WO2000064326A1 - Cleaning sheet - Google Patents
Cleaning sheet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2000064326A1 WO2000064326A1 PCT/US2000/006815 US0006815W WO0064326A1 WO 2000064326 A1 WO2000064326 A1 WO 2000064326A1 US 0006815 W US0006815 W US 0006815W WO 0064326 A1 WO0064326 A1 WO 0064326A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- cleaning
- oil
- stains
- absorbing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 44
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 240000004584 Tamarindus indica Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004298 Tamarindus indica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003130 blood coagulation factor inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HDSBZMRLPLPFLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol alginate Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(C(O)=O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(C)C(C(=O)OCC(C)O)O1 HDSBZMRLPLPFLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009931 pascalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010409 propane-1,2-diol alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000770 propane-1,2-diol alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003021 water soluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B08B1/143—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L13/00—Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
- A47L13/10—Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
- A47L13/16—Cloths; Pads; Sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L17/00—Apparatus or implements used in manual washing or cleaning of crockery, table-ware, cooking-ware or the like
- A47L17/04—Pan or pot cleaning utensils
- A47L17/08—Pads; Balls of steel wool, wire, or plastic meshes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/30—Fillers, e.g. particles, powders, beads, flakes, spheres, chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2432/00—Cleaning articles, e.g. mops, wipes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
Definitions
- This invention relates to a cleaning sheet; particularly to a cleaning sheet that is useful for removing oil stains which have adhered to cooking utensils and appliances such as grills, ranges, and ovens and the like, as well as kitchen ventilation fans or to hoods over ventilation fans and the like. More particularly the invention relates to a cleaning sheet that includes a water absorbing backing and an oil absorbing layer with abrasive grains on its surface.
- Japanese Patent Application Kokai [laid-open] Hei 5[1993]-278698 describes an adhesive composition for hard surface application that characteristically includes 0.1 - 10 weight % of a volatile or liquid-form amine compound such as ammonia and the like, 0.001 - 2 weight % alkyl glycoxide; 0.001 - 2 weight % betain surfactant, and one or more 0.1 - 80 weight % water- soluble solvents.
- This adhesive composition may, for instance, be sprayed on an oil stain, adhered to a portion of a hard surface, to decompose the stain.
- the stain after decomposition may generally be wiped off the hard surface with a dry rag , and then removed by wiping with a damp rag.
- the removal of stubborn oil stains generally requires the use of strongly caustic, alkaline cleaning agents containing components such as sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide, or sodium silicate and the like.
- cleaning agents may provide strong cleaning power, they may also be harmful for human use, which cannot be ignored. This causes concern for the possibility of skin irritation and other undesirable symptoms that may occur when the cleaning agent comes in direct contact with a user of a cleaner.
- Caution is needed during handling of caustic cleaners, and in addition, when they are used under high temperature conditions, components of such cleaning agents may decompose and generate toxic fumes. Furthermore, removal of oil stains by these types of cleaning agents depends on decomposition of the stains. In the case of particularly stubborn oil stains, such as caked-on stains, contact may be required for several hours from the time of applying the cleaning agents until the stains can be wiped off. Also, several steps may be required in the stain removal process such as wiping off of post- decomposed stains with a rag and the like, followed by the need to wipe this clean again, and in some cases additional dry wipes may be needed.
- Detergent containing pads provide a convenient form of applicator for treating and cleaning surfaces.
- United States patents U.S. 4,569,861 and U.S. 4,581,827 describe such pads.
- an abrasive and detergent containing foam layer is bonded directly to a textile layer that provides reinforcement.
- Another example of direct bonding of a foam layer to a textile layer is provided by United States patent U.S. 4,966,609. In this case an abrasive material is coated over the foam layer.
- a wiping cloth is described with a hydrophobic, very fine fiber nonwoven cloth, either in twisted or totally unified form, on either one or both sides of a hydrophilic fibrous nonwoven cloth.
- a mopping cloth, for cleaning may be formed into a unified body by combining a nonwoven cloth layer, comprising water-absorbing fibers, and a nonwoven cloth layer comprising hydrophobic fibers.
