WO2001032320A1 - An improved combinatorial testing method and apparatus for coat material formulations and methods - Google Patents
An improved combinatorial testing method and apparatus for coat material formulations and methods Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001032320A1 WO2001032320A1 PCT/US2000/029990 US0029990W WO0132320A1 WO 2001032320 A1 WO2001032320 A1 WO 2001032320A1 US 0029990 W US0029990 W US 0029990W WO 0132320 A1 WO0132320 A1 WO 0132320A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/508—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above
- B01L3/5085—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates
- B01L3/50853—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes rigid containers not provided for above for multiple samples, e.g. microtitration plates with covers or lids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/505—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes flexible containers not provided for above
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/002—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/065—After-treatment
- B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating
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- G01N33/26—Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
- G01N33/32—Paints; inks
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- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00279—Features relating to reactor vessels
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- B01J2219/00315—Microtiter plates
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- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00479—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels
- B01J2219/00481—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels by the use of moving stirrers within the reaction vessels
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- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
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- B01J2219/00614—Delimitation of the attachment areas
- B01J2219/00621—Delimitation of the attachment areas by physical means, e.g. trenches, raised areas
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- B01J2219/00632—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface
- B01J2219/00637—Introduction of reactive groups to the surface by coating it with another layer
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- B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
- B01J2219/00756—Compositions, e.g. coatings, crystals, formulations
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- B01L2400/0409—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces centrifugal forces
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- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
- G01N35/04—Details of the conveyor system
- G01N2035/0401—Sample carriers, cuvettes or reaction vessels
- G01N2035/0418—Plate elements with several rows of samples
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- G01N35/02—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations
- G01N35/028—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a plurality of sample containers moved by a conveyor system past one or more treatment or analysis stations having reaction cells in the form of microtitration plates
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to methods and apparatus for identification and optimization of coating materials and properties for desired applications. More specifically, the invention relates to an improved process of creating coatings, involving identifying candidate materials and screening and optimizing formulations and coating parameters for desired applications.
- coating materials for example adhesive coatings, release coats, protective coatings, and the like as well as films and laminate constructions of layered materials, has conventionally been a time consuming and labor intensive process.
- Candidate materials are identified primarily based on knowledge and experience with what compositions have worked before in related applications and investigating like materials and combinations of materials. This usually involves preparing a coating formulation, preparing a test coating for evaluation (often involving several tries to attain the desired parameters such as coat weight, cure. etc. for evaluation), drying or otherwise curing the coating, then evaluating the coating by testing the property of interest, such as permeability, tack, shear and bending strength, surface roughness, etc., and entering the results in a database for comparison with further coatings to be developed and tested.
- the property of interest such as permeability, tack, shear and bending strength, surface roughness, etc.
- Holdover effects result in the contamination of one candidate coating material due to residual coating material remaining in the coat dispensing apparatus and/or coat-receiving substrate from a prior test coating material. Contamination as a result of holdover effects are generally additive and provide a level of error in coat formulation that is difficult to control. It is therefore preferable, especially when the volume of coating material to be tested is small, to use a coating method that either eliminates or significantly reduces holdover effects. Use of a disposable method for dispensing as well as receiving the test coat material would eliminate problems associated with holdover effects.
- a variety of methods for coating desired substrates or materials are available and include spin coating, die coating and non-contact jet coating methods.
- Spin coating is a technique commonly used in the field of electronics where the coat material is dispensed onto a desired surface by centrifugal force (spinning).
- the coatweights resulting from this method are limited to very thin coatings and there is a significant loss of material during the coating process.
- die and jetting nozzle costs prohibit their modification to disposable units.
- an inexpensive, efficient and disposable method for testing a large number of coating materials has not been known. While many significant advances in coating technology have been made in recent years. acceleration of the rate at which coating materials can be identified, screened, investigated and optimized will be recognized as a desirable goal by those skilled in the an.
- An object of the invention is to provide a multi-well apparatus for making arrays of coating materials.
- Such arrays are suitable for analysis and may comprise a disposable two-layer assembly where the first layer contains a plurality of wells and the second layer is a substrate layer. Both layers can be flexible, with the second or bottom layer being detachable from the overlying first layer.
