WO2001076116A1 - Methode de transmission de l'information pour systeme de communication mobile - Google Patents
Methode de transmission de l'information pour systeme de communication mobile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001076116A1 WO2001076116A1 PCT/JP2001/002663 JP0102663W WO0176116A1 WO 2001076116 A1 WO2001076116 A1 WO 2001076116A1 JP 0102663 W JP0102663 W JP 0102663W WO 0176116 A1 WO0176116 A1 WO 0176116A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- midamble
- spreading codes
- word
- communication system
- base station
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/707—Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
- H04B1/7097—Interference-related aspects
- H04B1/7103—Interference-related aspects the interference being multiple access interference
- H04B1/7105—Joint detection techniques, e.g. linear detectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2618—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using hybrid code-time division multiple access [CDMA-TDMA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2628—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2643—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using time-division multiple access [TDMA]
- H04B7/2656—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using time-division multiple access [TDMA] for structure of frame, burst
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/16—Code allocation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J13/00—Code division multiplex systems
- H04J13/16—Code allocation
- H04J13/18—Allocation of orthogonal codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0002—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate
- H04L1/0003—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission rate by switching between different modulation schemes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
- H04L1/0025—Transmission of mode-switching indication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
- H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
- H04L1/0028—Formatting
- H04L1/003—Adaptive formatting arrangements particular to signalling, e.g. variable amount of bits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
- H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
- H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
- H04B2201/70701—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation featuring pilot assisted reception
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
- H04B2201/69—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
- H04B2201/707—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
- H04B2201/70703—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation using multiple or variable rates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of transmitting a word (information indicating the number of spreading codes) indicating a transmission parameter assigned to a mobile station in communication with a base station of a mobile communication system.
- the present invention relates to a mobile communication system including a plurality of base stations capable of communicating with a mobile station.
- FIG. 1 shows a base station BTS that communicates with three mobile stations MS1, MS2 and MS3. Communication from the mobile station MSi to the base station BTS is performed via the uplink UL, and communication from the base station BTS to the mobile station MSi is performed via the downlink DL.
- the invention also relates to a communication system in which different user signals are separated in both the time domain (time domain) and the code domain (code domain).
- a communication system in which different user signals are separated in both the time domain (time domain) and the code domain (code domain).
- An example of such a system is the so-called UMT S TDD system (general mobile) in which the time domain is represented by elements of a TDD (Time Division Multiplexing) system and the code domain is represented by elements of a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system. Communication time division multiplex system) or W-CDMA TDD system (W-code division multiple access time division multiplex system).
- N eg. 1
- the same frequency is used for both (the link from the mobile station to the base station) and the downlink (the link from the base station to the mobile station). Furthermore, a subset of N available time slots per frame is exclusively allocated for downlink transmission.
- Time separation is performed to distinguish between downlink and uplink so that the remaining time slots are allocated for uplink transmission.
- one file In a frame at least one time slot is always assigned to each downlink and uplink.
- the signals of different users can be transmitted in separate time slots.
- N different downlink time slots are assigned to N different downlink user signals. This is the time domain of the system.
- several user signals can be transmitted in a single time slot using different spreading codes. This is the code domain (region) mode of the system.
- all base stations in a given area operate synchronously and generally share the same uplink / downlink time slot configuration (configuration).
- the user's data consists of a first data field D 1, a general-purpose midamble field M and a second data field D, as shown in FIG. It is transmitted in the time slot arranged in burst B including 2.
- the midamble is a complex-valued chip sequence that is received by the receiving station (the base station for uplinks and the mobile station for downlinks) for channel estimation needed to search for user signals. Used.
- each mobile station MSi sends a different midamble m (i) because the base station BTS needs to evaluate each individual channel for each mobile station transmitting in a specific time slot. .
- the midamble is not explicitly assigned to the mobile station, a default fixed assignment rule between the assigned spreading code and the specific midamble is used.
- the base station BTS it is sufficient to know only one downlink channel from the base station BTS to the user itself, and the downtime of other users transmitting in the same time slot is sufficient. Link channels can be ignored. However, in certain situations, for example, where more than one channel estimate is required, more than one midamble can be used by the base station BTS. In such a case, the midamble M is determined by the sum of all two or more midambles. A guard period G can be provided to ensure proper time separation of successive time slots. For this purpose, it is also possible to provide a signal bit S.
- the data of the mobile station MS i is transmitted by the complex spreading code ai ( It is simply referred to as a spreading code, and may be plural).
- each data di addressed to the mobile station MS i is extended to a chip plate (as indicated by 11 to 1k in FIG. 2) by a corresponding spreading code ai, and all of these extended operations are performed.
