WO2001050799A2 - Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off between mobile switching centers - Google Patents
Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off between mobile switching centers Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001050799A2 WO2001050799A2 PCT/EP2001/000003 EP0100003W WO0150799A2 WO 2001050799 A2 WO2001050799 A2 WO 2001050799A2 EP 0100003 W EP0100003 W EP 0100003W WO 0150799 A2 WO0150799 A2 WO 0150799A2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/12—Reselecting a serving backbone network switching or routing node
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to coding in the field of communication systems and, more particularly, to handling the signaling for controlling transcoding when a connection is handed off between mobile switching centers (MSCs) in radiocommunication systems.
- MSCs mobile switching centers
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- TDMA time division multiple access
- RF radio frequency
- Telecommunication Industry Association TIA
- IS-54 and IS-136 that define various versions of digital advanced mobile phone service
- D-AMPS digital advanced mobile phone service
- DQPSK differential quadrature phase shift keying
- TDMA systems subdivide the available frequency into one or more RF channels.
- the RF channels are further divided into a number of physical channels corresponding to time slots in TDMA frames.
- Logical channels are formed of one or several physical channels where modulation and coding is specified.
- the mobile stations communicate with a plurality of scattered base stations by transmitting and receiving bursts of digital information over uplink and downlink RF channels.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- user bit rate corresponds to voice quality and/or data throughput, with a higher user bit rate producing better voice quality and/or higher data throughput.
- the total user bit rate is determined by a selected combination of techniques for speech coding, channel coding, modulation, and resource allocation, e.g. , for a TDMA system, this latter technique may refer to the number of assignable time slots per connection, for a CDMA system, this latter parameter may refer to the number of assignable codes per connection.
- Speech coding (or more generally “source coding”) techniques are used to compress the input information into a format which uses an acceptable amount of bandwidth but from which an intelligible output signal can be reproduced.
- Many different types of speech coding algorithms exist e.g. , residual excited linear predictive (RELP), regular-pulse excitation (RPE), etc., the details of which are not particularly relevant to this invention. More significant in this context is the fact that various speech coders have various output bit rates and that, as one would expect, speech coders having a higher output bit rate tend to provide greater consumer acceptance of their reproduced voice quality than those having a lower output bit rate.
- RELP residual excited linear predictive
- RPE regular-pulse excitation
- More significant in this context is the fact that various speech coders have various output bit rates and that, as one would expect, speech coders having a higher output bit rate tend to provide greater consumer acceptance of their reproduced voice quality than those having a lower output bit rate.
- PCM speech coding at 64 kbps
- FEC forward error correction
- ARQ automatic retransmission request
- FEC techniques include, for example, convolutional or block coding (collectively referred to herein as "channel coding") of the data prior to modulation.
- channel coding involves representing a certain number of data bits using a certain number of code bits.
- code rates e.g., 1/2 and 1/3, wherein the lower code rates provide greater error protection but lower user bit rates for a given channel bit rate.
- each of the techniques which impacted the user bit rate were fixed for any given radiocommunication system, or at least for the duration of a connection established by a radiocommunication system. That is, each system established connections that operated with one type of speech coding, one type of channel coding, one type of modulation and one resource allocation. More recently, however, dynamic adaptation of these techniques has become a popular method for optimizing system performance in the face of the numerous parameters which may vary rapidly over time, e.g., the radio propagation characteristics of radiocommunication channels, the loading of the system, the user's bit rate requirements, etc. This type of dynamic adaptation of coding techniques has been referred to in the GSM standard as adaptive multirate (AMR) communications. AMR techniques and the like are likely to be used in next generation radiocommunication systems, e.g., Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS).
- AMR adaptive multirate
- FIG. 1 depicts various nodes in a hybrid UMTS/GSM communication system 10.
- BSC base station controller
- the system 10 is designed as a hierarchical network with multiple levels for managing calls. Using a set of uplink and downlink frequencies, mobile stations 12 operating within the system 10 participate in calls using time slots allocated to them on these frequencies.
- a group of Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs) 14a-14c are responsible for the routing of calls from an originator to a destination. In particular, these entities are responsible for setup, control and terrnination of calls.
- MSCs 14a known as the gateway MSC, handles communication with a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 18, or other public and private networks.
- PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
- each of the MSCs 14a-14c are connected to a group of BSCs 16a-b (although the BSCs are only depicted for MSC 14b to simplify the figure) using, for example, PCM (pulse code modulated) links.
- the BSCs 16a-16b communicate with MSCs 14a-14c under a standard interface known as the A-interface, which is based on the Mobile Application Part (MAP) of CCITT Signaling System No. 7.
