WO2000071549A1

WO2000071549A1 - Thiazoloderivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them

Info

Publication number: WO2000071549A1
Application number: PCT/EP2000/004279
Authority: WO
Inventors: Paul Andrew Brough; Sharon Crawford Cheetham; Frank Kerrigan; John Paul Watts
Original assignee: Knoll Gmbh
Priority date: 1999-05-21
Filing date: 2000-05-11
Publication date: 2000-11-30
Also published as: AU5065700A; CZ20014171A3; EP1178993A1; PL352282A1; TR200200164T2; GB9911863D0; NO20015667D0; CA2374926A1; ZA200110022B; KR20020033626A; JP2003500410A; SK16852001A3; CN1361783A; NO20015667L; BR0010827A; IL146540A0; MXPA01011895A; HUP0201376A2; BG106227A

Abstract

Compounds of formula (I); processes to prepare such compounds; compositions containing such compounds and their use in the treatment of depression, anxiety, psychoses (for examples schizophrenia), tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischaemia, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, stress, and their use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage and as an aid to smoking cessation; are described.

Description

THIAZOLODERIVATTVES AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM

The present invention relates to certain novel substituted dihydroimidazo[2,1- £>]thiazole and dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine compounds which have affinity for 5-HT_1A receptors and which inhibit neuronal reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and/or noradrenaline, to processes for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of depression, anxiety, psychoses (for example schizophrenia), tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive- compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, stress, as an aid to smoking cessation and in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage.

WO 98/41528 discloses that compounds of formula A

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the form of individual enantiomers, racemates, or other mixtures of enantiomers, in which:

Ar is phenyl, naphthyl or benzo[ό]thiophenyl, each of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) a phenoxy group optionally substituted by one or more halo or f) phenyl optionally substituted by one or more halo;

Ri and R₂ , which may be the same or different, independently are a) H, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, c) an alkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, d) a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, e) a cycloalkylmethyl group in which the ring contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms, f) an aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from i) halo, ii) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iii) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iv) an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, g) an arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl group in which the alkyl chain contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms and in which the aryl or heteroaryl group may optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selected from i) halo, ii) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iii) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iv) an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo; or F^ and R₂ form an alkylene chain optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, such that, together with the atoms to which they are attached, they form a 5 or 6 membered ring,

R₃ is a) H, b) an aryl or heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from i) halo, ii) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iii) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iv) an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an arylmethyl group in which the aryl is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from i) halo, ii) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iii) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, iv) an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo; or d) an alkoxyalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms; and

R and R₅ , which may be the same or different, independently are an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R₄ and R₅ together with the atom to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl ring containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms;

are useful in the treatment of depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, obesity, cognitive disorders, seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy, and as neuroprotective agents to protect against conditions such as stroke. The compounds of the present invention are not disclosed or suggested in this document. Sharpe C.J and Shadbolt R.S. (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1971 , Vol 14 No.10, p977-982) disclose certain dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole compounds having antidepressant activity. However, the document also states that these compounds were generally less active and more toxic than the imidazolines also disclosed in the document. The compounds of the present invention are not disclosed or suggested in this document.

WO 97/02269 discloses that compounds of formula B

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

A is S(O)_p or O; p is 0, 1 or 2; g is O, 1 , 2, 3, or 4; n is 2 or 3; is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R-, being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4; R₂, R₃ and R independently are H or an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo; and

R₅ is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, m) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or n) H ;

have affinity for 5-HT-ι_A receptors and inhibit neuronal reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine and/or noradrenaline. These compounds are stated to be useful in the treatment of CNS disorders. However, these compounds exhibit activity as monoamine oxidase inhibitors and/or have affinity for other receptors, for example muscarinic receptors, and are therefore likely to cause undesired side effects. Surprisingly the present invention provides compounds with unexpectedly superior selectivity and efficacy. The compounds of the present invention are not disclosed or suggested in WO 97/02269 .

US4, 160,768 discloses that 3-(2-benzofuranyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 - ύjthiazole is useful as an anti-inflammatory agent. This document does not disclose or suggest the compounds of the present invention.

The present invention provides compounds of Formula I

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

A is S or O;

g is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;

n is 2 or 3;

R-i is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R^ being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4;

R₂ and R₃ are each H ;

R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an α-hydroxy(2- Cι_₃alkoxyphenyl)methyl group, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, a hydroxycycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a Ca^al ynyialkoxyC_Lsalkyl group, a C₄.₇cycloalkylalkoxyCι_₃aIkyl group, a

group, a d.₃aIkoxy group, a C_A3alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a d.₆ alkanoyl group, a C₃.₆ alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, cyano, halo, a d^alkyliminomethyl group, a C-_\. ₄alkylaminoalkyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group ;

R₅ is H or halo.

In a preferred aspect the present invention provides compounds of Formula I

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

A is S or O;

g is O, 1 , 2, 3, or 4;

n is 2 or 3;

Ri is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R-i being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4;

R₂ and R₃ are each H ; R represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, a hydroxycycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a Cι.₃alkoxyC-|.₃alkyl group, a Cι.₃alkylthioCι.₃alkyl group, a C^alkoxy group, a C^salkylthio group, a Cι_₆ alkanoyl group, halo, a C^alkyliminomethyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group ; and

R₅ is H or halo.

It will be understood that the term halo, when used herein, includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo. It will be understood that in alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, alkylthio groups and alkoxy groups containing more than two carbon atoms the alkyl group may be straight or branched. Aryl is used to indicate phenyl optionally substituted by one or more of the following: a C^alkyl group, a C^.₃ alkoxy group or halo.

In a first group of preferred compounds of the present invention A is S.

In a second group of preferred compounds of the present invention A is O.

Preferably g is 0 or 1 and R^ is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, or c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo. Preferably R^ is in the 5-position of the benzo[b]thiophene ring. More preferably g is 0 or 1 and Ri is halo or an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Most preferably g is 0 or 1 and Ri is chloro or methoxy.

Preferably n is 2.

Preferably R₂ and R₃ are each H.

Preferably R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, an alkenyl group containing 2 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more C-|.₂alkyl groups , a

alkyiiminomethyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group. More preferably R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond or an alkenyl group containing 2 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more methyl groups. Most preferably R₄ represents hydroxymethyl or vinyl. Hydroxymethyl is especially preferred for R₄.

Preferred values of R are hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxy-1- methylethyl; 1-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 1-hydroxy- 3-methylbutyl, 1-hydroxypentyl, 1-hydroxypropenyl, 1-hydroxybut-3-enyl, 1-hydroxy- 2-methylpropenyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enyi, 1 -hydroxy pent-4-enyl, 1- hydroxypropynyl, 1-hydroxybut-2-ynyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methylthio, bromo, chloro, vinyl, allyl, 1-methylvinyi, formyl, acetyl,Λ/-(1-methylethyl)iminomethyl, and hydroxyiminomethyl. More preferably R is hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1- hydroxy-1-methylethyl; 1-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl, 1-hydroxypentyl, 1-hydroxypropenyl, 1-hydroxybut-3-enyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylpropenyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enyl, 1-hydroxypent-4-enyl, 1 - hydroxypropynyl, 1-hydroxybut-2-ynyl, vinyl, 1-methylvinyl, acetyl, Λ/-(1- methylethyl)imiπomethyl, and hydroxyiminomethyl. Most preferably R₄ is hydroxymethyl or vinyl. Hydroxymethyl is especially preferred.

Preferably R₅ is H.

Preferably n is 2.

In a preferred group of compounds of Formula I, A is S, g is 0 or 1 ; n is 2; R-, is halo or an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R₂ and R₃ are each H; R represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond or an alkenyl group containing 2 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more methyl groups; and R₅ is H.

In a preferred group of compounds of Formula I, preferably g is 0 or 1 and Ri is chloro or methoxy. More preferably Ri is in the 5-position of the benzo[5]thiophene ring.

In a further preferred aspect the present invention provides compounds of Formula la

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

A is S or O;

g is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4;

n is 2 or 3;

Ri is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally A/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an amino group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R-i being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4; and R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an α-hydroxy(2- d-₃ alkoxyphenyl)methyl group, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a C₃_₇alkynylalkoxyCι_₃alkyl group, a C . ₇cycloalkylalkoxyCι.₃alkyl group, a Cι.₃alkoxyd.₃alkyl group, a d_₃alkylthioCι_₃alkyl group, a d.₃alkoxy group, a Cι_₃alky!thio group, an arylthio group, a .₆ alkanoyl group, a C₃.₆ alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, cyano, halo, a

group, a C-|_ alkylaminomethyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group.

In a first group of preferred compounds of the present invention A is S. Preferably n is 2 in this group of compounds. Preferably g is 0 or 1 in this group of compounds. Preferably R-i is halo, an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

In a second group of preferred compounds of the present invention A is O. Preferably n is 2 in this group of compounds. Preferably g is 0 or 1 in this group of compounds. Preferably R^ is halo, an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

In compounds of Formula I and Formula la preferred values of R-_\ are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methylthio, methylsulphinyl, methylsulphonyl, hydroxy, formyloxy, acetoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1- hydroxy-1-methylethyl, 1-hydroxypropyl, cyano, formyl, acetyl, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, carbamoylmethyl, sulphamoyl, sulphamoylmethyl, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino or diethylamino. More preferably R-_\ is methoxy, chloro or methylthio.

In compounds of Formula I and Formula la preferred values of R₄ are cyclopropyl, methoxy, ethoxy, bromo, chloro, fluoro, iodo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl; 1- hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 1-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl, 1-hydroxypentyl, 1-hydroxypropenyl, 1-hydroxybut-3-enyl, 1-hydroxy-2- methylpropenyl, 1-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enyl, 1-hydroxypent-4-enyl, 3-hydroxybut- 1-enyl, 1-hydroxypropynyl, 1 -hydroxy but-2-yny I, -hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, isopropoxymethyl, cyclopropylmethoxymethyl, cyclobutylmethoxymethyl, prop-2-ynyloxymethyl, methylthio, phenylthio, vinyl, allyl, prop-1-enyl, 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 1-methylvinyl, styryl, formyl, acetyl, cyano, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, Λ/-(1-methylethyl)iminomethyl, Λ/-methylaminomethyl and hydroxyiminomethyl. More preferably R is hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl or vinyl. Most preferably R₄ is hydroxymethyl or vinyl.

In especially preferred compounds of Formula la, A is S or O; g is 0 or 1 , n is 2; Ri represents halo, an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an α-hydroxy(2-C-|.₃alkoxyphenyl)methyl group, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 3 carbon atoms, a Cι.₃alkylthio group, a Cι_₂ alkanoyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group.

In the remainder of this description the term "compounds of Formula I" means compounds of Formula I or compounds of Formula la. Similarly the term "a compound of Formula I" means a compound of Formula I or a compound of Formula la.

Compounds of Formula I may exist as salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids. The present invention includes all such salts. Examples of such salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulphates, methanesulphonates, nitrates, maleates, formates, acetates, citrates, fumarates, tartrates [eg (+)-tartrates, (-)-tartrates or mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures], succinates, oxalates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid. Such salts are prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art as illustrated in the Examples. Certain compounds of Formula I may exist in different tautomeπc forms or as different geometric isomers, and the present invention includes each tautomer and/or geometric isomer of compounds of Formula I and mixtures thereof

Certain compounds of Formula I may exist in different stable conformational forms which may be separable For example, if a bulky group is present there may be restricted rotation about one or more single bond or bonds due to steπc hindrance Torsional asymmetry due to restricted rotation about an asymmetric single bond, for example because of steπc hindrance or ring strain, may permit separation of different conformers The present invention includes each conformational isomer of compounds of Formula I and mixtures thereof

Certain compounds of Formula I and their salts may exist in more than one crystal form and the present invention includes each crystal form and mixtures thereof Certain compounds of Formula I and their salts may also exist in the form of solvates, for example hydrates, and the present invention includes each solvate and mixtures thereof

Certain compounds of Formula I contain one or more chiral centres, and exist in different optically active forms When compounds of Formula I contain one chiral centre, the compounds exist in two enantiomenc forms and the present invention includes both enantiomers and mixtures of enantiomers The enantiomers may be resolved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by formation of diastereoisomenc salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallisation, formation of diastereoisomenc derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallisation, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography, or gas-liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support for example silica with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent It will be appreciated that where the desired enantiomer is converted into another chemical entity by one of the separation procedures described above, a further step is required to liberate the desired enantiomenc form Alternatively, specific enantiomers may be synthesised by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation When a compound of Formula I contains more than one chiral centre it may exist in diastereoisomenc forms The diastereoisomenc pairs may be separated by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example chromatography or crystallisation and the individual enantiomers within each pair may be separated as described above The present invention includes each diastereoisomer of compounds of Formula I and mixtures thereof

Specific compounds of Formula I are - 3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde,

[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]methanol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde oxime,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-i ]thιazol-2-yl]ethanol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yi)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-6,7-dιhydro-5H-thιazolo[3,2-a]pyrιmιdιne,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -6]thιazol-2-yl]-1 -methylethanol,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]propan-1-ol,

2-bromo-3-(5-methoxybenzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole,

2-bromo-3-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-jb]thιazole, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-ethoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -o]thιazole,

1 -[3-(benzo[ϋ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]prop-2-en-1 -ol,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -ύ]thιazol-2-yl]but-2-yn-1 -ol,

3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-2-vιnyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole,

2-allyl-3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, [3-(benzo[b]furan-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-Jb]thιazol-2-yl]methanol,

Λ/-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -ύ]thιazol-2-ylmethylιdene]-1 - methylethylamine, 3-(beπzo[£>]thιophen-3-yl)-2-chloro-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -ύ]thιazole,

2-acetyl-3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole, 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-2-(methylthio)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazole;

3-(benzo[5]thiophen-3-yl)-2-(1-methylvinyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-jb]thiazole; 1-[3-(benzo[6]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1- ol ;

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazol-2-yl]butan-1 -ol ; 1 -[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -ύ]thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylbut-3-en- 1-ol ;

1 -[3-(benzo[rj]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazol-2-yl]-3-methylbutan-1 ^■ ol;

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -ό]thiazol-2-yl]pentan-1 -ol;

1-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-yn-1-ol ; 1-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazol-2-yl]but-3-en-1-ol ;

1 -[3-(benzo[ύ]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylprop-2- en-1-ol; 1-[3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazol-2-yl]pent-4-en-1-ol;

[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl](2- methoxyphenyl)methanol; 3-(benzo[6]thiophen-3-yl)-2-prop-1 -enyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazole;

[3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl]methanol;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1 -D]thiazole-2-carbonitrile;

