WO2000058884A2 - Dynamic market equilibrium management system, process and article of manufacture - Google Patents
Dynamic market equilibrium management system, process and article of manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000058884A2 WO2000058884A2 PCT/US2000/003838 US0003838W WO0058884A2 WO 2000058884 A2 WO2000058884 A2 WO 2000058884A2 US 0003838 W US0003838 W US 0003838W WO 0058884 A2 WO0058884 A2 WO 0058884A2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/10—Office automation; Time management
- G06Q10/109—Time management, e.g. calendars, reminders, meetings or time accounting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/0601—Electronic shopping [e-shopping]
- G06Q30/0605—Supply or demand aggregation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dynamic market equilibrium management system for the sale of goods and services, also sometimes referred to herein as a
- management system or "market equilibrium manager.” More particularly, it relates to such a dynamic market equilibrium management system for use in e-commerce applications, such as on-line buying groups of the type described and claimed in a related copending, commonly assigned application filed March 15, 1999 in the names of Tom Van Horn, Niklas Gustafsson and Dale Woodford, and entitled "Demand
- the invention further relates to a user interface allowing more convenient and skillful data management for hypothetical situations and related applications.
- the above on-line buying groups invention provides a method and apparatus to globally locate, encourage and enable all buyers wishing to purchase a particular product or service within a given time frame to join forces in a buying group ("co- op") formed specifically to accomplish the desired purchase.
- the co-op will enable individual buyers to leverage their combined purchasing power to achieve an economic bargain far superior to that attainable by any one buyer acting alone. This superior bargain most often will be reflected in terms of a lower price.
- That invention also provides a method and apparatus that allows each buyer an opportunity to increase the volume of any given co-op in order to further increase group buying power within a co-op. It also includes a mechanism through which buyers can form any number of special interest groups, provide their collective wisdom to dictate which products are featured in future co-ops, or even make a market for a given product or service. Other key aspects of that invention include a means to allow unprecedented access to certain true market data and pricing information derived from co-op member input during the life of each co-op. For example, all buyers wishing to join a co-op must submit a binding offer guaranteeing their willingness to purchase the featured item at or below some maximum price determined by each individual member. This collection of purchase offers provides valuable quantitative data regarding price sensitivity for the featured item.
- the invention permits real time yield management decisions that often will benefit both buyers and suppliers.
- the invention provides data from which a supplier can be informed that if the product price is reduced by a specified amount, the co-op's pool of accepted offers - i.e., final sales - will increase by a specific quantity. The guaranteed increase in volume due to a reduced price would improve its overall yield. Under this scenario, both the co-op buyers and the product supplier benefit from the indicated price reduction.
- the present invention provides a dynamic market equilibrium management system which permits one to quickly and conveniently define and achieve market equilibrium (i.e., the ideal point at which supply meets demand for a given product or service).
- market equilibrium i.e., the ideal point at which supply meets demand for a given product or service.
- it utilizes the true market data and pricing information made available through such related invention to allow more effective and skillful market management, such that market equilibrium can be quickly defined and achieved for any given co-op.
- the present invention is especially adapted for use with the system, process and article of manufacture described and claimed in the related application, its features and advantages make it useful as well in a wide variety of other e-commerce applications and even for managing other markets which are not implemented in an on-line environment.
- each buyer In order to join a co-op, each buyer must determine the maximum price at which (or below) he or she is willing to purchase the featured item. Such amount is specified in his or her binding purchase offer. That offer is guaranteed by the buyer's credit card. All offers including the various amounts at which they are submitted are collected and summarized in a database. This process enables accurate, real-time yield management decisions which can be used to advocate a lower per unit price. For example, the business entity implementing the invention would be able to determine ideal market equilibrium based on true market data, and represent to a supplier that if the price were lowered by $X, the sales volume will increase by an additional 1,000 units.
- this invention permits the business implementing the invention to quickly and meaningfully assess the forces of supply and demand and communicate conclusions based on true market data to suppliers in order to eliminate the uncertainty that would otherwise make suppliers reluctant to lower prices.
