WO2000068197A1 - 3a,4,5,9b-TETRAHYDRO-1H-BENZ[e]INDOL-2-YL AMINE-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y RECEPTORS LIGANDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND OTHER DISORDERS - Google Patents
3a,4,5,9b-TETRAHYDRO-1H-BENZ[e]INDOL-2-YL AMINE-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y RECEPTORS LIGANDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND OTHER DISORDERS Download PDFInfo
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- NAXMFYJBXFXYII-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CN(CC1)CCN1c1ccccc1)NC(C1)=NC2C1c1ccccc1CC2 Chemical compound O=C(CN(CC1)CCN1c1ccccc1)NC(C1)=NC2C1c1ccccc1CC2 NAXMFYJBXFXYII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/58—[b]- or [c]-condensed
- C07D209/60—Naphtho [b] pyrroles; Hydrogenated naphtho [b] pyrroles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems
Definitions
- This invention relates to a series of 3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-1 H-benz[e]indol-2-yl amine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and intermediates used in their preparation.
- the compounds of the invention are ligands for the neuropeptide Y Y5 (NPY5) receptor, a receptor which is associated with a number of central nervous system disorders and affective conditions.
- the mammalian central nervous system is governed by a series of interdependent receptors, neurons, neurotransmitters, and proteins.
- the neurons play a vital role in this system for, when externally or internally stimulated, they react by releasing neurotransmitters that bind to specific proteins.
- neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid are well known, as are the specific receptors that recognize these compounds as ligands ("The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology", Sixth Edition, Cooper, J. R.; Bloom, F. E.; Roth, R. H. Eds., Oxford University Press, New York, NY 1991 ).
- neuropeptides play an integral role in neuronal operations.
- Neuropeptides are now believed to be co-localized with perhaps more than one-half of the 100 billion neurons of the human central nervous system.
- neuropeptides have been discovered in a number of animal species. In some instances the composition of these peptides is remarkably homogenous among species. This finding suggests that the function of neuropeptides is vital and has been impervious to evolutionary changes.
- neuropeptides unlike small molecule neurotransmitters, are typically synthesized by the neuronal ribosome.
- the active neuropeptides are produced as part of a larger protein which is enzymatically processed to yield the active substance. Based upon these differences, compared to small molecule neurotransmitters, neuropeptide- based strategies may offer novel therapies for CNS diseases and disorders. Specifically, agents that affect the binding of neuropeptides to their respective receptors or ameliorate responses that are mediated by neuropeptides are potentially useful in therapies for diseases associated with neuropeptides.
- afflictions that are associated with the complex interdependent system of receptors and ligands within the central nervous system; these include neurodegenerative diseases, affective disorders such as anxiety, depression, pain and schizophrenia, and affective conditions that include a metabolic component, namely obesity.
- Such conditions, disorders and diseases have been treated with small molecules and peptides which modulate neuronal responses to endogenous neurotransmitters.
- NPY neuropeptide Y
- NPY neuropeptide Y
- PP pancreatic polypeptide family
- Neuropeptide Y is a single peptide protein that consists of thirty-six amino acids containing an amidated C-terminus.
- NPY has a distinctive conformation that consists of an N-terminal polyproline helical region and an amphiphilic ⁇ -helix joined by a characteristic PP- fold (Vladimir, S. et. Al. Biochemistry 1990, 20, 4509). Furthermore, NPY sequences from a number of animal species have been elucidated and all show a high degree of amino acid homology to the human protein (>94% in rat, dog, rabbit, pig, cow, sheep) (see Larhammar, D. in "The Biology of Neuropeptide Y and Related Peptides", Colmers, W. F. and Wahlestedt, C. Eds., Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 1993).
- Endogenous receptor proteins that bind NPY and related peptides as ligands have been identified and distinguished, and several such proteins have been cloned and expressed.
- Six different receptor subtypes [Y1 , Y2, Y3, Y4(PP), Y5, Y6 (formerly designated as a Y5 receptor)] are recognized today based upon binding profile, pharmacology and / or composition if identity is known (Wahlestedt, C. et. al. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1990, 611, 7; Larhammar, D. et. al. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267, 10935; Wahlestedt, C. et. al. Regul. Pept.
