WO2002065630A1 - System for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units - Google Patents

System for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002065630A1
WO2002065630A1 PCT/IT2002/000076 IT0200076W WO02065630A1 WO 2002065630 A1 WO2002065630 A1 WO 2002065630A1 IT 0200076 W IT0200076 W IT 0200076W WO 02065630 A1 WO02065630 A1 WO 02065630A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microprocessor
taps
multiplicity
voltage
transformer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2002/000076
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Antonio Forghieri
Original Assignee
Energy Saving 2000 S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energy Saving 2000 S.A. filed Critical Energy Saving 2000 S.A.
Publication of WO2002065630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002065630A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/40—Controlling the intensity of light discontinuously

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a system of the aforesaid type, designed to save electrical energy, especially within a predetermined time range, for example during the period in which street lighting is switched on.
  • a voltage regulator/stabilizer for each phase of the Ugh ting installation, the regulating/stabilizing component having transformers having a multiplicity of taps on the secondary windings associated with a set of microprocessor-controlled tap switches, the voltage ratios at the taps being specified in such a way as to provide a multiplicity of output voltage levels, the number of these levels being greater than the number of switches, the microprocessor having a software memory and a real-time clock for controlling one or more time slots for regulation/stabilization.
  • the various phases can be controlled in an autonomous and diversified way, independently of each other.
  • This facility provides numerous advantages, in terms of both optimization of energy savings and economy of control.
  • an autotransformer is used for supplying the individual fighting elements, the winding of the autotransformer being provided with two sets of taps which can be switched as described with reference to the first embodiment.
  • means of sensing anomalies of individual fighting points are provided, and the microprocessor is provided with a communications port for interfacing with a similar communications port of a cellular telephone or other transmission system designed for this type of operation.
  • the microprocessor is associated, together with the cellular telephone or the like of an SMS Internet subsystem, the degree of modification if and when considered necessary by the system controller of the application software of the microprocessor, thus making it possible to obtain greater operating flexibility than that found in systems using a microprocessor and a single resident firmware which can be modified only by local reprogramming for each microprocessor, which requires manual intervention which entails an expenditure of time and payment of labor costs.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the system for controlling electrical loads according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the system shown in Figure 1;
  • FIGs 3 and 4 show switching tables for the taps on the transformers of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 respectively;
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a simplified flow diagram for the operating system according to the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a simplified flow diagram for the operations of voltage measurement and stabilization for the system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically an algorithm for the activation of the switching devices for controlling various combinations.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of the operation of the switching of various taps of a transformer, or of an autotransformer.
  • the central element of the system is a microprocessor or controller 1, whose functions will be described in detail below.
  • An alternating current power source 2 consisting for example of the phases S and T of the electricity supply, is provided.
  • the output of the circuit, indicated by 3 is sent to the load to be controlled, which consists of lamps for street lighting, for example, or other loads, according to the user's requirements.