- Such an apparatus can be made of disposable material, thus providing a cost-effective, efficient and reliable means of testing numerous formulations of coating material.
- the invention also provides a method of developing a new coating having a desired performance characteristic with regard to a property of a coating, comprising: a) providing an array of coating wells, b) placing a coating material having the known parameter in each coating well, varying the parameter so as to provide a plurality of coatings having different parameter values in a plurality of coating wells; c) correlating the value of the parameter for the coatings deposited in each of the plurality of coating wells with the position of the coating well in the array, whereby a parameter value is associated with each coating well position in the array; d) applying a leveling force to the array of wells to level the coating material in the coating wells; and e) testing the coatings in the array to analyze the relationship between the position in the array and performance with regard to the property of the coating material, whereby the value of the parameter can be correlated to the performance of the coating with regard to the property of the coating.
- FIG. 3 is a top view of an example of a well plate usable in one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an example of a well plate having a removable well bottom, comprising a substrate to which sample coatings are applied, usable in one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another example of a well plate having a removable well bottom comprising a substrate to which sample coatings are applied, usable in one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 10a is a is a perspective view of an example of a vertical centrifuge with a horizontal axis of rotation, usable in one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10b is a perspective view of an example of a centrifuge usable in another embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 1 is a perspective view of an example of a swing arm centrifuge rotor assembly usable in one embodiment of the invention, showing the assembly loaded with well plates;
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an example of a 96- well plate usable in one embodiment of the invention
- FIG 13 is a perspective view of a vertical centrifuge with an attached ultraviolet light source usable in one embodiment of the invention
- FIG 14b is a schematic frontal view of a vertical centrifuge with mounted mirror.
- the term "combinatorial” refers to the combined approach of high-throughput analysis of libraries consisting of arrays of coat material formulations. Included in the high- throughput analysis are automated or robotic processing of the sample arrays. Combinatorial methods have been used in the medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries to develop chemical compositions, particularly pharmaceuticals and medicaments, for a number of years. However, these prior combinatorial methods have not been well suited to development of new coatings. Applicants herein provide techniques for generating arrays of coating formulations, well suited to the application of combinatorial chemistry methods. These techniques allow new coatings to be screened and evaluated on a high throughput basis, in order to produce new coatings economically.
- a system 10 in accordance with principles of the invention comprises a method of developing new coatings by means of a combinatorial approach.
- a first step 12 is to define what end result coating is desired, and what characteristics and qualities such a coating will have.
- a new material, or a new construction of several materials, such as a laminate for example, comprising new and/or conventional materials combined in a novel way may be required.
- Each library is comprised of one or more arrays of variations of materials to be tested.
- Each individual site in an array will correspond to a specific formulation of a coat material, wherein the parameter or coat descriptor(s) of the material located at that site is known.
- Miniaturization of the sample size facilitates processing and greatly saves cost and time thereby increasing efficiency and the rate of discovery.
- the end result is discovery and determination of the most successful new material(s) and the process or parameters used to produce the new materials. These materials are then selected for large scale production and commercialization 24.
- the combinatorial approach to development and testing of novel coat materials greatly benefits from use of devices and apparatus that allow flat coating samples in the arrays or within wells in the arrays. Additional embodiments encompassing such devices and apparatus are included in the present invention and further described below.
- holdover is defined as the volume of material that is residual in a cavity after it is emptied and could contaminate the next batch of material deposited into the cavity.
- the potential for holdover increases. For example, tubes, pipette tips, material dispensers and such all have potential holdover volumes.
- the contamination is also a function of the rheological nature or viscosity of the material that is deposited into the cavity. Holdover effects in traditional methods of developing coating materials greatly increases the level of error, compromising the identification of correct parameters of a new coat material.
- a disposable dispensing device 25 (FIG. 2) and a disposable substrate assembly (formatted as a multi-well apparatus) 26. both of which are further described below.
- substrate is defined as any coat-receiving surface or material, or a substance upon which a sample coat material resides which allows the testing of that sample.
- a "substrate assembly” is a composite of materials formed into a unit or apparatus for holding a large number of different coating samples in an array format (FIG. 3).