- this invention provides instantaneous yield management capabilities which enhance virtually all aspects of the related buying groups invention.
- the related invention's method of globally creating buying groups on a purchase by purchase basis provides a unique method of quickly moving large quantities of specific products.
- a supplier might utilize that invention's sales platform to sell a substantial volume of one product for the specific purpose of increasing its market share.
- a supplier also could utilize the related invention as a platform for unloading a large volume of specific products nearing the end of their product life cycle.
- Suppliers also might utilize the related invention as a means to accomplish swift inventory leveling for cash flow or financial reporting purposes. All such applications of the related invention are significantly enhanced by this invention because it enables suppliers to accomplish these objectives in a format that quickly and conveniently defines market equilibrium, which, in turn, permits them to maximize yield in each such transaction.
- Browser A specific type of client system, referring to an HTTP client enabling the display of various forms of information originating at the server; also capable of sending information, such as requests and personal data, to the server at the request of the end user.
- a browser is not the only possible or intended client system. Our method and apparatus apply only to the server, and are not dependent on what form of client is used, only that some client exists as the means of input.
- Co-op For the purposes of this application, the term 'co-op' as used throughout is not intended to refer to the traditional cooperative form of business which is owned by all of its members. A business organization implementing this invention need not be organized as a cooperative. Instead, we use the term 'co-op' to refer to the online manifestation of buying groups who have committed to purchase a certain product within a specified price (i.e., at or below a maximum price). Co-ops are also occasionally referred to herein as 'buying groups,' 'buying co-ops' and 'product co-ops.' Critical Mass: The volume of acceptable offers necessary before any purchase offers will be accepted. The critical mass may be specified by a supplier. It may also be the sales volume at which the starting co-op price is justified. Current Price: The price stated as current at any given time during the co-op. One significance of the current price is that availability is guaranteed for offers at or above such price after critical mass is achieved.
- E-commerce server Is here used to refer to a specific server software system, residing on a set of CPUs, that is used to send information to the client system(s) and accepting input from said clients for the sole purpose of taking orders, whether they are for co-ops or not.
- Ending Price The price specified at the end of the co-op, which represents the price at which all offers are accepted.
- Featured Product Any product or product variant identified for sale through a co-op.
- the term 'featured product' includes any services which might be identified for sale through a co-op.
- HTTP The Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol.
- HTTP server A specific server software system, residing on a set of CPUs, which is used to communicate with client systems such as HTTP browsers.
- the HTTP server is only one means of communication between the client and server, and its inclusion in this discussion of our invention is not meant to imply that it is the only means of implementation of the invention.
- Market Equilibrium The ideal point at which supply for a given product or service meets demand for such product or service.
- Offer or Purchase Offer A binding, non-cancelable offer to purchase a featured product within a price range the maximum of which is specified by the buyer. Each such offer is guaranteed by the respective buyer's credit card at the time it is offered. Making an offer is a condition precedent to joining a co-op. The offer is either accepted or rejected at the close of the co-op.
- Price Curve A description of price as a function, in the mathematical sense, of the number of units. See Figures 3A-3E.
- a product is a set of items for sale, which all has a certain set of significant characteristics in common. For example, a particular brand and style of in-line skates, each having the same characteristics, such as design, brand, color, a left and a right skate sold together, etc.
- a product variant is a subset of a product. For example, size 5 and size 8 of a particular pair of in-line skates are different variants of the same product.
- a product can be a tangible or intangible object or a service.
- Server The term 'server' is here used to refer to the set of hardware and software systems that are used to implement co-ops in accordance with this invention.
- Server process A computer program that is part of the server software systems, and which executes in its own address space, communicating with other processes via means defined by the operating system(s) of the hardware platforms. Unfortunately, it is necessary to use the term 'process' to describe other things than computer programs executing in their own address space in this application, so care has been taken to always use the term 'server process' when the latter is meant.
- a system for defimng a price curve and approaching market equilibrium in an on-line buying co-op for a product includes an e-commerce server data processing system.
- the e-commerce server data processing system has e-commerce server software executable on the e-commerce server data processing system and configured to define an on-line buying co-op for a product.
