WO2001089036A1 - Device and method for frequency tuning of an antenna for sending and receiving signals - Google Patents

Device and method for frequency tuning of an antenna for sending and receiving signals

Info

Publication number
WO2001089036A1
WO2001089036A1 PCT/DE2001/001880 DE0101880W WO0189036A1 WO 2001089036 A1 WO2001089036 A1 WO 2001089036A1 DE 0101880 W DE0101880 W DE 0101880W WO 0189036 A1 WO0189036 A1 WO 0189036A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
frequency
resonance frequency
tuning
transmitting
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2001/001880
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wolfgang DÜRR
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2001089036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001089036A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for transmitting and receiving signals with an antenna, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 6.
  • Antennas are set for example in mobile phones is ⁇ in order to exchange data over a transmission station having a ⁇ at their phone.
  • mobile radio technology there is a trend towards miniaturization and the integration of antennas.
  • One possibility for this is the use of dielectric materials with a large dielectric constant.
  • the smaller antennas have the physical disadvantage that they only have a relatively good transmission and reception characteristic in a narrow frequency band.
  • integrated antennas are relatively easily influenced by outside, whereby the resonance frequency usually shifts to lower frequencies. The shift of the resonance frequency towards low frequencies leads to a loss of the emitted and the received transmission or reception power in the case of a deteriorated antenna adaptation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved method and an improved device for transmitting and receiving signals with an antenna.
  • a major advantage of the invention according to claims 1 and 6 is that the antenna can be adjusted in the resonance frequency. In this way, a narrowband antenna can also be tuned to an optimal resonance frequency. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
  • a preferred execution for the present invention is to provide a switching unit, a Re ⁇ unit area with which the resonance frequency is variier- bar.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention uses a tuning circuit to adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna, the tuning circuit having a variable capacitance.
  • the tuning circuit having a variable capacitance.
  • the natural frequency of the tuning circuit can be varied in a simple and precise manner and the resonance frequency of the antenna can be set.
  • a varactor diode is preferably used as the variable capacitance.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna is optimally set only with respect to reception, and the resonance frequency for transmission is selected as a function of the resonance frequency set for reception, the frequency spacing between the resonance frequencies corresponding to a predetermined duplex spacing. In this way, the tuning of the antenna with respect to transmission is achieved only via the frequency tuned for optimized reception.
  • FIG. 1 shows an antenna with a tuning circuit and switching unit
  • FIG. 2 shows a method for tuning the antenna and FIG. 3 shows an antenna with a measuring device for the radiated and reflected power.
  • Figure 1 shows an antenna 1, which is preferably tuned to a predetermined frequency band.
  • the antenna is play formed in miniaturized form and integrated on ei ⁇ nem semiconductor device, and therefore has a rela tively ⁇ narrow frequency band, in which the antenna send signals 1 and / or receive.
  • the antenna 1 is connected to a tuning resonant circuit which has a capacitance in the form of a varactor diode 2 and a coil 3.
  • the antenna 1 is connected to a connecting line between the varactor diode 2 and the coil 3, preferably with the antenna base.
  • the varactor diode 2 is connected to ground 5.
  • the coil 3 is also connected to a capacitor 4 which is connected to ground 5.
  • the capacitor 4 is dimensioned such that there is a short circuit across the capacitor 4 in the resonant frequency range of the antenna 1.
  • a line 14 is connected, which leads via a resistor 7 to a digital / analog converter 9.
  • the tuning circuit can also be connected to another connection point of the antenna. In a simple embodiment, only one tuning element in the form of a capacitor is arranged instead of the tuning resonant circuit.
  • a high-frequency transceiver 8 is provided, which is connected to the antenna base between the varactor diode 2 and the coil 3.
  • the HF transceiver 8 is connected to the digital / analog converter 9 and to an analog / digital converter 10 via a second interface 13.
  • the digital / analog converter 9 and the analog / digital converter 10 are connected to a computing unit 11 via a first interface 12.
  • An interface includes data and control lines.
  • a plurality of A / D converters 10 and D / A converters 9 are preferably provided.
  • the high-frequency transceiver 8 is preferably designed as a fully integrated multi-band transceiver for the GSM 900, DCS 1800 and PCS 1900 band.
  • the RF transceiver has one S forming, a receiver, Phace-loked loop circuits span ⁇ voltage controlled oscillators (VCO), filter andreg ⁇ ler on.
  • VCO voltage controlled oscillators
  • the HF transceiver 8 is connected to the computing unit 11 via a third interface 15. Further, a space A ⁇ Since 17 is provided that is sold with the arithmetic unit 11 is connected ⁇ . In addition, a loudspeaker 16 is provided, which is connected to the D / A converter 9.
