WO2001071742A2 - Energy absorbing contact arm stop - Google Patents

Energy absorbing contact arm stop Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001071742A2
WO2001071742A2 PCT/US2001/008041 US0108041W WO0171742A2 WO 2001071742 A2 WO2001071742 A2 WO 2001071742A2 US 0108041 W US0108041 W US 0108041W WO 0171742 A2 WO0171742 A2 WO 0171742A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
contact
contact arm
kinetic energy
housing
movable contact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/008041
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2001071742A3 (en
Inventor
Roger Neil Castonguay
Dean Arthur Robarge
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Publication of WO2001071742A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001071742A2/en
Publication of WO2001071742A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001071742A3/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H01H1/205—Details concerning the elastic mounting of the rotating bridge in the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H01H1/2041—Rotating bridge
    • H01H1/2058—Rotating bridge being assembled in a cassette, which can be placed as a complete unit into a circuit breaker
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
    • H01H71/504—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release provided with anti-rebound means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H77/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting
    • H01H77/02—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism
    • H01H77/10—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening
    • H01H77/102—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by special mounting of contact arm, allowing blow-off movement
    • H01H77/104—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches operated by excess current and requiring separate action for resetting in which the excess current itself provides the energy for opening the contacts, and having a separate reset mechanism with electrodynamic opening characterised by special mounting of contact arm, allowing blow-off movement with a stable blow-off position