- An "array format” as used herein, is a matrix format where the samples of coating material are arranged as discrete coated areas 31 on a surface, such as a planar surface. For example, a 48- well coating array (FIG. 3) would have 48 discrete coated areas arranged as 6 rows 27 and 8 columns 28.
- Such multi-well plates can vary in size of plate dimension, size of well (outer circumference as well as well-depth), type of material used to construct the multi-well plate (for example, polystyrene or polypropylene, rigid plastic or flexible plastic).
- the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry utilizes multi-well plates (generally 48-, 96- or 256-well plates) whose outer dimensions are standardized for use with robotic dispensers.
- standardized multi-well plates are rectangular, rigid, stackable plates with right edges of the top or lid portion being curved 29.
- the outside dimensions of a complete multi-well unit are approximately 5 x 3.25 inches.
- Such multi-well plates are suitable for use in the present invention.
- the well size used should be of substantial volume so as to allow adequate robotic mixing of the required or needed amount of each formulation without drying up of the solutions contained in the wells.
- Robotic, automated mixing of the formulations can be achieved by utilizing commercially available positioning equipment, such as Asymtek's x.y.z. coordinate motion equipment.
- a mixing apparatus that drives a microblade attachment.
- the microblade consists of mixing blades that when placed into the appropriate mixing well and spun by the mixing apparatus, mixes the components of the formulations.
- This microblade may be disposable or washed and reused.
- a well volume of .5 to 3 cubic centimeters in volume is contemplated for use in the present invention.
- the minimum quantity or volume of sample to be mixed in a "mother" wellplate will vary depending upon the desired coating thickness, domain size and formulation of the coating solution.
- a “mother” well plate is defined as a source well plate.
- a 25 micron thick coating that is 1 cm " in domain size with a coating solution that is 50% solids will require (1 cm " x 25 microns / 0.5) volume units or 0.0050 cc of solution.
- Domain size refers to the minimum area required for the coated sample as determined by downstream testing. The appropriate volume of individual formulations from this mother well plate can then be dispensed to a sample or "daughter" well plate to make a coating with the desired domain size for subsequent analysis and data collection. It should be understood, that alternative embodiments include use of a single well plate as both the mother and daughter well plate.
- a disposable metering device can be used to dispense the formulations from a mother well plate to a daughter well plate.
- a robotic dispenser available commercially for example, from Hamilton Zinser Packard ( FIG. 2) ( FIG. 2) is one such device. Robotic dispensers allow for rapid and automated dispensing of a specified quantity of a large number of samples.
- the well plate format to be used for the daughter well plate will also depend on the domain size requirement of the coating. For example, a 6-, 12-, 24-, 48-, 96-. or 384- well plate format are commercially available formats which can be used in the present invention with the commercially available robotic dispensers.
- the robotic dispenser will have a platform area upon which the substrate well plates reside (FIG. 2; "A").
- a robotic device can also be used for mixing as well as dispensing component materials for the sample coating formulation to be tested.
- a robotic device can also be used for mixing as well as dispensing component materials for the sample coating formulation to be tested.
- Such a device could have multiple dispensing units 30 from which specific and precise amount of an individual component is dispensed into a single well.
- the sample solution can be dispensed using disposable pipette tips 30b attached to the pipettors 30c.
- a separate dispensing unit for each component can be used to dispense the appropriate amount of a respective component into a single sample well.
- Such a dispensing unit can be disposable which will allow rapid and accurate automation of the combinatorial method for formulating or synthesizing a new coating with elimination of holdup or contamination problems.
- disposable dispensing units include, polyethylene or other type of tubing and disposable pipette tips.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a multi-well plate depicting the array format useful in the invention. Coating material samples are placed within the apertured. multi-well template top 47.
- Such multi-well plates will form an array 41 or library format of the different formulations as discrete coated areas 40 on a planar substrate sheet 42.
- a multi-well plate with a removable top or cover can also be used as a well plate assembly.
- An example of such a multi- well plate design is shown in FIG. 7.
- the well plate design can also include modifications to the well plate to prevent distribution of coating material onto the inner walls of the wells. For example, a release coating can be applied to the inner walls 43 of the wells to prevent any sample material from moving up and onto the well walls during application of a leveling force.