  • the resistor 7 is not absolutely necessary for a simple embodiment and has a resistance value of, for example, 10 k ⁇ .
  • Figure 2 describes the operation of the arrangement of Figure 1.
  • the computing unit 11 wants to receive a signal at a desired frequency via the antenna 1. For this purpose, it fetches a value from the data memory 16 which is stored for this frequency as a control voltage for the varactor diode. This value was determined as the value for the control voltage either during the device calibration or during a previous reception for this frequency. Furthermore, a gain value is obtained from the data memory, which was determined when data was last received, so that a desired output power is set at the output of the HF transceiver.
  • the computing unit 11 transfers the value for the control voltage to the digital / analog converter 9.
  • the resulting control voltage is applied to the varactor diode 2 via the control line 14, the resistor 7 and the coil 3.
  • This voltage results in a specific capacitance which changes the resonance frequency of the antenna (frequency at which the adaptation losses between the antenna and the RF transceiver are minimal) to a frequency which is dependent on the value of the control voltage.
  • the gain value from the data memory 11 through 16 are the arithmetic unit via the third interface 15 to the RF transceiver 8. With the ⁇ ser adjustment of the antenna resonance frequency is received at a third of a signal duration, a part of the received signal with the antenna.
  • the signal with an antenna resonance frequency shifted towards lower frequencies will receive the last part of the received signal.
  • the frequency spacings are preferably equidistant.
  • the frequency is switched by a changed value for the control voltage which is applied to the varactor diode 2. All received signals are transferred to the RF transceiver, which converts the signal to a lower frequency, amplifies the signal by the set gain value, filters out interference signals and transfers the useful signal to the computing unit via the analog / digital converter 10.
  • the useful signal is temporarily stored in the data memory 17 in order to be evaluated after the data has been received.
  • the computing energy 11 calculates the signal energy for the three parts of the received useful signal separately. If the first third has the highest signal energy or at least the same signal energy as one of the other two thirds, there is no change for the stored value of the control voltage. To receive the next signal at this frequency, continue with program point 30. If the second third of the useful signals has the highest signal energy, the value for the higher frequency for the control voltage is stored in the data memory at the location provided for this frequency. If the last third of the useful signals has the highest signal energy, the value for the lower frequency for the control voltage is stored in the data memory. Then at Program item 30 continued to the next signal in the frequency ⁇ ser received too.
  • the vote on the optimal reception power is mediation station pre- preferably in establishing a data connection with an over- or leads at the start of a conversation Runaway ⁇ .
  • the antenna 1 is tuned to an optimal reception frequency at predetermined time intervals during data transmission or a conversation.
  • the antenna 1 is set as a function of the resonance frequency for optimal reception to a resonance frequency for optimal transmission in such a way that the computing unit 11 transmits a control voltage to the varactor diode 2 which corresponds to a resonance frequency of the antenna 1, which has a duplex spacing from the resonance frequency of the optimal reception.
  • the duplex distance is z. B. 45 MHz for GSM 900.
  • the resonance frequency of the antenna 1 for transmission is tuned according to a method which is designed analogously to the method for tuning the antenna for reception.
  • the transmission power of antenna 1 is optimized by determining the power reflection of antenna 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention with which the transmission frequency can be tuned.
  • a line coupler 20 measures the power reflected by the antenna 1 during transmission of a signal and sends a signal dependent thereon to a detector 23 via a second line 22. Furthermore, the line coupler 20 measures the power of the signal emitted by the RF transceiver 8 and outputs a signal dependent thereon via a first line 21 to the detector 23.
  • the detector 23 is preferably designed as a double logarithmic amplifier.
  • the RF transceiver 8 is guided to an amplified signal coupling ⁇ a first output line 24, which depends on the transmitted power of the RF transceiver. 8
  • the RF transceiver uses the coupling signal to regulate the power to be transmitted to a setpoint.
  • Via a second output line 25, the detector 23 supplies a signal, which is dependent on the reflected power of the antenna 1, to the arithmetic unit 11 via the A / D converter 10.
  • the emitted transmission power is optimized in that the power reflected by the antenna 1 is detected and measured with a line coupler 20 and the antenna 1 is detuned by the computing unit 11 via the specification of a control voltage analogously to the tuning process for the resonance frequency during reception, until there is minimal reflective power.