Definitions

  • This invention relates to circuit breakers, and, more particularly, to a movable contact arm stop that provides a resilient bumper to absorb the opening energy of a movable contact arm.
  • one or more springs are employed for maintaining a contact between movable contacts and fixed contacts against magnetic repulsive forces that naturally build up between the contacts.
  • magnetic repulsive forces are sufficient to accelerate the movable contact arm of a rotary contact assembly at a very high rate of speed.
  • Contact made between the highly accelerated movable contact arm and surfaces on the inside of the rotary contact assembly may cause the movable contact arm to rebound, which can be undesirable.
  • Prior art designs attempt to reduce the opening energy by slowing down the speed at which the movable contact arm opens.
  • Prior art designs also incorporate catchers and locks to retain the movable contact arms in the open positions.
  • catchers and locks to retain the movable contact arms in the open positions.
  • Such mechanisms are complicated and expensive, and are not completely reliable.
  • the present invention provides a circuit breaker cassette comprising a housing having a fixed contact mounted within the housing, and a movable contact mounted on a contact arm.
  • the contact arm is positionable in a closed position and an open position, wherein the contact arm is closed when the movable contact is in contact with said fixed contact.
  • a spring biases the movable contact arm towards the closed position.
  • a kinetic energy-absorbing stop is positioned to absorb kinetic energy of the contact arm resulting from magnetic repulsive forces forcing the movable contact and the fixed contact apart during a short circuit condition.
  • the kinetic energy-absorbing stop comprises a material more resilient than material forming said housing.
  • FIGURE 1 shows an exploded view of a circuit breaker of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 and Figure 3 show a plan of a circuit breaker cassette of the invention with part of its housing removed;
  • FIGURE 4 shows a perspective view of the circuit breaker cassette shown in Figures 2 and 3;
  • FIGURE 5 shows an exploded view of a rotor and contact arm assembly.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of molded-case circuit breaker 8.
  • Circuit breaker 8 comprises a case 2 holding three breaker cassettes 10. Each breaker cassette 10 operates to brake the current in one pole of the power circuit controlled by circuit breaker 8. Rods 3 tie cassettes 10 together into a unit and rods 4 mechanically link an operating mechanism 13 to cassettes 10 so that the contacts in all three cassettes 10 open and close in unison when operating mechanism 13 is tripped.
  • Operating mechanism 13 sits atop the center cassette 10 and includes handle 5 for manual operation of circuit breaker 8.
  • a mid-cover 6 encloses cassettes 10 and includes an aperture allowing access to handle 5.
  • Top-cover 7 protects accessories, trip units, and other components (not shown) that may be added to circuit breaker 8.
  • a circuit breaker cassette 10 is shown with one cover removed to reveal aspects of the inner structure of cassette 10.
  • Cassette 10 comprises a rotary contact assembly, shown generally at 12, in an electrically- insulated housing 14 intermediate a line-side contact strap 16, and a load-side contact strap 18.
  • Line-side contact strap 16 is electrically cormectable to line-side wiring (not shown) in an electrical distribution circuit
  • load-side contact strap 18 is electrically cormectable to load-side wiring (not shown) via a lug (not shown) or a device such as a bimetallic element or current sensor (not shown).
  • a separate cassette 10 is employed for each pole of multi-pole molded-case circuit breaker 8.
  • Movable contact arm 30 is pivotally arranged between two halves of a rotor 34 and moves in conjunction with rotor 34 upon rotation of rotor 34 by operating mechanism 13 ( Figure 1).
  • Rotor 34 is rotatably positioned on a rotor pivot axle 35, the ends of which are supported by inner parallel walls of electrically-insulated housing 14.
  • rotary contact assembly 12 When movable contact arm 30 is positioned such that movable contact 26 is in intimate contact with fixed contact 24 and such that movable contact 28 is in intimate contact with fixed contact 32, rotary contact assembly 12 is said to be in the "closed” position.
  • a contact arm 30 is shown having two movable contacts 26 and 28 on distal ends 31 and 33 of contact arm 30, respectively, it is also possible to have a contact arm with only one distal portion and only one movable contact. In this case, the electrical connection continues from one of the contact straps, through a fixed contact to a movable contact on the contact arm, then through the contact arm and then a braided conductor connecting the contact arm to the other contact strap.
  • the inventive kinetic energy-absorbing stops 36, 38 are mounted within electrically-insulated housing 14 and are positioned to be engaged by movable contact arm 30 in the event that contact arm 30 is forced into an "open" position by magnetic forces generated during a short circuit condition.
  • Energy-absorbing contact arm stops 36, 38 are fabricated of a material of sufficient resiliency to cushion movable contact arm 30 and absorb kinetic energy of the contact arm resulting from the rapid opening of movable contact arm 30.
  • a medium-grade closed-cell resilient polyurethane foam is contemplated for use in this application.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show rotary contact assembly 12 with movable contact arm 30 is in an "open” position as a result of an encountered overcurrent condition. Because of the overcurrent condition, movable contact arm 30 is forced into the "open” position by magnetic repulsive forces generated between pairs 24, 26 and 28,32 of fixed and movable contacts during a short circuit condition. In opening the circuit, the magnetic repulsive forces act against the forces created by the contact springs 40, 41, 58, and 59 ( Figure 5), which tend to maintain contact arm 30 in a closed position.
  • pivots 52 and 53 shown in Figures 3 and 5, and discussed in more detail below, are rotated around rotor pivot axle 35 positioning links 48 and 49 such that the torque applied by springs 40, 41, 58 and 59 is now in the counterclockwise direction, biasing contact arm 30 in the open position shown in Figure 2.
  • a first contact spring 40 is stretched across the face of rotor 34.
  • First contact spring 40 is supported on one end by a first spring pin 56, which rests in slot 44.
  • First contact spring 40 is supported on a second end by a second spring pin 57, which rests in slot 46.
  • a second contact spring 41 is likewise supported on the same face of rotor 34 and is positioned to extend parallel to the first contact spring between pins 54 and 55 which in turn rest in slots 45 and 47, respectively.
  • a third contact spring 58 is positioned on the opposing face of rotor 34 opposite spring 40, and is supported by spring pin 56.
  • a fourth contact spring 59 is supported on the opposing face of rotor 34 parallel to the third contact spring and opposite spring 41, extending between pins 54 and 55. Pins 56 and 55 are pulled by springs 40 and 41 to the bottom of slots 44 and 47, respectively. Pins 57 and 54 pass through slots 46 and 45, and through links 48 and 49, respectively.
  • the contact springs are thus connected to both rotor 34 and contact arm 30 in such a manner so as to bias contact arm 30 into a closed position relative to rotor 34, thereby ensuring an electrically sound connection between fixed contacts 24, 32 (see Figures 1-3) and movable contacts 26, 28.