- NPY receptor proteins belong to the family of so-called G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs).
- GPCRs G-protein coupled receptors
- cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- NPY inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP production / levels in a neuroblastoma cell line.
- a Y5 ligand that mimics NPY in this fashion is an agonist whereas one that competitively reverses the NPY inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP production is an antagonist.
- Neuropeptide Y itself is the archetypal substrate for the NPY receptors and its binding can elicit a variety of pharmacological and biological effects in vitro and in vivo.
- NPY When administered to the brain of live animals (intracerebroventricularly (icv) or into the amygdala), NPY produces anxiolytic effects in established animal models of anxiety such as the elevated plus-maze, Vogel punished drinking and Geller- Seifter's bar-pressing conflict paradigms (Hilor, M. et. al. Psychopharmacology 1989, 98, 524; Heilig, M. et. al. Reg. Peptides 1992, 41, 61 ; Heilig, M. et. al. Neuropsycho-pharmacology 1993, 8, 357).
- compounds that mimic NPY are postulated to be useful for the treatment of anxiolytic disorders.
- the immunoreactivity of neuropeptide Y is notably decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with major depression and those of suicide victims (Widdowson, P. S. et. al. Journal of Neurochemistry 1992, 59, 73), and rats treated with tricyclic antidepressants display significant increases of NPY relative to a control group (Hilor, M. et. al. European Journal of Pharmacology 1988, 147, 465). These findings suggest that an inadequate NPY response may play a role in some depressive illnesses, and that compounds that regulate the NPY-ergic system may be useful for the treatment of depression.
- Neuropeptide Y improves memory and performance scores in animal models of learning (Flood, J. F. et. al. Brain Research 1987, 421, 280) and therefore may serve as a cognition enhancer for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as well as AIDS-related and senile dementia.
- AD Alzheimer's Disease
- Elevated plasma levels of NPY are present in animals and humans experiencing episodes of high sympathetic nerve activity such as surgery, newborn delivery and hemorrhage (Morris, M. J. et. al. Journal of Autonomic Nervous System
- Neuropeptide Y also mediates endocrine functions such as the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in rodents (Kalra, S. P. et. al. Frontiers in
- Neuropeptide Y is a powerful stimulant of food intake; as little as one-billionth of a gram, when injected directly into the CNS, causes satiated rats to overeat (Clark, J. T. et. al. Endocrinology 1984, 115, 427; Levine, A. S. et. al. Peptides 1984, 5, 1025; Stanley, B. G. et. al. Life Sci. 1984, 35, 2635; Stanley, B. G. et. al. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1985, 82, 3940).
- NPY is orexigenic in rodents but not anxiogenic when given intracerebroventricularly and so antagonism of neuropeptide receptors may be useful for the treatment of eating disorders such as obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
- Y5 receptor rather than the classic Y1 receptor, is responsible for invoking NPY- stimulated food consumption in animals. It has been shown that the NPY fragment NPY2-36 is a potent inducer of feeding despite poor binding at the classic Y1 receptor (Stanley, B. G. et. al. Peptides 1992, 13, 581 ). Conversely, a potent and selective Y1 agonist has been reported to be inactive at stimulating feeding in animals (Kirby, D. A. et. al. J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 4579).
- [D-Trp 32 ]NPY a selective Y5 receptor activator has been reported to stimulate food intake when injected into the hypothalamus of rats (Gerald, C. et. al. Nature 1996, 382, 168). Since [D-Trp 32 ]NPY appears to be a full agonist of the Y5 receptor with no appreciable Y1 activity, the Y5 receptor is hypothesized to be responsible for the feeding response. Accordingly compounds that antagonize the Y5 receptor should be effective in inhibiting food intake, particularly that stimulated by NPY.
- arylsulfonamides that act as Y5 antagonists are known in the prior art.
- PCT WO 97/19682 aryl sulfonamides and sulfamides derived from arylalkylamines are described as Y5 antagonists and are reported to reduce food consumption in animals.
