WO2002000551A2 - A process and apparatus for brine purification - Google Patents

A process and apparatus for brine purification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002000551A2
WO2002000551A2 PCT/IL2001/000545 IL0100545W WO0200551A2 WO 2002000551 A2 WO2002000551 A2 WO 2002000551A2 IL 0100545 W IL0100545 W IL 0100545W WO 0200551 A2 WO0200551 A2 WO 0200551A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brine solution
reformed
station
process according
semi
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2001/000545
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2002000551A3 (en
Inventor
Israel Garden
Original Assignee
Israel Garden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Israel Garden filed Critical Israel Garden
Priority to AU2001266283A priority Critical patent/AU2001266283A1/en
Publication of WO2002000551A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002000551A2/en
Publication of WO2002000551A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002000551A3/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J49/50—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents
    • B01J49/53—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor characterised by the regeneration reagents for cationic exchangers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/14—Purification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D3/00—Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D3/14—Purification
    • C01D3/16—Purification by precipitation or adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
    • B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reformation process of brine solution
  • Hard waters may be softened by passage through beds of ion exchange
  • Ion exchangers are beds of zeolites, carbonaceous materials or
  • the beds are regenerated with salt, acid, sodium carbonate or
  • treated water soft water is almost free of calcium and magnesium and now
  • Softeners use an excess of salt during brining. Normally this excess salt (in
  • chloride salts of sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese are particular, the chloride salts of sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese
  • R/O Reverse Osmosis System
  • additional object of present invention is to provide a cyclic process for
  • object of present invention to provide a Hardness Precipitation System
  • bivalent cations in particular, calcium, magnesium, iron and
  • additional object of present invention is to provide a process for continuous
  • Fig. 1 A flow-diagram demonstrating the steps involved in a cyclic
  • Fig. 2 A flow-diagram outlining the process described in the Example.
  • the present invention provides a new system and apparatus for cyclic
  • microfiltration system preferably consisting of microfiltration system, and most preferably of
  • cross-flow type for removing, optionally in an elevated pH, same bivalent
  • metal ions and silica in the form of either carbonate or sulphate metal ions and silica in the form of either carbonate or sulphate
  • Said semi-reformed brine solution is optionally subjected to a pH
  • pH may be optionally adjusted by adding either an acid or CO2 in order to prevent sedimentation of carbonates and/or sulphates
  • R/O system to re-establish NaCl concentration suitable for ion —
  • Ion Exchange Softener ion-exchange softener resin, Bayer
  • microfilter of crossflow type (Memtek-U.S.F) in a rate of 150 liter per hour
  • soda ash sodium carbonate

Abstract

The present application relates to a reformation process of brine solution formed following loading of the ion-exchange resin used for water softening. The cyclic, continuous process for brine reformation comprising the steps: (I) a brine solution containing bivalent cations, in particular calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese ions, is transferred to a Hardness Precipitation System (Station 1) in which, at a suitable pH, same cations are removed as carbonate and/or sulphate salts, in a precipitation form, resulting in a semi-reformed brine solution containing sodium chloride in a typical concentration of 1 % to 2 % by weight; said semi-reformed brine solution is optionally subjected to a pH adjustment step (Station 2); (II) following said optionally pH adjustment the semi-reformed brine solution is transferred to a Reverse Osmosis System (Station 3) in which an increase of NaCl concentration is accomplished, providing a reformed brine solution suitable for regenerating an ion-exchange resin applicable in water softening process; (III) Applying the reformed brine solution in regeneration of an ion-exchange resin.