Abstract

A circuit breaker cassette (10) comprises a housing (14) having a fixed contact (24), and a movable contact (26) on a contact arm (30). The contact arm (30) is positionable in a closed position and an open position, wherein the contact arm (30) is closed when the movable contact (26) is in contact with said fixed contact (24). A spring (40) biases the movable contact arm (30) towards the closed position. A kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) is positioned to absorb kinetic energy of the contact arm (30) resulting from magnetic repulsive forces forcing the movable contact (26) and the fixed contact (24) apart during a short circuit condition. The kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) comprises a material more resilient than material forming said housing (14).

Description

ENERGY ABSORBING CONTACT ARM STOP
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims benefit of earlier-filed U.S. Provisional Application 60/190,179, filed March 17, 2000, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to circuit breakers, and, more particularly, to a movable contact arm stop that provides a resilient bumper to absorb the opening energy of a movable contact arm.
In typical circuit breakers, one or more springs are employed for maintaining a contact between movable contacts and fixed contacts against magnetic repulsive forces that naturally build up between the contacts. During short circuit occurrences, magnetic repulsive forces are sufficient to accelerate the movable contact arm of a rotary contact assembly at a very high rate of speed. Contact made between the highly accelerated movable contact arm and surfaces on the inside of the rotary contact assembly may cause the movable contact arm to rebound, which can be undesirable.
Prior art designs attempt to reduce the opening energy by slowing down the speed at which the movable contact arm opens. Prior art designs also incorporate catchers and locks to retain the movable contact arms in the open positions. However, such mechanisms are complicated and expensive, and are not completely reliable.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To overcome the above discussed and other disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a circuit breaker cassette comprising a housing having a fixed contact mounted within the housing, and a movable contact mounted on a contact arm. The contact arm is positionable in a closed position and an open position, wherein the contact arm is closed when the movable contact is in contact with said fixed contact. A spring biases the movable contact arm towards the closed position. A kinetic energy-absorbing stop is positioned to absorb kinetic energy of the contact arm resulting from magnetic repulsive forces forcing the movable contact and the fixed contact apart during a short circuit condition. The kinetic energy-absorbing stop comprises a material more resilient than material forming said housing.
The above discussed and other features and advantages of the present invention will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to the exemplary drawings wherein like elements are numbered alike in the several FIGURES:
FIGURE 1 shows an exploded view of a circuit breaker of the invention;
FIGURE 2 and Figure 3 show a plan of a circuit breaker cassette of the invention with part of its housing removed;
FIGURE 4 shows a perspective view of the circuit breaker cassette shown in Figures 2 and 3; and
FIGURE 5 shows an exploded view of a rotor and contact arm assembly.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Figure 1 shows an exploded view of molded-case circuit breaker 8.
Although a molded case circuit breaker is shown, the invention is applicable to other circuit breakers types. Circuit breaker 8 comprises a case 2 holding three breaker cassettes 10. Each breaker cassette 10 operates to brake the current in one pole of the power circuit controlled by circuit breaker 8. Rods 3 tie cassettes 10 together into a unit and rods 4 mechanically link an operating mechanism 13 to cassettes 10 so that the contacts in all three cassettes 10 open and close in unison when operating mechanism 13 is tripped.
Operating mechanism 13 sits atop the center cassette 10 and includes handle 5 for manual operation of circuit breaker 8. A mid-cover 6 encloses cassettes 10 and includes an aperture allowing access to handle 5. Top-cover 7 protects accessories, trip units, and other components (not shown) that may be added to circuit breaker 8.
Referring to Figure 2, a circuit breaker cassette 10 is shown with one cover removed to reveal aspects of the inner structure of cassette 10. Cassette 10 comprises a rotary contact assembly, shown generally at 12, in an electrically- insulated housing 14 intermediate a line-side contact strap 16, and a load-side contact strap 18. Line-side contact strap 16 is electrically cormectable to line-side wiring (not shown) in an electrical distribution circuit, and load-side contact strap 18 is electrically cormectable to load-side wiring (not shown) via a lug (not shown) or a device such as a bimetallic element or current sensor (not shown). As mentioned with regard to Figure 1, a separate cassette 10 is employed for each pole of multi-pole molded-case circuit breaker 8.
