WO2002043176A1 - Bipolar plate and method of manufacturing same - Google Patents

Bipolar plate and method of manufacturing same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002043176A1
WO2002043176A1 PCT/US2001/043475 US0143475W WO0243176A1 WO 2002043176 A1 WO2002043176 A1 WO 2002043176A1 US 0143475 W US0143475 W US 0143475W WO 0243176 A1 WO0243176 A1 WO 0243176A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
die
electrode
pressure
frame
applying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/043475
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerd Tomazic
Original Assignee
Powercell Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Powercell Corporation filed Critical Powercell Corporation
Priority to AU2002225675A priority Critical patent/AU2002225675A1/en
Publication of WO2002043176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002043176A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0433—Molding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0486—Frames for plates or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
    • H01M12/085—Zinc-halogen cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/029—Bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/8694—Bipolar electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a bipolar plate, and, more particularly, to a bipolar plate and a method of manufacturing same. While not limited thereto, the bipolar plate is suitable for use in association with a zinc/bromine battery.
  • Batteries such as zinc/bromine batteries, include bipolar plates.
  • Such plates generally comprise a plastic material which includes a bipolar electrode, and a four sided frame which extends about the perimeter of bipolar electrode.
  • the frame directs and contains the flow of electrolyte across the bipolar electrode.
  • Prior art formations of such plates comprise a multi- step process. First, the electrode material is combined with frame material and then the combination is co-extruded to form a web comprising a bipolar electrode material having frame sides. Next, the extrusion is cut into desired lengths, and frame ends are attached to the cut ends to form the plate.
  • the prior art solution includes several drawbacks.
  • the process requires both the step of cutting the extrusion to length and the attachment of the frame ends to the cut ends of the plate. These additional steps increase the complexity of the production process, the possibility of manufacturing error, and the overall production cost.
  • Fig. 1 of the drawings is an exploded perspective view of the bipolar electrode of the present invention
  • Fig.2 of the drawings is a schematic view of the process by which to manufacture the bipolar electrode of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 of the drawings is an exploded perspective view of the die with bipolar electrode components positioned therein.
  • Bipolar plate 10 is shown in Fig. 1 as comprising electrode 12, frame 13 and active layer 22. While not limited thereto, bipolar plate 10 is suitable for use in a zinc/bromine battery. In such use, electrode 12 with active layer 22 forms the respective anode and cathode surfaces whereas frame 13 provides a barrier for directing electrolyte across the surfaces of electrode 12 and active layer 22.
  • Electrode 12 includes side edges 24, 26, end edges 28, 30, top 32 and bottom 34. Top 32 and bottom 34 are substantially planar parallel to each other. While not required, top 32 and bottom 34 may include surface variations (i.e. dimples, channels, depressions, etc.) which promote the adhesion of zinc when used in a zinc/bromine battery. While not limited to any particular dimensions, electrode 12 has a length of about 480 mm, a width of about 240 mm and a thickness of about 1.4 mm. Electrode 12 preferably comprises a carbon plastic material such as polyethylene/carbon.
  • Frame 13 is shown in Fig. 1 as extending around the perimeter of electrode 12 and as including first and second side strips 14, 16, first and second end strips 18, 20.
  • Side strips 14, 16 are shown in Fig 1 as including respective inner side edges 36, 37, respective top surfaces 38, 39 and respective bottom surfaces 40, 41.
  • Inner side edge 36 of side strip 14 is associated with side edge 24 of electrode 12.
  • imier side edge 37 of side strip 16 is associated with side edge 26 of electrode 12.
  • Side edges generally extend along the entire length of the respective side edge of electrode 12 and generally have a width of about 30 mm and a thickness of about 1.4 mm.
  • Side strips generally comprise a plastic material such as polyethylene.