- MAP Mobile Application Part
- the BSCs are referred to as radio network controllers (RNCs) and communicate with the MSCs 14a-14c over a standard interface known as the Iu interface.
- RNCs radio network controllers
- each of the BSCs (RNCs) 16 controls a group of base transceiver stations (BTSs) 20.
- Each BTS 20 includes a number of TRXs (not shown) that use the uplink and downlink RF channels to serve a particular common geographical area, such as one or more communication cells 21.
- the BTSs 20 primarily provide the RF links for the transmission and reception of data bursts to and from the mobile stations 12 within their designated cell.
- the information transmitted on these RF links may be speech coded in various ways to enhance various aspects of communication over the air interface, which coding is controlled in conventional GSM systems by the responsible BSC.
- next generation systems e.g. , UMTS
- RNC radio network controller
- This shifting of responsibility leads to a number of problems regarding management of coding, particularly during handoffs of connections between MSCs. For example, it will be necessary to know which MSC, i.e., the serving (anchor) MSC or the target MSC, will control the transcoder. Additionally, it will be useful to define where the radio access network protocol is terminated and the format for signaling between the MSCs involved in the handoff to control coding parameters.
- exemplary embodiments of the present invention handle codec issues associated with inter-MSC handoff by determining at least one codec that is available in a target MSC, selecting, by an anchor MSC, one of the available codecs for handling the connection, signaling the target MSC with an indication of the selected codec, and informing the user equipment of the selected codec.
- Various exemplary embodiments perform these signaling steps in different ways.
- the determination of available codecs in the target MSC may (or may not) require signaling to ascertain the target MSCs codec capabilities. If such signaling is performed, mobile application part (MAP) protocol messages may be used.
- MAP mobile application part
- the signaling used to inform the target MSC of the selected codec may take any of a plurality of different forms.
- the selected codec information may be forwarded to the target MSC as a MAP message which is independent of another message wherein the radio access bearer (RAB) assignment is forwarded.
- the selected codec information can be passed to the target MSC using the same message by which the RAB is assigned.
- Different protocols e.g., radio access network application protocol
- RANAP base station system management application part
- BSSMAP base station system management application part
- signals informing the user's equipment of the selected codec can be provided in different forms.
- a call control message can be sent to the user's equipment identifying the selected codec so that it is prepared to properly process messages for transmission and reception after the inter-MSC handoff.
- an RANAP message identifying the RAB can also be used to convey selected codec information to the user equipment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary GSM communication system which advantageously uses the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart depicting a general set of steps for handling inter-MSC handoff according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention
- FIG.3 is a signaling/block diagram which depicts inter-MSC handoff signaling according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG.4 is a signaling/block diagram which depicts inter-MSC handoff signaling according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a signaling/block diagram which depicts inter-MSC handoff signaling according to yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b) depict protocol stacks for the control plane and user plane, respectively, for the exemplary embodiments of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a signaling/block diagram which depicts inter-MSC handoff signaling according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8(a) and 8(b) depict protocol stacks for the control plane and user plane, respectively, for the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7; and
- FIG. 9 is a signaling/block diagram which depicts inter-MSC handoff signaling according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- TDMA time division multiple access
- CDMA code division multiple access
- ETSI European Telecommunication Standard Institute
- UE user equipment
- a handoff procedure is initiated to provide the UE with continued service via a different portion of the fixed network.
- the best candidate base station for providing this continued service is controlled by a different (target) MSC than that which is currently controlling the UE's service, i.e., the anchor MSC, in which case the handoff can be referred to as an "inter-MSC" handoff.
- Various control signaling is performed in order to accomplish inter-MSC handoffs.
- the handling of codec control during inter-MSC handoff follows a number of steps as illustrated in Figure 2.
- the codecs available in the target MSC are determined.
- the codecs supported by the target MSC are administered by the anchor MSC.
- a message can be transmitted from the anchor MSC to the target MSC to request a supported codec list therefrom.
- These messages may be formatted as, for example, MAP messages since MAP messages will terminate in the target MSC.
- a codec selection is made to determine which codec in the target MSC shall be linked in to handle the connection once it has been handed off (step 102). This selection can be based on a comparison between the codec list associated with the target MSC and the codecs supported by the UE, the latter of which can be identified to the anchor MSC during call set-up.
- the call setup message (or call confirmation message) transmitted from the UE to the anchor MSC may include a GSM codec list and a UMTS codec list.
