/005853
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002069430A9 (en
WO2002069430A2 (en
Inventor
G B Kirby Meacham
Original Assignee
G B Kirby Meacham
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by G B Kirby Meacham filed Critical G B Kirby Meacham
Publication of WO2002069430A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002069430A2/en
Publication of WO2002069430A9 publication Critical patent/WO2002069430A9/en
Publication of WO2002069430A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002069430A3/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0637—Direct internal reforming at the anode of the fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0643—Gasification of solid fuel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

Method and apparatus for internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels in fuel cells by mixing fuel with products of reaction over the anode such that the fuel concentration is below the soot formation limit. Steam reforming takes place using the product water and heat generated at the anode by the electric power generation reaction. The reactor exhaust is a mixture that contains H2, CO, CO2, H2O and hydrocarbons, and has 40% to 60% of the original fuel content remaining. The reactor can be the first stage of a two-stage fuel cell system, with the second stage being a fuel cell operated in plug flow mode that directly utilizes fuel content of the exhaust to generate additional electric power, or the exhaust can be used for other purposes including as a reducing atmosphere or feedstock. As a further aspect of the invention allows for the utilization of solid fuels such as coal.
PCT/US2002/005853 2001-02-23 2002-02-22 Internal reforming improvements for fuel cells WO2002069430A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US27129501P 2001-02-23 2001-02-23
US60/271,295 2001-02-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002069430A2 WO2002069430A2 (en) 2002-09-06
WO2002069430A9 WO2002069430A9 (en) 2003-11-13
WO2002069430A3 true WO2002069430A3 (en) 2004-02-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2002/005853 WO2002069430A2 (en) 2001-02-23 2002-02-22 Internal reforming improvements for fuel cells

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2002069430A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050244682A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-03 Meacham G B K Thermally integrated internal reforming fuel cells
US7858214B2 (en) 2005-09-21 2010-12-28 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for light internal reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell system
KR101093700B1 (en) * 2009-06-25 2011-12-15 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Fuel cell system and stack thereof
US9077008B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-07-07 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Integrated power generation and chemical production using fuel cells
CA2902963A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-25 Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells
US20140272614A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Integrated power generation and carbon capture using fuel cells
US9556753B2 (en) 2013-09-30 2017-01-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Power generation and CO2 capture with turbines in series
US9755258B2 (en) 2013-09-30 2017-09-05 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Integrated power generation and chemical production using solid oxide fuel cells
CN105720288B (en) * 2014-12-05 2018-07-20 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 A kind of internal reforming fuel cell pile
CN107464944B (en) 2016-05-27 2021-02-02 通用电气公司 Fuel cell system and method of operating the same
JP6239721B1 (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-11-29 日本碍子株式会社 Fuel cell stack
US11888187B2 (en) 2018-11-30 2024-01-30 ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with enhanced CO2 utilization
KR102610184B1 (en) 2018-11-30 2023-12-04 퓨얼셀 에너지, 인크 Fuel cell staging for molten carbonate fuel cells
US11424469B2 (en) 2018-11-30 2022-08-23 ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company Elevated pressure operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with enhanced CO2 utilization
WO2020112806A1 (en) 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Layered cathode for molten carbonate fuel cell
WO2020112770A1 (en) 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Regeneration of molten carbonate fuel cells for deep co 2 capture
JP7258144B2 (en) 2018-11-30 2023-04-14 フュエルセル エナジー， インコーポレイテッド Reforming catalyst pattern for fuel cells operating with enhanced CO2 utilization
WO2021107933A1 (en) 2019-11-26 2021-06-03 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Fuel cell module assembly and systems using same
CA3162231A1 (en) 2019-11-26 2021-06-03 Exxonmobile Research And Engineering Company Operation of molten carbonate fuel cells with high electrolyte fill level
US11322766B2 (en) 2020-05-28 2022-05-03 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Direct hydrocarbon metal supported solid oxide fuel cell
US11639290B2 (en) 2020-06-04 2023-05-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Dry reforming of methane with carbon dioxide at elevated pressure
US11718575B2 (en) 2021-08-12 2023-08-08 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Methanol production via dry reforming and methanol synthesis in a vessel
US11787759B2 (en) 2021-08-12 2023-10-17 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Dimethyl ether production via dry reforming and dimethyl ether synthesis in a vessel
US11578016B1 (en) 2021-08-12 2023-02-14 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Olefin production via dry reforming and olefin synthesis in a vessel
US11617981B1 (en) 2022-01-03 2023-04-04 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Method for capturing CO2 with assisted vapor compression

Citations (4)

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JPS60207254A (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Method of controlling flow rate of internal- reformation-type fuel cell
US4921765A (en) * 1989-06-26 1990-05-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Combined goal gasifier and fuel cell system and method
US5554453A (en) * 1995-01-04 1996-09-10 Energy Research Corporation Carbonate fuel cell system with thermally integrated gasification
DE19646579A1 (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-14 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Fuel cell with integrated reformer

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60207254A (en) * 1984-03-30 1985-10-18 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Method of controlling flow rate of internal- reformation-type fuel cell
US4921765A (en) * 1989-06-26 1990-05-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Combined goal gasifier and fuel cell system and method
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DE19646579A1 (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-14 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Fuel cell with integrated reformer

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Publication number Publication date
WO2002069430A9 (en) 2003-11-13
WO2002069430A2 (en) 2002-09-06

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