Electricity travels through rotary contact assembly 12 of cassette 10 from line-side contact strap 16 to an associated fixed contact 24, through movable contacts 26, 28 secured to the ends of a movable contact arm shown generally at 30, and to an associated fixed contact 32 on load-side contact strap 18. Movable contact arm 30 is pivotally arranged between two halves of a rotor 34 and moves in conjunction with rotor 34 upon rotation of rotor 34 by operating mechanism 13 (Figure 1). Rotor 34 is rotatably positioned on a rotor pivot axle 35, the ends of which are supported by inner parallel walls of electrically-insulated housing 14. When movable contact arm 30 is positioned such that movable contact 26 is in intimate contact with fixed contact 24 and such that movable contact 28 is in intimate contact with fixed contact 32, rotary contact assembly 12 is said to be in the "closed" position. It should be noted that although a contact arm 30 is shown having two movable contacts 26 and 28 on distal ends 31 and 33 of contact arm 30, respectively, it is also possible to have a contact arm with only one distal portion and only one movable contact. In this case, the electrical connection continues from one of the contact straps, through a fixed contact to a movable contact on the contact arm, then through the contact arm and then a braided conductor connecting the contact arm to the other contact strap.
The inventive kinetic energy-absorbing stops 36, 38 are mounted within electrically-insulated housing 14 and are positioned to be engaged by movable contact arm 30 in the event that contact arm 30 is forced into an "open" position by magnetic forces generated during a short circuit condition. Energy-absorbing contact arm stops 36, 38 are fabricated of a material of sufficient resiliency to cushion movable contact arm 30 and absorb kinetic energy of the contact arm resulting from the rapid opening of movable contact arm 30. A medium-grade closed-cell resilient polyurethane foam is contemplated for use in this application.
Figures 3 and 4 show rotary contact assembly 12 with movable contact arm 30 is in an "open" position as a result of an encountered overcurrent condition. Because of the overcurrent condition, movable contact arm 30 is forced into the "open" position by magnetic repulsive forces generated between pairs 24, 26 and 28,32 of fixed and movable contacts during a short circuit condition. In opening the circuit, the magnetic repulsive forces act against the forces created by the contact springs 40, 41, 58, and 59 (Figure 5), which tend to maintain contact arm 30 in a closed position. However, when the contact arm 30 is forced into the open position by magnetic forces, pivots 52 and 53, shown in Figures 3 and 5, and discussed in more detail below, are rotated around rotor pivot axle 35 positioning links 48 and 49 such that the torque applied by springs 40, 41, 58 and 59 is now in the counterclockwise direction, biasing contact arm 30 in the open position shown in Figure 2.
The mounting of energy-absorbing contact arm stops 36, 38 on inner surfaces 37, 39 cushions the contact made thereon when movable contact arm 30 is forced open. The resiliency of energy-absorbing contact arm stops 36, 38 then dissipates the energy generated by the force of the contact, reducing the likelihood that contact arm 30 would rebound to the closed position.
Referring especially to Figure 5, rotary contact assembly 12 will now be more fully described. Contact arm 30 slides in opening 63 in rotor 34 and pivot axle 35 slides through both the elongated aperture in contact arm 30 and the apertures
59 in rotor 34, thereby allowing contact arm 30 to pivot about axle 35 independently of rotor 34. A first contact spring 40 is stretched across the face of rotor 34. First contact spring 40 is supported on one end by a first spring pin 56, which rests in slot 44. First contact spring 40 is supported on a second end by a second spring pin 57, which rests in slot 46. A second contact spring 41 is likewise supported on the same face of rotor 34 and is positioned to extend parallel to the first contact spring between pins 54 and 55 which in turn rest in slots 45 and 47, respectively. A third contact spring 58 is positioned on the opposing face of rotor 34 opposite spring 40, and is supported by spring pin 56. A fourth contact spring 59 is supported on the opposing face of rotor 34 parallel to the third contact spring and opposite spring 41, extending between pins 54 and 55. Pins 56 and 55 are pulled by springs 40 and 41 to the bottom of slots 44 and 47, respectively. Pins 57 and 54 pass through slots 46 and 45, and through links 48 and 49, respectively. The contact springs are thus connected to both rotor 34 and contact arm 30 in such a manner so as to bias contact arm 30 into a closed position relative to rotor 34, thereby ensuring an electrically sound connection between fixed contacts 24, 32 (see Figures 1-3) and movable contacts 26, 28.