- the present invention provides a cleaning tool for oil stains to solve the problems explained above. In addition, it is capable of removing stubborn oil stains by simple wiping with no ill effect upon contact with a user. Cleaning sheets according to the present invention provide improved cleaning that may be conducted with considerable safety.
- a cleaning sheet according to the present invention includes an oil absorbing sheet with abrasive grains on its surface, joined to a backing of a water- absorbing sheet.
- the cleaning sheet may include additional layers such that it comprises a cleaning sheet including a water absorbing backing adjacent an oil absorbing sheet and an interposer layer to hold the water absorbing backing and the oil absorbing sheet together.
- the interposer layer may be an impervious layer in the form of a polymer film.
- Figure 1 shows a cross section of a cleaning sheet according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic cross section of one preferred form of a cleaning sheet according to the present invention.
- the cleaning sheet (10) includes an oil-absorbing sheet (1) having abrasive grains (3) on one surface of the oil- absorbing sheet (1).
- a water-absorbing sheet (2) is used as a backing, for the oil- absorbing sheet (1), on the side opposite to that where abrasive grains (3) are held and carried.
- the oil-absorbing sheet (1) and water-absorbing sheet (2) are held together as one body.
- the cleaning sheet according to the present invention includes an oil-absorbing layer.
- the oil-absorbing layer is in sheet form comprising various optional materials showing excellent oil absorption and retention.
- the material selected as the oil-absorbing sheet should preferably display at least about lg of oil retention rate based on 100 cm 2 surface area of the sheet.
- Suitable materials for the oil-absorbing sheet including non-limiting examples such as porous fiber materials and more specifically, sheet-form fiber bundles of either natural or synthetic fiber, or natural or synthetic fiber nonwoven cloth or fiber laminate, or porous plastic sheet and the like.
- nonwoven cloth may be of a single layer nonwoven cloth, or nonwoven cloth of mixed spun fibers.
- Suitable synthetic fibers for nonwoven cloth include, for instance, polypropylene (PP), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the like.
- the size of the oil-absorbing sheet may be varied, in accordance with the desired size of cleaning sheet, but it is generally about 30 - 300 mm long, by about 30 - 250 mm wide.
- the thickness of the oil-absorbing sheet may change, in accordance with types of sheet material used, or the desired thickness of the cleaning sheet, but is generally about 0.2 - 5 mm.
- the oil-absorbing sheet is too thin, it may not be sufficiently effective for absorbing and retaining oil stains, but if it is too thick the cleaning sheet becomes difficult to handle.
- the oil-absorbing sheet that is used in the cleaning sheet according to the present invention further requires the following :
- the water-absorbing backing layer for the oil-absorbing sheet may be in a sheet form, and it may be formed using optional materials that show excellent absorption and retention of water.
- Materials suitable for use as the water- absorbing sheet preferably have a water retention rate of at least about 1 g, based on 100 cm 2 surface area of the sheet.
- An appropriate material for forming the water-absorbing sheet, according to the present invention is a porous fiber material, and more specifically, a fiber bundle sheet formed from natural or synthetic fibers, nonwoven cloth or fiber laminate of natural or synthetic fibers, or a porous plastic sheet although, the water absorbing backing should not necessarily be limited to these examples.
- Suitable fiber material for forming the water- absorbing sheet includes for instance, cellulose, rayon, or hydrophilic treated synthetic fibers, or mixtures or composites thereof.
- the size of a water-absorbing sheet it may vary according to the size of the previously described oil-absorbing sheet.
- the oil-absorbing sheet and water-absorbing sheet may be combined and are preferably bonded as one body.
- Various techniques may be used to unify the oil-absorbing sheet and water-absorbing sheet as one body.
- Such preferred unification methods include, for instance, a method for chemical anchorage by using adhesive agents such as solvent-type adhesives or hot melt type adhesives, or a binder, or a method to thermally melt and adhere with high frequency heating or ultrasonic wave heating, or a method to physically secure by treatment at high hydrostatic pressure.
- the oil-absorbing sheet may be separated from the water-absorbing sheet by placing a thin film of plastic, such as polyolefin film, polyester film, fluorine group or chlorine group containing film and the like, between them.
- the total thickness of the resulting cleaning sheet is preferably within a range of about 0.2 mm - 5 mm.