- a storage device is coupled to the e-commerce data processing system and has stored therein a database including at least price and quantity data for the product.
- a merchandising staff client data processing system is coupled to said storage device.
- the merchandising staff client data processing system includes client software executable on the merchandising staff client data processing system and configured to receive merchandising staff inputs for defining the buyers' cooperative for the product.
- the client software includes a market equilibrium manager to establish a price curve for the product in the buyers' cooperative by utilizing the price and quantity data for the product in the database.
- a process for defining a price curve and approaching market equilibrium in an on-line buying co-op for a product includes defining an on-line buying co-op for a product.
- a database including at least price and quantity data for the product is stored in a storage device.
- Inputs from buyers to take offers for the product are accepted.
- the buyer inputs are used to modify the database.
- Merchandising staff inputs utilizing a market equilibrium manager are received to establish a price curve for the product in the on-line buying co-op by utilizing the price and quantity data for the product in the database.
- an article of manufacture comprises a computer readable medium having stored therein a computer program for defining a price curve and approaching market equilibrium in an on-line buying co-op for a product.
- the computer program has a first code segment for defining a buying co-op for a product.
- a second code segment stores in a storage device a database including at least price and quantity data for the product.
- a third code segment accepts inputs from buyers to take offers for the product.
- a fourth code segment uses the buyer inputs to modify the database.
- a fifth code segment receives merchandising staff inputs utilizing a market equilibrium manager to establish a price curve for the product in the on-line buying co-op by utilizing the price and quantity data for the product in the database.
- a system for providing a graphical user interface for displaying data graphically includes a display, a data processing system coupled to the display and a storage device coupled to the data processing system and containing a database.
- First software in the data processing system is configured to control the data processing system for providing a graphical display of data from the database.
- Second software in the data processing system is configured to receive user inputs for directly manipulating the graphical display of the data.
- Third software in the data processing system is configured to supply modified data based on the manipulation of the graphical display of the data to said database.
- Fourth software is coupled to the database for recalculating dependent variables of the modified data.
- Fifth software in the data processing system is configured to display feedback dependent variable data on said display with the graphical display of data from the database.
- a process for providing a graphical user interface displaying data graphically with a data processing system includes storing data in a database.
- a graphical display of data from the database is provided on a display device of the data processing system.
- User inputs to the data processing system are received for directly manipulating the graphical display of the data.
- Modified data based on the manipulation of the graphical display of the data is supplied to the database.
- Dependent variables of the modified data are recalculated.
- Feedback dependent variable data is displayed on the display device with the graphical display of data from the database.
- an article of manufacture includes a computer readable medium having stored therein a computer program for providing a graphical user interface displaying data graphically with a data processing system.
- the computer program has a first code segment for storing data in a database.
- a second code segment provides a graphical display of data from the database on a display device of the data processing system.
- a third code segment receives user inputs to the data processing system for directly manipulating the graphical display of the data.
- a fourth code segment supplies modified data based on the manipulation of the graphical display of the data to the database.
- a fifth code segment receives recalculated dependent variables of the modified data.
- a sixth code segment displays feedback dependent variable data on the display device with the graphical display of data from the database.
- Merchandising and yield management personnel will define each co-op by means of data entry. Such data entry is not limited to time prior to the opening of a co-op.
- the definition of a co-op, including its price curve, is subject to modification during its lifetime. In fact, the ability to modify the co-op definition based on data gathered from offers to participate in a co-op is an essential aspect of the invention.
- Figure 1 is a block diagram of an internetworked computer system for implementing the invention.
- Figure 2 is a block diagram of software components for implementing the invention.
- Figures 3A-3E is a set of sequential graphs of price curves useful for understanding operation of the invention.
- Figure 4 is a first more detailed block diagram of a portion of the software components in Figure 2 for implementing the invention.
- Figure 5 is a second more detailed block diagram of a portion of the software components in Figure 2 for implementing the invention.
- Figure 6 is a third more detailed block diagram of a portion of the software components in Figure 5 for implementing the invention.
- Figure 7 is a fourth more detailed block diagram of a portion of the software components in Figure 5 for implementing the invention.
