WO2000065141A1 - Process for making dryer sheets - Google Patents
Process for making dryer sheets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000065141A1 WO2000065141A1 PCT/EP2000/003415 EP0003415W WO0065141A1 WO 2000065141 A1 WO2000065141 A1 WO 2000065141A1 EP 0003415 W EP0003415 W EP 0003415W WO 0065141 A1 WO0065141 A1 WO 0065141A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- web
- perfume
- applying
- process according
- ingredients
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/047—Arrangements specially adapted for dry cleaning or laundry dryer related applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/50—Perfumes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
- D06B1/02—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by spraying or projecting
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
- D06B1/08—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating from outlets being in, or almost in, contact with the textile material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B21/00—Successive treatments of textile materials by liquids, gases or vapours
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/005—Compositions containing perfumes; Compositions containing deodorants
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for fabricating dryer sheets.
- a well known commercial product m the laundry care industry is the fabric dryer sheet.
- the consumer typically uses at least one sheet m the drying cycle of the laundering process.
- the sheets generally include a substrate material, such as a web, wherein the substrate carries one or more ingredients to impart desired benefits to the clothing.
- ingredients can include, for example, perfumes, anti-static agents, dye transfer inhibitors, whitening agents, enzymes, stain repellents and wrinkle reducing agents.
- ingredients 17 can include perfume material m addition to other fabric treatment agents, particularly those that provide anti-static and fabric softening benefits.
- These fabric treatment agents can include, for example: cationic compounds, such as quarternary ammonium compounds; nonionic surfactants, such as ethoxylated alcohols; fatty alcohols; fatty acids; alkali metal soaps of fatty acids; carboxylic acids and salts thereof; fatty acid esters; glyce ⁇ des; waxes; anionic surfactants; water; optical brighteners; fluorescent agents; antioxidants ; colorants; germicides; perfumes; bacteriocides ; enzymes; dye transfer inhibitors; soil release polymers; skin care benefit agents; perfume carriers (e.g. starch, cyclodext ⁇ ns) , and wrinkle reducing agents.
- cationic compounds such as quarternary ammonium compounds
- nonionic surfactants such as ethoxylated alcohols; fatty alcohols; fatty acids; alkali metal soaps of fatty
- perfume has been present from about 2 wt% to about 6 wt % based on total ingredients 17.
- the ingredients are maintained at approximately 140-190° F (60 - 80°C) m both the holding tank and coating pan 15. At this temperature, one or more ingredients can be lost to the atmosphere due to their volatility or be adversely affected by means of thermal degradation. When the perfume is present, it is estimated that there is a loss of approximately 15 wt. % of the perfume to the atmosphere at this coating step.
- coated web 5 After being coated m the coating pan, coated web 5 ' passes over smoothing rod 18 to guide roll 20. From guide roll 20, the web passes to heating drum 22, and then travels to cooling drums 24 and
- Rolls 2' are preferably about 12 inches
- the rolls can be stored for later cutting and packaging.
- the web can travel as fast as 1,000 feet (305 metres) per minute. It is estimated that the additional perfume lost after the step of coating can be m the range of approximately 20 wt. % to 30 wt. % from that which was originally present m pan 15.
- final processing of coated web 5' is carried out by passing one or more of the coated rolls 2' through a series of guide rollers 32.
- the web is then folded by folders 34, passed to conveyor 36 and cut by knife 38. After cutting, the folded sheets are tamped down, stacked and accumulated for packaging.
- Perfume agents can be classified by their relative volatility. Highly volatile perfumes are known as “high notes” while relatively unvolatile perfumes are known as “low notes” . Due to their high volatility, high note perfumes are typically more perceptible by humans than low note perfumes. High note perfumes also have a wider range of odours and, therefore, allow for greater flexibility when selecting perfume agents. Unfortunately, when manufacturing dryer sheets, it is the desired high notes that can be lost during processing. This has resulted m a decreased amount of high note perfumes making it into the packaged product and alteration of the perfume profile. Use of high note perfumes have also been reduced or eliminated from perfume formulations due to the above-described process conditions.
- the present invention relates to a process that minimizes the loss of perfume and other volatile agents during the fabrication of dryer sheets.