3-(beπzo[6]thiophen-3-yl)-2-styryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazole;

3-(5-chlorobenzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-5]thiazole-2- carboxaldehyde;

[3-(5-chlorobenzo[ύ]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-Jb]thiazol-2-yl]methanol;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-(phenylthio)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; [3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]-Λ/- methylmethylamine;

3-(benzo[Jb]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; 3-(benzo[jb]thiophen-3-yl)-2-iodo-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -bjthiazole;

4-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazol-2-yl]but-3-en-2-ol;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; ethyl [3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -ό]thιazol-2-yl]acetate,

2-bromo-3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole,

{3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-J ]thιazol-2- yl}methanol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropylmethoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- bjthiazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

2-bromo-3-(7-methoxybenzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-ιsopropoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -ύ]thιazole, and

3-(benzo[Jb]thιophen-3-yl)-2-cyclobutylmethoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- J ]thιazole

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers, racemates or other mixtures of enantiomers

The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I or a salt thereof together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier

As used hereinafter, the term "active compound" denotes a compound of Formula I or a salt thereof In therapeutic use, the active compound may be administered orally, rectally, parenterally or topically, preferably orally Thus the therapeutic compositions of the present invention may take the form of any of the known pharmaceutical compositions for oral, rectal, parenteral or topical administration Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers suitable for use in such compositions are well known in the art of pharmacy The compositions of the invention may contain 0 1-99% by weight of active compound The compositions of the invention are generally prepared in unit dosage form Preferably the unit dosage of active ingredient is 1-500 mg The excipients used in the preparation of these compositions are the excipients known in the pharmacist's art

Compositions for oral administration are the preferred compositions of the invention and these are the known pharmaceutical forms for such administration, for example tablets, capsules, syrups and aqueous or oil suspensions The excipients used in the preparation of these compositions are the excipients known in the pharmacist's art Tablets may be prepared by mixing the active compound with an inert diluent such as calcium phosphate in the presence of disintegrating agents, for example maize starch, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, and tableting the mixture by known methods The tablets may be formulated in a manner known to those skilled in the art so as to give a sustained release of the compounds of the present invention Such tablets may, if desired, be provided with enteric coatings by known methods, for example by the use of cellulose acetate phthalate Similarly, capsules, for example hard or soft gelatin capsules, containing the active compound with or without added excipients, may be prepared by conventional means and, if desired, provided with enteric coatings in a known manner The tablets and capsules may conveniently each contain 1 to 500 mg of the active compound Other compositions for oral administration include, for example, aqueous suspensions containing the active compound in an aqueous medium in the presence of a non-toxic suspending agent such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and oily suspensions containing a compound of the present invention in a suitable vegetable oil, for example arachis oil

Preferably the compositions of the invention are administered orally in the known pharmaceutical forms for such administration Dosage forms suitable for oral administration may comprise tablets, pills, capsules, caplets, multiparticulates including granules, beads, pellets and micro-encapsulated particles, powders, elixirs, syrups, suspensions and solutions

Solid oral dosage forms, for example tablets, may be prepared by mixing the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention with one or more of the following ingredients or mixtures thereof inert diluents, for example calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, compressible sugar, confectioner's sugar, dextrates, dextrin, dextrose, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated vegetable oil, kaolin, lactose, magnesium carbonate, magnesium oxide, maltodextπn, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, polymethacrylates, potassium chloride, powdered cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium chloride, sorbitol, starch, sucrose, sugar spheres, talc and tnbasic calcium phosphate, disintegrating agents, for example alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, guar gum, magnesium aluminium silicate, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, polacπlin potassium, powdered cellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, sodium starch glycolate, starch including maize starch and agar, lubricating agents, for example calcium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil, light mineral oil, magnesium stearate, mineral oil, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium stearyl fumarate, steanc acid, talc and zinc stearate, binders, for example acacia, alginic acid, carbomer, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextrin, ethylcellulose, gelatin, guar gum, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, liquid glucose, magnesium aluminium silicate, maltodextrin, methylcellulose, polymethacrylates, povidone, pregelatinized starch, sodium alginate, starch including maize starch, zein, sugars (such as sucrose, molasses and lactose), and natural and synthetic gums (such as extract of Irish moss, polyethylene glycol, waxes, microcrystalline cellulose and polyvinylpyrrohdone), colouring agents, for example conventional pharmaceutically acceptable dyes, sweetening and flavouring agents, preservatives, one or more pharmaceutically acceptable couple or couples (such as those comprising an acid and a carbonate or bicarbonate salt), which effervesces to aid dissolution when the solid dosage form is added to water, and other optional ingredients known in the art to permit production of oral dosage forms by known methods such as tabletting

Solid oral dosage forms may be formulated in a manner known to those skilled in the art so as to give a sustained release of the active compound Film coated, solid oral dosage forms comprising compositions of the present invention may be advantageous, depending on the nature of the active compound Various materials, for example shellac and/or sugar, may be present as coatings, or to otherwise modify the physical form of the oral dosage form For example tablets or pills may, if desired, be provided with enteric coatings by known methods, for example by the use of cellulose acetate phthalate and/or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose phthalate Capsules and/or caplets (for example hard or soft gelatin capsules) comprising the active compound (with or without added excipients such as a fatty oil), may be prepared by conventional means and, if desired, provided with enteric coatings in a known manner The contents of the capsule and/or caplet may be formulated using known methods to give sustained release of the active compound

Liquid oral dosage forms comprising compositions of the present invention may be an elixir, suspension and/or syrup (for example, aqueous suspensions containing the active compound in an aqueous medium in the presence of a non- toxic suspending agent [such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose] and/or oily suspensions containing the active compound in a suitable vegetable oil [such as arachis oil and/or sunflower oil]) Liquid oral dosage forms may also comprise one or more sweetening agent, flavouring agent, preservatives and/or mixtures thereof

The active compound may be formulated into granules with or without additional excipients The granules may be ingested directly by the patient or they may be added to a suitable liquid carrier (for example water) before ingestion The granules may contain disintegrants (for example a pharmaceutically acceptable effervescent couple formed from an acid and a carbonate or bicarbonate salt) to facilitate dispersion in the liquid medium

Preferably each of the above oral dosage forms may contain from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, more preferably from about 5 mg to about 500 mg (for example 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, or 400 mg) of the active compound

Compositions of the invention suitable for rectal administration are the known pharmaceutical forms for such administration, for example, suppositories with hard fat, semi-synthetic glyce de, cocoa butter and/or polyethylene glycol bases

Pharmaceutical compositions may also be administered parenterally (for example subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intradermally and/or intravenously [such as by injection and/or infusion] in the known pharmaceutical dosage forms for parenteral administration (for example sterile suspensions in aqueous and/or oily media and/or sterile solutions in suitable solvents, preferably isotonic with the blood of the intended patient) Parenteral dosage forms may be sterilised (for example by micro-filtration and/or using suitable sterilising agents [such as ethylene oxide]) Optionally one or more of the following pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants suitable for parenteral administration may be added to parenteral dosage forms local anaesthethetics, preservatives, buffering agents and/or mixtures thereof Parenteral dosage forms may be stored in suitable sterile sealed containers (for example ampoules and/or vials) until use To enhance stability during storage the parenteral dosage form may be frozen after filling the container and fluid (for example water) may be removed under reduced pressure

Pharmaceutical compositions may be administered nasally in known pharmaceutical forms for such administration (for example sprays, aerosols, nebulised solutions and/or powders) Metered dose systems known to those skilled in the art (for example aerosols and/or inhalers) may be used

Pharmaceutical compositions may be administered to the buccal cavity (for example sub-lingually) in known pharmaceutical forms for such administration (for example slow dissolving tablets, chewing gums, troches, lozenges, pastilles, gels, pastes, mouthwashes, rinses and/or powders)

Compositions for topical administration may comprise a matrix in which the pharmacologically active compounds of the present invention are dispersed so that the compounds are held in contact with the skin in order to administer the compounds transdermally A suitable transdermal composition may be prepared by mixing the pharmaceutically active compound with a topical vehicle, such as a mineral oil, petrolatum and/or a wax, for example paraffin wax or beeswax, together with a potential transdermal accelerant such as dimethyl sulphoxide or propylene glycol Alternatively the active compounds may be dispersed in a pharmaceutically acceptable cream or ointment base The amount of active compound contained in a topical formulation should be such that a therapeutically effective amount of the compound is delivered during the period of time for which the topical formulation is intended to be on the skin

The compounds of the present invention may also be administered by continuous infusion either from an external source, for example by intravenous infusion or from a source of the compound placed within the body Internal sources include implanted reservoirs containing the compound to be infused which is continuously released for example by osmosis and implants which may be (a) liquid such as a suspension or solution in a pharmaceutically acceptable oil of the compound to be infused for example in the form of a very sparingly water-soluble derivative such as a dodecanoate salt or (b) solid in the form of an implanted support, for example of a synthetic resin or waxy material, for the compound to be infused The support may be a single body containing all the compound or a series of several bodies each containing part of the compound to be delivered The amount of active compound present in an internal source should be such that a therapeutically effective amount of the compound is delivered over a long period of

In some formulations it may be beneficial to use the compounds of the present invention in the form of particles of very small size, for example as obtained by fluid energy milling

In the compositions of the present invention the active compound may, if desired, be associated with other compatible pharmacologically active ingredients

The present invention also comprises a compound of Formula I for use as a medicament

The pharmaceutical compositions containing a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I may be used to treat depression, anxiety, psychoses (for example schizophrenia), tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, stress in mammals particularly humans, and as an aid to smoking cessation in human beings In addition such compositions may be used in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage Whilst the precise amount of active compound administered in such treatment will depend on a number of factors, for example the age of the patient, the severity of the condition and the past medical history, and always lies within the sound discretion of the administering physician, the amount of active compound administered per day is in the range 1 to 1000 mg preferably 5 to 500 mg given in single or divided doses at one or more times during the day

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of Formula I in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of depression, anxiety, psychoses (for example schizophrenia), tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, stress, as an aid to smoking cessation and in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage

The present invention also provides a method of treating depression, anxiety, psychoses (for example schizophrenia), tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, stress and seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I to a patient in need thereof

The present invention also provides a method of reducing the craving to smoke in human beings which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I to a patient in need thereof The present invention also provides a method of reducing weight gain after smoking cessation in human beings which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I to a patient in need thereof

In addition the compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment or prevention of metabolic diseases and conditions arising therefrom, for example non exercise activity thermogenesis and increased metabolic rate, sexual dysfunction, sleep apnoea, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence hyperactivity disorders, hiatial hernia and reflux esophagitis, pain, especially neuropathic pain, weight gain associated with drug treatment, chronic fatigue syndrome, osteoarthπtis and gout, cancers associated with weight gain, menstrual dysfunction, gallstones, orthostatic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension

The compounds of the present invention may be useful in preventing cardiovascular disease, and in reducing platelet adhesiveness, in aiding weight loss after pregnancy and in aiding weight loss after smoking cessation

The compounds of the present invention are particularly useful in treating obesity and related co-morbid conditions, for example, diabetes, hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia It is known that monoamine reuptake inhibitors which are used to treat obesity are often associated with cardiovascular side effects, for example, increased heart rate and increased blood pressure The compounds of the present invention reduce the cardiovascular side effects which might be expected to occur from the administration of a monoamine reuptake inhibitor particularly a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor Whilst not wishing to be bound by theory it is likely that the combination of 5-HT _A agonism in the compounds of the present invention reduces the cardiovascular side effects which might have arisen from their monoamine reuptake inhibition particularly their noradrenaline reuptake inhibition

In another aspect the present invention provides a method of reducing the cardiovascular side effects of an anti-obesity drug comprising incorporating into the compound 5-HT_1A agonism

In another aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound which is a 5-HT-|_A agonist and which is a monoamine reuptake inhibitor particularly a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of obesity and related co-morbid conditions without causing cardiovascular side effects

The beneficial properties of especially preferred compounds of the present invention in reducing cardiovascular side-effects may be demonstrated in rat telemetry studies in which heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and iocomotor activity are recorded continuously over time Suitable methods are described in Brockway, BP, Mills, PA & Azar, SH (1991) A new method for continuous chronic measurement of blood pressure, heart rate and activity in the rat via radio-telemetry Clinical and Experimental Hypertension - Theory and Practice A13(5), 885-895 and Guiol, C, Ledoussal, C & Surge, J-M (1992) A radiotelemetry system for chronic measurement of blood pressure and heart rate in the unrestrained rat Validation of method Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 28, 99-105

The 5-HT-i_A agonism of especially preferred compounds of the present invention may be determined by electrophysiology by methods known to those skilled in the art

Processes for the preparation of compounds of Formula I will now be described The processes may be performed on an individual basis, or by multiple parallel synthesis, also known as High Speed Analoguing The processes are preferably carried out at atmospheric pressure

Compounds of Formula I may be prepared by methods disclosed in WO 97/02269 Additionally compounds of Formula I may be prepared by methods described below

Compounds of Formula I may be prepared by dehydrating a compound of Formula II

in which A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined, optionally in the presence of an acid, for example acetic or sulphuric acid, at a temperature in the range 0-200°C, preferably in the range 20-150°C

Compounds of Formula II may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula III

in which R₂,R₃ and n are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound of Formula IV

in which Z is a leaving group, for example a halo such as bromo, and A, R-i, R , R₅ and g are as hereinbefore defined, at a temperature in the range 0-200°C, in the presence of a solvent, for example ethanol and optionally in the presence of an acid, for example acetic acid; preferably by heating at a temperature in the range 20°C to the boiling point of the solvent used.

Compounds of Formula I may also be prepared directly by reacting a compound of Formula III with a compound of Formula IV at a temperature in the range of 0-200°C, optionally in the presence of an acid, for example acetic acid, and optionally in the presence of a solvent, for example ethanol, without isolation of the intermediate of Formula II; preferably by heating at a temperature in the range 20-150°C.

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents halo may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula V

in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined, with a halogenating agent for example bromine, phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide, iodine raonochloride or benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroiodate at a temperature in the range -50-200°C optionally in the presence of a solvent, for example dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or acetone

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a group of Formula -CH(OH)R_x in which R_x is a d.₅ alkyl group, an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms or (2-C₁.₃alkoxyphenyl) may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI

in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with an organometallic reagent, for example a compound of formula R_xMgX or R_xLι in which R_x is as hereinbefore defined and X is halo, for example bromo, in the presence of a solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran or ether, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a group of Formula -CH(OH)R_y in which R_y is a d ₅ alkyl group, an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms or (2-C₁.₃alkoxyphenyl) may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, F%, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is a Ci ₅ alkyl group, an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms or (2-C-ι ₃alkoxyphenyl) with a reducing agent, for example sodium borohydride, in the presence of a solvent, for example ethanol, at a temperature in the range of 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ is hydroxymethyl may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R^ R₃, R₄, R₅, g and are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with a reducing agent, for example sodium borohydride, in a solvent, for example methanol, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ is hydroxyiminomethyl may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof optionally in the presence of a solvent, for example an alcohol, eg ethanol, at a temperature in the range of 0-250°C.