- merchandising and yield management staff 20 defines a co-op in accordance with the invention using client computer 22 and client software 24, comprised of a set of tools, including but not limited to the market equilibrium manager.
- the tools 24 communicate with the server processes 26, including but not limited to the database process, to enter the data relevant to each coop.
- the buyer 28 accesses all aspects of the co-op using a client computer 30 running a browser 32 or some other type of client computer program.
- the client computer program 32 communicates via some means of physical communication layer 34, e.g. the Internet, with a server 36, i.e. the HTTP server, or a server with similar purpose.
- the HTTP server 36 further communicates, using public or proprietary protocols, with an e-commerce server 38, which contains the principal software for implementing this invention.
- the e-commerce server 38 software and related components is comprised of a set of server processes 40, a means 42 of communication between the server processes 40, and a database 44 to hold data significant to the process of taking offers and otherwise interacting with the buyer 28.
- the capabilities of the e-commerce server software and related components extend far beyond the ability to handle co-ops and implement the market equilibrium manager.
- the present invention is directed to the capabilities that pertain to co-op market management.
- the other capabilities of the e- commerce server 38 software and related components are implemented with software modules and routines known in the art and will not be described beyond that necessary to understand the invention.
- co-ops are primarily manifested by a set of database tables 50 that define the essential properties of the co-ops, a set of program subroutines 52 and server processes 54 and 56 defining the logical processing necessary to manage co-ops and their interaction with buyers, and data contained in the database tables 50 defining the values of the essential properties that define each co-op.
- the tables 50 contain data that defines the price curves as depicted in Figures 3A-3E.
- FIG. 3A An example of a price curve set as initially established during the process of setting up a buying co-op is shown in Figure 3A, in this case for a Mitsubishi 36" high definition television set.
- a price curve 104 shows a declining price for the product with an increasing number of acceptable offers for the product, up to a maximum of 1,000 units, which is the usual case.
- an increasing price for the product could be provided in the case of a product with a limited supply, such as a limited edition collectible.
- Curve 106 represents a minimum offer threshold which will be used by the market equilibrium manager to modify the price curve 104 as offers are submitted by potential buyers. As long as an offer is above any minimum price 102, it will be recorded, but if it is below the minimum offer threshold 106 at that point in the co-op, it will not be used to modify the price curve 104 or the minimum offer threshold curve 106.
- the co-op is modified using the market equilibrium manager, so as to take into account the market data in the definition of the price curve set.
- Figure 3B shows such a modified curve set early in the history of the co-op.
- An additional change shown in Figure 3B from the price curve set shown in Figure 3 A is that cost curve 100 and minimum price curve 102, corresponding respectively to the curves 100 and 102 in Figure 3 A, are in three segments to reflect typical volume discounts.
- the market equilibrium manager code is configured to allow such modifications to be made directly on the displayed curves through use of a mouse or other pointing device.
- the minimum offer threshold curve 106 has also been modified in Figure 3B to give an inflection at 108 by dragging data point 110 with a mouse.
- the data at 114 also shows that a total of 216 acceptable offers have been used to modify the price curve 104 and that the co-op will produce a gross margin of $172,036.
- Figure 3C shows the curve set in Figure 3B at a later time in the operation of the co-op.
- Minimum threshold offer curve 106 has again been modified by direct input, i.e., dragging data point 116 to a point just below the price curve 104. This modification means that only offers that are quite close to the current price of $1,754 on the price curve 104 will be used for further modification of the price curve, having the effect of minimizing further price adjustments and potentially lengthening the duration of the co-op to avoid a premature close.
- Block 114 now shows a total of 428 committed offers at the cu ⁇ ent price at this point in the operation of the co-op, with a gross margin of $428,856.
- Figure 3D shows the curve set in Figures 3B and 3C at a still later time in the operation of the co-op.
- Minimum threshold offer curve 106 has once again been modified by direct input, i.e., dragging data point 118 down toward the cost curve 100 and minimum price curve 102. Note that this modification produces a substantial change in the price curve 104 and that the cu ⁇ ent price for the television set has now dropped to $1,254.