Description

A PEOCESS AND APPARATUS FOR BRINE REFORMATION
The present invention relates to a reformation process of brine solution
formed following loading of the ion-exchange resin used for water softening.
More specifically, it relates to a new environmental friendly salt and water
conservation system which allows safely removal of potential undesired
bivalent cations, while reforming brine solution. The reformed brine solution
is applicable for regeneration of ion-exchange resins used in water softening
processes.
Hard waters may be softened by passage through beds of ion exchange
media. Ion exchangers are beds of zeolites, carbonaceous materials or
resinous substances. Depending upon- their nature and that of the ions
exchanged, the beds are regenerated with salt, acid, sodium carbonate or
sodium hydroxide. The hardness of water is due to its calcium and
magnesium content.
One widely used process for softening residential and industrial process
water is sodium cation exchange. This process involves the passing of hard
water through a bed of resin enriched, or loaded, with sodium ions. The
treated water (soft water) is almost free of calcium and magnesium and now
contains an increased level of sodium due to the exchange properties of the
resin. When the sodium ions in the resin bed are diminished it is necessary to regenerate the ion-exchange resin with sodium ions, and this may be done
by adding sodium chloride containing solutions.
Since sodium chloride is consumed to produce soft water, salt-saving
techniques have been developed, among them are brine reclamation, namely
reuse the brine for subsequent ion-exchange regeneration.
Softeners use an excess of salt during brining. Normally this excess salt (in
particular, the chloride salts of sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese
and iron) goes into a sanitary sewer system and then to a stream, river or
municipal waste water treatment plant. Salt pollution is an evolving
problem in many countries, particularly countries which have extended dry
seasons where rivers and streams may dry substantially. Salt
concentrations (in particular, chloride concentrations) during dry seasons
may grow to harmful levels, resulted in endangering wildlife and
ecological-systems.
Consequently, it is an urgent need for a highly efficient process which both
substantially reduces water and salt discharging into the sewer systems and
at the same time discharges bivalent cations as non-hazardous precipitants.
More specifically, a high efficient process for reformatting the brine solution
formed following regeneration of ion-exchange resin used in water softening
processes, is an urgent environmental demand. In order to avoid the release of brine containing salts to the sewer, systems
were developed in which regeneration of the brine solution is carried out.
Autocatalytic Sales of Elmhurst, Illinois, USA, provides a salt conservation
system comprising the step of adding sodium carbonate into a container
containing brine solution and let calcium and magnesium settle to the
bottom as carbonates whereas the remaining brine is decanted off. A
shortcoming of this process is derived from the fact that decanted brine
contains suspended particles of bivalent salts that do not precipitate under
such conditions. A small amount of muriatic acid is added and some
additional sodium chloride is added for refortification, unlike the process of
present invention in which addition of NaCl is not required at all.
Considering the above described method for brine reformation, it was
surprisingly found that carrying out the carbonate/sulphate precipitation
step in a Hardness Precipitation System, preferably in a micrifiltration
apparatus, and most preferably in a crossflow type, combined with a
Reverse Osmosis System (R/O), provides an economical, high efficient,
continuous process, that yields a better result, with more solid waste
removed to filter-press.
Thus, it is the object of present invention to provide a new process for
reformation of a brine solution, and the use of same reformed brine for regeneration of an ion-exchanger used in a process of water softening. An
additional object of present invention is to provide a cyclic process for
regenerating the ion-exchanger used in water softening. It is yet a urther
object of present invention to provide a Hardness Precipitation System,
preferably in a microfilter equipment, and most preferably of a crossflow
type, for removing bivalent cations, accumulated during the loading process
of an ion-exchanger used in water softening. More specifically, it is an object
of present invention to use the Hardness Precipitation System for replacing
undesired bivalent cations (in particular, calcium, magnesium, iron and
manganese ions), with monovalent cations (in particular, sodium ions). An
additional object of present invention is to provide a process for continuous
reformation of brine solution, comprising the steps of replacing bivalent
cation ions, with sodium ions, removing the bivalent cations in a precipitate
form and subsequently increasing the concentration of the sodium ions to
meet the concentration range required for regeneration of the ion-exchange
resin by means of R.O. system.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig. 1: A flow-diagram demonstrating the steps involved in a cyclic,
continuous brine reformation process; and
Fig. 2: A flow-diagram outlining the process described in the Example.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a new system and apparatus for cyclic,
continuous brine reformation process and for an ion-exchanger cyclic
regeneration, comprising the following steps (Fig. 1):
1. Upon regeneration of the Ion Exchange Softener, a brine solution is
formed (Exhausted Brine) containing the released bivalent cations, in
particular, calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese ions.
2. The brine solution is transferred to the Hardness Precipitation System,
preferably consisting of microfiltration system, and most preferably of
cross-flow type, for removing, optionally in an elevated pH, same bivalent
metal ions and silica in the form of either carbonate or sulphate
precipitants, resulting in a semi-reformed brine solution containing
sodium chloride in a concentration of 1 to 2% by weight.
3. Said semi-reformed brine solution is optionally subjected to a pH
adjustment step. pH may be optionally adjusted by adding either an acid or CO2 in order to prevent sedimentation of carbonates and/or sulphates
in the regenerated ion-exchanger.
4. The semi-reformed brine solution is transferred to a Reverse Osmosis
System (R/O system) to re-establish NaCl concentration suitable for ion —
exchanger regeneration purposes. The permeate of the R/O system is
transferred for consumption with soft water and the retainat, being a
reformed brine solution, is transferred to a reservoir (Brine).
5. Applying the reformed concentrated brine solution for regenerating the
Ion-Exchange Softener with sodium ions.
The following example is provided merely to illustrate the invention and is
not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.
EXAMPLE (Fig. 2)
A brine solution containing 5% NaCl (by weight) was transferred through
an Ion Exchange Softener ( ion-exchange softener resin, Bayer), in a daily
average flow rate of 150 liter per hour. The brine solution that was released
from the ion-exchanger bed (Exhausted Brine) contained 1% (by weight) of
bivalent metals calculated as CaCk Said brine solution was passed through
a microfilter of crossflow type (Memtek-U.S.F) in a rate of 150 liter per hour
to which powdered lime (calcium hydroxide) was added for adjusting the pH
to 10.5, followed by addition of soda ash (sodium carbonate) in an amount of
1 mole soda ash per mole calcium carbonate. 1.6 kg (calculated as dry
material) of corresponding bivalent metal salts, in a precipitate form, were removed from filter-press as wet solid waste, including the carbonate salts of
calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron and/or their respective hydroxide
compounds.
The semi-reformed brine solution which was released from the microfilter
unit contained 1.5% NaCl (by weight). 15% HC1 solution was added to adjust
the pH to about 7. Said semi-reformed brine solution was pumped to a R/O
membrane system (U.S. Filter) from which the permeate is sent in a rate of
105 liter per hour to soft water consumption and the retainat, being a
reformed brine solution having 5% NaCl, is accumulated in the brine
reservoir container, at a rate of 46 1/h from which it is transferred for
regenerating the same Ion-Exchange Softener in a cyclic pattern.