  • the algorithm for determining the optimal resonance frequency for transmission proceeds in the same way as for determining the optimal resonance frequency for reception, with the exception that a frequency setting of the antenna is retained for the entire signal duration of a transmission block, so that an iteration step therefore requires three transmission blocks in order to Leave the antenna resonance frequency the same, increase or decrease it.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for sending and receiving signals by means of an antenna. According to the invention, a narrow bandwidth antenna is tuned on an optimal resonance frequency through a tuning resonant circuit. Said tuning resonant circuit comprises a varactor diode having a capacity which varies according to the applied voltage.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR FREQUENZABSTIMMUNG EINER ANTENNEDEVICE AND METHOD FOR TUNING THE FREQUENCY OF AN ANTENNA
FÜR SENDE- UND EMPFANGSSIGNALEFOR TRANSMITTER AND RECEPTION SIGNALS
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von Signalen mit einer Antenne, gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Patentansprüche 1 und 6.The invention relates to a device and a method for transmitting and receiving signals with an antenna, according to the preamble of claims 1 and 6.
Antennen werden beispielsweise bei Mobilfunktelefonen einge¬ setzt, um Daten über eine Übermittlungsstation mit einem an¬ deren Telefon auszutauschen. In der Mobilfunktechnik besteht ein Trend zur Miniaturisierung und zur Integration von Antennen. Eine Möglichkeit dazu ist die Verwendung von dielektri- sehen Materialien mit einer großen Dielektrizitätskonstanten. Die kleineren Antennen weisen jedoch den physikalischen Nachteil auf, dass sie nur in einem schmalen Frequenzband eine relativ gute Sende- und Empfangscharakteristik aufweisen. Weiterhin werden integrierte Antennen relativ leicht von Au- ßen beeinflusst, wobei sich die Resonanzfrequenz meist zu niedrigeren Frequenzen verschiebt. Die Verschiebung der Resonanzfrequenz zu niedrigen Frequenzen hin, führt bei einer verschlechterten Antennenanpassung zu einem Verlust der abgestrahlten und der empfangenen Sende- bzw. Empfangsleistung.Antennas are set for example in mobile phones is ¬ in order to exchange data over a transmission station having a ¬ at their phone. In mobile radio technology, there is a trend towards miniaturization and the integration of antennas. One possibility for this is the use of dielectric materials with a large dielectric constant. However, the smaller antennas have the physical disadvantage that they only have a relatively good transmission and reception characteristic in a narrow frequency band. Furthermore, integrated antennas are relatively easily influenced by outside, whereby the resonance frequency usually shifts to lower frequencies. The shift of the resonance frequency towards low frequencies leads to a loss of the emitted and the received transmission or reception power in the case of a deteriorated antenna adaptation.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, ein verbessertes Verfahren und eine verbesserte Vorrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen von Signalen mit einer Antenne bereitzustellen.The object of the invention is to provide an improved method and an improved device for transmitting and receiving signals with an antenna.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 gelöst. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 und 6 besteht darin, dass die Antenne in der Resonanzfrequenz einstellbar ist. Auf diese Weise kann auch eine schmalbandige Antenne auf eine optimale Resonanzfrequenz abgestimmt werden. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungs- for der Erfindung besteht darin, als Schalteinheit eine Re¬ cheneinheit vorzusehen, mit der die Resonanzfrequenz variier- bar ist.The object of the invention is achieved by the features of claim 1 and by the features of claim 6. A major advantage of the invention according to claims 1 and 6 is that the antenna can be adjusted in the resonance frequency. In this way, a narrowband antenna can also be tuned to an optimal resonance frequency. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. A preferred execution for the present invention is to provide a switching unit, a Re ¬ unit area with which the resonance frequency is variier- bar.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwendet einen Abstimmschwingkreis zur Einstellung der Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne, wobei der Abstimmschwingkreis eine veränderbare Kapazität aufweist. Über die veränderbare Kapazität kann auf einfache und präzise Weise die Eigenfrequenz des Abstimmschwingkreises variiert werden und die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne eingestellt werden.A preferred embodiment of the invention uses a tuning circuit to adjust the resonance frequency of the antenna, the tuning circuit having a variable capacitance. Using the variable capacitance, the natural frequency of the tuning circuit can be varied in a simple and precise manner and the resonance frequency of the antenna can be set.
Vorzugsweise wird als veränderbare Kapazität eine Varaktordiode verwendet .A varactor diode is preferably used as the variable capacitance.