- PCT WO 97/20820 PCT WO 97/20822 and PCT WO 97/20823, sulfonamides containing heterocyclic systems such as quinazolin-2,4- diazirines, are likewise claimed as Y5 antagonists and reported to reduce feeding.
- amide derivatives including those that contain a benzimidazolinone group are claimed to be neuropeptide Y receptor antagonists.
- none of these compounds known in the prior art contain the amidine ring system present in the compounds of this invention.
- the cyclic amidino sulfonamides and amidino benzimidazolinones and amidino arylpiperazines described in this application are novel molecular entities that may have binding motifs that are different from Y5 receptor ligands that have been disclosed in prior publications, and yet bind to a similar region of the Y5 receptor.
- the compounds of this invention may also produce pharmacological and biological responses that are, in part or wholly, due to activation or antagonism of other Y receptor subtypes (e.g., Y1. Y2, Y4).
- Y receptor subtypes e.g., Y1. Y2, Y4
- the present invention is related to compounds of formula A
- R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; hydroxy; halo; C ⁇ alkyl; C ⁇ alkoxy; substituted C, .8 alkyl wherein the substituent is selected from halo, such as chloro, bromo, fluoro and iodo; substituted C ⁇ alkoxy wherein the substituent is selected from halo, such as chloro, bromo, fluoro and iodo; trifluoroalkyl; C.,. 8 alkylthio and substituted C ⁇ alkylthio wherein the substituent is selected from halo, such as chloro, bromo, fluoro and iodo, trifluoroalkyl and C ⁇ alkoxy; C 3 .
- B 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; C ⁇ alkyl; substituted C ⁇ alkyl wherein the substituent is halo;
- B 2 may have either a cis- or trans- stereochemical orientation with respect to B ⁇ both enantiomers of each diastereomeric set are part of the present invention
- L is selected from the group consisting of
- R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; C,_ 5 alkyl; substituted C ⁇ alkyl wherein the substituent is halo;
- B. may have either a cis- or trans- stereochemical orientation with respect to B 2 ; both enantiomers of each diastereomeric set are part of this invention.
- Z is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C ⁇ alkyl; substituted C ⁇ alkyl wherein the substituent is selected from C,_ 8 alkoxy and halo; cycloalkyl; substituted cycloalkyl wherein the substituent is selected from C ⁇
- R 4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C,. 8 alkyl; alkoxy; hydroxy; halogen; cyano, nitro; amino and alkylamino; substituted C ⁇ alkyl wherein the substituent is halo;
- n 0-2;
- L is C ⁇ alkylene, C 2 . 10 alkenylene, C 2 . 10 alkynylene, C 3 . 7 cycloalkylene, or (N-methylene)piperidin-4-yl,
- Z is phenyl, N-sulfonamido, N-(aryl)sulfonamido or 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1 H-benzimidazol-1 -yl;
- Z is 1-aryl-2,3-dihydro-4-oxo-imidazol-5,5-diyl;
- alkyl and alkoxy whether used alone or as part of a substituent group, include straight and branched chains having 1-8 carbon atoms.
- alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, f-butyl, pentyl, 2-methyl-3-butyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2- methylbutyl, neopentyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl.
- Alkoxy radicals are oxygen ethers formed from the previously described straight or branched chain alkyl groups.
- aryl is intended to include phenyl and naphthyl.
- halo unless otherwise indicated, includes bromo, chloro, fluoro and iodo.
- the term “halo" includes bromo, chloro, fluoro and iodo.
- cycloalkyl is intended to include cycloalkyl groups having 3-7 carbon atoms.
- substituents the term “independently” means that when more than one of such substituent is possible, such substituents may be the same or different from each other.
- Those compounds of the present invention which contain a basic moiety can be converted to the corresponding acid addition salts by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- Suitable acids which can be employed for this purpose include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydnodic, perchloric, sulfuhc, nitric, phosphoric, acetic, propionic, glycolic, lactic, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, succinic, maleic, fumaric, malic, tartaric, citric, benzoic, cinnamic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, cyclohexanesulfamic, salicylic, 2-phenoxybenzoic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, or saccharin, and the like.