- An additional embodiment of the present invention includes multi-well plates designed to obtain flat coatings in all of the wells of assembly.
- Current commercially available multi-well plates have a flat-bottom surface for the entire plate. This results in an uneven distribution of sample material in the wells located along the perimeter of the multi-well plate 68 when current swing arm type of centrifuge rotors 70 are used to apply a leveling force.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a modified multi-well plate designed to obtain flat coatings in all of the wells.
- Such a well plate will have a curved base plate 44 where the curvature of this base is parallel to the circumference of the centrifuge rotor, or is curved so as to substantially match the curvature of the curvilinear path of the well plate during centrifugation.
- sample material or coating solutions in all of the wells, including perimeter wells 45 will be at the same distance from the spin axis of the centrifuge.
- coating material in all of the wells will have a flat distribution following centrifugation.
- the top view of such a multi-well plate can be as depicted in FIG. 5.
- a flexible substrate and apertured well plate may be employed to provide a multi-well plate of curved configuration when mounted in a curved rotor of a centrifuge.
- This flexible, apertured well plate may be constructed of materials that provide a tight , non-slip seal when placed upon the flexible, lower substrate. When such material is utilized for the top, well- forming portion of the well plate apparatus, no adhesive is necessary to secure this top to bottom portions of the well plate assembly.
- the wells in which the coating samples are placed are leak- proof.
- Such an apertured well plate can be made of silicone rubber; and pressure sensitive adhesive is not required to sealingly attach the silicone well plate to the lower substrate surface.
- This top layer 46 can be coated with a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) (not shown) to attach it to the substrate layer 48. This will also help to seal the wells so that cross-contamination of sample coating material from one well does not mix with its neighbors.
- PSA Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
- the second layer is the substrate layer 48 and can be formed of a variety of materials, such as plastic, polymeric resin or paper, so long as it will hold the sample coating material 50 in a flattened manner. The second layer will preferably be 1 to 100 microns, or 1 to 10 mm, or 1 to 5 cm in thickness.
- the third layer is a Pressure Sensitive Adhesive layer (PSA) 52.
- the PSA layer 52 can be 5 to 30 ⁇ m , or .005 to .03 mm. or .0005 to .003 cm in thickness depending upon the type of adhesive and degree of adhesion desired.
- the fourth layer is a liner 54 coated with a release layer such as silicone, which can be removed or peeled away from the PSA layer 52 leaving the adhesive on the bottom of the substrate layer as the new bottom layer.
- This type of multi-well plate design is suitable for example, where the stickiness or tackiness of a coating material is to be tested. In such a case, it is desirable to have an array library which will remain stationary or adhere to a support surface by the PSA layer 52 while each individual coating sample is tested. Use of the PSA 52 on the layer 48 will allow the array library to remain stationary and not lift up during testing.
- the of multi-well plates described above with coating samples placed within their wells can be covered.
- This covering may be comprised of different materials in order to vary the coating sample ' s exposure to the conditions within the centrifuge during centrifugation and curing. Samples may also be covered so that drying times may be varied, according to user preference.
- Such coverings can include paper or other materials. For example, Whatman filter paper of varying thickness can be utilized to vary the drying or curing time of coating samples in the multi-well plates.
- a leveling force as used herein, is defined as any force sufficient to cause a sample or coat material to distribute evenly and flatly onto a substrate. A leveling force will also remove any residual air bubbles present within the sample coat formulation.
- a variety of leveling forces are contemplated for use in the present invention including, for example, use of centrifugal force, use of a vacuum or negative pressure force, use of an electrostatic force, or use of a magnetic force. In the case where magnetic leveling force is used, the test coat formulation will contain magnetic particles, powder, or a compound such as ferrite.
- a leveling force need not be limited to single-coat assessments. Where the processing of a multi-layer construction of coat material is desired, a leveling force can be repeatedly applied following dispensing of individual layers of a coat to be tested. The final array obtained will be a planar sheet containing discrete areas in a grid format of multi-layer coat formulations.
- FIG. 10b shows an example of a centrifuge that can be used for applying a leveling force to a multi-well plate.
- Such swing arm-type centrifuges with multi-well plate holders (FIG. 11) are available commercially (for example, VWR Scientific, "MicroPlus GH 3.8 rotor centrifuge).