In einer einfachen Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne nur in Bezug auf den Empfang opti- mal eingestellt und die Resonanzfrequenz zum Senden in Abhängigkeit von der für den Empfang eingestellten Resonanzfrequenz gewählt, wobei der Frequenzabstand zwischen den Resonanzfrequenzen einem vorgegebenen Duplexabstand entspricht. Auf diese Weise wird die Abstimmung der Antenne in Bezug auf das Senden nur über die für einen optimierten Empfang abgestimmte Frequenz erreicht.In a simple embodiment of the invention, the resonance frequency of the antenna is optimally set only with respect to reception, and the resonance frequency for transmission is selected as a function of the resonance frequency set for reception, the frequency spacing between the resonance frequencies corresponding to a predetermined duplex spacing. In this way, the tuning of the antenna with respect to transmission is achieved only via the frequency tuned for optimized reception.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Figuren näher erläutert; es zeigen Figur 1 eine Antenne mit Abstimmschwingkreis und Schalteinheit,The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures; FIG. 1 shows an antenna with a tuning circuit and switching unit,
Figur 2 ein Verfahren zum Abstimmen der Antenne und Figur 3 eine Antenne mit einer Messeinrichtung für die abgestrahlte und reflektierte Leistung.2 shows a method for tuning the antenna and FIG. 3 shows an antenna with a measuring device for the radiated and reflected power.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Antenne 1, die vorzugsweise auf ein vorgegebenes Frequenzband abgestimmt ist. Die Antenne ist bei- spielsweise in miniaturisierter Form ausgebildet und auf ei¬ nem Halbleiterbaustein integriert und weist deshalb ein rela¬ tiv schmales Frequenzband auf, in dem die Antenne 1 Signale senden und/oder empfangen kann.Figure 1 shows an antenna 1, which is preferably tuned to a predetermined frequency band. The antenna is play formed in miniaturized form and integrated on ei ¬ nem semiconductor device, and therefore has a rela tively ¬ narrow frequency band, in which the antenna send signals 1 and / or receive.
Die Antenne 1 steht mit einem Abstimmschwingkreis in Verbin¬ dung, der eine Kapazität in Form einer Varaktordiode 2 und eine Spule 3 aufweist. Die Antenne 1 ist an eine Verbindungsleitung zwischen der Varaktordiode 2 und der Spule 3 vorzugs- weise mit dem Antennenfußpunkt angeschlossen. Die Varaktordiode 2 ist an Masse 5 angeschlossen. Die Spule 3 steht zudem mit einem Kondensator 4 in Verbindung, der an Masse 5 angeschlossen ist. Der Kondensator 4 ist in der Weise dimensioniert, dass im Resonanzfrequenzbereich der Antenne 1 ein Kurzschluss über den Kondensator 4 vorliegt. Zwischen derThe antenna 1 is connected to a tuning resonant circuit which has a capacitance in the form of a varactor diode 2 and a coil 3. The antenna 1 is connected to a connecting line between the varactor diode 2 and the coil 3, preferably with the antenna base. The varactor diode 2 is connected to ground 5. The coil 3 is also connected to a capacitor 4 which is connected to ground 5. The capacitor 4 is dimensioned such that there is a short circuit across the capacitor 4 in the resonant frequency range of the antenna 1. Between the
Spule 3 und dem Kondensator 4 ist eine Leitung 14 angeschlossen, die über einen Widerstand 7 zu einen Digital/Analog- Wandler 9 führt. Der Abstimmschwingkreis kann auch an einem anderen Anschlusspunkt der Antenne angeschlossen sein. In ei- ner einfachen Ausführung ist anstelle des Abstimmschwingkreises nur ein Abstimmelement in Form eines Kondensators angeordnet.Coil 3 and the capacitor 4, a line 14 is connected, which leads via a resistor 7 to a digital / analog converter 9. The tuning circuit can also be connected to another connection point of the antenna. In a simple embodiment, only one tuning element in the form of a capacitor is arranged instead of the tuning resonant circuit.
Weiterhin ist ein Hochfrequenztransceiver 8 vorgesehen, der an den Antennenfußpunkt zwischen der Varaktordiode 2 und der Spule 3 angeschlossen ist. Der HF-Transceiver 8 steht über eine zweite Schnittstelle 13 mit dem Digital/Analog-Wandler 9 und mit einem Analog/Digital-Wandler 10 in Verbindung. Der Digital/Analog-Wandler 9 und der Analog/Digital-Wandler 10 stehen über eine erste Schnittstelle 12 mit einer Recheneinheit 11 in Verbindung. Eine Schnittstelle umfasst Daten- und Steuerleitungen. Vorzugsweise sind mehrere A/D-Wandler 10 und D/A-Wandler 9 vorgesehen.Furthermore, a high-frequency transceiver 8 is provided, which is connected to the antenna base between the varactor diode 2 and the coil 3. The HF transceiver 8 is connected to the digital / analog converter 9 and to an analog / digital converter 10 via a second interface 13. The digital / analog converter 9 and the analog / digital converter 10 are connected to a computing unit 11 via a first interface 12. An interface includes data and control lines. A plurality of A / D converters 10 and D / A converters 9 are preferably provided.