- the acid addition salts can be prepared by reacting the free base of compounds of formula A with the acid and isolating the salt.
- compositions containing one or more of the compounds of the invention described herein as the active ingredient can be prepared by intimately mixing the compound or compounds with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
- the carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending upon the desired route of administration (e.g., oral, parenteral).
- suitable carriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, stabilizers, coloring agents and the like;
- suitable carriers and additives include starches, sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like.
- Solid oral preparations may also be coated with substances such as sugars or be enteric-coated so as to modulate the major site of absorption.
- the carrier will usually consist of sterile water and other ingredients may be added to increase solubility or preservation.
- injectable suspensions or solutions may also be prepared utilizing aqueous carriers along with appropriate additives.
- the daily dose of the active ingredient to be administered will depend on the age of the patient in need of such treatment, the particular condition to be treated and the manner of administration. Generally, an approximate daily dose of about 10 to about 500 mg is to be administered depending upon the mode of administration and the weight of the patient being treated. Determination of the optimum doses and frequency of administration for a particular disease state or disorder is within the experimental capabilities of those knowledgeable of the specific disease or disorder being treated.
- the pharmaceutical compositions described herein will typically contain from about 1 to about 1000 mg of the active ingredient per dosage; one or more doses per day may be administered. Determination of optimum doses and frequency of dosing for a particular disease state or disorder is within the experimental capabilities of those knowledgeable in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. The preferred dose range is from about 1-100 mg/kg.
- the compounds of Formula A are useful for treating feeding disorders such as obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, and abnormal conditions such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, sleeping disorders, dyspilipidimia, diabetes, hypertension, migraine, pain and sexual / reproductive disorders in which modulation of the NPY5 receptor may be useful.
- the compounds compete with the endogenous ligand PYY and possibly NPY and possibly non-endogenous ligands as well, and bind to the NPY5 receptor.
- the compounds demonstrate antagonist activity by antagonizing the action of NPY upon binding to the Y5 receptor.
- the compounds described herein are ligands of the NPY5 receptor, but are not necessarily limited solely in their pharmacological or biological action due to binding to this or any neuropeptide, neurotransmitter or G-protein coupled receptor.
- the described compounds may also undergo binding to dopamine or serotonin receptors.
- the compounds described herein are potentially useful in the regulation of metabolic and endocrine functions, particularly those associated with feeding, and as such, may be useful for the treatment of obesity.
- the compounds described herein are potentially useful for modulating other endocrine functions, particularly those controlled by the pituitary and hypothalamic glands, and therefore may be useful for the treatment of inovulation/infertility due to insufficient release of luteinizing hormone (LH).
- LH luteinizing hormone
- the present invention comprises pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of the compounds of Formula A.
- R.,, R 2 , B 1 ( B 2 , Y, n, L and Z are defined as above.
- the present invention comprises intermediates used in the manufacture of these compounds. Examples of preferred compounds of formula A include:
- each synthetic route consists of several sequential chemical operations which are outlined in Schemes 1-8 and which can be generalized as described below:
- the respective product of each process step be separated from other components of the reaction mixture and subjected to purification before its use as a starting material in a subsequent step.
- Separation techniques typically include evaporation, extraction, precipitation and filtration.
- Purification techniques typically include column chromatography (Still, W. C. et. al., J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2921 ), thin-layer chromatography, crystallization and distillation.
- the structures of the final products, intermediates and starting materials are confirmed by spectroscopic, spectrometric and analytical methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (HPLC).
- ethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane are common examples of an ethereal solvent; benzene, toluene, hexanes and cyclohexane are typical hydrocarbon solvents and dichloromethane and dichloroethane are representative halohydrocarbon solvents.
- the free base is obtained by techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- an appropriately substituted ⁇ -tetralone (I) is reacted with a secondary amine such as pyrrolidine in an inert halohydrocarbon solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane or a hydrocarbon solvent such as benzene for example, under Dean-Stark conditions (removal of water) or in an ethereal solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or an alcohol solvent such as methanol, at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to reflux, to afford enamine (II).