- the rotor for use in such a centrifuge is designed so as to hold an even number of multi-well plate assemblies.
- the multi-well plate assemblies 68 are loaded into the rotor 70 in an upright or horizontal position. During centrifugation. the plates are directed into a vertical position which then levels or flattens the sample formulations onto the substrate layer.
- the assembly is placed in a swing-arm centrifuge and the coatings are spun at controlled speeds so as to form a flat coating within each well 64.
- a 10-min. spin at 2000 rpm will be sufficient to evenly distribute the coat materials within each well.
- the coating samples may be subjected to curing during their centrifugation.
- a centrifuge which has been modified to hold circulating hot air or other gas which will aid in the evaporation of carrier solvents in the coating formulations is also contemplated for use in the present invention and is diagrammed schematically in FIG. 9.
- the hot air 66 circulating over the formulations during centrifugation aids in the curing of the coating by heat or evaporation of volatiles or solvents.
- Curing the coat samples during their centrifugation may also be achieved by exposing the samples to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, filament heaters as well as other methods.
- UV radiation ultraviolet
- filament heaters as well as other methods.
- a UV "crawler" 80 is mounted inside the drum portion 81 of the vertical centrifuge.
- a mirror may be placed inside the "drum " 81 of the vertical centrifuge and the UV source 90 located externally with a reflector 92. If the mirror 85 is stationary, the samples 94 will be exposed to the reflected UV beam 96 intermittently during rotation, as described previously.
- the mirror may also be configured as to rotate with the drum, to direct UV beams at a stationary location on the "drum " wall where samples would be placed and receive continuous UV exposure.
- these mounting configurations may be adapted to mount other sources of radiation, such as microwave, infrared , filament heaters as well as others, either within the centrifuge or externally. This setup, combined with the fact that shape differences are minimized during centrifugation. provides a more uniform sample array for testing new coating formulas.
- Centrifuges can also be modified so as to vary other additional parameters during the centrifugation and curing of coat samples.
- the centrifuges can be manufactured so as to have a tight, sealable. and enclosed atmosphere wherein samples undergoing centrifugation and curing are exposed to various atmospheres or gases such as nitrogen, for example.
- atmospheres or gases such as nitrogen, for example.
- ambient pressure inside such an apparatus may also be varied according to user preference. Applied vacuums, in addition to their effects on sample curing, will also result in more efficient spinning of the centrifuge rotors.
- devices used to provide alternative methods of applying a leveling force can also be modified so as to simultaneously cure the coat formulations.
- an apparatus utilizing a vacuum or electrostatic force as the leveling force can be modified to circulate hot air and include alternate arrangements for curing
- the above methods provide an array 40 of coating materials with each site in the grid array containing a coat material having a known parameter which differs from parameter values of the materials contained on the other sites (FIG 1 ; step 16). With this array, the plurality of coating materials can each be tested for performance of each coating. Because the parameter value of the coating contained at each site is known, the value of a parameter associated with a desired performance of a coating can be determined. All information obtained by this high throughput analysis screening a coat material library are then entered into a database. From this database identification of the most successful new coat materials and the parameters and descriptors used to produce them is achieved (FIG. 1, step 23). Such a database will also serve as a storage library to aid in the formulation of future parameters to characterize the coatings.
- the emulsion polymer formulation used was S-2000.
- S-2000 is a nondispersable emulsion acrylic polymer manufactured by Avery Dennison Corporation. Pasadena CA in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 5.221,706.
- a 96-well plate obtained from Polytronics was used as a daughter well plate. The well plate remained flat during centrifugation. Each well contained an equivalent sample material formulation for determination of coat weight.