Der Hochfrequenztransceiver 8 ist vorzugsweise als voll integrierter Multi-Band-Transceiver für das GSM 900-, DCS 1800- und PCS 1900-Band ausgebildet. Der HF-Transceiver weist einen Sender, einen Empfänger, Phace-Loked-Loop-Schaltungen, span¬ nungsgesteuerte Oszillatoren (VCO) , Filter und Spannungsreg¬ ler auf.The high-frequency transceiver 8 is preferably designed as a fully integrated multi-band transceiver for the GSM 900, DCS 1800 and PCS 1900 band. The RF transceiver has one S forming, a receiver, Phace-loked loop circuits span ¬ voltage controlled oscillators (VCO), filter and Spannungsreg ¬ ler on.
Der HF-Transceiver 8 steht über eine dritte Schnittstelle 15 mit der Recheneinheit 11 in Verbindung. Weiterhin ist ein Da¬ tenspeicher 17 vorgesehen, der mit der Recheneinheit 11 ver¬ bunden ist. Zudem ist ein Lautsprecher 16 vorgesehen, der an den D/A-Wandler 9 angeschlossen ist.The HF transceiver 8 is connected to the computing unit 11 via a third interface 15. Further, a space A ¬ Since 17 is provided that is sold with the arithmetic unit 11 is connected ¬. In addition, a loudspeaker 16 is provided, which is connected to the D / A converter 9.
Der Widerstand 7 ist für eine einfache Ausführungsform nicht unbedingt notwendig und weist einen Widerstandswert von beispielsweise lOkΩ auf.The resistor 7 is not absolutely necessary for a simple embodiment and has a resistance value of, for example, 10 kΩ.
Figur 2 beschreibt die Funktionsweise der Anordnung der Figur 1.Figure 2 describes the operation of the arrangement of Figure 1.
Bei Programmpunkt 30 will die Recheneinheit 11 über die Antenne 1 ein Signal bei einer gewünschten Frequenz empfangen. Dazu holt sie aus dem Datenspeicher 16 einen Wert, der für diese Frequenz als Steuerspannung für die Varaktordiode abgelegt ist. Dieser Wert wurde entweder beim Geräteabgleich oder bei einem vorhergehenden Empfang für diese Frequenz als Wert für die Steuerspannung ermittelt. Weiterhin wird aus dem Da- tenspeicher ein Verstärkungswert geholt, der beim letzten Datenempfang ermittelt wurde, so dass sich am Ausgang des HF- Transceivers eine gewünschte Ausgangsleistung einstellt.At program point 30, the computing unit 11 wants to receive a signal at a desired frequency via the antenna 1. For this purpose, it fetches a value from the data memory 16 which is stored for this frequency as a control voltage for the varactor diode. This value was determined as the value for the control voltage either during the device calibration or during a previous reception for this frequency. Furthermore, a gain value is obtained from the data memory, which was determined when data was last received, so that a desired output power is set at the output of the HF transceiver.