- Separate lists may be provided for each system in order to ensure unique codec identification, e.g., since AMR for GSM and AMR for UMTS may differ in rate adaptation and discontinuous transmission (DTX) modes.
- the UE may transmit a separate intersystem code handoff list which may include preferences for the codec selected during inter-MSC handoff described below. If the target MSC and the UE support more than one of the same codecs, then a selection from among the common codecs can be made based on preferences, e.g., either network preferences, UE preferences or some combination thereof. The particular mechanism by which a particular codec is selected for handling the connection after the handoff is beyond the scope of this discussion.
- step 104 After a codec is selected for use in the target MSC, the target MSC needs to be informed of that selection in step 104 so that it can link in the selected codec to handle the connection once it is handed off. Likewise, at step 106, the UE needs to be informed of the codec selection so that it can employ the appropriate codec post-handoff .
- steps 104 and 106 can be performed in any temporal order including simultaneously. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that steps 100-106 illustrated in
- Figure 2 can be implemented in many different ways depending, for example, upon network topologies and which systems, e.g., GSM and/or UMTS, are involved in the inter-MSC handoff process.
- a handoff between two MSCs which operate in accordance with the UMTS standard.
- a UE 300 needs a handoff (relocation required by RNC) due to, for example, a change in position relative to a serving RNC 302 or base station (not shown) associated therewith.
- a relocation request is communicated through to the anchor MSC 304 which then begins, among other tasks, to coordinate the codec transition to the new (target) MSC 306.
- the anchor MSC 304 administers the codecs in the target MSC 306, such that no signaling needs to be performed between the two MSCs to establish the codec capability of the target MSC 306 prior to a selection being made.
- the anchor MSC 304 can, therefore, make its codec selection based upon its a priori knowledge of the codecs available in the target MSC 306, UE 300 and preferences.
- the anchor MSC 304 informs the target MSC 306 and UE 300 of the selection using different mechanisms.
- the anchor MSC 304 sends a BSSMAP Prepare Handover Request Message which includes, as a parameter, the preferred speech version over a synchronous transfer mode (STM) link 308.
- STM synchronous transfer mode
- BSSMAP is the acronym for Base Station System Management Application Part which identifies a protocol which is used over the A-interface.
- BSSMAP protocols are directed to the published standard GSM 08.08: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Mobile Switching Centre - Base Station System (MSC-BSS) interface Layer 3 specification, " the disclosure of which is incorporated here by reference, for more information.
- the BSSMAP message may also inform the target MSC 306 which radio access bearer (RAB) is requested for the new connection.
- RAB radio access bearer
- the target MSC 306 provides the relevant RNC 310 with a Relocation Request over the Iu interface to alert it to its responsibilities for the handoff of UE 300 thereto.
- the target MSC 306 also acknowledges the PrepareHandover Request message to the anchor MSC 304.
- the anchor MS 304 sends a call control (CC) message informing the UE 300 of the selected codec.
- CC call control
- the inter-MSC handoff occurs from a UMTS network to a GSM network.
- similar reference numerals are used to refer to similar functional units as set forth above with respect to Figure 3.
- the target MSC 306 coordinates with a target BSC 400 which contains the transcoder unit (TRAU) to be used to support the UE 300 after the handoff.
- the selected codec information is passed from the target MSC 306 to the BSC 400 over the A-interface via a Handover Request message.
- the link 308 between -l ithe (GSM) target MSC 306 and the (UMTS) anchor MSC 304 can either be an STM link or an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) link.
- step 100 of Figure 2 is performed by sending a MAP message requesting that the supported codecs be identified over the STM link 308 and receiving a MAP response indicating those supported codecs so that the anchor MSC 304 can then select a codec, e.g. , by comparison to a list supplied by UE 300 and preferences, for the handoff.
- the anchor MSC 304 sends a MAP message indicating the selected codec to the target MSC 306.
- the signaling associated with the selected codec in this embodiment is separate from the signaling relocation request signaling, which permits the relocation request signaling to be codec independent. This, in turn, provides for a clear separation of functionality as MAP signalling is used in both GSM and UMTS systems and terminates in the target MSC.
- the embodiment of Figure 5 employs the RANAP protocol for transmitting the relocation request message, as opposed to the BSSMAP protocol employed in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 3.
- RANAP is the acronym for Radio Access Network Application Protocol which identifies the protocol defined for use over the lu interface between UMTS MSCs and RNCs to maintain links there between.
- RANAP signaling in general, the interested reader is directed to the published standard 3 GPP 25.413: "lu interface RANAP signaling," the disclosure of which is incorporated here by reference.