  • An inductive sensor 4, for monitoring the balance of the current draw in the two power supply wires 2, is provided in the power supply line 2.
  • Any unbalance may indicate malfunctions or losses to earth or neutral, and its output signal is sent to an input N of the microprocessor 1.
  • the terminal 2a of the power supply 2 is connected directly to the line 3a leading to the load line 3.
  • the terminal 2b is connected to the circuitry, located on the right of said diagram shown in Figure 1, which is designed to modulate the voltage present in the line 3b, which is connected to the load line 3 or disconnected from it by means of the double-pole switch Ml.
  • a switch LI controlled by the microprocessor 1, is provided and is set up in such a way that, if necessary, the line 2b can be connected directly to the line 3b without any intervening stage.
  • the switch LI is in the active state, in other words with the moving contact L2 in contact with the contact L3, the fine L4 is interrupted, causing the activation of the primary winding Pi of a transformer Tl having a secondary Si provided with a multiplicity of taps PI, Ql, Al, Bl, Cl, Dl, El, Fl, Gl, HI which can be switched by means of switches indicated jointly by K10, Kl l so that they are connected to the contacts Yl, Zl, Zl ⁇ Yl'.
  • the aforesaid contacts Yl, Zl, Z l', Yl' are connected to the secondary Si' of a second transformer Tl', whose primary is connected in series with the primary Pi of the transformer Tl.
  • the microprocessor 1 operates the switches Yl, Zl, Zl', Yl' and the banks of switches K10, Kl l through the lines MPl, MP2, MP3, MP4.
  • the microprocessor 1 monitors the voltage present on the lines 3a, 3b, by means of the inputs Ul, Nl.
  • An input 01 monitors the current flowing in the loads by means of a sensor 10.
  • the microprocessor 1 is associated with a display unit 11, a four- key pad 12, an ambient fight sensor 13 and a clock and calendar 14.
  • microprocessor 1 The various functions controlled by the microprocessor 1 are illustrated below with reference to the flow diagrams.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2 has a single autotransformer ATI, having a single winding AN provided with a first set of taps PSl and a second set of taps PS2, the first being associated with contacts A...H and the second with contacts P; Q; Y; Z.
  • a multiplicity of transfer ratios can be obtained by appropriate switching of the contacts A...H and P; Q; Y; Z, by means of the control line Cl of the microprocessor 1.
  • the microprocessor 1 is provided with a memory, of the EEPROM type for example, containing both the basic firmware and the application software for the various operating configurations of the system.
  • the individual devices such as those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 are associated with a system for data transmission to and from a central unit for controlling any number of peripheral units which include the microprocessor 1.
  • the system for data transmission between the peripheral units and the central unit is implemented by means of cellular telephony with a data transcription capacity.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 show the flow diagrams of the basic program and of the measurement and stabilization program respectively.
  • Figure 7 shows the switching algorithm designed to prevent flickering of light during the switching of the taps on the transformers or autotransformers during their switching for stabilizing the voltage supplied to the loads.
  • Figure 8 shows an example in which contacts P, B, Y are active and a change is to be made to the configuration in which the contacts Q, A, Y are active.
  • a time interval indicated by way of example as 30 milliseconds, in which all five contacts are simultaneously active, is shown in the zone indicated in broken fines in Figure 8.
  • controllable contacts can be implemented in the form of means other than conventional electromechanical relays. This is because there is a multiplicity of solid-state components which provide the same functions as electromechanical relays, with greater reliability and ease of control by the signals sent from the output ports of a microprocessor.
  • loads of various types can be used, and controlled on the different phases with consequent optimization of the energy savings.
  • the connection of the final part to a different phase from the preceding parts yields significant savings in the initial part.