  • End strips 18, 20 are shown in Fig. 1 as comprising respective inner side edges 42, 43, respective top surfaces 44, 45, and respective bottom surfaces 46, 47.
  • Inner side edge 42 of end strip 18 is associated with end edge 28 of electrode 12.
  • inner side edge 43 of end strip 20 is associated with end edge 30 of electrode 12.
  • the inner side edges of each of the side strips 14, 16 and each of the end strips 18, 20 are joined at the respective comers of electrode 12.
  • the end strips generally comprise a plastic material identical to that of the side strips.
  • Active layer 22 is shown in Fig. 1 as comprising a layer of carbon which is formed into electrode 12. In certain embodiments, and, as will be explained below, active layer 22 may be incorporated into electrode 12 in various manners (i.e. powder form or paper form).
  • die 100 is provided. As shown in Fig. 3 in detail, Die 100 includes top die component 110 and bottom die component 120. Top die component 110 include inner region 115 and bottom die component 120 includes inner region 125. When the two die components are positioned in a desired closed position, inner regions 115 and 125 define cavity 130. As will be understood cavity 130 corresponds to the final desired shape of bipolar plate, and the die likewise serves as ajig to properly place the components in the desired position. Since, as will be explained, the die is heated and cooled in succession, a relatively rigid yet light weight die is preferred. Accordingly, while various materials and configurations are contemplated, die 100 is produced from 1.5 mm ground steel sheet.
  • the die is durable, yet it is of such light weight that it can be quickly heated and cooled. In turn, production time can be minimized.
  • the die is preheated for a period of about 30 seconds to a temperature of between 120 and 190° C. In certain embodiments, temperature of the preheated die may be above or below the specified range. In other embodiments, the step of preheating the die may be entirely omitted.
  • the next step is to place the components into the die.
  • electrode 12 is positioned within imier region 125 of lower die component 120.
  • frame 13 is positioned.
  • frame 13 comprises two separate side strips 14, 16 and two separate end strips 18, 20.
  • frame 13 may comprise a greater number or a fewer number of components (i.e. the strips may be integrated prior to insertion into the die, or each side strip may be associated with an end strip).
  • active material 22 is positioned onto electrode 12.
  • active material 22 may comprise a carbon sheet, whereas, in another embodiment, active material 22 may comprise a carbon powder which is applied to one or both of top and bottom surfaces 32, 34 of electrode 12.
  • the die is positioned into a heated press for a particular period of time.
  • the die is heated to about 185 °C.
  • the press is first compressed to a force of 6 tons for approximately 10 seconds.
  • the press is compressed to a force of 20 tons for approximately 15 seconds.
  • the various components have been joined into a single bipolar plate of suitable configuration.
  • temperatures, pressures and application times will vary depending on the material utilized for the bipolar plate components, the dimensions of the bipolar plate components and the die properties.
  • the die is transferred to a cooling press.
  • the die remains in the cooling press for about 30 seconds.
  • the cooling press permits the rapid cooling of the die and the now fo ⁇ ned bipolar plate.
  • the rapid cooling freezes the various component stresses.
  • the completed bipolar plate is less susceptible to wa ⁇ ing from internal stresses.
  • the die can remain in the same press but the temperatures can be changed.
  • the heating and the cooling press may be integrated into a single press.
  • the die moves to final cooling wherein the temperature of the component is further reduced (i.e. to room temperature).
  • the bipolar plate is discharged from die 100.
  • the formed bipolar plate is now ready for inco ⁇ oration into, for example, a zinc/bromine batteiy.
  • the die is ready for use in the production of further bipolar plates.
  • the total cycle time is approximately 35 seconds. Of course the time is dependent on, among other things, the size of the bipolar plate and the type of temperatures and pressures utilized by the presses.
  • the bipolar plate when formed in a single forming step as described above, is substantially free of internal component stresses ( and, in turn, free of wai ing). Further, integrity of the overall plate can be more easily controlled.