- the total thickness is less than 0.2 mm, the rates of oil absorption and water abso ⁇ tion are insufficient, and the sheet itself may be too flimsy for the task of cleaning.
- the total thickness exceeds 5 mm, regardless of enhanced oil absorption and water absorption performance, the cleaning sheet loses its softness and it becomes stiff and difficult to use.
- increasing thickness leads to the use of more material than needed for a disposable sheet, and also raises the cost of the product.
- the abrasive grains which are held and carried on the surface of oil- absorbing sheet may include particles of various materials, preferably materials such as ceramic material, metal material, or plastic material.
- Appropriate grains include, for instance, polishing and abrasive grains comprising ceramic material such as silica, alumina, or silicon carbide and the like, plastic material such as acrylic resin or nylon resin and the like, micro-spheres of glass or metals, but it is not intended that these examples shall be limiting as others, relevant to the present invention, will occur to those having skill in the art.
- the approximate grain size of the abrasive grains may vary widely depending on the level of difficulty associated with removal of a strongly adhered oil stain.
- the abrasive grains carried by the oil- absorbing sheet should preferably be within a range of about 1 - 50 ⁇ m.
- the grain diameter of abrasive grains is less than 1 ⁇ m, it is difficult to remove a stubborn and caked up oil stain even with repeated wiping with the cleaning sheet.
- the approximate grain diameter exceeds 50 ⁇ m, scratches may occur during removal of oil stains in surface areas where stains are strongly adhered.
- the amount of abrasive grains carried and retained on the oil-absorbing sheet may vary widely in accordance with factors such as the desired level of stain removal. Generally the amount of abrasive falls within a range of about 0.1 - 5 g
- the cleaning sheet according to the present invention is ineffective against caked up stains, and when the amount of abrasive is greater than
- the abrasive grains cover the entire surface of the oil-absorbing sheet so that it can no longer absorb stains. Furthermore, with excessive amounts, the abrasive material is readily dislodged because of poor anchorage of the abrasive particles to the sheet. The use of too much abrasive is wasteful and costly.
- the cleaning sheet of the present invention is of simple construction. It may be used as a disposable item, made from readily available, low cost materials, at relatively low manufacturing cost. Lacking components which may harm the environment, the cleaning sheets may be discarded or incinerated after use.
- a cleaning agent composition may be impregnated beforehand in the oil-absorbing sheet of the cleaning sheet of the present invention or a cleaning agent composition may be absorbed into the oil-absorbing sheet immediately prior to use of the cleaning sheet.
- the cleaning agent solution, so used, is not particularly restricted as long as it shows a capability for removing specific oil stains, as required for the satisfactory performance of this invention.
- Suitable cleaning agent compositions according to the cleaning sheet of the present invention include water, an inorganic salt, and a polyhydric alcohol, as major components. These components may be selected from conventional cleaning agent compositions provided their cleaning action is appropriate for a given stain.
- Protein stains and carbonized oil stains may be removed using an inorganic salt in the cleaning composition.
- suitable inorganic salts include bicarbonates, carbonates, phosphates, borates, and others, and more specifically, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, sodium metapoly-phosphate, or sodium borate and the like.
- Reference to particular materials is not intended as a limitation of inorganic salts suitable for the present invention.
- These inorganic salts may be used preferably at about 4 - 25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight water in the composition. Below 4 parts by weight, the cleaning composition has insufficient cleaning power. The addition of more than 25 parts by weight doesn't further improve the cleaning power of compositions containing inorganic salts.
- polyhydric alcohol When polyhydric alcohol is included in a cleaning agent composition, it functions as a major cleaning agent and as a coagulation inhibitor at high temperature, providing a solvent effect for removing fatty acid during the cleaning process.
- Polyhydric alcohols that can be beneficially used in the cleaning agent composition include, glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, sorbitol. These polyhydric alcohols all show low toxicity, and are substantially harmless physiologically. They may be used preferably at about 70 - 120 parts by weight based on 100 pa s by weight of water in the composition.
- the polyhydric alcohol is a poor coagulation inhibitor under 70 parts by weight, and when present at 120 parts by weight or more, the viscosity of the cleaning composition decreases causing formation of spots or streaks and related residues on a treated surface, due to reduced cleaning power.