- a secondary amine such as pyrrolidine
- an inert halohydrocarbon solvent such as, for example, dichloromethane or a hydrocarbon solvent such as benzene for example
- Dean-Stark conditions removal of water
- an ethereal solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or an alcohol solvent such as methanol
- Cyanomethylation of enamine (II) is accomplished by reaction with an ⁇ - haloacetonitrile, such as bromoacetonitrile, in an inert solvent such as acetonitrile, at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to reflux, to afford the iminium salt (III).
- the iminium salt is hydrolyzed by treatment with an aqueous acid solution, such as hydrochloric or acetic acid, which may contain an organic solvent such as an alcohol or dioxane to facilitate dissolution and reaction, to afford the ⁇ - cyanomethyl- ⁇ -tetralone (IV).
- Reductive amination and concomitant cyclization of tetralone (IV) is accomplished by reaction with a reducing agent such as, for example, sodium cyanoborohydride, and an ammonium equivalent such as, for example, ammonium acetate, in an alcohol solvent such as methanol or in a halohydrocarbon solvent such as dichloromethane, at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to reflux.
- a reducing agent such as, for example, sodium cyanoborohydride, and an ammonium equivalent such as, for example, ammonium acetate
- an alcohol solvent such as methanol or in a halohydrocarbon solvent such as dichloromethane
- An organic acid such as acetic acid for example, may be added to facilitate this transformation; cyclization under these reaction conditions typically affords the c/s-amidine (V) as the major product.
- Amidine (V) may be converted to its acid addition salt upon treatment with organic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid, or via treatment with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, to afford the corresponding amidine salt (VI) (Scheme 1 ).
- HX in Scheme 1 represents the hydrochloride salt.
- amidine products described above ((V) and (VI)) are acylated via suitable amidation methods (see Gross and Meienhofer, Eds., "The Peptides", Vols. 1-3, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1979-1981 ).
- a carboxylic acid is converted to an activated ester via peptide coupling methods known to those skilled in the art, and the product of this reaction is subsequently reacted with amidine (V) or (VI) to afford the corresponding amide product.
- a sulfonamido-carboxylic acid is first treated with an amine base, such as triethylamine, in an inert hydrocarbon, ethereal or halohydrocarbon solvent, such as dichloroethane, and subsequently reacted with isobutyl chloroformate at a temperature from about -20°C to 80°C.
- an amine base such as triethylamine
- an inert hydrocarbon, ethereal or halohydrocarbon solvent such as dichloroethane
- a suitable reducing agent such as borane-tetrahydrofuran complex or lithium aluminum hydride in an inert hydrocarbon solvent such as toluene or ethereal solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature from ambient temperature to reflux.
- the crude product is treated with an aqueous acid solution such as hydrochloric acid (3M-6M) in order to cleave any boron complexes; neutralization affords sulfonamides (XI) and (XII) as corresponding free bases.
- 4-(2-keto-1- benzimidazolinyl)piperidine is reacted with a bromoacetic acid ester, such as ethyl bromoacetate, in the presence of an amine base, such as diisopropylethylamine, in an inert solvent such as acetonitnle, at a temperature ranging from ambient temperature to reflux, to afford ethyl [4-(2-keto-1-benzimidazolinyl)piperidin-1- yljacetate.
- a bromoacetic acid ester such as ethyl bromoacetate
- an amine base such as diisopropylethylamine
- an inert solvent such as acetonitnle
- This ester is subjected to hydrolysis under basic conditions, for example, by treatment with sodium hydroxide in an alcoholic solution such as aqueous methanol, to yield, upon acidification with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric or acetic acid for example, [4-(2-keto-1-benzimidazolinyl)piperidin-1- yljacetic acid.
- This ester is subjected to hydrolysis under basic conditions, for example, by treatment with sodium hydroxide in an aqueous methanol, to yield, upon acidification with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric or acetic acid for example, (4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)acetic acid.