Abstract

A bipolar plate (10) and a method for forming a bipolar plate (10). The method comprises the steps of providing a frame (13) and an electrode (12), molding the frame (13) and electrode (12) into an electrode plate within a die (100) and freezing component stresses in the formed frame (13) and electrode (12).

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
BIPOLAR PLATE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to a bipolar plate, and, more particularly, to a bipolar plate and a method of manufacturing same. While not limited thereto, the bipolar plate is suitable for use in association with a zinc/bromine battery.
2. Background Art
Batteries, such as zinc/bromine batteries, include bipolar plates. Such plates generally comprise a plastic material which includes a bipolar electrode, and a four sided frame which extends about the perimeter of bipolar electrode. In operation in a battery, the frame directs and contains the flow of electrolyte across the bipolar electrode. Prior art formations of such plates comprise a multi- step process. First, the electrode material is combined with frame material and then the combination is co-extruded to form a web comprising a bipolar electrode material having frame sides. Next, the extrusion is cut into desired lengths, and frame ends are attached to the cut ends to form the plate.
The prior art solution includes several drawbacks. First, since the frame material and the electrode material generally have different characteristics, when combined into a single extrusion, internal component stresses in the extrusion tends promote waφing during cooling. Moreover, the process requires both the step of cutting the extrusion to length and the attachment of the frame ends to the cut ends of the plate. These additional steps increase the complexity of the production process, the possibility of manufacturing error, and the overall production cost.
Thus, it is an object of the invention to facilitate the production of bipolar electrodes in an improved process.
NOT FURNISHED UPON FILING
NOT FURNISHED UPON FILING
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 of the drawings is an exploded perspective view of the bipolar electrode of the present invention;
Fig.2 of the drawings is a schematic view of the process by which to manufacture the bipolar electrode of the present invention; and
Fig. 3 of the drawings is an exploded perspective view of the die with bipolar electrode components positioned therein.
BEST MODE FOR PRACTICING THE INVENTION
While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will be described in detail, one specific embodiment with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiment illustrated.
Bipolar plate 10 is shown in Fig. 1 as comprising electrode 12, frame 13 and active layer 22. While not limited thereto, bipolar plate 10 is suitable for use in a zinc/bromine battery. In such use, electrode 12 with active layer 22 forms the respective anode and cathode surfaces whereas frame 13 provides a barrier for directing electrolyte across the surfaces of electrode 12 and active layer 22.
Electrode 12 includes side edges 24, 26, end edges 28, 30, top 32 and bottom 34. Top 32 and bottom 34 are substantially planar parallel to each other. While not required, top 32 and bottom 34 may include surface variations (i.e. dimples, channels, depressions, etc.) which promote the adhesion of zinc when used in a zinc/bromine battery. While not limited to any particular dimensions, electrode 12 has a length of about 480 mm, a width of about 240 mm and a thickness of about 1.4 mm. Electrode 12 preferably comprises a carbon plastic material such as polyethylene/carbon.
Frame 13 is shown in Fig. 1 as extending around the perimeter of electrode 12 and as including first and second side strips 14, 16, first and second end strips 18, 20. Side strips 14, 16 are shown in Fig 1 as including respective inner side edges 36, 37, respective top surfaces 38, 39 and respective bottom surfaces 40, 41. Inner side edge 36 of side strip 14 is associated with side edge 24 of electrode 12. Similarly, imier side edge 37 of side strip 16 is associated with side edge 26 of electrode 12. Side edges generally extend along the entire length of the respective side edge of electrode 12 and generally have a width of about 30 mm and a thickness of about 1.4 mm. Side strips generally comprise a plastic material such as polyethylene.
End strips 18, 20 are shown in Fig. 1 as comprising respective inner side edges 42, 43, respective top surfaces 44, 45, and respective bottom surfaces 46, 47. Inner side edge 42 of end strip 18 is associated with end edge 28 of electrode 12. Similarly, inner side edge 43 of end strip 20 is associated with end edge 30 of electrode 12. As such, the inner side edges of each of the side strips 14, 16 and each of the end strips 18, 20 are joined at the respective comers of electrode 12. As with the side strips, the end strips generally comprise a plastic material identical to that of the side strips.
Active layer 22 is shown in Fig. 1 as comprising a layer of carbon which is formed into electrode 12. In certain embodiments, and, as will be explained below, active layer 22 may be incorporated into electrode 12 in various manners (i.e. powder form or paper form).
The method of manufacturing bipolar plate 10 is shown in Fig. 2. Specifically, to manufacture bipolar plate 10, die 100 is provided. As shown in Fig. 3 in detail, Die 100 includes top die component 110 and bottom die component 120. Top die component 110 include inner region 115 and bottom die component 120 includes inner region 125. When the two die components are positioned in a desired closed position, inner regions 115 and 125 define cavity 130. As will be understood cavity 130 corresponds to the final desired shape of bipolar plate, and the die likewise serves as ajig to properly place the components in the desired position. Since, as will be explained, the die is heated and cooled in succession, a relatively rigid yet light weight die is preferred. Accordingly, while various materials and configurations are contemplated, die 100 is produced from 1.5 mm ground steel sheet. With such material and configuration, the die is durable, yet it is of such light weight that it can be quickly heated and cooled. In turn, production time can be minimized. Once the die has been provided, the die is preheated for a period of about 30 seconds to a temperature of between 120 and 190° C. In certain embodiments, temperature of the preheated die may be above or below the specified range. In other embodiments, the step of preheating the die may be entirely omitted.