Compounds of Formula I in which R is cyano may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof in the presence of formic acid at a temperature in the range of 0-250°C.

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a d^alkyliminomethylene group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined and R_y represents H with an amine of Formula R_aNH₂ wherein R_a represents a C^ alkyl group optionally in the presence of a solvent, for example ethanol, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, for example acetic acid, at a temperature in the range 0-250°C.

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₁-₄alkylaminomethylene group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a

group, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined, with a reducing agent, for example sodium borohydride, in the presence of a solvent, for example an alcohol e.g. ethanol, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used.

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₁-₄alkylaminomethylene group may be prepared directly from a compound of Formula VI in which A, R_{1 t} R₂, R₃, R_{5 ι} n and g are as hereinbefore defined and R_y represents hydrogen by reaction with an amine of formula R_aNH₂ wherein R_a represents a C^ alkyl group and a reducing agent, for example sodium triacetoxyborohydride, in the presence of a solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used.

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a group of formula -C(OH)R_xR_y in which R_x and R_y are each independently a d.₅ alkyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI in which R_y is a d.₅ alkyl group, and A, R-i, R , R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with an organometallic reagent, for example a compound of formula R_xMgX or R_xLι in which R_x is as hereinbefore defined and X is halo, for example bromo, in the presence of a solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran or ether, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a group of formula -C(OH)R_xR_y in which R_x and R_y are the same d ₂ alkyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula VI, as hereinbefore defined except that R_y is OR_z in which R_z is a d ₆alkyl group, with an organometallic reagent, for example a compound of formula R_xMgX or R_xLι in which R_x is as hereinbefore defined and X is halo, for example bromo, in the presence of a solvent, for example tetrahydrofuran or ether, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a C₂.₆ alkenyl group in which the double bond is attached to the carbon alpha to the thiazole ring or a styryl group may be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula VI, in which R_y represents hydrogen or a C_1-4 alkyl group, and A, R_{1 f} R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a phosphonium salt of formula R_zPh₃P⁺Br- in which R_z represents a d-₅ alkyl group or a benzyl group in the presence of a base for example n- butyllithium, in a solvent for example, an ether, e g tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₂_₆ alkanoyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents halo, for example bromo or chloro, and A, R-,, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, or a compound of Formula V with a compound of formula R MgX or R_bLι in which R is a C₁-₆ alkyl group and X is halo, for example bromo or chloro, in the presence of a solvent for example an ether, eg diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, and then reacting the product obtained with an acylating agent for example a compound of Formula R_cCON(CH₃)OCH₃ in which R_c represents a C-₁.₅ alkyl group in a solvent, for example an ether e g tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used. Compounds of Formula VI may be prepared in a similar manner.

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C_1-3 alkoxyd-₃ alkyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a hydroxyd-₃ alkyl group, and A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a C-ι-₃ alkylating agent, for example a _₃ alkyl halide e g. a C_1-3 alkyl iodide in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride, in a solvent, for example/V,Λ/- dimethylformamide, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C . ₇cycloalkylalkoxyCι.₃alkyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R represents a hydroxyCι-₃ alkyl group, and A, R-|, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a C .₇cycloalkylalkylatιng agent, for example a C₄.₇ cycloalkylalkyl halide e g a C₄.₇ cycloalkylalkyl iodide in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride, in a solvent, for example Λ/,Λ/-dιmethylformamιde, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C.

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₃_₇alkynylalkoxyd.₃alkyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R represents a hydroxyC-ι.₃ alkyl group, and A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a C_{3 7} alkynylalkylating agent, for example a C_{3 7} alkynylalkyl halide e g a C_{3 7} alkynylalkyl iodide in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride, in a solvent, for example Λ/,Λ/-dιmethylformamιde, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a .₃ alkylthιoC₁.₃ alkyl group may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a mercaptoCι_₃ alkyl group, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a C-ι-₃ alkylating agent, for example a .₃ alkyl halide e g a .₃ alkyl iodide in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride or sodium hydroxide, in a solvent, for example Λ/,Λ/-dιmethylformamιde, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a _₃ alkylthio group or an arylthio group and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents halo or a compound of Formula V with a metallating agent, for example a compound of formula RMgX or RLi in which R is a d-₆ alkyl group and X is halo, for example chloro, bromo or iodo, in a solvent, for example an ether or a mixture of ethers, eg tetrahydrofuran, or diethyl ether, at a temperature in the range of -100°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give an intermediate complex, which is reacted with a disulphide of formula R_dS-SR_d in which R_d is a C^ alkyl group or an aryl group, at a temperature in the range of -100°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a d_₃ alkoxy group and A, R-i , R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents halo, for example bromo or iodo, with an -₃ alkoxide salt, for example a sodium or potassium salt, optionally in the presence of a solvent, for example a -₃ alcohol or dimethylformamide, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, for example a copper (I) salt, at a temperature in the range of 0-350°C

Compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₃.₆ alkenyl group in which the double bond is not attached to the carbon alpha to the thiazole ring may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula I in which R represents halo, for example bromo or chloro, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, or a compound of Formula V with a compound of formula R MgX or R_bLι in which R_b is a C₁-₆ alkyl group and X is halo, for example bromo or chloro, in the presence of a solvent for example an ether, eg diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, and then reacting the product obtained with an alkenylating agent, for example a C₃.₆alkenylmethyl halide e g a C₃.₆alkenyimethyl iodide, in a solvent, for example an ether e g tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used Compounds of Formula I in which R is a C₃-₆alkoxycarbonylalkyl group may be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula VI, in which R_y represents hydrogen and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a phosphonate of formula Me₂NCH[PO(OR_z)₂]₂ in which R_z represents a C- alkyl group in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride, in a solvent for example an ether, e g 1 ,4-dιoxane, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, then subjecting the resulting intermediate product to partial hydrolysis in the presence of an acid, for example hydrochloric acid

Compounds of Formula I in which R₄ is a C .₆hydroxyalkenyl group in which the double bond is attached to the carbon alpha to the thiazole ring may be prepared by reacting compounds of Formula VI, in which R_y represents hydrogen and A, R^ F _2> R₃. R₅. ^{n an}d 9 are as previously defined, with a compound of Formula (R_zO)₂POCH2COR_c in which R_z represents a C^ alkyl group and R_c represents a d-₃ alkyl group in the presence of a base, for example sodium hydride, in a solvent for example an ether, e g tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, then subjecting the resulting intermediate product to reaction with a reducing agent, for example sodium borohydride, in a solvent, for example ethanol, at a temperature in the range -20°C to the boiling point of the solvent used

Compounds of Formula 111 are commercially available or may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art Compounds of Formula IV may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art as specified in the individual Examples described herein

The ability of compounds of Formula I to interact with 5-hydroxytryptamιne (5-HT) receptors has been demonstrated for the products of Examples 1 to 56 by the following test which determines the ability of the compounds to inhibit tπtiated ligand binding to 5-HT receptors in vitro and in particular to 5-HT-j A receptors

Hippocampal tissue from the brains of male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles

River, weight range 150-250 g) was homogenised in ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer

(pH 7 7 when measured at 25°C, 1 40 w/v) and centrifuged at 40,000 g at 4°C for 10 minutes The pellet was rehomogenised in the same buffer, incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes and centrifuged at 40,000 g at 4°C for 10 minutes The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7 7) containing 4 mM CaCl2, 0 1 %

L-ascorbic acid and 10 μM pargy ne hydrochloride (equivalent to 6 25 mg wet weight of tissue/ml) and used immediately in the binding assay

Membranes (400 μl, equivalent to 2 5 mg wet weight of tissue/tube) were incubated with 50 μl of [³H]8-hydroxy-2-(dιpropylamιno)tetralιn ([³H]8-OH-DPAT) at a single concentration of 1 nM and 50 μl of distilled water (total binding) or 50 μl of test compound (at a single concentration of 10⁶ M or at 10 concentrations ranging from 10 ¹¹-10 ³ M) or 50 μl of 5-HT (10 μM, non-specific binding) at 25°C for 30 minutes The incubation was terminated by rapid filtration under vacuum through Skatron 11734 filters using a Skatron Cell Harvester Filters were washed with ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7 7 (at 25°C, wash setting 9,9,0) The scored filter paper discs were punched out into vials, scintillation fluid added and radioactivity determined by liquid scintillation counting

The ability of compounds of Formula I to interact with 5-hydroxytryptamιne (5-HT) reuptake sites has been demonstrated for the products of Examples 1 to 56 by the following test which determines the ability of compounds to displace the standard ligand, [³H]cιtalopram, from 5-HT reuptake sites in vitro

Frontal cortical tissue from the brains of male Charles River rats weighing 150-250 g was homogenised in ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7 4 (when measured at 25°C) containing 120 mM sodium chloride and 5 mM potassium chloride (Tπs buffer, 1 30 w/v) and centrifuged at 40,000 g for 10 minutes The supernatant was discarded and the pellet rehomogenised in Tris buffer, 1 60 w/v, and centrifuged at 40,000 g for 10 minutes This step was repeated a further time The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7 4 containing 120 mM sodium chloride and 5 mM potassium chloride (equivalent to 3 125 mg wet weight of tissue/ml) and used immediately in the binding assay All centnfugations were performed at 4°C

Membranes (400 μl, equivalent to 1 25 mg wet weight of tissue/tube) were incubated with 50 μl [³H]cιtalopram at a single concentration of 1 3 nM and 50 μl of distilled water (total binding) or 50 μl of test compound (at a single concentration of 10⁶ M or at 10 concentrations ranging from 10 ¹¹-10³ M) or 50 μl of paroxetine (0 5 μM, non-specific binding) for 1 h at 27°C Membrane bound radioactivity was recovered by filtration under vacuum through Skatron 11734 filters presoaked in 0 5% PEI using a Skatron Cell Harvester Filters were then washed in ice-cold 50 mM Tns-HCI buffer, pH 7 4 (at 25°C, wash setting 9,9,0) The scored filter paper discs were punched out into vials, scintillation fluid added and radioactivity determined by liquid scintillation counting

The ability of compounds of Formula I to interact with noradrenaline (NA) reuptake sites has been demonstrated for the products of Examples 1 to 33 by the following test which determines the ability of compounds to displace the standard ligand, [³H]nιsoxetιne, from noradrenaline reuptake sites in vitro

Frontal cortical tissue from the brains of male Charles River rats weighing 150-250 g was homogenised in ice-cold 50 mM Tns-HCI, pH 7 4 (at 25°C) containing 120 mM sodium chloride and 5 mM potassium chloride (Tπs buffer, 1 60 w/v) using a Kinematic polytron (speed setting 6 for 10 seconds) and centrifuged at 40,000 g for 10 minutes The supernatant was discarded and the pellet rehomogenised in Tris buffer, 1 60 w/v, and centrifuged at 40,000 g for 10 minutes This step was repeated twice more so that, in total, the brain tissue was homogenised and centrifuged four times The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tns-HCI, pH 7 4 containing 300 mM sodium chloride and 5 mM potassium chloride (equivalent to 18 75 mg wet weight of tissue/ml) and used immediately in the binding assay All centnfugations were performed at 4°C

Membranes (400 μl, equivalent to 7 5 mg wet weight of tissue/tube) were incubated with 50 μl [³H]nιsoxetιne at a single concentration of 0 6 nM and 50 μl of distilled water (total binding) or 50 μl of test compound (at a single concentration 10⁶ M or at 10 concentrations ranging from 10¹¹-10³ M) or 50 μl of mazindol (1 μM, non-specific binding) for 4 h at 4°C Membrane bound radioactivity was recovered by filtration under vacuum through Skatron 11734 filters using a Skatron cell harvester Filters were rapidly washed with ice-cold 50 mM Tns-HCI, pH 7 4 containing 120 mM sodium chloride and 5 mM potassium chloride (wash setting 9,9,0) The scored filter paper discs were punched out into vials, scintillation fluid added and radioactivity determined by liquid scintillation counting The ability of compounds of Formula 1 to interact with muscarinic receptors has been demonstrated for the products of Examples 1-56 by the following test which determines the ability of compounds to displace the standard ligand, PH]N-methylscopolamine, from muscarinic receptors in vitro.

Frontal cortical tissue from the brains of male Charles River rats weighing 150-250 g was homogenised in ice-cold 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5 (measured at 25°C) containing 100 mM sodium chloride and 10 mM magnesium chloride (1 :10 w/v) using a Polytron PT3100 (speed setting 21 ,700rpm, 3 x 5 seconds) and centrifuged at 49,500 g for 30 minutes at 4°C. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet rehomogenised in 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5 containing 100 mM sodium chloride and 10 mM magnesium chloride (equivalent to 12.5 mg wet weight of tissue/ml). Membranes were stored at -80°C until required.

Membranes were thawed, diluted 1 :10 in ice-cold 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH

7.5 containing 100 mM sodium chloride and 10 mM magnesium chloride and homogenised using a Polytron PT3100 as above. Diluted membranes (200 μl; equivalent to 0.25 mg wet weight of tissue/tube) were incubated with 200 μl of 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5 containing 100 mM sodium chloride and 10 mM magnesium chloride and 50 μl of [³H]N-methylscopolamine at a single concentration of 0.15 nM and 50 μl of distilled water (total binding) or 50 μl of test compound (at a single concentration of 10^"6 M or at 10 concentrations ranging from 10^"11 - 10^"3 M) or 50 μl of atropine sulphate (1 μM; non-specific binding) for 30 min at 30°C. Membrane bound radioactivity was recovered by filtration under vacuum through Skatron 1 1734 filters using a Skatron cell harvester. Filters were rapidly washed with ice-cold 20 mM HEPES buffer, pH 7.5 (wash 1 ,2 at setting 5,5). The scored filter paper discs were punched out into vials, scintillation fluid added and radioactivity determined by liquid scintillation counting.