- This example demonstrates the utility of using a multi-well plate combined with a leveling force for high-throughput analysis of specific parameters or characteristics of coat material formulations in an individualized manner.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU14471/01A AU1447101A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | An improved combinatorial testing method and apparatus for coat material formulations and methods |
EP00976736A EP1242192A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | An improved combinatorial testing method and apparatus for coat material formulations and methods |
JP2001534517A JP2003513257A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | Improved combination test method and apparatus for coating material formulation and method |
US09/860,197 US7448258B2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-17 | High throughput screening for moisture barrier characteristics of materials |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US16234999P | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | |
US60/162,349 | 1999-10-29 |
Related Child Applications (2)
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PCT/US2000/029854 Continuation-In-Part WO2001033211A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | An apparatus for high-throughput production of coat material arrays, and analytical methods using such arrays |
US09/860,197 Continuation-In-Part US7448258B2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-17 | High throughput screening for moisture barrier characteristics of materials |
Publications (2)
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WO2001032320A1 true WO2001032320A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
WO2001032320A9 WO2001032320A9 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
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PCT/US2000/029990 WO2001032320A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | An improved combinatorial testing method and apparatus for coat material formulations and methods |
PCT/US2000/029854 WO2001033211A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | An apparatus for high-throughput production of coat material arrays, and analytical methods using such arrays |
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PCT/US2000/029854 WO2001033211A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-30 | An apparatus for high-throughput production of coat material arrays, and analytical methods using such arrays |
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EP (2) | EP1234173A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003513257A (en) |
AU (2) | AU1245401A (en) |
WO (2) | WO2001032320A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
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EP1243409A2 (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2002-09-25 | Agfa-Gevaert | Combinatorial coating for developing novel materials |
WO2002093137A1 (en) * | 2001-05-17 | 2002-11-21 | Avery Dennison Corporation | High throughput screening for moisture barrier characteristics of materials |
WO2003058216A1 (en) * | 2002-01-14 | 2003-07-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for analysing blushing in dispersion films |
WO2003069322A2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Device and method for simultaneously testing the action of liquids (e.g. detergents or anti-corrosive agents on surface structures (e.g. textiles or sheet metal) and use of said device |
EP1381857A2 (en) * | 2001-03-23 | 2004-01-21 | Transform Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method and system for planning, performing, and assessing high-throughput screening of multicomponent chemical compositions and solid forms of compounds |
WO2004008107A1 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2004-01-22 | Hexal Pharma Gmbh | Receiving device for samples |
WO2004010147A1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-01-29 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas | Rotary support and apparatus used for the multiple spectroscopic characterisation of samples of solid materials |
WO2004073048A2 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2004-08-26 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for forming films on substrates |
EP1464723A2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-06 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Thermal barrier coating having nano scale features |
US6881363B2 (en) | 2001-12-07 | 2005-04-19 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | High throughput preparation and analysis of materials |
US11112415B2 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2021-09-07 | Quanterix Corporation | Systems, devices, and methods for ultra-sensitive detection of molecules or particles |
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US20030134033A1 (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2003-07-17 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Combinatorial screening/testing apparatus and method |
WO2003028878A1 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-10 | Dynametrix Limited | Methods and means for creating arrays |
JP3978500B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2007-09-19 | 国立大学法人埼玉大学 | Injection and transfer methods for various types of micro samples |
JP4706389B2 (en) * | 2005-08-23 | 2011-06-22 | 東亞合成株式会社 | Preparation method and evaluation method of active energy ray-curable composition |
EP2929939A1 (en) * | 2014-04-07 | 2015-10-14 | Yantai AusBio Laboratories Co., Ltd. | Microplate |
JP2020150229A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2020-09-17 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | Light-emitting device and manufacturing method thereof |
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- 2000-10-30 WO PCT/US2000/029990 patent/WO2001032320A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-30 AU AU12454/01A patent/AU1245401A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-30 WO PCT/US2000/029854 patent/WO2001033211A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US7448258B2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2008-11-11 | Avery Dennison Corporation | High throughput screening for moisture barrier characteristics of materials |
EP1243409A2 (en) * | 2000-05-01 | 2002-09-25 | Agfa-Gevaert | Combinatorial coating for developing novel materials |
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EP1464723A2 (en) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-10-06 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Thermal barrier coating having nano scale features |
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US11112415B2 (en) | 2011-01-28 | 2021-09-07 | Quanterix Corporation | Systems, devices, and methods for ultra-sensitive detection of molecules or particles |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU1447101A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
EP1234173A4 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
WO2001033211A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
WO2001032320A9 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
EP1234173A1 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
EP1242192A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 |
JP2003513257A (en) | 2003-04-08 |
AU1245401A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
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