WO2001070417A2 - Method and apparatus for applying a material by means of electro hydro dynamic jetting - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for applying a material by means of electro hydro dynamic jetting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001070417A2 WO2001070417A2 PCT/NL2001/000245 NL0100245W WO0170417A2 WO 2001070417 A2 WO2001070417 A2 WO 2001070417A2 NL 0100245 W NL0100245 W NL 0100245W WO 0170417 A2 WO0170417 A2 WO 0170417A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- jet
- fibers
- filaments
- following
- impregnation
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for applying a viscous material specifically by means of electro hydro dynamic jetting.
- the method according to the invention can be used for forming powders or microspheres from the material by selecting conditions such that at least one jet is broken up into small droplets that are allowed to solidify.
- the method according to the invention can also be used for forming fibers or filaments.
- the material in the jet is allowed to solidify before it can break up into droplets or before it comes into contact with a surface in the direction of which the jet is emitted.
- the method according to the invention can also be used for coating or impregnating materials of great diversity. The material to be coated or impregnated is guided through the jet or jets, so that the material of the jet or jets is brought into contact with the material to be coated or impregnated.
- the method according to the invention can be used for forming three dimensional objects by carefully controlling the direction and size of the jet or jets, such that the material is deposited in each instance in very specific position, such that a three dimensional object can be built up layer by layer.
- viscous material i.e. material having a viscosity that is too high for spraying as such. It has appeared that the material only has to be made sufficiently flowable to be able to be supplied to a nozzle from which the jet can be formed by electro hydro dynamic forces. Because the jet is formed under the influence of high electrical tension, it is possible to very accurately control the direction and size of the let, by generating and controlling electrical fields.
- the material can be substantially free of any solvents which is very favorable, as m prior art methods the material to be netted or sprayed has to be made sufficiently flowable with solvent, which has to be evaporated after that the material is applied to the surface or carrier.
- heating is generally sufficient for obtaining the minimum flowability for supplying the material to the nozzle of a letting device.
- substantially any material provided that it can be brought m at least a minimal flowable state and has suitable electric conductivity for being electrically charged and a suitable surface tension to be netted and/or dispersed.
- the jetted rraterial can oe mixed with other materials or additives, before or after the net is formed.
- the material in the jet as binder for binding particulate material that cannot be brought m a flowable state itself.
- the binder material can be a thermoplastic or thermosettmg synthetic material .
- a very favorable embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the forming of a three dimensional object m accordance with a three dimensionally scanned object. In this way it is possible to reproduce an existing object in a preferred material. In this way it is possible to first make a model of an object in a material that is easily modelled, such as a wax, synthetic material or such. The model can than be scanned and be reproduced with the method according to the invention in a hard material such as a metallic material or a ceramic material with a thermo setting material as binder. Another application of this embodiment is to scan a surface of an object to which an additional object has to be fitted. An example is the use of this method m the dental technique.
- a tooth of a patient that has to be replaced by a false tooth is first scanned by means of a laser scanner or such and thereafter treated by the dentist for fitting an artificial tooth.
- the treated surface of the tooth is again scanned and m a computer the form of the false tooth is calculated and thereafter produced by means of the method according to the invention.
- the scanning and production of the false tooth can be done at the dentists, so that a very swift treatment of the patient can be guaranteed
- the invention also relates to an apparatus for applying the method according to the invention.
- This apparatus is characterized in claim 38. Further preferred embodiments are characterized m the subclaims In tne enclosed figures several preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus according to the invention are schematically shown.
- Figure 1 shows the forming of fibers or filaments.
- Several nozzles form several filaments, and the conditions m the chamber m which these jets are emitted are such that the filaments solidify before they hit a surface (not shown) that acts as counter electrode.
- Figure 2 corresponds mainly to figure 1.
- the conditions m the chamber m which the material jets are emitted are maintained such that the formed jets brake up into small droplets, which solidify m the path to a surface acting as counter electrode.
- the droplets form powder particles.
- Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invention in which fiber bundles are coated with a suitable material
- the fiber bundles are guided along rollers in a vertical path and along this vertical path a number of jetting nozzles are ranged.
- the material jetted from these nozzles adheres to the fibers and is carried with the fiber bundles out of the jetting chamber.
- Optional calenders are provided which can calender the fibers provided with the jetted material. Also an infra red oven car- be arranged, melting the jetted material onto the fibers.
- tnese fibers are gilded m contact with grounded guiding rollers, so that cne potential of the fiber bundles is brought to tne ground potential, making it possible for the jetted material to adhere electrostatically to the fibers.
- Figure 4 shows an embodiment m which the material to be coated, wn cn again can be a bundle of fibers but can also be plates or such, are guided m a horizontal path.
- Figure 5 shows an embodiment m which chopped fibers are coated or impregnated with a suitable material.
- the chopped fibers are supplied onto a conveyor belt and guided through jetting and dispersion assemblies adding material to the chopped fibers.
- the chopped fibers with adhering coating material are subsequently guided through a double belt press, making the chopped fibers to adhere to one another and accordingly producing a composite fiber web
- Figure 6 shows an alternative to the way m which the jetted material is brought m contact with the chopped fibers According to this embodiment this is done "on the fly”.
- the chopped fibers flow through a tunnel and during this flow are Drought into contact with the jetted material.
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying a viscous material, having suitable electric conductivity and surface tension to be jetted by electric forces, comprising generating at least one jet of said material, in a longitudinal direction in a jetting treatment chamber, treating the jet and collecting the material from the treated jet.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING A MATERIAL BY MEANS OF ELECTRO HYDRO DYNAMIC JETTING
The invention relates to a method for applying a viscous material specifically by means of electro hydro dynamic jetting.
The method according to the invention can be used for forming powders or microspheres from the material by selecting conditions such that at least one jet is broken up into small droplets that are allowed to solidify.
The method according to the invention can also be used for forming fibers or filaments. To obtain these fibers or filaments, the material in the jet is allowed to solidify before it can break up into droplets or before it comes into contact with a surface in the direction of which the jet is emitted. The method according to the invention can also be used for coating or impregnating materials of great diversity. The material to be coated or impregnated is guided through the jet or jets, so that the material of the jet or jets is brought into contact with the material to be coated or impregnated.
Furthermore, the method according to the invention can be used for forming three dimensional objects by carefully controlling the direction and size of the jet or jets, such that the material is deposited in each instance in very specific position, such that a three dimensional object can be built up layer by layer.
An important aspect of the invention is that viscous material is used, i.e. material having a viscosity that is too high for spraying as such. It has appeared that the material only has to be made sufficiently flowable to be able to be supplied to a nozzle from which the jet can be formed by electro hydro dynamic forces. Because the jet is formed under the influence of high electrical tension, it is possible to very accurately control the direction and size of the
let, by generating and controlling electrical fields. The material can be substantially free of any solvents which is very favorable, as m prior art methods the material to be netted or sprayed has to be made sufficiently flowable with solvent, which has to be evaporated after that the material is applied to the surface or carrier. For high viscous materials heating is generally sufficient for obtaining the minimum flowability for supplying the material to the nozzle of a letting device. According to the invention it is possible to apply substantially any material, provided that it can be brought m at least a minimal flowable state and has suitable electric conductivity for being electrically charged and a suitable surface tension to be netted and/or dispersed.
The jetted rraterial can oe mixed with other materials or additives, before or after the net is formed. For example it is possible to use the material in the jet as binder for binding particulate material that cannot be brought m a flowable state itself. The binder material can be a thermoplastic or thermosettmg synthetic material .
A very favorable embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the forming of a three dimensional object m accordance with a three dimensionally scanned object. In this way it is possible to reproduce an existing object in a preferred material. In this way it is possible to first make a model of an object in a material that is easily modelled, such as a wax, synthetic material or such. The model can than be scanned and be reproduced with the method according to the invention in a hard material such as a metallic material or a ceramic material with a thermo setting material as binder. Another application of this embodiment is to scan a surface of an object to which an additional object has to be fitted. An example is the use of this method m the dental technique.