- a process for fabricating dryer sheets comprising: providing a rolled web, said web comprising a material suitable for retaining fabric treatment ingredients; unrolling a portion of the rolled web; applying fabric treatment ingredients to the unrolled web portion m a first coating step; applying perfume to the unrolled web m a second step; and cutting and boxing at least a portion of the treated and perfumed web; wherein at least 50% by weight of the total perfume m the final boxed web is applied m the second step.
- Figure 1 illustrates a fabric sheet coating process that is known m the art
- Figure 2 illustrates a fabric sheet cutting and folding process that is known m the art
- Figure 3 illustrates a fabric sheet coating process that generally shows a preferred location of applying fabric treatment agents, subsequent to the main coating operation
- Figure 4 illustrates a fabric sheet cutting and folding process that generally shows preferred locations of applying fabric treatment agents, subsequent to the main coating operation
- FIG 5 illustrates a first preferred method and apparatus for applying fabric treatment agents to a substrate material that can be used in the processes shown in Figures 3 and 4 ;
- Figure 6 illustrates a second, preferred method and apparatus for applying fabric treatment agents to a substrate material that can be used m the processes shown m Figures 3 and 4 ;
- Figure 7 illustrates a preferred method of transferring liquid agents to the apparatus of figure 6
- Figure 8 illustrates a fabric sheet cutting and folding process that shows the apparatus of figure 6 at preferred locations .
- the selected agent or agents are applied during high speed web movement after high temperature application of other ingredients.
- the selected agent or agents can be applied just prior to folding and packaging.
- Figure 3 shows a first preferred fabric treatment agent application zone A, wherein ingredients can be added to web 5' subsequent to the coating of ingredients 17.
- Zone A is located after cooling drums 24, 26 and before cutting station 28.
- FIG 4 shows second preferred application zones B.
- the fabric treatment agents are applied prior to final folding and cutting of the substrate.
- Several zones are shown because the preferred process performs several cutting and folding operations simultaneously.
- An advantage of waiting to apply certain fabric treatment agents just prior to cutting and folding is that rolls 2' can be generic across several brands. More specifically, for example, if the only difference between two or more brands of product is the type or quantity of perfume, rolled stock 2' can be used for each brand as needed.
- Spray assemblies 80 have controllers 81 and air flow modules 82 for controlling the flow and spray pattern of liquid spray 83 emitted from nozzles N.
- Spray assemblies 80 can be pressure spray assemblies or, more preferably, ultrasonic sprayers as shown. Preferred ultrasonic spray assemblies are available from Sono-Tek Corporation, Milton, NY. The Sono-Tek sprayers use ultrasonic power to atomize liquids.
- the flow of liquid from nozzles N and the flow of air from modules 82 are regulated by controllers 81. Controllers 81 can be programmed to apply more or less liquid agent and can be coupled to web speed information so as to apply predetermined, uniform quantities of fabric treatment agent. While three spray assemblies are shown, one or more can be used, depending on the width of web 5 ' and on the width of the spray. Spray assemblies can be used m zones A or B of Figures 3 and 4, respectively.
- the perfume applicator generally includes tubular member 50 having a plurality of micro holes 52.
- Web 5' is directed past the applicator by one or more guide rolls 54.
- the number and configuration of guide rolls 54 is not critical and could even be eliminated.
- Liquid fabric treatment agent is preferably pumped into applicator 50 by means of a metering pump 60 associated with tank 70. As shown, the liquid passes through tube 58, into one end of applicators 50. Most preferably, the liquid is pumped into applicators 50 through a manifold (not shown) that directs the liquid into each end of the applicators 50. Such a system can provide a more uniform pressure profile within applicator 50.
- Applicators 50 are preferably fabricated from a low friction material that can apply the fabric treatment agents to the web as it contacts tubular member/applicator 50 and passes over the micro holes.
- Applicators 50 can be used m zones A or B of Figures 3 and 4, respectively. In Figure 8, several applicators of the type shown m Figure 6 are shown m use prior to the steps of cutting and folding.
- the final product is added after the high temperature coating operation. In a most preferred process about 95% to about 100% by weight of the total perfume m the final product is added after the high temperature coating operation.