- the results are summed (as indicated by 20), thereby forming the data D 1 and D 2 contained within the burst.
- the base station may have knowledge of these parameters. This is because the wireless access network to which the base station belongs controls the use of these parameters.
- the situation is quite different if the algorithm in question is executed on the mobile side in the downlink.
- the mobile station does not know how many spreading codes are assigned to signals of other users simultaneously existing in the same time slot. This fact has profound effects when algorithms such as blind code detection and multi-user detection are performed on the mobile side. Disclosure of the invention
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the number of codes) on the mobile station side.
- the above object of the present invention is to form a code indicating the number of assigned spreading codes, that is, a transmission word,
- each transmission burst includes a general-purpose midamble obtained from the sum of the midambles selected from all available midambles, wherein the selection is The midamble selected by the base station in connection with the transmitted word corresponds to a binary element equal to the first value of the transmitted word, and the unselected midamble corresponds to the second value of the transmitted word. Is done to correspond to a binary element equal to
- Each mobile station converts the signals received by that mobile station into all of the above midambles.
- the received words are those elements that have a one-to-one relationship with the corresponding evaluation time positions in the available midambles, in which case
- the received word element is equal to the first value if the corresponding location includes an estimate of the channel between the base station and the mobile station, and the corresponding location includes an assessment of the channel. If not, the mobile station is assigned to the mobile station that communicates with the base station of the mobile communication system with the received word equal to the transmitted word.
- the present invention is achieved by an information transmission method for a mobile communication system including a step of transmitting information indicating the number of spread codes in the mobile communication system.
- the formation of the transmitted word is performed in such a way that the number of spreading codes assigned corresponds to each state formed by a plurality or all bits.
- the data of each mobile station communicating with the base station is transmitted via a plurality of channels, and the formation of the transmitted word is performed for each channel. Is performed so that a plurality of assigned spreading codes correspond to each state formed by the same plurality of bits.
- each of the states is equal to a binary value of the number of the assigned spreading code.
- the relationship between the states and the number of spreading codes is such that the number of effective bits in said state is greater than the number of bits required to represent the number of allocatable spreading codes.
- the number of the spreading code corresponds to each position of the bit in the state. The position corresponds to the number of spreading codes in the group, and the other significant bits are associated with the group.
- the number of spreading codes is grouped such that the number of codes corresponds to one group, and the formation of the transmitted words is grouped into one group, One state of a certain number of bits or all bits is made to correspond.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an uplink and a downlink in a communication system for a mobile station to which the present invention is applied
- Figure 2 illustrates the formation of a burst in a base station of a communication system
- Figure 3 illustrates the formation of the midamble of a communication system
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the result of the correlation process performed at the mobile station of the communication system.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the formation of a burst at the base station of the communication system provided to carry out the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of forming a code W as a result of a correlation process performed on the mobile station side of a communication system provided for performing the method according to the present invention
- FIGS. The formation of a pad W by various aspects of the method described above is illustrated.
- the invention proposes to use the midamble to form a word W that describes the number of spreading codes assigned to mobile stations communicating with the base station by transmitting data in the same burst. Is what you do.
- Midamble is user specific for transmitting within the same time slot
- This midamble is derived from the same basic code BMC, a code called the "basic midamble code”.
- each mobile station MS i is different from the others in that it needs to evaluate the channel separately for each mobile station that the base station BTS is transmitting in a particular time slot, m Send (i) .
- the base station BTS When the base station BTS receives bursts transmitted by a plurality of mobile stations MS 1 to MS k each including a midamble m (i) , it is correlated with a specific sequence based on the basic midamble code BMC, A channel evaluation output is generated for each user transmitting a burst in a window with a different time within the same time slot. This is illustrated in FIG. 4 for the case of two mobile stations MS 1 and MS 2 transmitting two mitts m (2) and m (8) . These two channel evaluation outputs are indicated by reference signs E 1 and E 2.
- the base station BTS in the downlink, generally only one mit mamble m (i) is used in the base station BTS for all user signals within a specific time slot.
- all users need only evaluate the only downlink channel from themselves, for example, from the base station BTS to the downlink of other users transmitting in the same time slot. This is because the channel can be ignored.
- the base station BTS can use more than one midamble.
- Figure 5 shows k mobile stations m (1) ⁇ ! A method of forming a burst B according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention in base station BTS communicating with n (k) will be described.
- the processing of the spreading code is the same as described at the beginning of this specification.
- the extension process is performed (at 1i) using the data di for each mobile station i. All the expanded data in this way are summed in (20), thereby forming fields D 1 and D 2 overnight.
- a midamble m (i) is formed by the method described above with reference to FIG.