For each of these tests measuring the ability of compounds of Formula I to displace standard ligands from 5-HTι_A receptors and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) reuptake sites and muscarinic receptors in vitro, the percentage displacement of specific binding of tritiated ligand by 10^"6 M test compound was calculated in the following way. Firstly, specific binding of tritiated ligand in the absence (A) and presence (B) of test compound was determined:

In the absence of compound:

A (dpm) = Total binding (dpm) - Non-specific binding (dpm)

In the presence of compound (10^"6 M):

B (dpm) = Binding at 10^"6M (dpm) - Non-specific binding (dpm)

The specific binding of tritiated ligand in the presence (B) of compound was then converted to a percentage of specific binding of tritiated ligand in the absence (A) of compound:

% Specific binding at 10^"b M = B (dpm) / A (dpm) x 100

The percentage displacement of specific binding of tritiated ligand by the test compound (10^"6 M) was then obtained by subtraction of the percentage specific binding in the presence of compound from the percentage specific binding in the absence of compound, which is taken as the maximum binding and so equals 100%:

% Displacement at 10^"6 M = 100 - % Specific binding at 10^"6 M.

In some cases, displacement curves were then produced for compounds which displaced >50% of specific binding of the tritiated ligand at 10^"6 M using a range of concentrations of the compound. The Kj was then calculated by fitting the following simultaneous equations (which are derived from the Feldman equations) by robust non-linear regression to data from three experiments simultaneously: F> = -4,,, - B

CΛ - L + K, ' ab =

N F, Non - specific data

C^R,

B = ^■ + N ' _tF¹ , 1 Otherwise

K,F₂

K, + F +

K.

where B is the concentration of bound ligand-receptor complex This is calculated for each observation as B . ≡i-

Specific activity x Volume of incubation

L is the concentration of compound

[L]_tot is the concentration of the tritiated ligand used, calculated as r ι _ Mean DPM for Total DPM added samples x Dilution Specific activity x Volume of incubation

Krj is the equilibrium dissociation constant for the ligand F_T and F₂ are the concentrations of free ligand and free compound respectively ri is the total concentration of the receptor in the first experiment This must be multiplied by C_κ for subsequent experiments (Cι=1) N« is the non-specific binding constant

The results obtained in the above tests for 5-HT -| A binding and 5-HT and NA uptake, and muscarinic binding for the final products of Examples 1 - 56 hereinafter are given in Table 1 below K,s are in nM and are means of three independent determinations % Figures are for % displacement at 10⁶ M for a single determination TABLE 1

Ki values are n=1 , mean of n=2 or mean of n=3 NT = Not tested

The ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit monoamine oxidase A activity is demonstrable by the following test

The assay was performed using the following general procedure in which the tissue source was human placenta

The compounds were tested at 1 and lOmicromolar in duplicate

Ref Weyler, W and Salach, J I (1985) Purification and properties of mitochondnal monoamine oxidase type A from human placenta J Biol Chem , 260 13199- 13207

The combination of inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity and 5-HT reuptake inhibition may cause serotonin syndrome (Sternbach, H Serotonin syndrome Am J Psychiatry 148, 705-713, 1991) which is highly undesirable Acute feeding studies

Animals and environment

Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-450 g at the start of the experiment) which were obtained from Charles River (Margate) Animals were individually-housed in polypropylene cages with metal grid floors at a temperature of 21 ±1 °C and 55% humidity Polypropylene trays were placed below each cage Animals were maintained on a reverse phase light-dark cycle Lights were off from 09 30 h to 17 30 h during which time the room was illuminated by red light Animals had free access to a powdered rat diet and tap water at all times The diet was contained in glass feeding jars (10 cm diameter, 8 cm deep) with aluminium lids Each lid had a hole (3 cm diameter) cut in it to allow access to the food Animals were accustomed to these conditions for at least two weeks before experimentation

Test procedure

On the day prior to testing, the animals were randomly allocated to treatment groups containing 6-8 rats, weighed and their food intakes over a 6 h period were measured These baseline readings were taken to ensure that the body weights and food intakes of the different groups of rats were not significantly different before drug treatment On the test day, animals were given vehicle or one of three doses of the test drug All drugs were dosed orally at the onset of the dark phase since rats consume most of their food during this period Feeding jars were weighed (to the nearest 0 1g) at the time of drug administration and 1 , 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after dosing At each reading, the trays below the cages were examined for spiltfood which was then returned to the feeding jar However, spillage of food from the feeding jars was generally negligible

All drug doses are expressed as the free base Drugs were dissolved in deionised water or suspended in 0 4% cellosize using a sonic bath Data analysis

Variations in body weight were accounted for by expressing the results as g/kg rat weight (treatment group means ± s e mean) ED₅₀ values (the dose of a drug required to reduce food intake to 50% of the control values) were calculated from a logistic sigmoid curve using a dedicated computer program Statistical comparisons between mean group intakes were made using analysis of variance and Dunnett's test (two-tailed)

Especially preferred compounds of Formula la have surprisingly lower affinity for muscarinic receptors compared to the Examples of WO97/02269 and/or have significantly reduced MAO_A inhibitory activity compared to compounds exemplified in WO97/02269 For example, Example 1 of WO97/02269 has a muscarinic receptor binding K| of 130 nM Muscarinic affinity may cause undesired side-effects, for example dry mouth, blurred vision, sweating, palpitations, constipation and aggravation of narrow angle glaucoma (Blackwell, B Adverse effects of antidepressant drugs Part 1 Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tπcyclics Drugs 21 , 202-219, 1981 ) Obviously it is desirable for compounds to have minimal affinity for muscarinic receptors

Particularly preferred compounds of the present invention have superior activity in acute feeding studies compared to the compounds exemplified in WO 97/02269

The invention is illustrated by the following Examples which are given by way of example only The final product of each of these Examples was characterised by one or more of the following procedures high performance liquid chromatography, elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy

Examples

Example 1

Triethylamine (75 ml) was added dropwise at < 10 °C to a stirred suspension of 3-(benzo[jb]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide (50 g prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269) in dichloromethane (400 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. Water (300 ml) was added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with water (2 x 100 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvent removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6- dihydroimidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazole as a pale yellow solid (34 g) which was used without further purification.

n-Butyllithium (2.5 M solution in hexanes; 17.5 ml) was added dropwise under nitrogen at -70 °C to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[5]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro- imidazo[2,1-/b]thiazole (10.14 g) in tetrahydrofuran (260 ml), then the mixture was stirred at -70 °C for 20 minutes, allowed to warm to 0 °C, and stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes. Dimethylformamide (2.86 ml) was added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes. Saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (200 ml) and ether (400 ml) were added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with water (100 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 10:1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents removed in vacuo. The residue was heated under reflux for 5 minutes with propan- 2-ol (100 ml), then the mixture was filtered while hot and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at 60 °C to give 3-(benzo[ύ]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazole-2-carbox- aldehyde as a yellow solid (1.4 g), m.p. 206 °C.

Example 2

A mixture of 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazole-2- carboxaldehyde (0.198 g), sodium borohydride (0.026 g) and methanol (20 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 1 hour, then water (2 ml) was added and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove methanol. The residue was partitioned between water (30 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml), then the organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave [3- (benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazol-2-yl]methanol as a yellow solid (0.077 g), m.p. 168 - 170 °C.

Example 3

A mixture of 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-Jb]thiazole-2- carboxaldehyde (0.44 g), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.118 g) and ethanol (30 ml) was heated under reflux for 2.75 hours, then cooled to ambient temperature. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and suspended in dichloromethane (50 ml). Triethylamine (3 ml) was added, then the resulting solution was washed with water (20 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro- imidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde oxime as a white solid (0.07 g), m.p. 226-228°C.

Example 4

Methylmagnesium bromide (3 M solution in ether; 1.2 ml) was added dropwise at 0°C under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6- dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.286 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 minutes. Water (5 ml) and ethyl acetate (70 ml) were added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with water (20 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was triturated with ether (30 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried/r. vacuo at 100°C to give 1-[3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ύ]thiazol-2-yl]- ethanol as an off-white solid (0.213 g), m.p. 174-176°C.

Example 5

A suspension of [3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazol-

2-yl]methanol (0.5 g) in ethanol (25 ml) was heated under reflux until all of the solid had dissolved. Ethereal hydrogen chloride solution (1 M; 2 ml) was added, then the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 minutes and allowed to cool to ambient temperature The resulting so α was collected by filtration, washed with ether (20 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60°C to give 3-(benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydro- ιmιdazo[2,1-Jb]thιazole-2-methanol hydrochloride as a white solid (0 32 g), m p 240-250°C (decomposes) Ethereal hydrogen chloride solution (1 M, 2 ml) was added to the filtrate remaining from isolation of the above solid, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (20 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60°C to give a second crop of [3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]methanol hydrochloride as a white solid (0 1 g), m p 240-250°C (decomposes)

Example 6

A mixture of 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide (200 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269), saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution (1000 ml) and dichloromethane (2000 ml) was stirred vigorously at ambient temperature for 1 5 hours, then the organic layer was separated, washed with water (500 ml), dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent was removed in vacuo The process was repeated on the same scale, and the two products were combined to give 3-(benzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)- 5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole as a pale yellow solid (264 3 g), which was used without further purification

Bromine (55 5 ml) was added dropwise at 0-5 °C over 1 75 hours to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole (264 3 g) in dichloromethane, then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and at ambient temperature for 1 hour The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with dichloromethane (300 ml) and dried in vacuo at 70°C to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3- yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole hydrobromide as a pale yellow solid (431 g) which was used without further purification

3-(Benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole hydrobromide (170 g) was added in portions under nitrogen at 0-8°C over 1 hour to a stirred solution of ethylmagnesium chloride [2 0 M solution in ether (620 ml)] in tetrahydrofuran (1700 ml) then the mixture was stirred at 3°C for 1 5 hours Dimethylformamide (136 ml) was added at 3-8 °C over 30 minutes, then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, cooled to 8°C and quenched by the cautious addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (600 ml) and water (350 ml) Ethyl acetate (1500 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, and the resulting solid (Fraction 1 ) was collected by filtration The organic layer of the filtrate was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (500 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in hot propan-2-ol (1000 ml) and the solution was filtered while hot then allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 20 hours The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with propan-2-ol (100 ml) and dried in vacuo at 70°C to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydro- ιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde as a yellow solid (19 4 g), m p 206°C A mixture of the solid Fraction 1 , dichloromethane (2100 ml), 2 M hydrochloric acid (250 ml) and water (1000 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 minutes then triethylamine (80 ml) was added The dichloromethane layer was separated, and further product was isolated from the aqueous layer by extraction into dichloromethane (500 ml) The combined dichloromethane solutions were dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give further 3-(benzo[ό]thιophen- 3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde as a yellow solid (63 0 g), m p 208°C

Sodium borohydride (12 5 g) was added in portions over 10 minutes to an ice-cold stirred suspension of 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]- thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (63 g) in methanol (1200 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 5°C for 30 minutes, at ambient temperature for 4 hours, and at reflux temperature for 20 minutes The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature over 1 hour then water (200 ml) was added and stirring at ambient temperature was continued for 1 hour The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (200 ml), ethanol (200 ml) and ether (200 ml), then dried in vacuo at 60°C to give [3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]methanol as an off- white solid (52 1 g) which was used without purification

A stirred suspension of [3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- ύ]thιazol-2-yl]methanol (52 1 g) in methanol (2200 ml) was heated under reflux until virtually all of the solid had dissolved The heat source was removed, and a solution of fumaric acid (21 g) in methanol (250 ml) was added over 1 minute The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then it was cooled in ice for 3 hours. The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ice-cold methanol (200 ml), and dried in vacuo at 60°C for 3 hours and at 80°C for 2 hours to give a white solid which was shown by nmr spectroscopy to be solvated by 1 equivalent of methanol. This solid was combined with a second sample of product (5.2 g; also solvated by methanol) prepared in a manner similar to that described above, and the combined material was ground using a pestle and mortar, then dried in vacuo at 90°C and 133Pa for 15 hours to give [3-(benzo[/j]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -ό]thiazol-2-yl]methanol fumarate (solvated by 0.05 equivalent of methanol) as a white solid (53.4 g), m.p. 258-262°C (decomposes).

Example 7

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (3.0 g) was added in portions under nitrogen at 0°C to a stirred suspension of 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro- imidazo[2,1-(b]thiazole (2.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour and at ambient temperature for 18 hours. Water (50 ml) and triethylamine (50 ml) were added, and the organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 9:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol as eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole as a yellow solid (1.0 g), m.p. 196-200°C.

Example 8

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (0.75 g) was added in portions under nitrogen at 0°C to a stirred suspension of 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5/-/- thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (0.5 g; prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269)) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 4 hours and allowed to warm to ambient temperature. Water (50 ml) and triethylamine (50 ml) were added, and the organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 ml), dried (MgSO ), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 9 1 mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3- (benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-6,7-dιhydro-5/-/-thιazolo[3,2-a]pyπmιdιne as a pale yellow solid (0 2 g), m p 200-202°C

Example 9

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1 35 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 3-acetyl- benzo[ώ]thιophen (2 9 g) in diethyl carbonate (50 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 1 5 hours and poured onto a mixture of water (300 ml) and acetic acid (5 ml) The product was extracted into ether (3 x 150 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with water (2 x 50 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 ml), dried (MgSO ), and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica in Biotage Flash 40ι © equipment using a 9 1 mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave ethyl 3- (benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate as a brown oil (1 5 g) which was used without further purification

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (2 15 g) was added in portions at 0°C under nitrogen to a stirred solution of ethyl 3-(benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-3-oxo- propanoate (1 5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and at ambient temperature for 1 5 hours The resulting solid was removed by filtration and washed with tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) The filtrate and washings were combined and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica in Biotage Flash 40ι ©equipment using a 9 1 mixture of petroleum ether (b p 60-80 °C) and ethyl acetate as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave ethyl 3-(benzo[6]-thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-3-oxopropanoate as a brown solid (1 7 g), m p 81-83°C

A mixture of ethyl 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-3-oxopropanoate (1 7 g), 2-ιmιdazolιdιnethιone (0 53 g) and ethanol (30 ml) was heated under reflux for 10 minutes then acetic acid (15 ml) was added and the mixture was heated under reflux for 18 hours The solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue was triturated with ethanol (20 ml) The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (10 ml) and ether (20 ml), then dried in vacuo at 60°C to give ethyl 3- (benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxylate as an off- white solid (1 15 g), m p 209-211°C