- peptide coupling e.g. HBTU
- base such as triethylamine
- [RED] e.g., BH 3 -THF
- This ester is subjected to hydrolysis under basic conditions, for example, by treatment with sodium hydroxide in an alcoholic solution such as aqueous methanol, to yield upon acidification with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric or acetic acid for example, (1-aryl-1 ,3,8-triazaspiro-[4,5]decan-4-one-8-yl)acetic acid.
- an alcoholic solution such as aqueous methanol
- Examples include masking an amine group as a carbamate, amide or phthalamide, and masking an hydroxyl group as an ether or ester.
- Other R, substituents are available through (other) functional group manipulations such as, for example, reduction of a nitro group to an amine or dehydration of an amide to a nitrile.
- alkylsulfonyl and cycloalkylsulfonyl halides can be used to prepare sulfonamides of formula A in which the R 3 substituent is alkyl or cycloalkyl respectively.
- the solution was stirred for 30 min at 0°C.
- the solvents were evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC on C 18 reverse phase column, using water/acetonitrile/t fluoroacetic acid (50:50:0.1 ) as the eluent.
- the product obtained was dissolved in a minimum amount of methanol and converted to the hydrochloride salt by treatment with ethanolic hydrogen chloride.
- the resultant mixture was stirred at 0°C for 1 h, and stirring was continued at room temperature for an additional 1 h.
- the mixture was cooled on an ice bath and methanol was added. After stirring for several minutes, the solvents were evaporated in vacuo.
- the residue was purified by preparative HPLC on a C18 reverse phase column, eluted with water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid (-50:50:0.1 ). The product was dissolved in a minimum amount of methanol and converted to the hydrochloride salt with ethanolic hydrogen chloride.
- the compounds described in this invention were evaluated for binding to the human neuropeptide Y5 receptor.
- the human NPY5 receptor cDNA (Genbank Accession number U66275) was inserted into the vector pClneo (Invitrogen) and transfected into human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) via calcium phosphate method (Cullen 1987). Stably transfected cells were selected with G-418 (600 ⁇ g/mL). Stably transfected cells served as the source for the membranes for the NPY5 receptor binding assay.
- NPY5-transfected HEK293 cells were grown to confluence in 150 cm 2 culture dishes. Cells were washed once with phosphate-buffered saline (Gibco Cat# 14040-133). Cells were then incubated in phosphate-buffered saline without calcium and without magnesium, supplemented with 2 mM EDTA. Cells were incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature and the cells were collected by repetitive pipeting. Cells were formed into pellets and then frozen at -80°C until needed. Frozen pellets were homogenized with a polytron at full speed for 12 seconds in a homogenization buffer (20 mM Tris HCI, 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.4).
- a competition binding assay known to those skilled in the art, was used in which compounds of formula A compete with 25 I-PYY for binding to cell membranes.
- the less 125 I-PYY bound to the membranes implies that a compound is a good inhibitor (competitor).
- Bound 5 I-PYY is determined by centrifugation of membranes, aspirating supernatant, washing away residual 125 l- PYY and subsequently counting the bound sample in a g-counter.
- Compounds to be tested were prepared as 10x stocks in binding buffer and added first to assay tubes (RIA vials, Sarstedt). Twenty (20) ⁇ L of each 10x compound stock is pipeted into vials and 80 ⁇ L of 125 I-PYY (NEN catalog number NEX240), which has been diluted to a concentration of 200 pM in 0.25 % BSA in binding buffer, is added to the compound tubes (final concentration of 25 I-PYY is 80 pM). To each tube is added 100 ⁇ L of membranes and the mixture is agitated by pipeting 2 times. Samples are incubated for 1 hr at room temperature.
- Aluminum cast plates (Sarstedt) containing the vials are then centrifuged 10 minutes at 3200 rpm in a Sorvall RT6000. Supernatant is then aspirated. To each vial 400 ⁇ L PBS is added and this is then aspirated again. Vials are then put in carrier polypropylene 12x75 tube and counted in gamma counter (Packard). Non-specific binding is determined in the presence of 300 nM NPY. Percent inhibition of 125 I-PYY binding is calculated by subtracting non-specific binding from the test samples (compound (I)), taking these counts and dividing by total binding, and multiplying by 100.