- a selection unit 30 is provided to select several mittens in connection with word W.
- the control unit 40 forms a guide W in the same time slot so as to describe the number of spreading codes assigned to the mobile stations MS1 to MSk communicating with the base station BTS. The formation of the word W will be described later.
- All selected midambles are summed at summation unit 50, thereby forming a universal midamble M for burst B.
- each mid ampoule m (i ) selected by the control unit 40 of the base station BTS represents an evaluation output whose position is determined according to the shift amount of the midamble m (i) .
- the controller 40 selects the mitts m (2) , m ( 4 ) and m (8) , and these three evaluation outputs E1, E2 and E3 are Appears in the second position (digit), the fourth position (digit) and the eighth position (digit). Note that the evaluation outputs E1, E2, and E3 that appear as a result of the correlation process are identical because they are for a single downlink DL.
- the word Wr is always formed as follows. At a given position where the evaluation output appears, check for a binary value equal to a first value, for example, "1”, and if not equal to a second value, for example, "0", etc. The squid is checked. Therefore, the word Wr is a chain of binary information corresponding to all positions (digits). In the example of FIG. 6, the word Wr can be written as “01010001”.
- word Wr like word W, has the same time slot allocated to mobile stations MS1-MSk communicating with base station BTS. It describes the number of spreading codes in the packet.
- each user can obtain information on the number of spreading codes assigned to all users in the current time slot and use this information as input to the blind code detection algorithm.
- the performance and efficiency of the detection algorithm can be improved.
- n (n ⁇ N) bits (effective bits) of the transmitted word Forms a state consisting of a bit string having a first value (eg, “1”) and a bit sequence having a second value (eg, “0”). Each state of these valid bits corresponds to an assigned number of spreading codes.
- the binary value of each state formed by these valid bits can be equal to the number of spreading codes assigned. Therefore, it should be noted that the maximum number of spreading codes can be equal to 2 ⁇ - 1 .
- the word W is formed for each channel by the same number of bits n for each channel (where n ⁇ N
- the number of all spreading codes that can be assigned forms a corresponding state.
- the binary value of each state is equal to the number of the corresponding spreading code Advantageously.
- the maximum number of spreading codes for each channel can be equal to 2 n — 1 .
- the product kx 11 — 1 must be less than 2 N.
- the number of channels used is 2
- Word W can represent only 2 N states.
- the maximum number of spreading codes that can be assigned is 16 and when using no-code (no-code), including one additional state (16 + Since 1) states are required, the codes 15 and 16 are grouped together. Such grouping does not result in significant performance degradation.
- the number of available midambles N constitutes a word W that can represent a maximum number of states (or values) less than the number of spread codes that can be allocated
- the group formed by the number of assigned spreading codes 11, 12 and 13 corresponds to state 6. This means that if one spreading code is assigned, the word W will be “1 110”. Also, the same word "1 1 0" would be used even if 12 or 13 spreading codes are assigned.
- the relationship between a state and the number of spreading codes is such that the number of significant bits in that state is greater than the number of bits required to represent the number of spreading codes, and therefore the least significant bits are used. Can be set to be used.
- the advantage gained therefrom is that the smaller the Mitsemble shift, the greater the power and the easier it is to detect the shift.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the above relationship where the number of available midambles N is equal to “8” and the number of spread codes that can be assigned is also “8”. It can be seen that the position of the significant bit corresponds to the number of spreading codes (eg, the third position of bit “1” of word W corresponds to the number “3”).
- FIG. 11 shows another example in which the number N of available midambles is equal to “8” and the number of spread codes that can be allocated is “16”.
- the number of spreading codes is grouped into groups (two groups in this example). That is, in this example, one group consists of the numbers “0” to “7”, and the other group consists of the numbers “8” to “16”. In each group, the position of the effective bit corresponds to the number of spreading codes.
- the remaining valid bits (the 8th bit in this example) are used to define the group. In the example of Fig. 11, for the number of spreading codes from "8" to "16", the 8th bit is set to "1" and the 2nd bit is set to "1" from the number "8". It is set to a position corresponding to the number of spreading codes (for example, the number “10” corresponds to the condition where the eighth and second bits are equal to “1”).