Abstract

The system for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units, comprises at least one transformer element having a multiplicity of taps arranged in such a way as to provide voltage ratios greater than, equal to or lower than the nominal power supply voltage and the nominal voltage with which the load is to be supplied, and means for switching the taps selectively by means of switching elements, for providing in various combinations a multiplicity of output voltage levels in a number of steps which is much greater than the number of taps and the number of switching elements, the switching elements being controlled by a microprocessor provided with a program and a real-time clock, and the arrangement being such that the voltage supplied to the lamps or other loads to be supplied can be varied and controlled in different time ranges within a day during which the system is to be operational.

Description

System for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units
The present invention relates to a system for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units.
More particularly, the present invention is intended to provide a system of the aforesaid type, designed to save electrical energy, especially within a predetermined time range, for example during the period in which street lighting is switched on.
In the evening, when people are in the streets shopping, walking or driving, artificial street lighting is required to be at a predetermined level.
After a certain period, this high light intensity is no longer required, since traffic, both pedestrian and vehicular, is greatly reduced, or even entirely absent. In some places, one or two lamps out of three are switched off after midnight, in order to save energy and reduce light pollution. This can yield a saving of 50-60% in electrical energy, but entails numerous disadvantages, for example in urban areas which can become too dark, giving rise to problems of security which can easily be envisaged. The stroboscopic effect on drivers passing through illuminated and dark areas in rapid succession can be even more dangerous.
According to the present invention, a voltage regulator/stabilizer is provided for each phase of the Ugh ting installation, the regulating/stabilizing component having transformers having a multiplicity of taps on the secondary windings associated with a set of microprocessor-controlled tap switches, the voltage ratios at the taps being specified in such a way as to provide a multiplicity of output voltage levels, the number of these levels being greater than the number of switches, the microprocessor having a software memory and a real-time clock for controlling one or more time slots for regulation/stabilization.
Also according to the present invention, the various phases can be controlled in an autonomous and diversified way, independently of each other. This facility provides numerous advantages, in terms of both optimization of energy savings and economy of control.
In a second embodiment, an autotransformer is used for supplying the individual fighting elements, the winding of the autotransformer being provided with two sets of taps which can be switched as described with reference to the first embodiment.
In both the first and second embodiments, means of sensing anomalies of individual fighting points are provided, and the microprocessor is provided with a communications port for interfacing with a similar communications port of a cellular telephone or other transmission system designed for this type of operation.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, the microprocessor is associated, together with the cellular telephone or the like of an SMS Internet subsystem, the degree of modification if and when considered necessary by the system controller of the application software of the microprocessor, thus making it possible to obtain greater operating flexibility than that found in systems using a microprocessor and a single resident firmware which can be modified only by local reprogramming for each microprocessor, which requires manual intervention which entails an expenditure of time and payment of labor costs.
Other aspects and characteristics of the present invention will be made clear by the following detailed description, with reference to the figures of the attached drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the system for controlling electrical loads according to the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the system shown in Figure 1;
Figures 3 and 4 show switching tables for the taps on the transformers of the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 respectively;
Figure 5 shows schematically a simplified flow diagram for the operating system according to the present invention;
Figure 6 shows schematically a simplified flow diagram for the operations of voltage measurement and stabilization for the system according to the present invention;
Figure 7 shows schematically an algorithm for the activation of the switching devices for controlling various combinations; and
Figure 8 shows an example of the operation of the switching of various taps of a transformer, or of an autotransformer.
With reference to the drawings, a first embodiment of the system according to the present invention will be described as shown in Figure 1.
The central element of the system is a microprocessor or controller 1, whose functions will be described in detail below.
An alternating current power source 2, consisting for example of the phases S and T of the electricity supply, is provided.
The output of the circuit, indicated by 3, is sent to the load to be controlled, which consists of lamps for street lighting, for example, or other loads, according to the user's requirements. An inductive sensor 4, for monitoring the balance of the current draw in the two power supply wires 2, is provided in the power supply line 2.
Any unbalance may indicate malfunctions or losses to earth or neutral, and its output signal is sent to an input N of the microprocessor 1.
As can be seen in the diagram shown in Figure 1, the terminal 2a of the power supply 2 is connected directly to the line 3a leading to the load line 3.
The terminal 2b is connected to the circuitry, located on the right of said diagram shown in Figure 1, which is designed to modulate the voltage present in the line 3b, which is connected to the load line 3 or disconnected from it by means of the double-pole switch Ml.