Claims

1. A cyclic, continuous process for brine reformation comprising the steps:
(I) a brine solution containing bivalent cations, in particular calcium,
magnesium, iron and manganese ions, is transferred to a Hardness
Precipitation System (Station 1) in which, at a suitable pH, same
cations are removed as carbonate and/or sulphate salts, in a
precipitation form, resulting in a semi-reformed brine solution
containing sodium chloride in a typical concentration of 1% to 2% by
weight; said semi-reformed brine solution is optionally subjected to a
pH adjustment step (Station 2);
(II) following said optionally pH adjustment the semi-reformed brine
solution is transferred to a Reverse Osmosis System (Station 3) in
which an increase of NaCl concentration is accomplished, providing a
reformed brine solution suitable for regenerating an ion-exchange
resin applicable in water softening process;
(III) Applying the reformed brine solution in regeneration of an
ion-exchange resin.
2. A process according to claim 1, wherein Station 1 comprises a
microfiltration apparatus.
3. A process according to claim 2, wherein Station 1 comprises a cross-flow
microfiltration apparatus.
4. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein hydroxides such
as lime/caustic are used in Station 1 to elevate the pH, and carbonates
or sulfates are used for precipitating said bivalent cations.
5. A process according to claim 4, wherein calcium hydroxide is added to
obtain pH of 9 to 12, and preferably 10.5.
6. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein sulphates are
used in Station 1 for precipitating said bivalent cations.
7. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein precipitated
carbonate and sulphate salts are removed from Station 1 by filter press
system, retaining a semi-reformed brine solution.
8. A process according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said
semi-reformed brine solution formed in Station 1 contains about 1.5%
sodium chloride (by weight).
9. A process according to any one of claims 1, 4 and 5, wherein acid is added
in Station 2 to said semi-reformed brine solution, maintaining a pH that
prevents sedimentation of carbonates and/or sulphates when reformed brine solution is used in regeneration process of an ion-exchanger
applicable in water softening.
10. A process according to claim 9, wherein said acid is HC1.
11. A process according to claim 1, wherein said semi-reformed brine
solution is processed in Station 3 to re-establish NaCl concentration
suitable for regeneration of ion-exchanger applicable in water softening.
12. A process according to claim 11, wherein the permeate formed in
Station 3 is transferred for consumption with soft water and the retainat,
being a reformed brine solution, is transferred to a reservoir.
13. A process according to claim 12, wherein the retainat containing 3 to
15% (by weight) of sodium chloride.
14. A process according to claim 13, wherein the concentration of sodium
chloride is 10% by weight.
15. A process according to claiml3, wherein the concentration of sodium
chloride is 5% by weight.
16. A process according to any one of claims 1, 4 and 5, wherein CO2 is
used in station 1 as a precipitating agent providing carbonate ions.
17. A process according to claim 16, wherein CO2 is added for adjusting
pH in station 2 with or without addition of HC1.
18. A process according to claim 1, substantially as described in the
specification.
PCT/IL2001/000545 2000-06-29 2001-06-14 A process and apparatus for brine purification WO2002000551A2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001266283A AU2001266283A1 (en) 2000-06-29 2001-06-14 A process and apparatus for brine reformation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL137102 2000-06-29
IL13710200A IL137102A0 (en) 2000-06-29 2000-06-29 A process and apparatus for brine reformation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002000551A2 true WO2002000551A2 (en) 2002-01-03
WO2002000551A3 WO2002000551A3 (en) 2002-05-10