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU44633/01A AU4463301A (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-03-29 | Information transmission method of mobile communication system |
JP2001573669A JP4707919B2 (ja) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-03-29 | 移動通信システムおよびその情報通信方法ならびに基地局 |
US09/926,702 US6618428B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-03-29 | Method for transmitting an information of mobile telecommunication system |
KR1020047004496A KR100901942B1 (ko) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-03-29 | 이동 통신 시스템의 정보 전달 방법 |
US10/618,585 US7027817B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2003-07-15 | Method for transmitting an information of a mobile telecommunication system |
US11/353,127 US7782815B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2006-02-14 | Method for transmitting an information of a mobile telecommunication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00400931A EP1143638B1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2000-04-04 | Method for transmitting an information representative of the number of spreading codes allocated to the mobile stations in communication with a base station |
EP00400931.2 | 2000-04-04 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/926,702 A-371-Of-International US6618428B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-03-29 | Method for transmitting an information of mobile telecommunication system |
US10/618,585 Division US7027817B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2003-07-15 | Method for transmitting an information of a mobile telecommunication system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001076116A1 true WO2001076116A1 (fr) | 2001-10-11 |
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ID=8173632
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2001/002663 WO2001076116A1 (fr) | 2000-04-04 | 2001-03-29 | Methode de transmission de l'information pour systeme de communication mobile |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US6618428B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP1143638B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4707919B2 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR100456761B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1929339B (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE262758T1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU4463301A (ja) |
DE (2) | DE60040934D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001076116A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2007504784A (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2007-03-01 | インターディジタル テクノロジー コーポレイション | 時分割複信の符号分割多重接続(tdd−cdma)ネットワークにおけるソフトハンドオーバおよびソフターハンドオーバの方法 |
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ATE415751T1 (de) * | 2000-03-20 | 2008-12-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Inf Tech | Basisstation zur übertragung eines wortes, das für die spreizkodes repräsentativ ist, die den mobilen stationen in kommunikation mit der basisstation jeweils zugeteilt sind |
EP1143638B1 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2004-03-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Centre Europe B.V. | Method for transmitting an information representative of the number of spreading codes allocated to the mobile stations in communication with a base station |
KR101006412B1 (ko) | 2002-03-25 | 2011-01-06 | 인터디지탈 테크날러지 코포레이션 | 통신 신호 수신 방법 |
US7428278B2 (en) * | 2002-05-09 | 2008-09-23 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for parallel midamble cancellation |
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JP4123473B2 (ja) | 2002-08-19 | 2008-07-23 | 日本電気株式会社 | 携帯電話機 |
CN1305324C (zh) * | 2003-03-21 | 2007-03-14 | 乐金电子(中国)研究开发中心有限公司 | 基于构造的期望中间码的自适应信道估计方法和装置 |
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US8358968B2 (en) * | 2008-10-03 | 2013-01-22 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method for selecting a channel to be monitored by subscriber units that are idle in a communication system |
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KR20100120094A (ko) * | 2009-05-04 | 2010-11-12 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 위성 채널을 이용하는 데이터 송수신 방법 및 장치 |
US8599826B2 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2013-12-03 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method for synchronizing direct mode time division multiple access (TDMA) transmissions |
US8503409B2 (en) | 2010-04-15 | 2013-08-06 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method for direct mode channel access |
US8462766B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2013-06-11 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for diffusing channel timing among subscriber units in TDMA direct mode |
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JP2007504784A (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2007-03-01 | インターディジタル テクノロジー コーポレイション | 時分割複信の符号分割多重接続(tdd−cdma)ネットワークにおけるソフトハンドオーバおよびソフターハンドオーバの方法 |
JP2009182987A (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2009-08-13 | Interdigital Technol Corp | 時分割複信の符号分割多重接続(tdd−cdma)ネットワークにおけるソフトハンドオーバおよびソフターハンドオーバの方法 |
JP4669841B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-13 | 2011-04-13 | インターデイジタル テクノロジー コーポレーション | 時分割複信の符号分割多重接続(tdd−cdma)ネットワークにおけるソフトハンドオーバおよびソフターハンドオーバの方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1383640A (zh) | 2002-12-04 |
CN1929339B (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
DE60009262D1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
ATE415750T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
JP4707919B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
KR100901942B1 (ko) | 2009-06-10 |
EP1143638A1 (en) | 2001-10-10 |
KR20040037161A (ko) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1404034A2 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
US20060126711A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
US7027817B2 (en) | 2006-04-11 |
CN1929339A (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
KR20090035646A (ko) | 2009-04-09 |
US20040013186A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 |
EP1404034B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
DE60040934D1 (de) | 2009-01-08 |
ATE262758T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
AU4463301A (en) | 2001-10-15 |
CN1310454C (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
KR100901941B1 (ko) | 2009-06-10 |
US7782815B2 (en) | 2010-08-24 |
US20030058925A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
KR20020035001A (ko) | 2002-05-09 |
US6618428B2 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
DE60009262T2 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
KR100456761B1 (ko) | 2004-11-10 |
EP1404034A3 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
EP1143638B1 (en) | 2004-03-24 |
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