- the cleaning agent composition according to the present invention may include a tackifier and/or a filler in addition to the inorganic salt, and polyhydric alcohol components and water. Other common additives may be included as needed to enhance the properties of the cleaning sheet according to the present invention.
- Tackifiers used to adjust the characteristics of a given cleaning agent composition, include for instance, natural polysaccharide and its derivatives, or more specifically, tamarind seed polysaccharide, tamarind gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, alginic acid, sodium alginate or propylene glycol alginate and the like.
- suitable fillers may be added to offset the lowering of viscosity associated with the addition of tackifiers. Low viscosity cleaners cannot adhere sufficiently to exert their cleaning action for removing surface stains.
- Suitable fillers include inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate or titanium oxide.
- the cleaning agent composition explained above generally has a pH of 13 or lower. A preferred range of pH is generally about 8 - 12 depending on the compounding ratio of the components which constitute the cleaning composition.
- the cleaning sheet removes a variety of stains adhered to cooking utensils and appliances such as grills, ranges, or ovens and the like, as well as kitchen ventilation fans, or hoods covering ventilation fans and the like.
- the cleaning sheet is effective for residue-free removal of stains produced by aqueous or oil-based liquids, particularly stubborn oil stains carbonized and burned-on at high temperature.
- the cleaning sheet may find use in applications beyond its obvious use for cleaning kitchen appliances at home or at work. Such additional use may include equipment and machinery cleanup in manufacturing plants where oil and water spills may occur.
- stains including caked up stains or water-based stains
- a cleaning sheet using a cleaning sheet according to the present invention, requires the stained region to be wiped repeatedly, with the oil-absorbing side of the cleaning sheet applied to the surface covered with stains. This completely lifts the stains into the oil-absorbing sheet which has appropriate porosity and softness, combined with the action of the incorporated abrasive grains, to restore a treated surface to a clean condition.
- appropriate cleaning agents may be applied to the oil-absorbing sheet to further aid and promote the cleaning of stained surfaces.
- the sheet After treating a stain with the oil-absorbing side of the cleaning sheet, the sheet may be folded in two or reversed to bring the water-absorbing side of the cleaning sheet into contact with the treated surface, for final cleaning. Water may be applied as needed to produce a desired thoroughly cleaned surface free from stain.
- Example 1 Preparation of Cleaning Sheets Three types of cleaning sheet were prepared as follows:
- a cleaning sheet having a layer structure as illustrated in the Figure 1 was prepared.
- the cleaning sheet included a layer of nonwoven cloth (0.4 mm thickness, 70g/m 2 basis weight) as an oil-absorbing sheet.
- a 60:40 mixture of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), with the brand name of "DOODLE DUSTER” and available from Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) was used for the oil-absorbing nonwoven.
- the water-absorbing sheet comprised a 90: 10 blend of acryl/rayon/acryl laminate nonwoven cloth and polyester (0.6 mm thickness, 120g/m 2 basis weight) that is available as "SHALERIA CI 120" from Asahi Kasei.
- alumina abrasive grains (average grain diameter 50 ⁇ m), available from 3M as a metal polish ("PASTE #3929”), were dispersed in a binder of polyester resin to give a dispersion in binder solution, and this was coated lightly, then dried on one side of the oil-absorbing sheet. This provided an oil-absorbing sheet with fine alumina abrasive grains uniformly dispersed on one side. The amount of 10 ⁇ m alumina abrasive grains coated in the sheet was about 0.5 g per 100 cm 2 .
- a cleaning sheet, for comparison with Cleaning Sheet 1 was prepared in the same manner as previously described except for the omission of a process to disperse alumina abrasive grains on the surface of the oil-absorbing sheet.
- Cleaning sheet 2 was thus prepared by bonding an oil-absorbing sheet to a water- absorbing sheet and thereafter converting the sheet to a size of 100 mm in length x 200 mm in width x 1 mm thick.
- Cleaning Sheet 3 Only the oil-absorbing sheet described in Cleaning Sheet 1 was used to prepare Cleaning Sheet 3 with dimensions of 100 mm in length x 200 mm in width x 0.5 mm in thickness.