A mixture of ethyl 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]- thιazole-2-carboxylate (0 4 g), triethylamine (2 ml) and dichloromethane (15 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes, then it was diluted with dichloromethane (40 ml), washed with water (2 x 20 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (20 ml), dried (Na₂SO ), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue (0 22 g) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (7 ml), and methylmagnesium bromide (3 M solution in ether, 0 66 ml) was added under nitrogen The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, then further methylmagnesium bromide (3 M solution in ether, 0 42 ml) and toluene (5 ml) were added The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 minutes and at 90-95°C for 5 hours, then it was cooled to ambient temperature and diluted with water (30 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (2 x 30 ml), and the combined extracts were washed with water (30 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (30 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo A mixture of the residue, fumaric acid (0 037 g) and ethanol (5 ml) was heated under reflux for 5 minutes, then the hot solution was decanted from a small trace of undissolved solid and allowed to cool to ambient temperature The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60°C to give 1-[3-(benzo[Jb]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazol-2-yl]-1-methyl- ethanol fumarate as an off-white solid (0 057 g), m p 180-182°C

Example 10

Ethylmagnesium chloride (2M solution in ether, 1 4 ml) was added dropwise at ambient temperature to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydro- ιmιdazo[2,1-έ>]-thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 52 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes Further ethylmagnesium chloride (2M solution in ether, 0 5 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then it was quenched by the addition of water (30 ml) The product was extracted into ether (50 ml) followed by ethyl acetate (2 x 50 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (2 x 30 ml), dπed (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica in Biotage Flash 40ι © equipment using a 99 1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents removed in vacuo to leave 1 -[3-(benzo[j ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]propan-1 -ol as an orange solid (0 24 g), m p 92-94°C

Example 11

Triethylamine (50 ml) was added dropwise at ambient temperature to a stirred suspension of 3-(5-methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yI)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]- thiazole hydrobromide (1 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269) in dichloromethane (25 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 minutes Water (25 ml) was added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with water (25 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3-(5-methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydro- ιmιdazo[2,1-Jb]thιazole as a brown solid (0 65 g) which was used without further purification

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (1 5 g) was added in portions at 0°C under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 3-(5-methoxybenzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6- dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-6]thιazole (0 65 g) in tetrahydrofuran (25 ml), the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 16 hours, then it was allowed to warm to ambient temperature Triethylamine (50 ml) and water (50 ml) were added, then the organic phase was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 99 1 0 1 mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol and triethylamine as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was crystallised from methanol and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to give 2-bromo-3-(5-methoxybenzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6- dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole as an off-white solid (0 05 g), m p 21 CPC (decomposes) Example 12

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (1.0 g) was added in portions at 0 - 5°C under nitrogen over 15 minutes to a stirred solution of 3-(5- chlorobenzo[Jb]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazole (0.8 g; prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. Water (30 ml) and triethylamine (5 ml) were added, then the product was extracted into dichloromethane (2 x 20 ml), and the combined extracts were washed with water (4 x 20 ml), dried (MgSO ), and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 2- bromo-3-(5-chIorobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazole as a yellow solid (0.72 g), m.p. 205 - 208°C (decomposes).

Example 13

A mixture of 3-acetylbenzo[ό]thiophene (25 g), dimethylamine hydrochloride (15.05 g), paraformaldehyde (5.7 g), concentrated hydrochloric acid (1 ml) and ethanol (75 ml) was heated under reflux for 18 hours then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to give 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-1- one hydrochloride as a pink solid (15.7 g), m.p. 169 - 17 C. The solvent was removed in vacuo from the filtrate, and the residue was triturated with ether (100 ml). The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to give a second crop of 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)- propan-1-one hydrochloride as a pink solid (13.8 g).

A mixture of 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propan-1-one hydrochloride (29.4 g) and water (600 ml) was basified to pH 9.0 by the addition of saturated aqueous sodium carbonate solution, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then the free base was extracted into ether (3 x 100 ml). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in methanol (50 ml), then the solution was cooled in ice, and iodomethane (15.7 ml) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed well with ether, and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to give [3-(benzo[o]- thιophen-3-yl)-3-oxopropyl]trιmethylammonιum iodide as a pink solid (28 7 g), m p 165 - 167°C

A mixture of [3-(benzo[D]thιophen-3-yl)-3-oxopropyl]tπmethylammonιum iodide (5 0 g), sodium hydrogencarbonate (5 0 g), ether (150 ml) and water (130 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, then the product was extracted into ether (3 x 150 ml) The combined extracts were dried (MgSO₄) and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave 1-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)propenone as a pink solid (2 1 g) which was used without further purification

A solution of 1-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)propenone (0 75 g) and benzyl alcohol (0 41 ml) in dichloromethane (2 ml) was cooled to 0°C, and concentrated sulphuric acid (2 drops) was added The mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours, then allowed to stand at 4°C for 18 hours Further benzyl alcohol (0 82 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 7 hours, then it was diluted with dichloromethane (20 ml), washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (2 x 10 ml) and water (10 ml), and dried (MgSO₄) The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative-scale thin layer chromatography on a silica-coated glass plate using dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate sections of silica were removed from the developed plate, and the product was extracted by tπturation with dichloromethane (30 ml) The extract was filtered, and the solvent removed in vacuo to leave 1-(benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-3-benzyloxypropan-1-one as an orange oil (0 49 g) which was used without further purification

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (0 4 g) was added in portions under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 1-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-3-benzyloxypropan-1-one (0 43 g) in tetrahydrofuran (5 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours then it was filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave 1-(benzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)-3-benzyloxy-2-bromopropan-1 -one as a yellow oil (0 56 g) which was used without further purification

A mixture of 1-(benzo[J ]thιophen-3-yl)-3-benzyloxy-2-bromopropan-1-one

(0 54 g), 2-ιmιdazolιdιnethιone (0 15 g), ethanol (3 ml) and acetic acid (1 ml) was heated under reflux under nitrogen for 18 hours, then the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was triturated with ice-cold ethanol (5 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (5 ml), and dried in vacuo at 60°C to give 3-(benzo[Jb]thιophen-3-yl)-2-ethoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazole hydrobromide as a cream solid (0 19 g), m p > 250°C

Example 14

Vinylmagnesium chloride (1 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 6 7 ml) was added dropwise at 0°C under nitrogen to a stirred suspension of 3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)- 5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 64 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 10 minutes and at ambient temperature for 30 minutes Water (50 ml) was added, and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove tetrahydrofuran, then the product was extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml) The combined extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (2 x 25 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica in Biotage Flash 40ι © equipment using 1 - 5% mixtures of methanol in dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 1-[3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- ύ]thιazol-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-ol as a pale yellow foam (0 12 g), m p 60- 65°C

Example 15

1 -Propynylmagnesιum bromide (0 5 M solution in ether, 10 5 ml) was added dropwise at 0°C under nitrogen to a stirred suspension of 3-(benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)- 5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-£>]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 10 minutes and at ambient temperature for 30 minutes Water (60 ml) and ethyl acetate (100 ml) were added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (2 x 25 ml), dried (MgSO ), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica in Biotage Flash 40ι ® equipment using 1 - 5% mixtures of methanol in dichloromethane as eluant Appropπate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-6]thιazol-2-yl]but- 2-yn-1-ol as a white solid (0 11 g), m p 190 - 200°C (decomposes) Example 16

n-Butyllιthιum (2 5 M solution in hexanes, 4 7 ml) was added dropwise at 0°C under nitrogen to a stirred solution of methyltπphenylphosphonium bromide (4 2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 5 minutes and at ambient temperature for 30 minutes 3-(Benzo[/?]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo- [2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (3 05 g) was added in portions, then the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hours and allowed to cool to ambient temperature Ethyl acetate (75 ml) and water (50 ml) were added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was diluted with 2 5 M hydrochloric acid (75 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours, then it was filtered to remove a gummy semisohd The filtrate was shaken with ethyl acetate (25 ml), then the organic phase was separated, dried (MgSO ), and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave slightly impure 3-(benzo[£>]thιophen- 3-yl)-2-vιnyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-6]thιazole hydrochloride as a white solid (0 85 g) Further product was isolated by extraction with dichloromethane (2 x 50 ml), drying (MgSO₄), and removal of the solvent in vacuo to leave 3- (benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-vιnyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrochloride as a white solid (0 49 g), m p 221 - 223°C

Example 17

3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazole hydro- bromide (2 g) was added in portions under nitrogen at 0 - 5°C over 10 minutes to a stirred solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in ether, 7 2 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0 - 5°C for 30 minutes Allyl bromide (0 87 ml) was added dropwise, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (15 ml) followed by water (10 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (50 ml), then the extract was washed with water (25 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (25 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using 5 - 7% mixtures of methanol in dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents removed in vacuo to give a brown gum (0 36 g) The gum was dissolved in ethanol (2 ml), and a solution of fumaric acid (0 13 g) in ethanol (2 ml) was added The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (10 ml) and dried in vacuo at 75°C to give 2-allyl-3- (benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole fumarate as an off-white solid (0 22 g), m p 163 - 164°C

Example 18

n-Butyl thium (2 5 M solution in hexanes, 1 ml) was added dropwise under nitrogen at -70°C over 10 minutes to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[b]furan-3-yl)-5,6- dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole (0 5 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269) in tetrahydrofuran (6 ml), then the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 30 minutes Dimethylformamide (0 2 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 5 minutes, then it was allowed to warm to ambient temperature Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (30 ml) was added, and the product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml) The combined extracts were washed with water (30 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 9 1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined, and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[b]furan-3-yl)-5,6- dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde as a brown solid (0 24 g), m p 192 - 195°C

3-(Benzo[ύ]furan-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 17 g) was dissolved in methanol (6 ml) by gentle warming, then sodium borohydride (0 035 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes Water (50 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (10 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60°C to give [3-(benzo[b]furan-3-yl)-5,6- dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]methano! as a white solid (0 08 g), m p 184 - 187°C Example 19

A stirred mixture of 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]- thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 5 g), isopropylamine (1 ml), ethanol (50 ml) and acetic acid (1 drop) was heated under reflux for 4 hours, then the solvent was removed //? vacuo The residue was triturated with ether (30 ml), and the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (10 ml) and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to give Λ/-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yI)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ώ]thιazol-2- ylmethylιdene]-1-methylethylamιne as a pale brown solid (0 38 g), m p 180- 182°C

Example 20

Benzyltπmethylammonium chloride (8 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature to a stirred solution of iodine trichloride (10 g) in dichloromethane (120 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 5 hours The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature to give benzyltπmethylammonium tetrachloroiodate as a yellow solid (16 2 g) which was used without further purification

Benzyltπmethylammonium tetrachloroiodate (5 g) was added in portions at

0°C over 10 minutes to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydro- ιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole (3 g) in acetone (125 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour The resulting solid was collected by filtration, triturated with hot propan-2- ol (150 ml) and crystallised from ethanol (150 ml) to give an off-white solid (0 74 g) Concentration of the mother liquor to 75 ml gave a second crop of solid (0 41 g) The two crops of solid were combined, triturated with hot ethanol (40 ml), and the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (10 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60°C to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-chloro-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- έ>]thιazole hydrochloride 0 5 hydrate as an off-white solid (0 91 g), m p 255- 257°C

Example 21

3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -£>]thιazole hydrobromide (6 g) was added in portions under nitrogen at 0- 5°C over 10 minutes to a stirred solution of ethylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in ether, 21 6 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 0- 5°C for 1 hour This mixture was added over 10 minutes at 50 - 70°C to a stirred solution ofΛ/-methoxy- Λ/-methylacetamιde (5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml), then stirring at 70°C was continued for a further 2 5 hours The mixture was cooled in ice, then saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (100 ml), water (100 ml) and ethyl acetate (150 ml) were added The organic layer was separated, washed with a mixture of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml) and water (100 ml), dried (MgSO ), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was triturated with ether (3 x 50 ml), and the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (30 ml) and dried in vacuo to give a yellow solid (1 84 g) A sample (0 25 g) of the solid was crystallised from ethanol (3 5 ml), and the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (5 ml), and dried in vacuo at 75°C to give 2-acetyl-3- (benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole as a yellow solid (0 043 g), m p 203 - 205°C

Example 22

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0 15 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature over 10 minutes to a stirred suspension of [3-(benzo[b]- thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-6]thιazol-2-yl]methanol (1 g) in dimethylform- amide (20 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 45 minutes lodomethane (240 μl) was added, and stirring at ambient temperature was continued for a further 2 hours Water (25 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml) were added, then the organic phase was separated, washed with water (4 x 25 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (25 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using 5- 8% mixtures of methanol in dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in warm ethanol (3 ml), added to a solution of fumaric acid (0 085 g) in warm ethanol (2 ml), and the mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (3 ml), and dried in vacuo at 75°C to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 - J ]thιazole fumarate as a white solid (0 23 g), m p 175- 176°C Example 23

3-(Benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -ό]thιazole hydrobromide (5 g) was added in portions under nitrogen at 0-5°C over 30 minutes to a stirred solution of ethylmagnesium chloride [2 0 M solution in ether (15 ml)] in tetrahydrofuran (75 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour The mixture was cooled to 0 °C, dimethyl disulphide (1 8 ml) was added , then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours, and quenched by the cautious addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (50 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (150 ml), then the extract was washed with water (50 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica in Biotage Flash 40ι © equipment using a 19 1 mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was triturated with ether (20 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[ό]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(methylthιo)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole

(1 9g) as an off-white solid, m p 129 - 131 °C

Example 24

/7-Butyllιthιum (2 5 M solution in hexanes, 1 7 ml) was added under nitrogen to an ice-cold, stirred suspension of methyltπphenylphosphonium bromide (1 5 g) in tetrahydrofuran (25 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes A solution of 2-acetyl-3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- 6]thιazole (1 6 g) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) was added, the mixture was heated under reflux for 4h, allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was quenched by the addition of water (50 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (50 ml), then the extract was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed //? vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using 5- 6% mixtures of methanol in dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(1- methylvιnyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole (0 14 g) as a brown solid, m p 76 °C Examples 25-33

Examples 25 - 33 were prepared as part of a High Speed Analogue library using the following general method :

The appropriate commercially-available Grignard reagent (3 molar equivalents) was added to a solution of 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6- dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde (approximately 50 mg) in tetrahydrofuran (4 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, water (1 ml) was added, then the mixture was left exposed to the atmosphere for 18 hours to allow the solvent to evaporate. Dichloromethane (4 ml) was added and the solution was pipetted onto a ChemElute (CE 1103; pH9) cartridge, allowed to stand for 15 minutes, then the product was eluted from the cartridge with dichloromethane (3 x 4 ml). The solvent was removed in vacuo to leave the required product which was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography on a Hypersil BDS C18 column (100 x 4.6mm) using gradient elution with mixtures of acetonitrile and 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer according to the following time schedule:

All of the products of the following Examples gave satisfactory mass spectra Hplc retention time and % purity are reported for each Example.