Beim folgenden Programmpunkt 35 übergibt die Recheneinheit 11 den Wert für die Steuerspannung an den Digital/Analog-Wandler 9. Die sich daraus ergebende Steuerspannung wird über die Steuerleitung 14, den Widerstand 7 und die Spule 3 an die Varaktordiode 2 anlegt. Mit dieser Spannung ergibt sich eine bestimmte Kapazität, welche die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne (Frequenz bei der die Anpassungsverluste zwischen Antenne und HF-Transceiver minimal sind) auf eine vom Wert der Steuerspannung abhängige Frequenz verändert. Den Verstärkungswert aus dem Datenspeicher 16 übergibt die Recheneinheit 11 über die dritte Schnittstelle 15 an den HF-Transceiver 8. Mit die¬ ser Einstellung der Antennenresonanzfrequenz wird zu einem Drittel einer Signaldauer ein Teil des Empfangssignals mit der Antenne 1 empfangen. Während dem zweiten Drittel der Sig¬ naldauer wird das Signal mit einer zu höheren Frequenzen hin verschobenen Antennenresonanzfrequenz ein weiterer Teil des Empfangssignals mit der Antenne 1 empfangen. Während dem letzten Drittel der Signaldauer wird das Signal mit einer zu niedrigeren Frequenzen hin verschobenen Antennenresonanzfrequenz das letzte Teil des Empfangssignals empfangen. Die Frequenzabstände sind dabei vorzugsweise äquidistant. Die Umschaltung der Frequenz erfolgt durch einen veränderten Wert für die Steuerspannung, die an die Varaktordiode 2 angelegt wird. Alle Empfangssignale werden dem HF-Transceiver übergeben, der das Signal in eine niedrigere Frequenz umsetzt, das Signal um den eingestellten Verstärkungswert verstärkt, Störsignale wegfiltert und das Nutzsignal über den Analog/Digitalwandler 10 der Recheneinheit übergibt. Das Nutz- signal wird im Datenspeicher 17 zwischengespeichert, um nach dem Datenempfang ausgewertet zu werden.In the following program point 35, the computing unit 11 transfers the value for the control voltage to the digital / analog converter 9. The resulting control voltage is applied to the varactor diode 2 via the control line 14, the resistor 7 and the coil 3. This voltage results in a specific capacitance which changes the resonance frequency of the antenna (frequency at which the adaptation losses between the antenna and the RF transceiver are minimal) to a frequency which is dependent on the value of the control voltage. The gain value from the data memory 11 through 16 are the arithmetic unit via the third interface 15 to the RF transceiver 8. With the ¬ ser adjustment of the antenna resonance frequency is received at a third of a signal duration, a part of the received signal with the antenna. 1 During the second third of the Sig ¬ will receive the signal with a shifted towards higher frequencies the antenna resonance frequency of a further part of the received signal with the antenna 1 naldauer. During the last third of the signal duration, the signal with an antenna resonance frequency shifted towards lower frequencies will receive the last part of the received signal. The frequency spacings are preferably equidistant. The frequency is switched by a changed value for the control voltage which is applied to the varactor diode 2. All received signals are transferred to the RF transceiver, which converts the signal to a lower frequency, amplifies the signal by the set gain value, filters out interference signals and transfers the useful signal to the computing unit via the analog / digital converter 10. The useful signal is temporarily stored in the data memory 17 in order to be evaluated after the data has been received.
Im Programmpunkt 40 wird von der Recheneinheit 11 die Signalenergie für die drei Teile des empfangenen Nutzsignals ge- trennt berechnet. Besitzt das erste Drittel die höchste Signalenergie oder zumindest die gleiche Signalenergie wie eines der beiden anderen Drittel, erfolgt keine Änderung für den abgespeicherten Wert der Steuerspannung. Um das nächste Signal bei dieser Frequenz zu empfangen wird bei Programmpunkt 30 fortgefahren. Besitzt das zweite Drittel der Nutzsignale die höchste Signalenergie wird der Wert für die höhere Frequenz für die Steuerspannung im Datenspeicher an der Stelle, die für diese Frequenz vorgesehen ist, abgespeichert. Besitzt das letzte Drittel der Nutzsignale die höchste Signalenergie wird der Wert für die niedrigere Frequenz für die Steuerspannung im Datenspeicher abgespeichert. Anschließend wird bei Programmpunkt 30 fortgefahren um das nächste Signal bei die¬ ser Frequenz zu empfangen.At program point 40, the computing energy 11 calculates the signal energy for the three parts of the received useful signal separately. If the first third has the highest signal energy or at least the same signal energy as one of the other two thirds, there is no change for the stored value of the control voltage. To receive the next signal at this frequency, continue with program point 30. If the second third of the useful signals has the highest signal energy, the value for the higher frequency for the control voltage is stored in the data memory at the location provided for this frequency. If the last third of the useful signals has the highest signal energy, the value for the lower frequency for the control voltage is stored in the data memory. Then at Program item 30 continued to the next signal in the frequency ¬ ser received too.
Die Abstimmung auf die optimale Empfangsleistung wird vor- zugsweise beim Aufbau einer Datenverbindung mit einer Über- mittlungsstation oder bei Beginn eines Gespräches durchge¬ führt .The vote on the optimal reception power is mediation station pre- preferably in establishing a data connection with an over- or leads at the start of a conversation Runaway ¬.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Antenne 1 in vorgegebenen Zeitabständen während einer Datenübertragung o- der eines Gespräches auf eine optimale Empfangsfrequenz abgestimmt.In a development of the invention, the antenna 1 is tuned to an optimal reception frequency at predetermined time intervals during data transmission or a conversation.