As can be seen in Figure 1, a switch LI, controlled by the microprocessor 1, is provided and is set up in such a way that, if necessary, the line 2b can be connected directly to the line 3b without any intervening stage.
If the switch LI is in the active state, in other words with the moving contact L2 in contact with the contact L3, the fine L4 is interrupted, causing the activation of the primary winding Pi of a transformer Tl having a secondary Si provided with a multiplicity of taps PI, Ql, Al, Bl, Cl, Dl, El, Fl, Gl, HI which can be switched by means of switches indicated jointly by K10, Kl l so that they are connected to the contacts Yl, Zl, Zl\ Yl'.
The aforesaid contacts Yl, Zl, Z l', Yl' are connected to the secondary Si' of a second transformer Tl', whose primary is connected in series with the primary Pi of the transformer Tl. The microprocessor 1 operates the switches Yl, Zl, Zl', Yl' and the banks of switches K10, Kl l through the lines MPl, MP2, MP3, MP4.
By making an appropriate selection of the turns ratio among the taps of the secondary S i, and by switching the contacts Yl, Zl, Zl', Yl', it is possible to obtain a multiplicity of voltages to be applied to the load lines 3, as illustrated schematically and purely by way of example in the table shown in Figure 3.
The microprocessor 1 monitors the voltage present on the lines 3a, 3b, by means of the inputs Ul, Nl. An input 01 monitors the current flowing in the loads by means of a sensor 10.
The microprocessor 1 is associated with a display unit 11, a four- key pad 12, an ambient fight sensor 13 and a clock and calendar 14.
The various functions controlled by the microprocessor 1 are illustrated below with reference to the flow diagrams.
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 2, in which parts corresponding to those of Figure 1 are indicated by the same reference numbers and will not be described further in detail.
The embodiment of Figure 2 has a single autotransformer ATI, having a single winding AN provided with a first set of taps PSl and a second set of taps PS2, the first being associated with contacts A...H and the second with contacts P; Q; Y; Z.
A multiplicity of transfer ratios, indicated in the table of Figure 4, can be obtained by appropriate switching of the contacts A...H and P; Q; Y; Z, by means of the control line Cl of the microprocessor 1. As will be clear to a person skilled in the art, the microprocessor 1 is provided with a memory, of the EEPROM type for example, containing both the basic firmware and the application software for the various operating configurations of the system.
According to the invention, since the data content of an EEPROM can easily be modified by purely electrical means on a practically infinite number of occasions, the individual devices such as those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 are associated with a system for data transmission to and from a central unit for controlling any number of peripheral units which include the microprocessor 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the system for data transmission between the peripheral units and the central unit is implemented by means of cellular telephony with a data transcription capacity.
With the current development of cellular telephony, much of which has already been completed, the exchange of data between the peripheral units and the central unit can take place by means of SMS technology.
Thus data can be exchanged at high speed and with more than sufficient data capacity for the purposes of the present invention, at very low cost.
Figures 5 and 6 show the flow diagrams of the basic program and of the measurement and stabilization program respectively.
A person skilled in the art may be considered to be capable of correctly interpreting the operating procedures for these flow diagrams, and therefore no detailed description of these is provided.
Figure 7 shows the switching algorithm designed to prevent flickering of light during the switching of the taps on the transformers or autotransformers during their switching for stabilizing the voltage supplied to the loads. Figure 8 shows an example in which contacts P, B, Y are active and a change is to be made to the configuration in which the contacts Q, A, Y are active. A time interval, indicated by way of example as 30 milliseconds, in which all five contacts are simultaneously active, is shown in the zone indicated in broken fines in Figure 8.
In the preceding description, the various contacts both in the line and on the taps of the transformer or autotransformer are indicated by the usual representations of the contacts of electromechanical relays.
It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that these types of controllable contacts can be implemented in the form of means other than conventional electromechanical relays. This is because there is a multiplicity of solid-state components which provide the same functions as electromechanical relays, with greater reliability and ease of control by the signals sent from the output ports of a microprocessor.
The fact that the system according to the present invention makes it possible to provide autonomous and diversified control of each of the different phases independently of each other means that numerous advantages can be obtained in terms of optimization of energy savings and economy of control.
By way of example, loads of various types can be used, and controlled on the different phases with consequent optimization of the energy savings. In the same way, in the case of installations having a considerable length, the connection of the final part to a different phase from the preceding parts yields significant savings in the initial part. Furthermore, it is possible to increase energy savings by opting for the use of slight differences in light emission in the various lamps of the system, these differences being imperceptible to human vision.
Finally, the fact that, according to the system of the present invention, one or more phases can be switched off autonomously and independently of the others provides a saving of energy due to the use of the necessary phases only, and also enables a single sector to be maintained or repaired in case of malfunction or for other reasons.
The present invention has been described with reference to its currently preferred embodiments, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be made in practice by a person skilled in the art without departure from the scope of protection of the present industrial patent.