Example 25

1 -[3-(Benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -ό]thiazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan- 1-ol (Retention time: 3.28 minutes - Purity: 80%). Example 26

1-[3-(Benzo[ 3]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazol-2-yl]butan-1-ol (Retention time 3 29 minutes - Purity 100%)

Example 27

1-[3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methylbut-3-en- 1-ol (Retention time 3 42 minutes - Purity 100%)

Example 28

1 -[3-(Benzo[5]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-3-methylbutan-1 - ol (Retention time 3 61 minutes - Purity 90%)

Example 29

1 -[3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]pentan-1 -ol (Retention time 3 68 minutes - Purity 100%)

Example 30

1 -[3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]prop-2-yn-1 -ol (Retention time 2 71 minutes - Purity 100%)

Example 31

1-[3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]but-3-en-1-ol (Retention time 3 12 minutes - Purity 96%)

Example 32

1 -[3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methylprop-2- en-1-ol (Retention time 3 13 minutes - Purity 97%) Example 33

1-[3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]pent-4-en-1-ol (Retention time 3 44 minutes - Purity 85%)

Example 34

In a manner similar to that described in Example 4, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)- 5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (prepared via the methodology described in Example 6) was reacted with 2-methoxyphenylmagnesιum bromide and the product was recrystallised from a mixture of methanol and propan-2-ol to give [3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-6]thιazol-2-yl](2-methoxyphenyl)- methanol as a white solid, m p 195 - 197 °C

Example 35

n-Butyllithium (2 5M solution in hexanes, 73 8 ml) was added dropwise over 45 minutes at 0 - 4 °C under nitrogen to a stirred mixture of methyltπphenylphosphonium bromide (65 7 g) and tetrahydrofuran (680 ml), then the mixture was stirred at 4 °C for 10 minutes and at ambient temperature for 30 minutes 3-(Benzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-6]thιazole-2- carboxaldehyde (48 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6) was added in portions at ambient temperature, then the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 hours, cooled to ambient temperature, and added to water (500 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 400 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with water (400 ml), dπed (MgSO ), and the solvents were removed/n vacuo The residue was triturated with ethyl acetate (300 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and recrystallised from ethyl acetate to give an off-white solid The liquors from the tπturation and recrystallisation were combined and concentrated to give a further crop of solid This was repeated until no further solid was isolable All of the crops of solid were combined and repeatedly recrystallised from ethyl acetate until >99% pure (by hplc) to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-vιnyl- 5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-Jb]thιazole as an off-white solid (43 5 g) The majority of the solid (41 g) was dissolved in warm methanol (500 ml) and added to a saturated solution of fumaric acid (16 7 g) in methanol, then the solvent was removed//7 vacuo The residue was stirred with ether (500 ml) for 3 hours and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at ambient temperature for 24 hours to give 3-(benzo[6]thiophen-3-yl)-2-vinyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole fumarate (56.8 g) as a white solid, m.p. 161 - 162 °C.

Example 36

In a manner similar to that described in Example 35, 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3- yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde was reacted with ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide and n-butyllithium to give crude product which was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 19:1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents removed in vacuo to give a 3.7:1 mixture of E- and Z-3- (benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-2-prop-1-enyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-/)]thiazole as a yellow solid, m.p. 62 - 68 C.

Example 37

In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)- 6,7-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine (prepared in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269) was brominated, then reacted with ethylmagnesium chloride followed by dimethylformamide to give 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-6,7- dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxaldehyde. This was reduced with sodium borohydride in a manner similar to that described in Example 2 to give [3- (benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl]methanol as an off-white solid, m.p. 174 - 176 °C.

Example 38

A mixture of 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-6]thiazole-2- carboxaldehyde (0.5 g; prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.16 g) and formic acid (1.3 ml) was heated at 90 - 95

°C for 25 hours, then diluted with ether (50 ml). The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (30 ml) and purified by flash chromatography over silica using 95:5 followed by 85:15 mixtures of dichloromethane and methanol as eluants. Appropriate fractions were combined, and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[5]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ώ]thiazole-2-carbonitrile 0.3 formate (0.12 g) as a white solid, m.p. 195 - 196 °C.

Example 39

A solution of diethyl benzylphosphonate (1.5 ml) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added dropwise at ambient temperature under nitrogen to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersal in mineral oil; 0.26 g) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes. 3-(Benzo[ύ]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0.83 g; prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6) was added in one portion, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 72 hours, then it was quenched by the addition of water (30 ml). The product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml), the combined extracts were dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was triturated with ether (20 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration. The ethereal liquors were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was triturated with ether (10 ml) to give a second crop of solid. The combined solids were dried in vacuo to give 3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-2- styryl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazole (0.49 g) as a yellow solid, m.p. 153 - 155 °C.

Example 40

In a manner similar to that described in Example 6, 3-(5-chloro- benzo[5]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole (prepared by basification of the hydrobromide salt obtained in a manner similar to that described in WO 97/02269) was brominated, then reacted with ethylmagnesium chloride followed by dimethylformamide to give 3-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydro- imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde as a yellow solid, m.p. 258 - 260 °C, Example 41

Sodium borohydride (0 06 g) was added to a stirred suspension of 3-(5- chlorobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 31 g) in ethanol (15 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours, then water (15 ml) was added The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (15 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60 °C to give [3-(5- chlorobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ώ]thιazol-2-yl]methanol (0 14 g) as a white solid, m p 204 - 206 °C

Example 42

[3-(5-Chlorobenzo[jb]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]- methanol (0 6 g) was prepared in a manner similar to that described in Examples 40 and 41 However, on this occasion the product was impure Consequently it was purified by preparative-scale hplc using mixtures of acetonitrile and aqueous tπethylammonium formate buffer as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was triturated with water (2 x 3 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo at 60 °C to give [3-(5-chlorobenzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]- methanol formate (0 19 g) as an off-white solid, m p 171 - 173 °C

Example 43

In a manner similar to that described in Example 23, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3- yl)-2-bromo-5 6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide (5 g) was reacted with ethylmagnesium chloride followed by diphenyl disulphide to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(phenylthιo)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole (0 6 g) as a yellow solid, m p 123 - 125 °C Example 44

Methylamine (2M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 8 7 ml) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0 56 g) were added under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (0 5 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6) in tetrahydrofuran (20 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 72 hours Further methylamine solution (4 3 ml) was added, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 48 hours, then it was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (50 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml), the combined extracts were washed with water (30 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (30 ml), then they were dried (MgSO₄) and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 9 1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to give [3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]-Λ/- methylmethylamine (0 19 g) as a waxy solid, m p 102 - 104 °C

Example 45

A solution of oxalyl chloride (13 ml) in dichloromethane (20 ml) was added dropwise at -10 - 0 °C under nitrogen to a stirred solution of cyclopropylacetic acid (5 g) and dimethylformamide (2 drops) in dichloromethane (20 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave cyclopropylacetyl chloride as a brown oil which was used without purification

Potassium carbonate (9 2 g) was added in portions at 0 - 5 °C over 10 minutes to a stirred solution of Λ/, 0-dιmethylnydroxylamιne hydrochloride (5 1 g) in the minimum volume of water, then dichloromethane (30 ml) was added The above cyclopropylacetyl chloride was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml) and the solution was added dropwise at -5 - 0 °C to the dimethylhydroxylamine solution The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 minutes and at ambient temperature for 2 hours, then the product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 50 ml) The combined extracts were dried (Na₂SO ) and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give cyclopropyl-Λ/-methoxy-Λ/-methylacetamide (6.2 g) as a pale brown oil which was used without purification.

A few drops of a solution of 3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene (8.7 g) in tetrahydrofuran (35 ml) were added under nitrogen to a mixture of magnesium turnings (1.05 g), 2 crystals of iodine and tetrahydrofuran (5 ml), and the mixture was warmed gently to initiate the reaction. The remainder of the solution was then added at a rate sufficient to maintain gentle relux. When the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 1.5 hours then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. A solution of cyclopropyl-Λ/-methoxy-Λ/-methylacetamide (6 g) in tetrahydrofuran (35 ml) was added at ambient temperature, the mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 5 hours, and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was quenched by the addition of 2M hydrochloric acid (50 ml) and stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (2 x 100 ml), the combined extracts were washed with water (2 x 30 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (2 x 30 ml), then they were dried (MgSO₄) and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 1 :3 mixture of dichloromethane and petroleum ether (b.p. 60 - 80 °C) as eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to give 1-(benzo[ύ]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl- ethan-1-one (4.15 g) as an orange oil which was used without further purification.

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (1.74 g) was added under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropylethan-1-one (1 g) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethanol (12 ml), 2-imidazolidinethione (0.47 g) and acetic acid (4 ml) were added, the mixture was heated under reflux under nitrogen for 18 hours, then the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 1 :3 mixture of dichloromethane and ether as eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to leave 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]- thiazole hydrobromide (0.72 g) as an off-white solid, m.p. 181 - 183 °C. Example 46

A solution of iodine monochloπde (1 83 g) in dichloromethane (5 ml) was added dropwise at ambient temperature to a stirred solution of 3-(benzo[b]thιophen- 3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole (3 8 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6) in dichloromethane (200 ml) and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 minutes The resulting solid was colected by filtration, washed with dichloromethane (50 ml) and dried in air to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3- yl)-2-ιodo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrochloride (1 3 g) as a pale yellow solid, m p 194 7 - 195 2 °C

Example 47

A solution of dimethyl 2-oxopropylphosphonate (1 28 g) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml) was added dropwise at ambient temperature under nitrogen to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0 46 g) in tetrahydrofuran (15 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 minutes 3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carbox- aldehyde (2 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6) was added in portions, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours and at reflux temperature for 7 hours, then it was allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 18 hours The solvent was removed //? vacuo, the residue was diluted with water (200 ml), and the product was extracted into dichloromethane (200 ml) The extract was dried (Na₂SO₄), the solvent was removed in vacuo, then the residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 19 1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to give 4-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1 - D]thιazol-2-yl]but-3-ene-2-one (1 15 g) as a yellow solid, m p 164 - 166 °C

Sodium borohydride (36 mg) was added to a stirred solution of 4-[3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]but-3-ene-2-one (0 28 g) in ethanol (10 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours, then the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was diluted with water (100 ml) and the product was extracted into dichloromethane (100 ml), then the extract was dried (Na₂SO ) and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was triturated with ether (20 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give 4-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol 2-yl]but-3-en-2-ol (0 16 g) as an off-white solid, m p 161 - 162 °C

Example 48

In a manner similar to that described in Example 17, 3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3- yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide was reacted with ethylmagnesium chloride followed by 3-bromo-2-methylpropene and fumaric acid to give 3-(benzo[Jb]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]- thiazole fumarate as an off-white solid, m p 54 - 64 °C

Example 49

A solution of tetraethyl (dιmethylamιno)methylenedιphosphonate (2 32 g) in 1 ,4-dιoxane (5 ml) was added dropwise at ambient temperature under nitrogen to a stirred suspension of sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0 28 g) in 1 ,4- dioxane (5 ml), and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature until the evolution of hydrogen ceased 3-(Benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2- carboxaldehyde (2 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described in Example 6) was added, the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 1 3 hours and at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was poured into water (50 ml) The product was extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 30 ml), the combined extracts were dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 93 7 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to give diethyl 2-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2- yl]-1-(dιmethylamιno)ethenylphosphonate (1 78 g) as a red oil which was used without further purification

A mixture of 2-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2- yl]-1-(dιmethylamιno)ethenylphosphonate (1 7 g) and concentrated hydrochloric acid

(12 ml) was heated under reflux for 1 hour then cooled in ice The product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml), the combined extracts were dπed

(MgSO ) and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in water (30 ml), the solution was neutralised by the addition of an excess of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, and the product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ) and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethanol (2 ml), oxalic acid (15 mg) was added, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was triturated with ether (10 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give ethyl [3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1- b]thiazol-2-yl]acetate oxalate (40 mg) as an off-white solid, m.p.102 - 104 °C.

Example 50

sec-Butyllithium (1.25M solution in a 92:8 mixture of cyclohexane and hexane; 100 ml) was added dropwise at -70 °C under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 4-fluorophenyl methyl sulphide (22.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran, then the mixture was stirred at -70 °C for 65 minutes. Dimethylformamide (13.2 ml) was added dropwise at -68 °C to -70 °C, the stirred mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature slowly over 20 hours, then it was added to a solution of acetic acid (10 ml) in water (500 ml). The product was extracted into ether (3 x 150 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with 2M hydrochloric acid (200 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (200 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The residue (25 g), which was used without further purification, was estimated to consist predominantly of a 2:3 mixture of 4-fluorophenyl methyl sulphide and 2-fluoro-5-(methylthio)benzaldehyde respectively by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

A stirred mixture of methyl thioglycolate (8.9 ml), crude 2-fluoro-5-

(methylthio)benzaldehyde (25 g), dimethyl acetamide (250 ml) and Λ/,Λ/-diisopropyl- ethylamine (42 ml) was heated at 140 - 150 °C under nitrogen for 3.5 hours, then the solvent was removed in vacuo. Water (650 ml) was added to the residue, then the product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 150 ml). The combined extracts were washed with water (3 x 150 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvent removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by trituration with ether (250 ml), then the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (2 x 50 ml), and dried//? vacuo to give methyl 5-(methylthio)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (13.3 g) as a pale yellow solid, m.p. 89.7 - 90.4 °C. Sodium hydroxide (8 g) was dissolved in water (100 ml) then the solution was added to a stirred solution of methyl 5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophene-2-carboxylate (23 8 g, prepared in a manner similar to that described above) in methanol (300 ml) The mixture was heated under reflux for 10 minutes then allowedto stand at ambient temperature for 3 days The suspension was concentrated to a total volume of approximately 250 ml by heating, then water (100 ml) was added and the mixture hot filtered to remove insoluble material A solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid (40 ml) in water (20 ml) was added to the filtrate and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with water, then dried in vacuo at 80 °C to give 5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophene-2-carboxylιc acid (21 g) as a pale yellow solid, m p 186 - 186 5 °C

A mixture of copper powder (5 3 g), 5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophene-2- carboxylic acid (20 g) and quinoline (100 ml) was stirred and heated under reflux under nitrogen for 30 minutes, then hot filtered The filtrate was added to a mixture of concentrated hydrochloric acid (100 ml), ice (500 g) and ether (200 ml), then the resulting solid was collected by filtration and washed with ether (200 ml) The aqueous phase was separated and further product extracted from it into ether (2 x 150 ml) The combined ethereal solutions were washed with 2M hydrochloric acid (200 ml) and water (200 ml), dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvent removed //? vacuo to give 5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophene (14 7 g) as a light brown solid which was used without further purification