While this invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A circuit breaker cassette ( 10) comprising: a housing (14); a fixed contact (24) within said housing (14); a movable contact (26) on a contact arm (30) in said housing (14), said contact arm (30) being positionable in a closed position and open position wherein said movable contact arm (30) is closed when said movable contact (26) is in contact with said fixed contact (24); and a kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) positioned to absorb kinetic energy of said contact arm (30) resulting from magnetic repulsive forces forcing said movable contact (26) and said fixed contact (24) apart during a short circuit condition, said kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) comprising a material more resilient than material forming said housing (14).
2. The circuit breaker cassette (10) of claim 1 wherein said kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) is formed from medium grade closed-cell resilient polyurethane foam.
3. The circuit breaker cassette (10) of claim 1 further comprising: a rotor (34) rotatably mounted within said housing (14), said rotor (34) and said contact arm (30) pivot on a common axis; and a spring (40) biasing said contact arm (30) relative to said rotor (34).
4. The circuit breaker cassette (10) of claim 1 further comprising a second fixed contact (32) within said housing (14) and a second movable contact (28) on said contact arm (30), said second fixed contact (32) and said second movable contact (28) being in contact with each other when said contact arm (30) is in said closed position.
5. The circuit breaker cassette (10) of claim 4 wherein said contact arm (30) comprises a first distal end (31) and a second distal end (33); said movable contact (26) being disposed on said first distal end (31) and said second movable contact (28) is disposed on said second distal end (33), said circuit breaker cassette (10) further comprising a second kinetic energy-absorbing stop (38), said kinetic energy absorbing stop (36) and said second kinetic energy absorbing stop (38) being positioned to absorb kinetic energy of said first and second distal ends (31, 33) of said contact arm (30), respectively.
6. A circuit breaker (8) comprising: a housing (2); a fixed contact (24) within said housing (2); a movable contact (26) on a contact arm (30) in said housing (2), said contact arm (30) being positionable in a closed position and open position wherein said movable contact arm (30) is closed when said movable contact (26) is in contact with said fixed contact (24); and a kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) positioned to absorb kinetic energy of said contact arm (30) resulting from magnetic repulsive forces forcing said movable contact (26) and said fixed contact (24) apart during a short circuit condition, said kinetic energy-absorbing stop (36) comprising a material more resilient than material forming said housing (2).
7. The circuit breaker (8) of claim 6 wherein said kinetic energy- absorbing stop (36) is formed from medium grade closed-cell resilient polyurethane foam.
8. The circuit breaker (8) of claim 6 further comprising: a rotor (34) rotatably mounted within said housing (2), said rotor (34) and said contact arm (30) pivot on a common axis; and a spring (40) biasing said contact arm (30) relative to said rotor (34).
9. The circuit breaker (8) of claim 7 further comprising a second fixed contact (32) within said housing and a second movable contact (28) on said contact arm (30), said second fixed contact (32) and said second movable contact (28) being in contact with each other when said contact arm (30) is in said closed position.
10. The circuit breaker (8) of claim 11 wherein said contact arm (30) comprises a first distal end (31) and a second distal end (33); said movable contact (26) being disposed on said first distal end (31) and said second movable contact (28) is disposed on said second distal end (33), said circuit breaker (8) further comprising a second kinetic energy-absorbing stop (38), said kinetic energy absorbing stop (36) and said second kinetic energy absorbing stop (38) being positioned to absorb kinetic energy of said first and second distal ends (31, 33) of said contact arm (30), respectively.
PCT/US2001/008041 2000-03-17 2001-03-13 Energy absorbing contact arm stop WO2001071742A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19017900P 2000-03-17 2000-03-17
US60/190,179 2000-03-17
US09/655,647 2000-09-06
US09/655,647 US6639168B1 (en) 2000-03-17 2000-09-06 Energy absorbing contact arm stop

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001071742A2 true WO2001071742A2 (en) 2001-09-27
WO2001071742A3 WO2001071742A3 (en) 2002-02-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/008041 WO2001071742A2 (en) 2000-03-17 2001-03-13 Energy absorbing contact arm stop

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US (1) US6639168B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001071742A2 (en)

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