Die Antenne 1 wird in einer einfachen Ausführungsform abhän- gig von der Resonanzfrequenz für einen optimalen Empfang auf eine Resonanzfrequenz für ein optimales Senden in der Weise eingestellt, dass die Recheneinheit 11 eine Steuerspannung auf die Varaktordiode 2 überträgt, die einer Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne 1 entspricht, die einen Duplexabstand von der Re- sonanzfrequenz des optimalen Empfangs aufweist. Der Duplexabstand beträgt z. B. 45 MHZ bei GSM 900.In a simple embodiment, the antenna 1 is set as a function of the resonance frequency for optimal reception to a resonance frequency for optimal transmission in such a way that the computing unit 11 transmits a control voltage to the varactor diode 2 which corresponds to a resonance frequency of the antenna 1, which has a duplex spacing from the resonance frequency of the optimal reception. The duplex distance is z. B. 45 MHz for GSM 900.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne 1 zum Senden nach einem Verfahren abge- stimmt, das analog zu dem Verfahren zur Abstimmung der Antenne zum Empfangen ausgebildet ist. Dazu wird die Sendeleistung der Antenne 1 über die Bestimmung der Leistungsreflexion der Antenne 1 optimiert.In a development of the invention, the resonance frequency of the antenna 1 for transmission is tuned according to a method which is designed analogously to the method for tuning the antenna for reception. For this purpose, the transmission power of antenna 1 is optimized by determining the power reflection of antenna 1.
Figur 3 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, mit der eine Abstimmung der Sendefrequenz möglich ist.FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the invention with which the transmission frequency can be tuned.
Ein Leitungskoppler 20 misst die von der Antenne 1 während einer Aussendung eines Signals reflektierte Leistung und gibt ein davon abhängiges Signal über eine zweite Leitung 22 an einen Detektor 23. Weiterhin misst der Leitungskoppler 20 die Leistung des vom HF-Transceiver 8 abgegebenen Signals und gibt ein davon abhängiges Signal über eine erste Leitung 21 an den Detektor 23.A line coupler 20 measures the power reflected by the antenna 1 during transmission of a signal and sends a signal dependent thereon to a detector 23 via a second line 22. Furthermore, the line coupler 20 measures the power of the signal emitted by the RF transceiver 8 and outputs a signal dependent thereon via a first line 21 to the detector 23.
Der Detektor 23 ist vorzugsweise als zweifacher logarithmi- scher Verstärker ausgebildet. Über eine erste Ausgangsleitung 24 wird dem HF-Transceiver 8 ein verstärktes Koppelsignal zu¬ geführt, das von der ausgesendeten Leistung des HF- Transceivers 8 abhängt. Das Koppelsignal verwendet der HF- Transceiver, um die auszusendende Leistung auf einen Sollwert zu regeln. Über eine zweite Ausgangsleitung 25 führt der Detektor 23 ein von der reflektierten Leistung der Antenne 1 abhängiges Signal über den A/D-Wandler 10 der Recheneinheit 11 zu.The detector 23 is preferably designed as a double logarithmic amplifier. The RF transceiver 8 is guided to an amplified signal coupling ¬ a first output line 24, which depends on the transmitted power of the RF transceiver. 8 The RF transceiver uses the coupling signal to regulate the power to be transmitted to a setpoint. Via a second output line 25, the detector 23 supplies a signal, which is dependent on the reflected power of the antenna 1, to the arithmetic unit 11 via the A / D converter 10.
Die abgestrahlte Sendeleistung wird dadurch optimiert, dass die von der Antenne 1 reflektierte Leistung mit einem Leitungskoppler 20 erfasst und gemessen wird und die Antenne 1, von der Recheneinheit 11 über die Vorgabe einer Steuerspannung analog zu dem Abstimmvorgang für die Resonanzfrequenz beim Empfang solange verstimmt wird, bis sich eine minimale reflektierende Leistung einstellt.The emitted transmission power is optimized in that the power reflected by the antenna 1 is detected and measured with a line coupler 20 and the antenna 1 is detuned by the computing unit 11 via the specification of a control voltage analogously to the tuning process for the resonance frequency during reception, until there is minimal reflective power.