A solution of 5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophene (14 7 g) in dichloromethane

(180 ml) was added at <0 °C under nitrogen to a stirred mixture of aluminium bromide (26 2 g), bromoacetyl bromide (7 12 ml) and dichloromethane (120 ml), the resulting dark red-brown solution was stirred at <0 °C for 30 minutes and at ambient temperature for 20 hours, then it was added to a mixture of ice (600 g) and concentrated hydrochloπc acid (50 ml) Dichloromethane (300 ml) was added and insoluble mateπals were removed by filtration (Cehte ®) The aqueous phase was separated and further product extracted from it into dichloromethane (300 ml), then the combined dichloromethane solutions were dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in a mixture of acetic acid (200 ml) and dichloromethane (200 ml), a solution of 2-ιmιdazolιdιnethιone (5 29 g) in acetic acid (200 ml) was added, then the dichloromethane was removed by distillation The remaining mixture was heated under reflux for two hours, then the total volume was reduced to approximately 200 ml by heating in vacuo The hot solution was removed from insoluble material by decantation, then allowed to cool Further solid precipitated and was removed as before, then the solvents were removed in vacuo at 50 °C The residue was mixed with water (300 ml) and 5M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (300 ml) then the product was extracted into dichloromethane (300 ml) The extract was dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was partially purified by flash chromatography over silica using ethyl acetate then an 8 1 1 mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol and triethylamine as eluants Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents removed in vacuo to leave 3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole as a yellow-brown gum (3 6 g), which was used without further purification

A solution of bromine (1 87 g) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was added dropwise at 15 - 20 °C to a stirred solution of 3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophen-3- yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole (3 55 g) in dichloromethane (80 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 minutes, then the dichloromethane solution was separated by decantation from insoluble materials and concentrated in vacuo The residue was triturated with dichloromethane (10 ml) and the resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give 2-bromo-3-[5-(methylthιo)- benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide (2 97 g) as a yellow-brown solid, m p 260 - 265 °C

Example 51

Ethylmagnesium chloride (2 8M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 8 76 ml) was added at -10 °C under nitrogen to a stirred suspension of 2-bromo-3-[5-(methylthιo)- benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide (2 9 g) in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 90 minutes and cooled to -5 °C Dimethylformamide (5 ml) was added, the resulting suspension was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature, then ethyl acetate (200 ml) and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (200 ml) were added The ethyl acetate layer was separated, dried (Na₂SO₄), and the solvents removed in vacuo to give 3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]- thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde (1 4 g) as a solid, m p 157-158 5 °C, which was used without further purification Sodium borohydride (0.114 g) was added to a stirred solution of 3-[5-(methylthio)benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carbox- aldehyde (0.664 g) in ethanol (40 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours and quenched by the addition of 5M hydrochloric acid (10 ml). The mixture was basified by the addition of an excess of 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and concentrated in vacuo to remove ethanol, then the product was extracted into dichloromethane (3 x 30 ml). The combined extracts were dried (MgSO ), the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was purified by Biotage flash chromatography over silica using a 34:3:3 mixture of ethyl acetate, industrial methylated spirit and triethylamine as eluant. Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo, then the residue was triturated with ether (10 ml). The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in air to give {3-[5-(methylthio)benzo[/j]thiophen-3-yl]-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1-ib]thiazol-2-yl}- methanol (0.13 g) as a beige solid, m.p. 164 - 167 °C.

Example 52

In a manner similar to that described in Example 22, [3-(benzo[ό]thiophen-3- yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-ό]thiazol-2-yl]methanol (0.5 g) was reacted with sodium hydride and bromomethylcyclopropane followed by fumaric acid. In this case the salt formation was carried out in methanol solution and no solid product precipitated. Consequently, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was triturated with ether (10 ml). The resulting solid was collected by filtration and dried in vacuo to give 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyimethoxymethyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo-

[2,1-b]thiazole fumarate (40 mg) as a pale brown solid, m.p. 82 - 98 °C.

Example 53

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil; 0.153 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature over 10 minutes to a stirred suspension of [3-(benzo[ύ]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]methanol (1 g) in dimethylformamide (50 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. 1-Chloroprop-2-yne (276 μl) was added, and stirring at ambient temperature was continued for a further 2 hours. Further 1-chloroprop-2-yne (27 μl) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. Water (50 ml) was added, the product was extracted into ethyl acetate (3 x 50 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with water (4 x 25 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (25 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using 5 - 8% mixtures of methanol in dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in methanol (15 ml), fumaric acid (0 185 g) was added, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 hours, then it was warmed to dissolve the product and filtered to remove a small amount of insoluble material The solvent was removed//? vacuo to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -£>]- thiazole fumarate (0 67 g) as a brown solid, m p 120 °C (softens 80 - 90 °C)

Example 54

A solution of potassium hydroxide (4 87 g) in a mixture of ethanol (140 ml) and water (35 ml) was added in one portion at ambient temperature under nitrogen to a stirred solution of 2-methoxybenzenethιol (10 6 ml) in a mixture of ethanol (125 ml) and water (7 5 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 5 hours A solution of 1-chloro-4-phenoxybut-2-yne (15 7 g) in a mixture of ethanol (125 ml) and water (7 5 ml) was added dropwise over 1 5 hours, then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, and the solvents were removed//? vacuo The residue was diluted with water (75 ml), the product was extracted into ethyl acetate (2 x 115 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with water (50 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (50 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave 1-(2-methoxyphenylthιo)-4-phenoxybut-2-yne (24 7 g) as a yellow oil which was used without further purification

A solution of 3-chloroperoxybenzoιc acid (70% purity, 9 1 g) in chloroform (210 ml) was added dropwise at 0 - 5 °C over 1 5 hours to a stirred solution of 1-(2-methoxyphenylthιo)-4-phenoxybut-2-yne (10 5 g) in chloroform (95 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was washed with 5% aqueous sodium carbonate solution (3 x 120 ml) and water (3 x 80 ml) and dried (MgSO ) The chloroform solution was stirred and heated under reflux for 7 hours and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then it was washed with 5M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (115 ml), water (4 x 110 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml) and dried (MgSO₄) The solvent was removed in vacuo to leave 1-(7-methoxy-2,3-dιhydrobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2- phenoxyethan-1-one (10 7 g) as a brown gum which was used without further purification

A mixture of 1-(7-methoxy-2,3-dιhydrobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-phenoxy- ethan-1-one (10 7 g), acetic acid (100 ml) and concentrated sulphuric acid (12 drops) was heated at 90 - 95 °C for 3 hours then cooled to ambient temperature and poured onto water (800 ml) The product was extracted into dichloromethane (2 x 250 ml), the combined extracts were washed with 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 x 200 ml) and water (3 x 200 ml), then they were dried (MgSO₄) and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 1 1 mixture of dichloromethane and petroleum ether (b p 60 - 80 °C) as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to give 1-(7-methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)ethan-1-one (2 g) as a brown oil which was used without further purification

Phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (2 55 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature under nitrogen over 20 minutes to a stirred solution of 1-(7-methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)ethan-1-one (1 4 g) in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour, then it was filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in ethanol (30 ml), 2-ιmιdazolιdιnethιone (0 69 g) and acetic acid (20 ml) were added, the mixture was heated under reflux for 18 hours, then it was cooled to ambient temperature The resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with ether (20 ml) and dried in vacuo at 60 °C to give 3-(7-methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- ]thιazole hydrobromide (1 48 g) as a grey solid, m p 277 - 279 °C

3-(7-Methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazole hydrobromide (1 48 g) was basified by the addition of 2M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (110 ml) and the free base was extracted into dichloromethane (150 ml) The extract was washed with water (2 x 70 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvent was removed in vacuo The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (23 ml), then the stirred solution was cooled to 0 - 5°C and a solution of bromine (0 68 g) in dichloromethane (4 7 ml) was added dropwise over 45 minutes The mixture was stirred at 0 - 5 °C for 30 minutes and allowed to stand at ambient temperature for 18 hours, then the resulting solid was collected by filtration, washed with dichloromethane (20 ml) and dried in vacuo to give 2-bromo-3-(7-methoxy- benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole hydrobromide (1 22g) as a white solid, m p 240 - 242 °C

Example 55

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0 38 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature over 10 minutes to a stirred suspension of [3-(benzo[ό]- thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]methanol (2 5 g) in dimethylformamide (50 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours 2-Bromopropane (0 9 ml) was added and stirring at ambient temperature was continued for 2 hours Further 2-bromopropane (0 4 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 72 hours Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0 07 g) was added, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes, then 2-bromopropane (0 16 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours Water (100 ml) was added, the product was extracted into ethyl acetate (100 + 2 x 75 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with water (3 x 100 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (100 ml), dried (MgSO₄), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 1 19 mixture of methanol and dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 9 1 mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo to give 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-ιsopropoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole (0 12 g) as a yellow solid, m p 64 - 66 °C

Example 56

Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0 46 g) was added in portions at ambient temperature over 10 minutes to a stirred suspension of [3-(benzo[b]- thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ύ]thιazol-2-yl]methanol (3 g) in dimethylformamide (80 ml), then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours Bromomethylcyclobutane (1 7 g) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 5 hours Further bromomethylcyclobutane (0 16 g) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour Further bromomethylcyclobutane (0 16 g) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours Tic showed starting material still remained, so bromomethylcyclobutane (0 32 g) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours and at 55 °C for 1 hour Further sodium hydride (0 042 g) and bromomethylcyclobutane (0 8 g) were added and the mixture was stirred at 55 °C for 1 hour and at ambient temperature for 18 hours Water (100 ml) was added, the product was extracted into ethyl acetate (100 + 3 x 75 ml), then the combined extracts were washed with water (4 x 75 ml) and saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution (75 ml), dried (MgSO ), and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 1 19 mixture of methanol and dichloromethane as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica using a 3 1 mixture of petroleum ether (b p 60 - 80 °C) and ethyl acetate followed by a 19 1 mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as eluants Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents were removed in vacuo A sample (30 mg from 70mg) of the residue was further purified by preparative scale hplc on a C8 symmetry shield column using a 2 3 mixture of acetonitrile and tπethylammonium formate buffer as eluant Appropriate fractions were combined and the solvents removed in vacuo to give 3-(benzo[ύ]thιophen-3-yl)-2-cyclobutylmethoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]- thiazole (12 mg) as a brown gum, ⁱH-nmr (DMSO-d₆) δ_H 1 61 - 1 84 (6H, m, 3 x cyclobutane CH₂), 2 36 - 2 41 (1 H, m, cyclobutane CH), 3 22 (2H, d, CH₂O), 3 49 - 3 61 (2H, m, CH₂N), 3 98 - 4 05 (2H, m, CH₂O), 4 11 - 4 15 (2H, m, CH₂N), 7 45 - 7 49 (2H, m, 2 x ArH), 7 77 - 7 81 (1 H, m, ArH), 8 01 (1 H, s, ArH), 8 08 - 8 11 (1 H, m, ArH)

Example A

The use of compounds of the present invention in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions is illustrated by the following description In this description the term "active compound" denotes any compound of the invention but particularly any compound which is the final product of one of the preceding Examples a) Capsules

In the preparation of capsules, 10 parts by weight of active compound and 240 parts by weight of lactose are de-aggregated and blended The mixture is filled into hard gelatin capsules, each capsule containing a unit dose or part of a unit dose of active compound

b) Tablets

Tablets are prepared from the following ingredients

Parts by weight

Active compound 10

Lactose 190

Maize starch 22 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 10

Magnesium stearate 3

The active compound, the lactose and some of the starch are de-aggregated, blended and the resulting mixture is granulated with a solution of the polyvinyl- pyrrolidone in ethanol The dry granulate is blended with the magnesium stearate and the rest of the starch The mixture is then compressed in a tabletting machine to give tablets each containing a unit dose or a part of a unit dose of active compound

c) Enteric coated tablets

Tablets are prepared by the method described in (b) above The tablets are enteric coated in a conventional manner using a solution of 20% cellulose acetate phthalate and 3% diethyl phthalate in ethanol dichloromethane (1 1 )

d) Suppositories

In the preparation of suppositories, 100 parts by weight of active compound is incorporated in 1300 parts by weight of tπglyceπde suppository base and the mixture formed into suppositories each containing a therapeutically effective amount of active ingredient

Claims

1) Compounds of Formula

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

g is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4,

Ri is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substιtuted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substιtuted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an ammo group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R-i being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4,

R₂ and R₃ are each H ,

R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, anα-hydroxy(2- C-|_₃alkoxyphenyl)methyl group, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, a hydroxycycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a C₃.₇alkynylalkoxyCι.₃alkyl group, a C .₇cycloalkylalkoxyd.₃alkyI group, a Cι.₃alkoxyCι.₃alkyl group, a Cι.₃alkylthιod.₃alkyl group, a Cι.₃alkoxy group, a d.₃alkylthιo group, an arylthio group, a d-β alkanoyl group, a C₃.₆ alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, cyano, halo, a

group, a d. ₄alkylamιnoalkyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group ,

R₅ is H or halo

2) Compounds of Formula I according to claim 1 including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

A is S or O,

g is O, 1 , 2, 3, or 4,

n is 2 or 3,

Ri is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano, i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally N- substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substιtuted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an ammo group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R- being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4,

R₂ and R₃ are each H, R represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, a hydroxycycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a Cι.₃alkoxyCι.₃alkyl group, a d.₃alkylthιoCι.₃alkyl group, a Cι.₃alkoxy group, a Cι.₃alkylthιo group, a d-s alkanoyl group, halo, a

group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group, and

R₅ is H or halo

3) Compounds as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 in which A is S

4) Compounds as claimed in either claim 1 or claim 2 in which A is O

5) Compounds as claimed in any previous claim in which R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, an alkenyl group containing 2 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more C₁- alkyl groups, a

alkyliminomethyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group

6) Compounds as claimed in any previous claim in which R represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 5 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond or an alkenyl group containing 2 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more methyl groups

7) Compounds as claimed in any previous claim in which R₄ represents hydroxymethyl or vinyl 8) Compounds as claimed in any previous claim in which n is 2

9) Compounds as claimed in any previous claim in which g is 0 or 1 , and Ri is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, or c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo

10) Compounds as claimed in any previous claim in which R₅ is H

11 ) Compounds according to claim I of Formula la

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in which

n is 2 or 3,

Ri is a) halo, b) an alkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, c) an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, d) an alkylthio group, an alkylsulphinyl group or an alkylsulphonyl group each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more halo, e) hydroxy, f) an acyloxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, g) a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, h) cyano i) an alkanoyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, j) an alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, k) a carbamoyl group or a carbamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substιtuted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, I) a sulphamoyl or sulphamoylmethyl group each optionally Λ/-substιtuted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or m) an ammo group optionally substituted by one or two alkyl groups each containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R-i being the same or different when g is 2, 3 or 4, and

R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, anα-hydroxy(2- C-ι-₃ alkoxyphenyl)methyl group, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group containing 8 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a C_{3 7}alkynylalkoxyd ₃alkyl group, a C₄ ₇cycloalkylalkoxyCι ₃alkyl group, a d.₃alkoxyCι ₃alkyl group, a Ci ₃alkylthιod ₃alkyl group, a Cι.₃alkoxy group, a Ci ₃alkylthιo group, an arylthio group, a Cι ₆ alkanoyl group, a C₃.₆ alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, cyano, halo, a

group, a

group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group

12) Compounds according to claim 11 in which A is S

13) Compounds according to claim 11 or claim 12 in which n is 2

14) Compounds according to any one of claims 11 to 13 in which g is 0 or 1

15) Compounds according to any one of claims 1 1 to 14 in which R^ is halo, an alkoxy group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkylthio group containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms

16) Compounds according to any one of claims 1 1 to 15 in which A is O

17) Compounds according to any one of claims 1 1 to 16 in which R₄ represents a hydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an α-hydroxy(2-C₁ ₃alkoxyphenyl)methyl group, a hydroxyalkenyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the double bond, a hydroxyalkynyl group containing 3 to 4 carbon atoms in which hydroxy is not attached directly to either carbon of the triple bond, an alkenyl group containing 2 to 3 carbon atoms, a d ₃alkylthιo group, a d ₂ alkanoyl group or a hydroxyiminomethyl group 18) A compound selected from

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carboxaldehyde,

[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-Jb]thιazol-2-yl]methanol,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-rj]thιazol-2-yl]ethanol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, 3-(benzo[J ]thιophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-6,7-dιhydro-5H-thιazolo[3,2-a]pyπmιdιne,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]-1-methylethanol,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]propan-1 -ol,

2-bromo-3-(5-methoxybenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

2-bromo-3-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1- ]thιazole, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yI)-2-ethoxymethyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazole,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -£>]thιazol-2-yl]prop-2-en-1 -ol,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]but-2-yn-1-ol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-vιnyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

2-allyl-3-(benzo[6]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, [3-(benzo[b]furan-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazoI-2-yl]methanol,

/V-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-ylmethylιdene]-1 - methylethylamine, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-chloro-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazole,

2-acetyl-3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(methoxymethyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(methylthιo)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(1-methylvιnyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, 1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 - ol ,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]butan-1-ol , 1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yI)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methyIbut-3-en- 1-ol , 1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-3-methylbutan-1 - ol,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-ό]thιazol-2-yl]pentan-1-ol, 1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]prop-2-yn-1 -ol ,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]but-3-en-1 -ol ,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methylprop-2- en-1-ol,

1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]pent-4-en-1-ol,

[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl](2- methoxyphenyl)methanol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-prop-1 -enyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazole,

[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-6,7-dιhydro-5H-thιazolo[3,2-a]pyπmιdιn-2-yl]methanol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2-carbonιtπle,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-styryl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, 3-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole-2- carboxaldehyde,

[3-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]methanol, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(phenylthιo)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]-/V- methylmethylamme, 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropyl-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-ιodo-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

4-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2 1-b]thιazol-2-yl]but-3-en-2-ol,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole, ethyl [3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]acetate, 2-bromo-3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazole,

{3-[5-(methylthιo)benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl]-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2- yljmethanol, 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclopropylmethoxymethyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1- b]thiazole;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-prop-2-ynyloxymethyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

2-bromo-3-(7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-isopropoxymethyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazole; and 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-cyclobutylmethoxymethyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 - b]thiazole

including pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and individual enantiomers, racemates or other mixtures of enantiomers.

19) A compound selected from 3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yI)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde;

[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yI)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]methanol;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-2-carboxaldehyde oxime;

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2, 1 -b]thiazol-2-yl]ethanol;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-bromo-6,7-dihydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine; 1-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yI]-1-methylethanol;

1-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]propan-1-ol;

2-bromo-3-(5-methoxybenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

2-bromo-3-(5-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-ethoxymethyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole; 1-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-ol;

1-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]but-2-yn-1-ol;

3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-2-vinyl-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

2-allyl-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole;

[3-(benzo[b]furan-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-yl]methanol; Λ/-[3-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-5,6-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-2-ylmethylidene]-1- methylethylamine; 3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-chloro-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

2-acetyl-3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl)-2-(1-methylvιnyl)-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazole,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl i-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 - ol , 1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl 5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]butan-1 -ol ,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl ι-5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]-2-methylbut-3-en- 1-ol , 1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl -5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yI]-3-methylbutan-1 - ol,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl -5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazoI-2-yl]pentan-1-ol, 1-[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl -5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2,1-b]thιazol-2-yl]prop-2-yn-1-ol ,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl -5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]but-3-en-1 -ol ,

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl -5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazoI-2-yl]-2-methylprop-2- en-1-ol, and

1 -[3-(benzo[b]thιophen-3-yl -5,6-dιhydroιmιdazo[2, 1 -b]thιazol-2-yl]pent-4-en-1 -ol,

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof

20) A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, as claimed in any previous claim, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier

21) A compound of Formula I, as claimed in any previous claim, for use as a medicament

22) A compound of Formula I, as claimed in any previous claim for use in the treatment of depression, anxiety, psychoses, schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischaemia, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and stress, and as an aid to smoking cessation

23) A compound of Formula I, as claimed in any previous claim for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage

24) Use of a compound of Formula I, as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of depression, anxiety, psychoses, schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischaemia, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and stress, and as an aid to smoking cessation and in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage

25) A method of treating depression, anxiety, psychoses, schizophrenia, tardive dyskinesia, obesity, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischaemia, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, panic attacks, social phobias, eating disorders such as bulimia, anorexia, snacking and binge eating, non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, stress, and seizures, neurological disorders such as epilepsy and/or conditions in which there is neurological damage such as stroke, brain trauma, cerebral ischaemia, head injuries and haemorrhage comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, to a patient in need thereof

26) A method of reducing the craving to smoke in human beings which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, to a patient in need thereof 27) A method of reducing weight gam after smoking cessation in human beings which comprises the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, to a patient in need thereof

28) A compound of Formula I, as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, for use in the treatment or prevention of metabolic diseases and conditions arising therefrom, in particular non exercise activity thermogenesis and increased metabolic rate, sexual dysfunction, sleep apnoea, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence, hyperactivity disorders, hiatial hernia and reflux esophagitis, pain, especially neuropathic pain, weight gain associated with drug treatment, chronic fatigue syndrome, osteoarthπtis and gout, cancers associated with weight gam, menstrual dysfunction, gallstones, orthostatic hypotension and pulmonary hypertension

29) A compound of Formula I, as claimed in any of claims 1 to 19, for use in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, in reducing platelet adhesiveness, in aiding weight loss after pregnancy or in aiding weight loss after smoking cessation

30) The use of a compound which is a 5-HTι_A agonist and which is also monoamine reuptake inhibitor particularly a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of obesity and related co-morbid conditions without causing cardiovascular side effects

31) A method of treating obesity without causing cardiovascular side-effects comprising the administration of a compound which is a 5-HT-ι_A agonist and which is also a monoamine reuptake inhibitor particularly a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor to a patient in need thereof

32) A compound of Formula I as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19 for use in the treatment obesity and related co-morbid conditions

33) A process for the preparation of compounds of Formula I comprising

a) dehydrating a compound of Formula II

in which A,R-ι ,R₂,R3,R₄,R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined, optionally in the presence of an acid at a temperature in the range 0-200°C; or

b) by reacting a compound of Formula

in which R₂,R3 and n are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound of Formula IV

in which Z is a leaving group and A,R₁ ,R ,R₅ and g are as hereinbefore defined, at a temperature in the range 0-200°C, optionally in the presence of an acid, and optionally in the presence of a solvent, without isolation of the intermediate of Formula II, or

c) reacting a compound of Formula V

in which A, R_{1 τ} R₂ R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined, with a halogenating agent at a temperature in the range -50-200°C optionally in the presence of a solvent to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents halo , or

d) reacting a compound of Formula VI

in which A, R_{1 τ} R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with an organometallic reagent of formula R_xMgX or R_xLι in which R_x is a C ₅ alkyl group, an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms or (2-d.₃alkoxyphenyl) and X is halo, in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a group of Formula -CH(OH)R_x in which R_x is as hereinbefore defined, or

e) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is a d ₅ alkyl group, an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms or (2-C₁.₃alkoxyphenyl) with a reducing agent in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range of 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a group of Formula -CH(OH)R_y in which R_y is a d-₅ alkyl group, an alkenyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group containing 2-5 carbon atoms or (2-d.₃alkoxyphenyl) , or

f) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with a reducing agent, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R is hydroxymethyl, or g) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R^ ₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof optionally in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range of 0-250°C to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ is hydroxyiminomethyl ; or

h) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R_{1 t} R₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof in the presence of formic acid at a temperature in the range of 0-250°C to give compounds of Formula I in which F is cyano; or

i) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, Ri, R₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y is H with an amine of Formula R_aNH₂ wherein R_a represents a d- alkyl group optionally in the presence of a solvent, optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, at a temperature in the range 0-250°C to give compounds of Formula i in which R₄ represents a C₁-₄alkyliminomethylene group; or

j) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a C-i- ₄alkyliminomethylene group, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined, with a reducing agent in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range of 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a d-₄alkylaminomethylene group; or

k) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, g and n are as hereinbefore defined and R_y represents hydrogen with an amine of formula R_aNH₂ wherein R_a represents a d-₄ alkyl group and a reducing agent, in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a

group ; or

I) reacting a compound of Formula VI in which R_y is a C₁.₅ alkyl group, and A, R_{1 t} R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with an organometallic reagent of formula R_xMgX or R_xLi in which R_x is a C₁.5 alkyl group and X is halo, in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a group of formula -C(OH)R_xR_y in which R_x and R_y are each independently a d.₅ alkyl group; or

m) reacting a compound of Formula VI, as hereinbefore defined except that R_y is OR_z in which R_z is a d-₆alkyl group, with an organometallic reagent of formula R_xMgX or R_xϋ in which R_x is a d.₂ alkyl group and X is halo, in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a group of formula -C(OH)R_xR_y in which R_x and R_y are the same C₁.₂ alkyl group; or

n) reacting compounds of Formula VI, in which R_y represents hydrogen or a C₁-₄ alkyl group, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a phosphonium salt of formula R_zPh₃P⁺Br- in which R_zrepresents a d-₅ alkyl group or a benzyl group in the presence of a base, in a solvent at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₂-e alkenyl group in which the double bond is attached to the carbon alpha to the thiazole ring or a styryl group; or

o) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents halo and A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined or a compound of Formula V, with a compound of formula R MgX or R_bLi in which R_b is a C-|-₆ alkyi group and X is halo, in the presence of a solvent at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, and then reacting the product obtained with an acylating agent of Formula R_cCON(CH₃)OCH₃ in which R_c represents a d-₅ alkyl group in a solvent, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₂-₆ alkanoyl group; or

p) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a hydroxyd_₃ alkyl group, and A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a d_₃ alkylating agent, in the presence of a base, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a d.₃ alkoxyd-₃ alkyl group; or

q) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a hydroxyCι-₃ alkyl group, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a C₄.₇ cycloalkylalkylatmg agent, in the presence of a base, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a C₄_₇cycloalkylalkoxyCι_₃alkyl group , or

r) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a hydroxyd.₃ alkyl group, and A, R-,, R₂, R , R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a C₃.₇ alkynylalkylatmg agent in the presence of a base, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C to give compounds of Formula I in which R represents a C₃.₇ alkynylalkoxyCι.₃alkyl group, or

s) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R₄ represents a mercaptod.₃ alkyl group, and A, R-i, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a d.₃ alkylating agent, in the presence of a base, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -50 to 150°C to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a C-|.₃ alkylthιod.₃ alkyl group, or

t) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R represents halo or a compound of Formula V with a metallating agent of formula RMgX or RLi in which R is a d-₆ alkyl group and X is halo, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range of -100°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give an intermediate complex, which is reacted with a disulphide of formula R_dS-SR_d in which R_d is a Cι_₃ alkyl group or an aryl group, at a temperature in the range of -100°C to the boiling point of the solvent used to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a d-₃ alkylthio group or an arylthio group and A, R_{1 :} R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, or

u) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R represents halo with an d-₃ alkoxide salt, optionally in the presence of a solvent, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, at a temperature in the range of 0-350°C to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a C₁.₃ alkoxy group and A, Ri, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, or

v) reacting a compound of Formula I in which R represents halo, for example bromo or chloro, and A, Ri, R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, or a compound of Formula V with a compound of formula R_bMgX or R_bLι in which R_b is a d-₆ alkyl group and X is halo, for example bromo or chloro, in the presence of a solvent, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, and then reacting the product obtained with an alkenylatmg agent, for example a C₃. ₆alkenylmethyl halide, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range 0°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, to give compounds of Formula I in which R₄ represents a C₃_₆ alkenyl group in which the double bond is not attached to the carbon alpha to the thiazole ring; or

w) reacting compounds of Formula VI, in which R_y represents hydrogen and A, R^ R₂, R₃, R₅, n and g are as previously defined, with a phosphonate of formula Me₂NCH[PO(OR_z)₂]₂ in which R_z represents a - alkyl group in the presence of a base, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, then subjecting the resulting intermediate product to partial hydrolysis in the presence of an acid, to give compounds of Formula I in which R is a C₃ ₆alkoxycarbonylalkyl group, or

x) reacting compounds of Formula VI, in which R_y represents hydrogen and A, R_{1 f} R₂. R₃. R₅. ⁿ and g are as previously defined, with a compound of Formula (R₂O)₂POCH2COR_c in which R_z represents a C_1-2 alkyl group and R_c represents a d_₃ alkyl group in the presence of a base, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range -78°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, then subjecting the resulting intermediate product to reaction with a reducing agent, in a solvent, at a temperature in the range -20°C to the boiling point of the solvent used, to give compounds of Formula I in which F^ is a C₄.₆hydroxyalkenyl group in which the double bond is attached to the carbon alpha to the thiazole ring