- Inhibitory concentration values (IC 50 ) of compounds that show appreciable inhibition of 125 l- PYY binding are calculated by obtaining percent inhibition of 125 I-PYY binding values at different concentrations of the test compound, and using a graphing program such as GraphPad Prism (San Diego, CA) to calculate the concentration of test compound that inhibits fifty-percent of 125 I-PYY binding (Table 4).
- Binding Affinities of Compounds of Formula A for the Human NPY Y5 Receptor (expressed as % Inhibition of 125 I-PYY Binding)
- Male Long-Evans rats (180-200 grams) are housed individually and are maintained on a once-a-day feeding schedule (i.e., 10 a.m. until 4 p.m.) for five days following quarantine to allow the animals to acclimate to feeding on powdered chow (#5002 PMI Certified Rodent Meal) during the allotted time.
- the chow is made available in an open jar, anchored in the cage by a wire, with a metal follower covering the food to minimize spillage. Water is available ad-libitum.
- Animals are fasted for 18 hours prior to testing. At the end of the fasting period, animals are administered either compounds of the invention or vehicle. Vehicle and test compounds are administered either orally (5 mL/kg) 60 minutes prior to the experiment, or 30 minutes prior when given subcutaneously (1 mL/kg) or intraperitoneally (1 mL/kg).
- Compounds of the invention are administered orally as a suspension in aqueous 0.5% methylcellulose-0.4% Tween 80, or intraperitoneally as a solution or suspension in PEG 200; compound concentrations typically range from 1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg, preferably from 10-30 mg/kg.
- Food intake is measured at 2, 4, and 6 hours after administration by weighing the special jar containing the food before the experiment and at the specified times. Upon completion of the experiment, all animals are given a one-week washout period before retesting.
- Percent reduction of food consumption is calculated subtracting the grams of food consumed by the treated group from the grams of food consumed by the control group divided by the grams of food consumed by the control group, multiplied by 100. A negative value indicates a reduction in food consumption and a positive value indicates an increase in food consumption.
- Vehicle PEG-2000 N 8 10.19 g 13.71 g 21.03 g 10.84 g
- Vehicle PEG-2000 N 8 9.13 g 12.75 g 21.25 g 12.13 g
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
MXPA01011321A MXPA01011321A (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-04-20 | 3a,4,5,9b-TETRAHYDRO-1H-BENZ[e]INDOL-2-YL AMINE-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y RECEPTORS LIGANDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND OTHER DISORDERS. |
AU46592/00A AU4659200A (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-04-20 | 3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-1h-benz(e)indol-2-yl amine-derived neuropeptide Y receptors ligands useful in the treatment of obesity and other disorders |
CA002373035A CA2373035A1 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-04-20 | 3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-1h-benz[e]indol-2-yl amine-derived neuropeptide y receptors ligands useful in the treatment of obesity and other disorders |
EP00928340A EP1177172A1 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-04-20 | 3a,4,5,9b-TETRAHYDRO-1H-BENZ e]INDOL-2-YL AMINE-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y RECEPTORS LIGANDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND OTHER DISORDERS |
HK02102941.4A HK1041263A1 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2002-04-18 | 3a, 4,5,9b-tetrahydro-1h-benz[e] indol-2-yl amine-derived neuropeptide y receptors ligands useful in the treatment of obesity and other disorders |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13266099P | 1999-05-05 | 1999-05-05 | |
US60/132,660 | 1999-05-05 |
Publications (1)
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WO2000068197A1 true WO2000068197A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
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ID=22455028
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PCT/US2000/010981 WO2000068197A1 (en) | 1999-05-05 | 2000-04-20 | 3a,4,5,9b-TETRAHYDRO-1H-BENZ[e]INDOL-2-YL AMINE-DERIVED NEUROPEPTIDE Y RECEPTORS LIGANDS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY AND OTHER DISORDERS |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1177172A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU4659200A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2373035A1 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1041263A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA01011321A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000068197A1 (en) |
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