- Block 114 now shows a total of 570 committed offers with a gross margin of $288,710. Thus, the gross margin at this point has been substantially reduced. Such a modification would not be made in the curve 106 unless it was clear that a substantial reduction in price was needed to sell remaining inventory in the coop.
- Co-op Selection In order to select a co-op for participation, the buyer is presented with the following essential co-op information: current price and closing time. The buyer may also be shown the next price level (as defined by the price curve visibility window and the price curve), sufficient for the buyer to determine the urgency of an offer. Offers below Cu ⁇ ent Price
- the buyer enters an offer which specifies the maximum price at which he is willing to purchase the product, his credit card number and any other pertinent information.
- the system authorizes his credit card for the maximum price specified in his offer, such that his offer is guaranteed to be valid.
- the cu ⁇ ent price may be affected as defined by the price curve, and any new price may be displayed.
- the offer is below the minimum threshold curve, the offer is still recorded, but it is disregarded from the pool of offers allowed to impact cu ⁇ ent price.
- the reasonable range of offer prices defining the minimum threshold curve may be derived from the price curve itself, and/or external merchandising factors. 6. Should the cu ⁇ ent price drop to or below the price level at which the offer was made, such offer is included within the pool of offers to be accepted at close of the co-op and will be processed as such at close. Inventory is allocated to fulfill the order immediately after the co-op closes.
- the buyer makes a non-cancelable offer to purchase the featured product at a range which includes the cu ⁇ ent price as the maximum acceptable price.
- the system acknowledges the offer, and at close of the co-op, if the critical mass has been met, the system indicates to the buyer that his offer is accepted.
- Inventory is allocated to fulfill the order.
- the final co-op price is fixed and applied to all offers specifying maximum prices at or above the final co-op price.
- the server systems are comprised of the following hardware and software components:
- a set of computers 36, 38 and 140 having the standard definition of a computer system.
- the server programs consist of: A set of database servers 56 holding the database tables and their data.
- a set of e-commerce servers 54 that hold the executable commerce-related logic, interacting with the client via:
- the apparatus is further comprised of a set of database tables 50, including, but not limited to: * MC COOP — defining the co-op in detail, including, but not limited to, these fields:
- PRODUCT D The unique ID for the product being offered
- MC_COOP_FINISH_DATETIME The date/time that the co-op is scheduled to close (might close early if sell all products)
- MC_COOP_ORDER_QUANTITY_LIMIT The limit on the # of items that can be ordered by a single customer
- MC_COOP_PRICING_SCHEME Defines whether price curve is line segments or step-wise
- MC_COOP_COST_SCHEME Defines whether cost curve is line segment or step-wise
- MC_COOP_IGNORE_SCHEME Defines whether ignore curve is line segments or step-wise
- MC_COOP_WINDOW_PRICE Height of price window (used to encourage customers to notify their friends)
- OID A unique identifier for the offer
- MC_OFFER_USER_ID The unique identifier for the user who submitted the offer
- Coop_ D The co-op identifier that this price curve point is relevant for.
- Threshold_Quantity The quantity coordinate for the price curve point.
- Threshold_Price The price coordinate for the price curve point.
- the program logic of this invention consists of several components, shown in Figure 2, all residing within the e-commerce servers 54. They include, but are not limited to: 1.
- Co-op display components 150 having the purpose of presenting information to the users via the HTTP servers and client browser software, and further interpreting the inputs of the users (merchandising staff as well as buyers) and translating those inputs into new presentation of information and/or manipulations of the data stored in the system.
- the display components that are primarily relevant to this invention are:
- MC Product List Display a list of products, showing co-op information
- the product list and product details modules show the co-op product description, price (with an animated image in the background to show that the price may fall even further), product features, etc.
- the co-op offer & checkout accepts an offer from a customer regardless of whether the offer is at the cu ⁇ ent price or at some lower price. We take the customer's name, e-mail address, shipping destination, credit card information, and the amount of the offer. We also show some legal text which informs the customer that this offer is binding and will be converted to a real order if the co-op price meets their offer amount, etc.