- the data indicates that the process according to the invention has improved the perfume retention. Therefore, for example, if the final product sold to the consumer only needs 0.033g of perfume to deliver the expected perfume benefit, the methods disclosed herein allow for the addition of only 0.0347g of perfume per sheet to deliver the same/expected amount - more than 40 % reduction m perfume use .
- An ll-mch (27.94 cm) wide dryer sheet roll was coated with anti-static/soften g agent and perfume via the production process of Figure 1.
- the roll was mounted on a pilot scale coater.
- An applicator device as shown m Figure 6 was set to contact the web of dryer sheet between unwind and rewind rolls.
- the roll was unwound and rewound at the speed of 10 ft/mm (3.05 m/mm) while a pump was pumping perfume with the flow rate of 1.03 g/mm onto the coated web.
- the addition of perfume was equal to extra 4 % of perfume added to the sheet .
- the sheets with the extra 4 % perfume made by this method showed a minimal increase of tackiness. Thus, the process was demonstrated.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU41186/00A AU750094B2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-14 | Process for making dryer sheets |
CA002367653A CA2367653C (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-14 | Process for making dryer sheets |
EP00920707A EP1175525B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-14 | Process for making dryer sheets |
AT00920707T ATE245219T1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-14 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONDITIONING TOWELS |
DE60003912T DE60003912T2 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-14 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONDITIONING CLOTHS |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13077399P | 1999-04-23 | 1999-04-23 | |
US60/130,773 | 1999-04-23 | ||
US09/504,098 | 2000-02-15 | ||
US09/504,098 US6297210B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-02-15 | Process for applying perfume to dryer sheets |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000065141A1 true WO2000065141A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
Family
ID=26828796
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2000/003415 WO2000065141A1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-04-14 | Process for making dryer sheets |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6297210B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1175525B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE245219T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU750094B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2367653C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60003912T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2202103T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000065141A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009545685A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-12-24 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | Fabric care products added to dryers that give a bad odor absorption effect |
WO2011014641A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric conditioning fabric care articles comprising a particulate lubricant agent |
EP3754007A1 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A coated non-woven sheet |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6689740B1 (en) * | 1999-06-15 | 2004-02-10 | Givaudan Sa | Method for preparing fragrance products |
DE10209157A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-09-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Perfumed detergent tablets |
US20070256253A1 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2007-11-08 | Ogden J M | Method for delivering liquid fabric treating compositions to clothing in a clothes dryer |
US7989413B2 (en) * | 2002-04-08 | 2011-08-02 | Ogden J Michael | Dryer sheet |
WO2004038088A1 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Unilever Plc | Tumble dryer dispenser |
US7018976B2 (en) | 2003-04-25 | 2006-03-28 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Divison Of Conopco, Inc. | Fabric treatment article and method |
GB0310330D0 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2003-06-11 | Unilever Plc | Fabric treatment device |
US6995122B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2006-02-07 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Method for imparting substantive fragrance and, optionally, anti-static properties to fabrics during washing and/or drying procedure and compositions useful for effecting such processes |
US20050066542A1 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-03-31 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Fabric treatment device |
GB0428090D0 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2005-01-26 | Unilever Plc | Fabric treatment device |
US9714371B2 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2017-07-25 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Method for making particulate slurries and particulate slurry compositions |
US7659239B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2010-02-09 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process of incorporating microcapsules into dryer-added fabric care articles |
US20080229513A1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-25 | John Michael Ogden | Method of obtaining effective transfer of liquid fabric treatment compositions containing limited amounts of cationic compounds to clothing in washing machines |
EA200901453A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2010-04-30 | Трайкэн Велл Сервис Лтд. | REGULATION OF PARTICLES OUTDOSE BY LIQUIDS |
US20090208656A1 (en) * | 2008-01-25 | 2009-08-20 | Andreas Brown | Scented container or dispenser and method of scenting product by scenting its container or dispenser |
CA2643251C (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2014-06-03 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Hydrocarbon fluid compositions and methods for using same |
US20110094906A1 (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2011-04-28 | Dennis Thomas | Customized perfume scented dryer sheets |