For example a tooth of a patient that has to be replaced by a false tooth, is first scanned by means of a laser scanner or such and thereafter treated by the dentist for fitting an artificial tooth. The treated surface of the tooth is again scanned and m a computer the form of the false tooth is calculated and thereafter produced by means of the method according to the invention. The scanning and production of the false tooth can be done at the dentists, so that a very swift treatment of the patient can be guaranteed
The invention also relates to an apparatus for applying the method according to the invention. This apparatus is characterized in claim 38. Further preferred embodiments are characterized m the subclaims In tne enclosed figures several preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus according to the invention are schematically shown.
Figure 1 shows the forming of fibers or filaments. Several nozzles form several filaments, and the conditions m the chamber m which these jets are emitted are such that the filaments solidify before they hit a surface (not shown) that acts as counter electrode.
Figure 2 corresponds mainly to figure 1. In this embodiment the conditions m the chamber m which the material jets are emitted are maintained such that the formed jets brake up into small droplets, which solidify m the path to a surface acting as counter electrode. The droplets form powder particles.
Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invention in which fiber bundles are coated with a suitable material The fiber bundles are guided along rollers in a vertical path and along this vertical path a number of jetting nozzles are ranged. The material jetted from these nozzles adheres to the fibers and is carried with the fiber bundles out of the jetting chamber.
Optional calenders are provided which can calender the fibers provided with the jetted material.
Also an infra red oven car- be arranged, melting the jetted material onto the fibers.
At the entrance o the fibers in the jetting chamber tnese fibers are gilded m contact with grounded guiding rollers, so that cne potential of the fiber bundles is brought to tne ground potential, making it possible for the jetted material to adhere electrostatically to the fibers.
Figure 4 shows an embodiment m which the material to be coated, wn cn again can be a bundle of fibers but can also be plates or such, are guided m a horizontal path.
Figure 5 shows an embodiment m which chopped fibers are coated or impregnated with a suitable material. The chopped fibers are supplied onto a conveyor belt and guided through jetting and dispersion assemblies adding material to the chopped fibers. The chopped fibers with adhering coating material are subsequently guided through a double belt press, making the chopped fibers to adhere to one another and accordingly producing a composite fiber web
Figure 6 shows an alternative to the way m which the jetted material is brought m contact with the chopped fibers According to this embodiment this is done "on the fly". The chopped fibers flow through a tunnel and during this flow are Drought into contact with the jetted material.
The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described above, but comprises all alternatives covered by the accompanying claims.
Claims
Cl aims
1 Method for applying a viscous material, having suitable electric conductivity and surface tension to be jetted by electric forces, comprising generating at least one jet of said material, m a longitudinal direction m a jetting treatment chamber, treating the et and collecting the material from the treated jet.
2 Method according to claim 1, wherein the material is heated before being jetted
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one additive such as a colorant, filament, filler and the like is added to the jet.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, nerein at least one jet of other material such as an additive, monomer or initiator, from an auxiliary jet forming device is mixed with the material from the first j et .
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the jet forming device is placed on a robotized arm, and moving said arm along a predetermined pattern m a predetermined direction
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the et is heat treated over at least part of its trajectory.