- Data access components 26 having the purpose of translating database information into data that can be used to display information to buyers. These components are also responsible for updating information in the database based on interactions with the users via the various clients 24 and 32, HTTP servers 36, and coop display components 150.
- the data access components 26 that are primarily relevant to this invention include, but are not limited to: * MCI_Co-op, responsible for providing information regarding, and management of, individual co-ops. Management actions include changing the cu ⁇ ent price, adding offers at or below the cu ⁇ ent price, modifying the price curve and the price curve visibility window.
- *MCI_Co-opManager responsible for information regarding, and management of, sets of co-ops. This management includes finding co-ops with certain characteristics, creating new co-ops, and deleting co-ops that already exist.
- the software in the merchandising staff client computer 22 includes a graphical manipulation module 160, which is coupled to interact with a constraints module 162, which prevents certain graphical manipulations of the price curve set, such as offers above the cu ⁇ ent price or below the cost of the product in the co-op.
- the graphical manipulation module 160 is coupled to a data formatting module 164, which formats data represented by a modification to the set of price curves into a form suitable for storage in the database 44 (see also Figure 2).
- the database is desirably, but not necessarily, stored in the common object request broker architecture (CORBA) form.
- CORBA common object request broker architecture
- the data formatting module 164 is coupled through a database interface module 166 to the database 44 to pass the formatted data to the database 44.
- suitable conventional software (not shown) recalculates variables dependent on the data modified by direct curve manipulation and feeds the results of those calculations to the graphical manipulation module for display on the curve set and in the data block 114 ( Figures 3A-3E).
- a spreadsheet program 168 is used for data manipulation to test "what if scenarios, changes in a data cell of the spreadsheet and resulting recalcuations of dependent cells are supplied by the spreadsheet program to the database interface module 166 for storage in the database 44. Any visual display of the data modifications and resulting recalculations would then be made using a graphing component of the spreadsheet. Observing the effects of making such changes using the spreadsheet program would be much less direct than observing the changes made by direct data manipulation with the graphical manipulation module
- a shape function 170 is coupled to a cu ⁇ ent price function 172, a price window function 174, a cost function 176, a price function 178 and an offer histogram function 180.
- the cost function 176 is coupled to a margin function 182, and the price function 178 is coupled to a minimum offer function 184.
- the DB interface 166 includes a system object 184, which interacts with the database 44 in host server 140 ( Figure 1).
- a co-op object 186 manipulates co-ops and attributes of co-ops and interacts with the database 44 through the system object 184.
- a co-op manager object 188 finds and creates co-ops and also interacts with the database 44 through the system object 184.
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AU29951/00A AU2995100A (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-02-05 | Dynamic market equilibrium management system, process and article of manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/281,859 US6101484A (en) | 1999-03-31 | 1999-03-31 | Dynamic market equilibrium management system, process and article of manufacture |
US09/281,859 | 1999-03-31 |
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WO2000058884A2 true WO2000058884A2 (en) | 2000-10-05 |
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US6609104B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2003-08-19 | Incentech, Inc. | Method and system for accumulating marginal discounts and applying an associated incentive |
KR20040017277A (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2004-02-26 | 테바 파마슈티컬 인더스트리즈 리미티드 | Process for the preparation of 7-amino syn 3,5-dihydroxy heptanoic acid derivatives via 6-cyano syn 3,5-dihydroxy hexanoic acid derivatives |
JP4623088B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2011-02-02 | ソニー株式会社 | MAP DISPLAY DEVICE, MAP DISPLAY METHOD, AND IMAGING DEVICE |
US8516302B2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2013-08-20 | General Electric Company | Automatic error control scheme selection for fixed-length messages based upon message payload size |
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1999
- 1999-03-31 US US09/281,859 patent/US6101484A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-02-05 AU AU29951/00A patent/AU2995100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-15 WO PCT/US2000/003838 patent/WO2000058884A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-09-29 US US09/677,095 patent/US7107230B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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No Search * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US6101484A (en) | 2000-08-08 |
AU2995100A (en) | 2000-10-16 |
WO2000058884A8 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
US7107230B1 (en) | 2006-09-12 |
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