Once preheated as desired, as shown in Fig. 2, the next step is to place the components into the die. As shown in detail in Fig. 3, electrode 12 is positioned within imier region 125 of lower die component 120. Next, frame 13 is positioned. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, frame 13 comprises two separate side strips 14, 16 and two separate end strips 18, 20. In other embodiments, frame 13 may comprise a greater number or a fewer number of components (i.e. the strips may be integrated prior to insertion into the die, or each side strip may be associated with an end strip). Lastly, active material 22 is positioned onto electrode 12. In one embodiment, active material 22 may comprise a carbon sheet, whereas, in another embodiment, active material 22 may comprise a carbon powder which is applied to one or both of top and bottom surfaces 32, 34 of electrode 12.
Once all of the components have been positioned into the die, the die is positioned into a heated press for a particular period of time. In one embodiment, the die is heated to about 185 °C. The press is first compressed to a force of 6 tons for approximately 10 seconds. Next, the press is compressed to a force of 20 tons for approximately 15 seconds. At such time, the various components have been joined into a single bipolar plate of suitable configuration. Of course, temperatures, pressures and application times will vary depending on the material utilized for the bipolar plate components, the dimensions of the bipolar plate components and the die properties.
Once the step of heated pressing is completed, the die is transferred to a cooling press. In one embodiment, the die remains in the cooling press for about 30 seconds. The cooling press permits the rapid cooling of the die and the now foπned bipolar plate. The rapid cooling freezes the various component stresses. As such, the completed bipolar plate is less susceptible to waφing from internal stresses. In another embodiment, the die can remain in the same press but the temperatures can be changed. Thus, the heating and the cooling press may be integrated into a single press.
Once the cooling press step is completed, the die moves to final cooling wherein the temperature of the component is further reduced (i.e. to room temperature). Once fully cooled, the bipolar plate is discharged from die 100. The formed bipolar plate is now ready for incoφoration into, for example, a zinc/bromine batteiy. Similarly, the die is ready for use in the production of further bipolar plates. In the embodiment explained above, the total cycle time is approximately 35 seconds. Of course the time is dependent on, among other things, the size of the bipolar plate and the type of temperatures and pressures utilized by the presses.
Advantageously, when formed in a single forming step as described above, the bipolar plate is substantially free of internal component stresses ( and, in turn, free of wai ing). Further, integrity of the overall plate can be more easily controlled.
The foregoing description merely explains and illustrates the invention and the invention is not limited thereto except insofar as the appended claims are so limited, as those skilled in the art who have the disclosure before them will be able to make modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:
1. A method for forming a bipolar plate comprising the steps of:
- providing a frame;
- providing an electrode;
- providing a die capable of receiving the frame and the electrode;
- positioning the frame and the electrode within the die;
- applying a desired pressure on the die for a desired amount of time in a heated press;
- applying a desired pressure on the die for a desired amount of time in a cooling press;
- releasing the pressure from the die; and
- releasing the bipolar plate from the die.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
- preheating the die to a desired temperature prior to the step of positioning.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of:
- cooling the die for a desired amount of time after the step of releasing the pressure from the die.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing a frame comprises the steps of:
- providing a first and second side strip, and
- providing a first and second end strip.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
- providing an active material; and
- applying the active material onto the electrode, prior to the step of applying a desired pressure on the die for a desired amount of time in a heated press.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein step of applying a desired pressure on the die for a desired amount of time in a heated press further comprises the steps of:
- applying a first pressure for a desired amount of time; and
- applying a second pressure for a desired amount of time.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the second pressure is greater than the first pressure.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the first pressure is about 6 tons of force.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the first pressure is applied for a period of about 10 seconds.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein the second pressure is about 12 tons of force.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the second pressure is applied for a period of about 15 seconds.
12. The method of claim 7 wherein the first pressure is about 6 tons of force and the second pressure is about 15 tons of force.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the heated press is heated to a temperature of about 185 °C.
14. A method for forming a bipolar plate comprising the steps of:
- providing a frame and an electrode;
- molding the frame and electrode into an electrode plate within a die; and
- freezing component stresses in the formed frame and electrode.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of freezing comprises the step of:
- cooling the formed frame and electrode within the die.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of molding comprises the steps of:
- placing the frame and the electrode within the die; and
- applying a desired pressure on the die for a desired amount of time in a heated press.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of applying a desired pressure comprises the steps of:
- applying a first pressure for a desired amount of time; and
- applying a second pressure for a desired amount of time.
18. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of placing further comprises the step of:
- placing an active material within the die.
19. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of: - releasing the bipolar electrode from the die.
20. A bipolar electrode formed by the method of claim 14.
PCT/US2001/043475 2000-11-22 2001-11-21 Bipolar plate and method of manufacturing same WO2002043176A1 (en)