US9932514B2 (en) | 2014-04-25 | 2018-04-03 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Compositions and methods for making aqueous slurry |
CA2856942A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-16 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Aqueous slurry for particulates transportation |
CA2880646A1 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2016-07-30 | Trican Well Service Ltd. | Composition and method of using polymerizable natural oils to treat proppants |
JP2018144433A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-20 | 東芝テック株式会社 | Emission intensity adjusting apparatus |
CN108729057A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-02 | 苏州皖丰纺织有限公司 | A kind of cloth flattening mechanism of Weaving device |
US11440043B2 (en) * | 2020-01-30 | 2022-09-13 | Reynolds Consumer Products LLC | System for applying agent to a plastic web |
US20230021841A1 (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2023-01-26 | Firmenich Sa | Sheets Comprising Encapsulated Fragrance Compositions and Methods to Manufacture Same |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4183981A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1980-01-15 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Laundry finishing treatment rope and method |
US4291072A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1981-09-22 | Purex Corporation | Method of producing air-permeable fabric conditioner sheet for laundry dryer |
US4389965A (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1983-06-28 | Scott Paper Company | Tension wire meter for impregnating foam with liquid fabric conditioner |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3632396A (en) * | 1969-04-28 | 1972-01-04 | Procter & Gamble | Dryer-added fabric-softening compositions |
US4242377A (en) | 1974-02-11 | 1980-12-30 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Fabric conditioning |
US4073996A (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1978-02-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric treating articles and processes |
US4118525A (en) | 1977-03-25 | 1978-10-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Article and method for fabric softening and static control |
US4375005A (en) * | 1981-11-19 | 1983-02-22 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Branched chain olefinic alcohols, thiols, esters and ethers, organoleptic uses thereof, processes for preparing same and intermediates therefor |
GR79230B (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-10-22 | Procter & Gamble | |
JPS62198426U (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1987-12-17 | ||
US5102564A (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1992-04-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Treatment of fabric with perfume/cyclodextrin complexes |
US5246603A (en) | 1991-09-25 | 1993-09-21 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Fragrance microcapsules for fabric conditioning |
US5425887A (en) | 1993-07-26 | 1995-06-20 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Encapsualted perfume in fabric conditioning articles |
US5500137A (en) | 1994-10-20 | 1996-03-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric softening bar compositions containing fabric softener and enduring perfume |
US5656584A (en) | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for producing a particulate laundry additive composition for perfume delivery |
-
2000
- 2000-02-15 US US09/504,098 patent/US6297210B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 ES ES00920707T patent/ES2202103T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 CA CA002367653A patent/CA2367653C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 AU AU41186/00A patent/AU750094B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-14 WO PCT/EP2000/003415 patent/WO2000065141A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-14 EP EP00920707A patent/EP1175525B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-14 AT AT00920707T patent/ATE245219T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-14 DE DE60003912T patent/DE60003912T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-05-08 US US09/850,989 patent/US6352969B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-08-29 US US09/942,361 patent/US6436895B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4183981A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1980-01-15 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Laundry finishing treatment rope and method |
US4389965A (en) * | 1977-04-19 | 1983-06-28 | Scott Paper Company | Tension wire meter for impregnating foam with liquid fabric conditioner |
US4291072A (en) * | 1977-10-06 | 1981-09-22 | Purex Corporation | Method of producing air-permeable fabric conditioner sheet for laundry dryer |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009545685A (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2009-12-24 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | Fabric care products added to dryers that give a bad odor absorption effect |
WO2011014641A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 | 2011-02-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fabric conditioning fabric care articles comprising a particulate lubricant agent |
EP3754007A1 (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | A coated non-woven sheet |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2367653A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
US20020010119A1 (en) | 2002-01-24 |
US6297210B1 (en) | 2001-10-02 |
ES2202103T3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
US6352969B2 (en) | 2002-03-05 |
DE60003912T2 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
AU750094B2 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
DE60003912D1 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
CA2367653C (en) | 2008-02-05 |
EP1175525A1 (en) | 2002-01-30 |
AU4118600A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
US20020042355A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
EP1175525B1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
ATE245219T1 (en) | 2003-08-15 |
US6436895B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
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