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EP1424311A1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2004-06-02 Nitto Denko Corporation Method of multi-stage reverse osmosis treatment
WO2004103545A2 (en) 2003-05-08 2004-12-02 Amalgamated Research, Inc. Regenerant reuse
WO2005005323A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-20 Culligan International Company System for reclaiming water softener brine waste
FR2905947A1 (en) * 2006-09-18 2008-03-21 Tescel Etablissement Public Recycling calcium- and-or magnesium-rich used brine, e.g. from water softeners, involves recovering used brine to form a stock and precipitating bivalent ions by adding an inositol phosphate compound
WO2010012691A1 (en) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Otv Sa Reverse osmosis water treatment process that includes a decarbonation of a concentrate and a remineralization of a filtrate
US7744761B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2010-06-29 Calera Corporation Desalination methods and systems that include carbonate compound precipitation
US7749476B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2010-07-06 Calera Corporation Production of carbonate-containing compositions from material comprising metal silicates
US7754169B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2010-07-13 Calera Corporation Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides
US7753618B2 (en) 2007-06-28 2010-07-13 Calera Corporation Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same
US7771684B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2010-08-10 Calera Corporation CO2-sequestering formed building materials
US7790012B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2010-09-07 Calera Corporation Low energy electrochemical hydroxide system and method
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US7993511B2 (en) 2009-07-15 2011-08-09 Calera Corporation Electrochemical production of an alkaline solution using CO2
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US8585906B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2013-11-19 Rayne Dealership Corporation Regeneration of ion exchange resin and recovery of regenerant solution
US8834688B2 (en) 2009-02-10 2014-09-16 Calera Corporation Low-voltage alkaline production using hydrogen and electrocatalytic electrodes
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US9133581B2 (en) 2008-10-31 2015-09-15 Calera Corporation Non-cementitious compositions comprising vaterite and methods thereof
US9260314B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2016-02-16 Calera Corporation Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides
CN105905927A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-08-31 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 Brine purification device and method for removing strontium element from sodium sulfate type brine
CN106082278A (en) * 2016-06-20 2016-11-09 中盐金坛盐化有限责任公司 A kind of Galuber's salt type brine removes the purification method of strontium element
WO2020003148A3 (en) * 2018-06-26 2020-04-16 J. A. J. Technologies (Pty) Ltd Reverse osmosis process
JP2021007927A (en) * 2019-07-02 2021-01-28 栗田工業株式会社 Regeneration process of water softener, and manufacturing apparatus of desalted water
US11478749B2 (en) 2019-06-18 2022-10-25 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation Method for purifying and recovering solvent from ion exchange processes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1424311A4 (en) * 2001-09-06 2005-09-14 Nitto Denko Corp Method of multi-stage reverse osmosis treatment
EP1424311A1 (en) * 2001-09-06 2004-06-02 Nitto Denko Corporation Method of multi-stage reverse osmosis treatment
EP1651348A4 (en) * 2003-05-08 2010-03-24 Amalgamated Res Inc Regenerant reuse
WO2004103545A2 (en) 2003-05-08 2004-12-02 Amalgamated Research, Inc. Regenerant reuse
EP1651348A2 (en) * 2003-05-08 2006-05-03 Amalgamated Research, Inc. Regenerant reuse
WO2005005323A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-01-20 Culligan International Company System for reclaiming water softener brine waste
US8585906B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2013-11-19 Rayne Dealership Corporation Regeneration of ion exchange resin and recovery of regenerant solution
US9186665B2 (en) 2006-07-14 2015-11-17 Rayne Dealership Corporation System for ion exchange resin regeneration and regenerant recovery
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