- FIG. 3-5 The embodiments of Figures 3-5 are depicted using signaling diagrams and functional block units. However, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the choice of signaling protocols used to perform codec handling during inter-MSC handoff according to the present invention can also be described using protocol stacks.
- the resulting protocol stacks after handoff from the anchor MSC 304 to the target MSC 306 (with an STM link there between) are illustrated in Figures 6(a) and 6(b) for the control plane and user plane, respectively.
- a non-access stratum (NAS) container can be used to covey the chosen codec information from the MSC to the UE.
- NAS non-access stratum
- ATM need not be terminated in the target MSC 306 and compressed speech, for example, can be passed transparently through the target MSC 306 to the anchor MSC 304.
- transcoding need not necessarily be performed in the target MSC 306 and, instead, can be performed in the anchor MSC 304.
- Figure 7 illustrates an inter-MSC handoff using an ATM link.
- the signaling used to perform the inter-MSC handoff is similar as that described above and illustrated in Figure 5, with the exception that there is no need to inform the target MSC 306 of the selected codec, since the same codec in the anchor MSC 304 is used both pre- and post-handoff.
- the target MSC 306 is transparent on the user plane and is used only for performing RANAP control signaling.
- Figures 7, 8(a) and 8(b) provides certain advantages, e.g., compressed speech through to anchor MSC and continued use of the same codec after handoff, that the techniques described above with respect to Figures 3-5 can also be used in circumstances where ATM links exist between the relevant MSCs.
- Figure 9 depicts yet another example of signaling between various units associated with inter-MSC handoff according to the present invention.
- the UE 300 's codec lists are forwarded to the system during call setup.
- the target MSC is interrogated via MAP signaling for its list of supported/available codecs, after which the anchor selects a codec for the handoff.
- the UE and the target MSC are informed of the selection via various MAP and/or RANAP signaling as shown.
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01907398T ATE550895T1 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2001-01-02 | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE TRANSCODING OF CONNECTIONS FORWARDED BETWEEN MOBILE CHANGES |
EP01907398A EP1245128B1 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2001-01-02 | Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off between mobile switching centers |
AU35388/01A AU3538801A (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2001-01-02 | Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off betweenmobile switching centers |
CA002395312A CA2395312C (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2001-01-02 | Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off between mobile switching centers |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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US17416500P | 2000-01-03 | 2000-01-03 | |
US60/174,165 | 2000-01-03 | ||
US09/742,396 US6810256B2 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2000-12-22 | Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off between mobile switching centers |
US09/742,396 | 2000-12-22 |
Publications (2)
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WO2001050799A2 true WO2001050799A2 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
WO2001050799A3 WO2001050799A3 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
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PCT/EP2001/000003 WO2001050799A2 (en) | 2000-01-03 | 2001-01-02 | Method and system for handling the transcoding of connections handed off between mobile switching centers |
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US (2) | US6810256B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1245128B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1196375C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE550895T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3538801A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2395312C (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001050799A2 (en) |
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2000
- 2000-12-22 US US09/742,396 patent/US6810256B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-02 WO PCT/EP2001/000003 patent/WO2001050799A2/en active Application Filing
- 2001-01-02 EP EP01907398A patent/EP1245128B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-02 AT AT01907398T patent/ATE550895T1/en active
- 2001-01-02 AU AU35388/01A patent/AU3538801A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-01-02 CN CNB018034403A patent/CN1196375C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-02 CN CNB2004100789837A patent/CN1328927C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-02 CA CA002395312A patent/CA2395312C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-09-14 US US10/940,102 patent/US7558573B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
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US5608779A (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1997-03-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Method for communications between mobile units using single and multiple switching center configurations |
US5999817A (en) * | 1994-11-09 | 1999-12-07 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Method for performing encoding in a cellular network |
US5577029A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1996-11-19 | Interwave Communications | Cellular communication network having intelligent switching nodes |
WO1997023110A1 (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-26 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Inter-msc handover in high-speed data transmission |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2461684A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2010-01-13 | Vodafone Plc | Transmitting communication mode information between network elements |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1592486A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
CA2395312C (en) | 2005-12-27 |
EP1245128A2 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
CN1394455A (en) | 2003-01-29 |
AU3538801A (en) | 2001-07-16 |
CN1328927C (en) | 2007-07-25 |
US20050030923A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
WO2001050799A3 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
ATE550895T1 (en) | 2012-04-15 |
US7558573B2 (en) | 2009-07-07 |
CN1196375C (en) | 2005-04-06 |
EP1245128B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
US6810256B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 |
US20020009997A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
CA2395312A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
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