- Cleaning Sheets 1 - 3 were evaluated for their effectiveness in removing oil stains by artificially adhering 3 types of stains to a surface of a steel panel, as follows:
- Light oil stain A mixture of 50% lard and 50% vegetable oil was brush coated thickly on a surface of a steel panel, and this was baked for 1 hour in an oven at 100°C.
- aqueous acrylic coating material was painted thickly on a surface of a steel panel, and this was dried using a hot air dryer.
- Caked up stain A mixture of 50% lard and 50% vegetable oil was thickly brush coated on a surface of a steel panel, and this was baked for 2 hours in an oven at 250°C.
- the following table shows evaluation results for Cleaning Sheets 1-3.
- a cleaning sheet (cloth) was prepared in the same manner as for Cleaning Sheet 1 of Example 1. However, in this case, a polyethylene sheet ( 35 ⁇ m in thickness,. Brand name "POLYSET U” made by Kojin K.K.) was placed between the oil-absorbing sheet (PP/PET made nonwoven cloth, 400 ⁇ m in thickness, same as that of Cleaning Sheet 1 of the example 1) and the water-absorbing sheet (cellulose group nonwoven cloth 200 ⁇ m thick as for Cleaning Sheet 1). The three layers were bonded using ultrasonic wave fusion to give a single cloth composite. The surface of the oil-absorbing sheet was coated thereafter with 0.5 g of alumina abrasive grains (average grain diameter 10 ⁇ m as for Cleaning Sheet 1) per 100 cm 2 sheet.
- alumina abrasive grains average grain diameter 10 ⁇ m as for Cleaning Sheet 1
- the cleaning sheet of Example 3 was used for removing oil stains around a kitchen range.
- Cleaning Sheet 3 was effective in removing stubborn and caked up oil stains by contact with the oil-absorbing sheet surface to which a small amount of water was applied.
- the oil residues were held in the oil-absorbing sheet, and prevented from migrating to the water-absorbing sheet, because of the intermediate layer of polyethylene. This kept the surface of water-absorbing sheet, in a clean condition, opposite to the oil-absorbing sheet, for use in the final stages of the cleaning process.
- the Cleaning Sheet of Example 3 was also found to be useful for machinery maintenance, since it was effective for removing rust, and polishing the surfaces, of treated parts of machines and transportation equipment such as bicycles and motorcycles.
- Example 4 A cleaning sheet (cloth) was prepared in the same manner as for Cleaning
- Sheet 1 of Example 1 the cloth was prepared using a polyester nonwoven cloth (200 ⁇ m in thickness, brand name "EC750” made by Kurabo K.K.) as the oil-absorbing sheet, and a woven cotton material (200 ⁇ m in thickness, brand name "KITCHEN TOWEL” made by Nisshinbo K.K.) was used as the water-absorbing sheet.
- the surface of the oil-absorbing sheet was coated with abrasive grains (10 ⁇ m average grain diameter, product name "SILICON CARBIDE” made by Fujimi Inco ⁇ orated K.K.) at a coverage of 0.5 g per 100 cm 2 sheet, using PNA as an anchoring adhesive agent.
- the cleaning sheet, of Example 4 not only removed oil stains, but could be used as a polishing cloth for kitchen utensils such as stainless steel pots or kettles and the like. Accordingly, when a small amount of water was applied to the oil- absorbing sheet to clean the surface of a stained utensil, it was possible to clean and shine the utensil to a scratch-free condition making it look like new, especially after a final wipe with the water-absorbing side of the cleaning sheet.
- a nylon scrubbing brush e.g. a nonwoven cloth, available as a polishing product "SCOTCH BRITE A-l 1" from Sumitomo 3M K.K.
- This scrubbing brush was effective for cleaning stubborn and caked up stains, the product failed to hold dirt that was displaced from the cleaned surface. Additional cleaning was required to remove the residual dirt.