Der Algorithmus zur Bestimmung der optimalen Resonanzfrequenz zum Senden verläuft analog zur Bestimmung der optimalen Reso- nanzfrequenz zum Empfangen, mit der Ausnahme, dass eine Frequenzeinstellung der Antenne für die gesamte Signaldauer eines Sendeblocks beibehalten wird, so dass ein Iterationsschritt damit drei Sendeblöcke benötigt, um die Antennenresonanzfrequenz gleich zu belassen, zu erhöhen oder zu erniedri- gen. The algorithm for determining the optimal resonance frequency for transmission proceeds in the same way as for determining the optimal resonance frequency for reception, with the exception that a frequency setting of the antenna is retained for the entire signal duration of a transmission block, so that an iteration step therefore requires three transmission blocks in order to Leave the antenna resonance frequency the same, increase or decrease it.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Senden und Empfangen von Signalen mit einer Antenne, mit einer Sende- und Empfangseinheit, die an die Antenne angeschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein AbStimmelement (2) vorgesehen ist, das an die Antenne (1) angeschlossen ist, wobei das AbStimmelement (2) die Resonanzfrequenz der An¬ tenne (1) beeinflusst, und dass eine Schalteinheit (11) vorgesehen ist, mit der die elektrische Eigenschaft des Abstimmelementes (2) veränderbar ist.1. Device for transmitting and receiving signals with an antenna, with a transmitting and receiving unit which is connected to the antenna, characterized in that at least one tuning element (2) is provided which is connected to the antenna (1), wherein the tuning element (2) antenna, the resonant frequency of the at ¬ (1) influenced, and that a switching unit (11) is provided, with which the electrical characteristic of the tuning element (2) is variable.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schalteinheit in Form einer Recheneinheit (11) und in form eines A/D-Wandlers (9) ausgebildet ist, wobei der Ausgang des A/D-Wandlers (9) mit dem Abstimmelement (2) in Verbindung steht.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching unit is designed in the form of a computing unit (11) and in the form of an A / D converter (9), the output of the A / D converter (9) with the tuning element (2) communicates.
3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abstimmelernent (3) eine veränderbare Kapazität (2) aufweist.3. Device according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the tuner (3) has a variable capacity (2).
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die veränderbare Kapazität als Varaktordiode (2) ausgebildet ist.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the variable capacitance is designed as a varactor diode (2).
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abstimmschwingkreis (3, 2) vorgesehen ist, dass der Abstimmschwingkreis eine Serienschaltung aufweist, die eine Varaktordiode (2), eine Spule (3) und einen Sperrkon- densator (4) u fasst, dass die Antenne (1) zwischen der Varaktordiode (2) und der Spule (3) an den Abstimmschwing¬ kreis angeschlossen ist, dass die Sende- und Empfangseinheit (8) zwischen der Va¬ raktordiode (2) und der Spule (3) an den Abstimmschwing¬ kreis (2, 3) angeschlossen ist, dass zwischen der Spule (3) und dem Sperrkondensator (4) ein Analog-Digitalwandler (9) und eine Recheneinheit (11) angeschlossen sind.5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a tuning circuit (3, 2) is provided, that the tuning circuit has a series circuit which has a varactor diode (2), a coil (3) and a blocking con capacitor summarizes u (4), that the antenna (1) is connected between the varactor diode (2) and the coil (3) to the Abstimmschwing ¬ circle, that the transmitting and receiving unit (8) between the Va ¬ raktordiode (2) and the coil (3) is connected to the tuning circuit (2, 3) in that an analog-digital converter (9) and a computing unit (11) are connected between the coil (3) and the blocking capacitor (4).
6. Verfahren zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von Signalen mit einer Antenne, wobei die Empfangsleistung und/oder die reflektierte Sendeleistung der Antenne gemessen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne (1) in einem vorgegebenen Frequenzbereich so lange verändert wird, bis innerhalb des vorgegebenen Frequenzbereiches eine maximale Empfangsleistung und/oder eine minimale reflektierte Sendeleistung ermittelt wird.6. A method for transmitting and / or receiving signals with an antenna, the reception power and / or the reflected transmission power of the antenna being measured, characterized in that the resonance frequency of the antenna (1) is changed in a predetermined frequency range until a maximum reception power and / or a minimum reflected transmission power is determined within the predetermined frequency range.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zum Senden von Signalen die Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne (1) in eine Sendefrequenz umgeschaltet wird, die einen vorgegebenen Frequenzabstand von der Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne (1) bei maximaler Empfangsleistung aufweist.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the resonance frequency of the antenna (1) is switched to a transmission frequency for transmitting signals, which has a predetermined frequency distance from the resonance frequency of the antenna (1) at maximum reception power.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstimmung der Resonanzfrequenz der Antenne (1) zu vorgegebenen Zeitpunkten durchgeführt wird. 8. The method according to any one of claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the tuning of the resonance frequency of the antenna (1) is carried out at predetermined times.
PCT/DE2001/001880 2000-05-18 2001-05-17 Device and method for frequency tuning of an antenna for sending and receiving signals WO2001089036A1 (en)

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