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of bio materials, cement, ceramic, concrete, coating compounds, controlled release-substances, enamels, fats, glycerine, glues, grease, lubricants, medicaments, metals, metal oxides, oils and fuel oils, organic materials / binders / monomers or partly polymerized monomers/ paint resins / polymers (including thermoset and thermoplastic)/ precursors / primers, rare earth, rubbers, waxes such as paraffins, petrolatums, taste altering substances, electric ink, solvents, possibly m the form of emulsions, gels, melt, slurries and/or suspensions
8 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby said material, has a viscosity from 0.5 to 50.000 Pa s . , an electrical conductivity of between 0,01 and 100 micro Siemens per cm and a surface tension of between 1 and 500 dyne/cm, preferably a viscosity from 1.5 to 10 000 Pa s . , an electrical conductivity of between 0,05 and 50 micro Siemens per cm and a surface tension of between 10 and 100 dyne/cm, more preferably a viscosity from 5 to 2.000 Pa s . , an electrical conductivity of oetween 0,1 and 20 micro Siemens per cm and a surface tension of between 15 and 50 dyne/cm
9 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby if the object or substrate are nonconductive , a charge opposite m polarity from the dispersion is placed on the ob ects/substrate, possibly by corona wire.
10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the material is deposited on dielectric material and at least a portion of the charge on the dielectric material is maintained while the charged coating particles are applied thereon.
11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the charge imposed on the material is optimized m order to also enable deposition on the back side of objects
12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the charge on the substrate is neutralized after deposition.
13 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby a plurality of jets, having opposite polarities is used, resulting m that the positively charged jets are attracted by the negatively charged jets and are mixed by electric forces .
14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the jets of said material are formed into continuous elongated filaments
15. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the jet is made to break up into droplets so that particulate material is formed.
16 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby, polymerization of tne material is performed prior to or during forming
17 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the filament forming is gas assisted.
18. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the filamentary material is tensioned 19 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the filaments are deposited on a substrate m a predetermined pattern m order to form a material with predetermined openness and porosity 20 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby a foam or hollow particle material is obtained by adding to the jet of material blowing or foaming agent and heating the jetted material so that a quick evaporation of the agent results in the forming of hollow particles
21. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the obtained particulate material is further treated in-line, such as by coating, heating, mixing with other materials, pyrolyzation , spraying, stacking and pressing
22. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the particles formed are applied for m-line coating/impregnation of fiber bundles and/or filaments, traveling trough the jet. 23 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the fibers are chosen from the group of inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, boron fibers, ceramic fibers derived from alumina, and silicon carbide fibers, organic fibers such as aramids, polyethylene, poly (benzimidazole) , aromatic polyesters, and metal fibers such as steel and stainless steel
24. Method according to one of the preceding claims for coating/ impregnation of said continuous fiber
bundles and/or filaments and collecting and/or further treating the coated/impregnated materials, comprising at least one of the steps of :
Unwinding bobbins of said fiber and/or filaments or pulling the fiber and/or filaments out of a box or otner methods of supply.
Tensiomng said fibers and/or filaments.
Pre-opemng the fiber bundles.
Guiding continuous fiber bundles and/or filaments through the jet.
Spreading said fibers and/or filaments prior to coatmg/impregnation and keep them substantially spread during coatmg/impregnation.
Guiding the spread fibers and/or filaments over grounded rollers or surfaces prior to- and/or m between of several coatmg/impregnation steps.
Heating said fibers and/or filaments prior and/or during coatmg/impregnation.
Discharging the charged particles on said spread fiber/filaments , whereby the particles homogeneously coat/impregnates said fibers/filaments ; applying a conductive flowable material and/or sizing; preferably with adhesion/bonding and/or electrical conductivity promoters, to the spread fibers and/or filaments prior to optional further coatmg/impregnation.
Applying the dispersions from two or possibly more sides from said spread fibers/filaments .
Applying additional air-jets case of powder coatmg/impregnation . In case of powder coating/ impregnation, applying droplet coating of the powder impregnated fibers/filaments m order to prevent powder outfall .
Chopping the coated/impregnated fibers/filaments . Further treating said coated/impregnated fibers/filaments in-lme, e.g. by calendaring, heating, pressing, pultrusion, pyrolyzation, tensiomng, winding or any other applicable processes.
Applying jets and dispersions of flowable materials on
spread) non- or partly coated/impregnated fiPers /filaments during processing of ibers/filaments m praidmg, rope forming, twisting, weaving, winding and the like.
25. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby coatmg/impregnation of fibers/filaments is performed during praidmg, knitting, weaving, filament winding and the like, at or before the moment that the fibers/filaments are intermingled or wound.
26. Method according to one of the preceding claims, supplying said fiPers/filaments directly m the veil of the jet, resulting m intermingling with said streams in converting and thereafter common flight. 27. Method according to one of the preceding claims, for forming of tnree-dimensional objects comprising at least one of the steps of:
Depositing successive layers by at least one jet, on a movable and possibly grounded substrate/surface,
Adjusting the size and/or shape of the jet. Guiding the jet by computer control into the desired direction.
Depositing the material m the jet m a pattern defining a shape of the three-dimensional article onto a target, the deposited material forming a layer-by- layer three-dimensional article.
Moving the deposition areas and/or spot on the forming substrate or the layers already formed m at least one direction by computer control.
Optionally heating and or cooling sa d deposition areas and/or spot on the forming substrate or the layers already formed
28. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the jetting device is installed on at least one robotized arm, and moving said arm, along a predetermined pattern a predetermined direction,
thereby depositing layer-Joy- layer along said predetermined pattern m said predetermined direction.
29. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereoy an object is placed on the substrate prior to jetting and/or dispersion or on the layers already formed
30. Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the object is fixed by the jetted material 31. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the layers are of different types (e.g. binder, primer, shielding) and/or of successively higher temperature materials.
32. Method according to one of the claims 27 and following, comprising the three dimensionally scanning of an object to oe reproduced, loading scanned data m a computer memory and wherein the guiding of the jet by computer control into the desired direction is done by means of the scanned data, so as to reproduce the obj ect .
33. Method according to one of the claims 27 and following, comprising the three dimensionally scanning of an object surface, loading scanned data m a computer memory whereby the scanned data is manipulated such that three dimensional data is obtained of an object fitting onto the scanned object surface and wherein the guiding of the jet by computer control into the desired direction is done by means of the scanned data, so as to produce the fitting object and fitting said object to the scanned object surface
34. Method according to claim 33, wherein the object to be reproduced is first scanned, a part of the object is removed and the remaining part of the object is scanned again, whereby the scanned data is manipulated such that three dimensional data is obtained of the removed part of the object and the removed part is reproduced, and fitting the removed part.
35. Method according to claim 34, wherein the scanned object is a dental object such as a tooth and the viscous material is a tooth compatible material
36 Method according to one of the preceding claims, whereby the viscous material is present on a surface and is applied on a carrier for removal.
37. Method according to claim 36 wherein the viscous material is a waste oil product.
38. Apparatus for applying a viscous material having suitable electric conductivity and surface tension to be electrohydrodynamically jetted by, by generating an electrically charged fluid path of said material, comprising a hydrodynamic jetting device having at least one nozzle means for supplying said material to said jetting device means for energizing a charging electrode of the jetting device to apply an electrostatic charge to said viscous material as said material passes through said jetting device means for controlling and guiding said jet
39. Apparatus according to claim 38, comprising an electrically insulated housing encapsulating said device to prevent unwanted interferences with foreign equipment
40. Apparatus according to claim 38 or 39, comprising means for assisting said jetting with corona, gas and/or heat-source (e.g. halogen, induction, infrared, laser) . 41. Apparatus according to one of tne claims 38 and following, whereby said electro hydrodynamic jetting device is provided with at least one charging electrode at the front end thereof to effect the downstream discharge of said materials from said nozzles m the form of electrically charged jets.
42. Apparatus according to one of tne claims 38 and following further comprising at least one charging capillary nozzle
43. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, whereby said electro hydrodynamic jetting device is of the cone- jet type.
44. Apparatus according to claims 6, whereby said cone-jet type jetting is provided with at least one control electrode m order to enhance the stability of the jet
45. Apparatus according one of the claims 6 and following, whereby the distance of a capillary opening slit or tube of the cone-jet system to the control electrode is adjustable between 0.1 and 15 cm, and preferably is 0.5 to 4 cm. m order to control the nature, dimensions and pattern of the resulting jet.
46. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, whereby said jetting device is provided with at least one deflector electrode for guiding the jet.
47. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising a jet and filament forming chamber and means supplying inert gas m the chamber
48. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for heating and/subsequently cooling the filament forming trajectories.
49. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means to deposit the filamentary materials on an object, substrate or conveyor belt, m a predetermined crisscross pattern or position-directed.
50. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for chopping filamentary materials made
51. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, whereby said jetting is a piezo electro/ultrasonic jetting device.
52. Apparatus for coating/ impregnation of fibers, comprising
Means fc- supplying said fibers
Means for guiding said fibers tnrough said chamber; downstream tne jetting device
53 Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for tensiomng said fibers
54. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for spreading said fibers. 55 Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for heating said fibers.
56 Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for discnargmg charged particles on said spread fiber.
57. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for chopping the coated/impregnated fibers
58. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, comprising means for supplying fibers while deposited on a conveyor belt passing trough said coatmg/impregnation chamber and means for supplying sa d fibers directly the veil of the jet and droplet streams m the chamber, resulting m intermingling with sa d streams common flight .
59. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, whereby said means for supplying said fibers directly the veil of jet and droplet streams is at least one computer or otherwise controlled robotized arm .
60. Apparatus according to one of the claims 38 and following, for forming of three-dimensional objects from viscous material, comprising the steps of: means for depositing successive layers by at least one jet on a movable and possibly grounded surface,
means for adjusting the size and/or shape of the jet, means for guiding the jet by computer control into tne desired direction, means for depositing material from the jet in a pattern defining a shape of the three-dimensional article onto the surface, the deposited jet forming a layer-by- layer three-dimensional article
61 Apparatus according to claim 54 comprising means for heating and or cooling said deposition areas on the forming surface or the layers already formed
62 Apparatus according to claim 60, further comprising scanning means and scanning data manipulating means and said means for guiding the jet being controllable on the basis of manipulated scanning data
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU44857/01A AU4485701A (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-03-26 | Method and apparatus for applying a material by means of electro hydro dynamic jetting |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1014747 | 2000-03-24 | ||
| NL1014747 | 2000-03-24 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001070417A2 true WO2001070417A2 (en) | 2001-09-27 |
| WO2001070417A3 WO2001070417A3 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
Family
ID=19771075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL2001/000245 WO2001070417A2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-03-26 | Method and apparatus for applying a material by means of electro hydro dynamic jetting |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU4485701A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001070417A2 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2183500A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-06-10 | Robillard Jean J A | Electrohydrodynamic formation of thin semiconductor film |
| WO1998003267A1 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-01-29 | Electrosols Ltd. | A dispensing device and method for forming material |
| US6027699A (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2000-02-22 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp. | Material forming apparatus using a directed droplet stream |
| WO2001027365A1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | The University Of Akron | Electrospun fibers and an apparatus therefor |
| WO2001062397A1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-08-30 | Advanced New Materials S.A. | Method and apparatus for spraying a material |
-
2001
- 2001-03-26 WO PCT/NL2001/000245 patent/WO2001070417A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-03-26 AU AU44857/01A patent/AU4485701A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2183500A (en) * | 1985-10-04 | 1987-06-10 | Robillard Jean J A | Electrohydrodynamic formation of thin semiconductor film |
| WO1998003267A1 (en) * | 1996-07-23 | 1998-01-29 | Electrosols Ltd. | A dispensing device and method for forming material |
| US6027699A (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2000-02-22 | Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp. | Material forming apparatus using a directed droplet stream |
| WO2001027365A1 (en) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | The University Of Akron | Electrospun fibers and an apparatus therefor |
| WO2001062397A1 (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-08-30 | Advanced New Materials S.A. | Method and apparatus for spraying a material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4485701A (en) | 2001-10-03 |
| WO2001070417A3 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
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