- a urethane sponge (available as " SLIM SCRUBBING BRUSH SOFT K A 022" from Aisen Kogyo K.KJ.) prepared by pasting a nylon made nonwoven cloth and a urethane sponge, was used for a similar cleaning task as explained above. Although the sponge was observed to remove various stains using the nonwoven cloth surface, neither the nonwoven cloth surface nor the sponge surface were completely effective for stain removal and tended to spread the stain thinly over a greater surface area. As explained above, cleaning sheets according to the present invention, remove oil stains, even stubborn oil stains, with relative ease, simply by wiping the stain covered area without using additional chemicals. The cleaning sheet presents no health related problems and is environmentally safe so that it may be easily discarded, incinerated or otherwise disposed of without fear of pollution.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU38863/00A AU3886300A (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2000-03-15 | Cleaning sheet |
EP00917972A EP1171023A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2000-03-15 | Cleaning sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11115181A JP2000300507A (en) | 1999-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | Cleaning sheet |
JP11/115181 | 1999-04-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2000064326A1 true WO2000064326A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
Family
ID=14656369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2000/006815 WO2000064326A1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2000-03-15 | Cleaning sheet |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1171023A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000300507A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1347295A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3886300A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000064326A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2810529A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2001-12-28 | Elysees Balzac Financiere | Dual-purpose cleaning cloth has one substrate to retain water and another which absorbs grease |
WO2003099517A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-04 | Reemay, Inc. | Nonwoven composite cleaning pad |
EP1599120A2 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2005-11-30 | Grate Chef LLC | Wipe pad for cooking grill |
ITRM20120652A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-21 | Eudorex S R L | ABRASIVE SPONGE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
WO2016137706A1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Consumer scrubbing article with ceramic microparticles and method of making same |
US11324378B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2022-05-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Foldable multi-purpose nonwoven hand pad and method of use |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4885364B2 (en) * | 2001-01-10 | 2012-02-29 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | Wiping film |
JP2008206948A (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | Kanai Hiroaki | Cleaning nonwoven fabric |
JP2011204353A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2011-10-13 | Three M Innovative Properties Co | Wiping film |
CN103101272B (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2016-03-30 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | The scrub methods of glass substrate transport board |
CN105624918A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州贝多环保技术有限公司 | Kitchen oil absorption cotton and preparation method thereof |
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US3350735A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1967-11-07 | Purex Corp Ltd | Scouring pad |
US4569861A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-02-11 | Creative Products Resource Associates, Ltd. | Composite foam-textile cleaning pad |
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WO1997049326A1 (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1997-12-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Cleaning article and method of making same |
-
1999
- 1999-04-22 JP JP11115181A patent/JP2000300507A/en active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-03-15 AU AU38863/00A patent/AU3886300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-03-15 WO PCT/US2000/006815 patent/WO2000064326A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-03-15 EP EP00917972A patent/EP1171023A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-15 CN CN00806520A patent/CN1347295A/en active Pending
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US3350735A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1967-11-07 | Purex Corp Ltd | Scouring pad |
US4569861A (en) * | 1984-06-18 | 1986-02-11 | Creative Products Resource Associates, Ltd. | Composite foam-textile cleaning pad |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2810529A1 (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2001-12-28 | Elysees Balzac Financiere | Dual-purpose cleaning cloth has one substrate to retain water and another which absorbs grease |
WO2003099517A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-12-04 | Reemay, Inc. | Nonwoven composite cleaning pad |
US6783562B2 (en) | 2002-05-22 | 2004-08-31 | Reemay, Inc. | Nonwoven abrasive composite |
EP1599120A2 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2005-11-30 | Grate Chef LLC | Wipe pad for cooking grill |
EP1599120A4 (en) * | 2003-03-04 | 2007-07-11 | Grate Chef Llc | Wipe pad for cooking grill |
ITRM20120652A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-21 | Eudorex S R L | ABRASIVE SPONGE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS REALIZATION. |
US9700192B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2017-07-11 | Eudorex S.R.L. | Abrasive sponge and process for production thereof |
WO2016137706A1 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2016-09-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Consumer scrubbing article with ceramic microparticles and method of making same |
US11324378B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 | 2022-05-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Foldable multi-purpose nonwoven hand pad and method of use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1171023A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
JP2000300507A (en) | 2000-10-31 |
CN1347295A (en) | 2002-05-01 |
AU3886300A (en) | 2000-11-10 |
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