Claims

Claims
1. System for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units, characterized in that it comprises at least one transformer element having a multiplicity of taps arranged in such a way as to provide voltage ratios greater than, equal to or lower than the nominal power supply voltage and the nominal voltage with which the load is to be supplied, and means for switching the taps selectively by means of switching elements, for providing in various combinations a multiplicity of output voltage levels in a number of steps which is much greater than the number of taps and the number of switching elements, the switching elements being controlled by a microprocessor provided with a program and a real-time clock, and the arrangement being such that the voltage supplied to the lamps or other loads to be supplied can be varied and controlled in different time ranges within a day during which the system is to be operational.
2. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transformer means comprise a first and a second transformer, whose primaries are connected in series, and a secondary of each transformer; one of the secondaries being provided with a multiplicity of taps switchable by means of said switches, and the other secondary being switchable in step-up or step-down mode by means of switches under the control of the microprocessor.
3. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transformer means consist of an autotransformer having a single winding with a first and a second multiplicity of taps which are switchable by a first and a second multiplicity of switches which can be activated in various combinations under the control of the microprocessor.
4. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is possible to provide autonomous and diversified control of each of the different phases, independently of each other.
5. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in order to prevent phenomena of flickering, the operation of switching the switches includes an overlap phase whose duration is much less than a half-period of the alternating current power supply.
6. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microprocessor is associated with a display unit, a keypad, and a real-time calendar, and is provided with means of storing a resident program comprising firmware and application software.
7. System according to Claim 6, characterized in that means are provided for communicating with the microprocessor for modifying the application software according to events or requirements for modifying the modes of operation.
8. System according to Claim 7, characterized in that communication means are provided to send modification instructions to the application software, said means consisting of a cellular telephone with data transcription and receiving capacity.
9. System according to Claim 8, characterized in that the data transmission and reception mode comprises a system for reception and transmission by means of SMS messages.
10. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microprocessor operates according to a program as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
11. System for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units, essentially as described above and as represented in the figures of the attached drawings.
PCT/IT2002/000076 2001-02-13 2002-02-07 System for controlling electrical loads, particularly lighting units WO2002065630A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRM2001A000073 2001-02-13
IT2001RM000073A ITRM20010073A1 (en) 2001-02-13 2001-02-13 ELECTRIC LOAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, IN PARTICULAR LIGHTING ELEMENTS.

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WO2002065630A1 true WO2002065630A1 (en) 2002-08-22

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IT (1) ITRM20010073A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2002065630A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2852188A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-10 Jean Pierre Reynaud Power reduction system for discharge lamp, has control module with relay whose contacts short circuit coil windings based on measurement of stress in network, current absorbed by lamp, and time table
EP2146554A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-20 Sgrizzi, Salvatore Apparatus and process for adjusting alternating-current lighting devices
EP2207403A1 (en) * 2009-01-09 2010-07-14 Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig GmbH Control device and method for operating a street light
CN101841296A (en) * 2010-04-29 2010-09-22 辽宁智远节能科技有限公司 Intelligent power distributing and saving device
EP2388471A1 (en) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-23 AEG Power Solutions B.V. Sequence control circuit for switching devices with a device for distributing firing impulses
EP2571336A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-20 R2R Developpement Öffentliche Beleuchtungsanlage

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2852188A1 (en) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-10 Jean Pierre Reynaud Power reduction system for discharge lamp, has control module with relay whose contacts short circuit coil windings based on measurement of stress in network, current absorbed by lamp, and time table
EP2146554A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-20 Sgrizzi, Salvatore Apparatus and process for adjusting alternating-current lighting devices
EP2207403A1 (en) * 2009-01-09 2010-07-14 Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig GmbH Control device and method for operating a street light
CN101841296A (en) * 2010-04-29 2010-09-22 辽宁智远节能科技有限公司 Intelligent power distributing and saving device
EP2388471A1 (en) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-23 AEG Power Solutions B.V. Sequence control circuit for switching devices with a device for distributing firing impulses
EP2571336A1 (en) 2011-09-16 2013-03-20 R2R Developpement Öffentliche Beleuchtungsanlage
FR2980314A1 (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-03-22 R2R Dev PUBLIC LIGHTING APPARATUS

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CH697215A5 (en) 2008-06-25
ITRM20010073A1 (en) 2002-08-13

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