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US09/721,569 2000-11-22

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Cited By (3)

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WO2006114605A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Atraverda Limited Electrode and manufacturing methods
CN1314152C (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-05-02 上海交通大学 Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) double plates
WO2012091870A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 General Electric Company Semultaneous polymerization of two vinyl monomer mixtures to opposite faces of a flat porous subtrate

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US5578388A (en) * 1993-04-30 1996-11-26 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Electrochemical cell provided with ion exchange membranes and bipolar metal plates
US5688615A (en) * 1995-11-03 1997-11-18 Globe-Union, Inc. Bipolar battery and method of making same
US6037072A (en) * 1996-09-27 2000-03-14 Regents Of The University Of California Fuel cell with metal screen flow field
US6232010B1 (en) * 1999-05-08 2001-05-15 Lynn Tech Power Systems, Ltd. Unitized barrier and flow control device for electrochemical reactors

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5578388A (en) * 1993-04-30 1996-11-26 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Electrochemical cell provided with ion exchange membranes and bipolar metal plates
US5688615A (en) * 1995-11-03 1997-11-18 Globe-Union, Inc. Bipolar battery and method of making same
US6037072A (en) * 1996-09-27 2000-03-14 Regents Of The University Of California Fuel cell with metal screen flow field
US6232010B1 (en) * 1999-05-08 2001-05-15 Lynn Tech Power Systems, Ltd. Unitized barrier and flow control device for electrochemical reactors

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006114605A1 (en) * 2005-04-27 2006-11-02 Atraverda Limited Electrode and manufacturing methods
CN101194382B (en) * 2005-04-27 2012-02-15 阿特拉沃达有限公司 Electrode and manufacturing methods
US8119290B2 (en) 2005-04-27 2012-02-21 Atraverda Limited Electrode and manufacturing methods
CN1314152C (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-05-02 上海交通大学 Molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) double plates
WO2012091870A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 General Electric Company Semultaneous polymerization of two vinyl monomer mixtures to opposite faces of a flat porous subtrate
JP2014503014A (en) * 2010-12-30 2014-02-06 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ Simultaneous polymerization of two vinyl monomer mixtures on both sides of a flat porous substrate

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