WO2000032765A2 - Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis - Google Patents
Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis Download PDFInfo
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- WO2000032765A2 WO2000032765A2 PCT/US1999/028772 US9928772W WO0032765A2 WO 2000032765 A2 WO2000032765 A2 WO 2000032765A2 US 9928772 W US9928772 W US 9928772W WO 0032765 A2 WO0032765 A2 WO 0032765A2
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- ribozyme
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- vector
- nucleic acid
- dna
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1137—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/12—Type of nucleic acid catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes
- C12N2310/121—Hammerhead
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
- C12N2310/12—Type of nucleic acid catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes
- C12N2310/122—Hairpin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
- C12N2310/30—Chemical structure
- C12N2310/35—Nature of the modification
- C12N2310/353—Nature of the modification linked to the nucleic acid via an atom other than carbon
- C12N2310/3531—Hydrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to therapeutics, and more specifically, to compositions and methods which may be utilized in the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis.
- restenosis is a major complication following angioplasty, occurring in 30%-60% of patients. Indeed, restenosis is the single most significant problem in interventional cardiology and costs the health care system in excess of $ 1 billion per year.
- SMCs migrate into the vascular intima and begin to proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in the formation of a fibrocellular mass which can obstruct blood flow. Further, injury has been shown to induce the expression of a variety of oncogenes that are believed to play a role in the cellular response to this injury.
- ECM extracellular matrix
- this invention provides ribozymes and ribozyme delivery systems which are able to inhibit abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation in vascular tissue, and in particular, are suitable for treating or preventing restenosis.
- Methods of producing ribozymes and gene therapy utilizing these ribozymes also are provided.
- the present invention ribozymes having the ability to inhibit a cyclin or cell-cycle dependent kinase, with the proviso that said cell- cycle dependent kinase is not CDK1, PCNA or Cyclin Bl .
- Particularly preferred cyclins or cell-cycle dependent kinases include CDK4, CDK2, and Cyclin D.
- the ribozyme is a hammerhead or hairpin ribozyme, representative examples of which recognize the target site sequences set forth below, and in the Examples. Representative recognition sites are provided in Sequence LD. Nos. 1 - 4119 and 4125 - 4377.
- the present invention also provides nucleic acid molecule encoding such ribozymes; further preferably, the nucleic acid is DNA or cDNA. Even further preferably, the nucleic acid molecule is under the control of a promoter to transcribe the nucleic acid.
- the present invention provides host cells containing the ribozymes described herein, vectors comprising the nucleic acid encoding the ribozymes described herein, and host cells comprising such a vector.
- the vector is a plasmid, a virus, retro transposon, a cosmid or a retrovirus.
- the nucleic acid molecule encoding the ribozyme under the control of a promoter which is preferably a pol III promoter, further preferably a human tRNA Val promoter or an adeno virus VA1 promoter, is inserted between the 5' and 3' long terminal repeat sequences of the retrovirus.
- the present invention also provides a host cell stably transformed with such a retroviral vector.
- the host cell is a murine or a human cell.
- the present invention provides methods for producing a ribozyme, the ribozyme being able to treat or prevent restenosis, which method comprises providing a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA) encoding the ribozyme under the transcriptional control of a promoter, and transcribing the nucleic acid molecule to produce the ribozyme.
- the method further comprises purifying the ribozyme produced.
- the ribozyme may be produced in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo.
- the present invention provides methods of treating or preventing restenosis, which method comprises introducing into the cell an effective amount of the ribozymes described herein.
- such methods comprise introducing into the cell an effective amount of DNA encoding a ribozyme as described herein and transcribing the DNA to produce the ribozyme.
- the cell is a human cell.
- the present invention provides methods of treating or preventing restenosis, which methods comprise introducing into the cell an effective amount of a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA) encoding a ribozyme as described herein and transcribing the DNA to produce the ribozyme.
- a nucleic acid molecule e.g., DNA
- the cell is a human cell.
- the methods further comprise administering the cell transduced with a retroviral vector to a mammal of the same species as that from which the transduced cell was obtained.
- the cell transduced with the retroviral vector has been obtained from the mammal receiving the transduced cell.
- Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of which shows the general structure of a chimeric DNA/RNA ribozyme (SEQ ID NOs: 4385 and 4386).
- Figure 2 is a photograph of a gel which shows the stability of chimeric ribozymes PN30003, 30004, and 30005 in human vascular smooth muscle cell lysate.
- Figure 3 is a photograph of a gel which shows the stability of chimeric ribozymes PN30003 and 30005 in serum.
- Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of vector pLNT-Rz.
- Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a representative hairpin ribozyme (SEQ ID NOs: 4387 and 4388).
- Figure 6 is a graph which illustrates the effects of ribozymes on a balloon injured rat carotid artery.
- Figure 7 is a graph which illustrates the effects of ribozymes on a balloon injured rat carotid artery.
- Ribozyme refers to a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of cleaving a specific nucleic acid sequence. Ribozymes may be composed of RNA, DNA, nucleic acid analogues (e.g., phosphorothioates), or any combination of these (e.g., DNA/RNA chimerics). Within particularly preferred embodiments, a ribozyme should be understood to refer to RNA molecules that contain anti-sense sequences for specific recognition, and an RNA-cleaving enzymatic activity.
- Ribozyme gene refers to a nucleic acid molecule (e.g., DNA) consisting of the ribozyme sequence which, when transcribed into RNA, will yield the ribozyme.
- Vector refers to an assembly which is capable of expressing a ribozyme of interest.
- the vector may be composed of either deoxyribonucleic acids ("DNA”) or ribonucleic acids ("RNA").
- the vector may include a polyadenylation sequence, one or more restriction sites, as well as one or more selectable markers such as neomycin phosphotransferase, hygromycin phosphotransferase or puromycin-N-acetyl-transferase.
- nucleic acid or “nucleic acid molecule” refers to any of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), oligonucleotides, fragments generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and fragments generated by any of ligation, scission, endonuclease action, and exonuclease action.
- Nucleic acids can be composed of monomers that are naturally-occurring nucleotides (such as deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides), or analogs of naturally-occurring nucleotides (e.g., ⁇ -enantiomeric forms of naturally-occurring nucleotides), or a combination of both.
- Modified nucleotides can have modifications in sugar moieties and/or in pyrimidine or purine base moieties.
- Sugar modifications include, for example, replacement of one or more hydroxyl groups with halogens, alkyl groups, amines, and azido groups, or sugars can be functionalized as ethers or esters.
- the entire sugar moiety can be replaced with sterically and electronically similar structures, such as aza-sugars and carbocyclic sugar analogs.
- modifications in a base moiety include alkylated purines and pyrimidines, acylated purines or pyrimidines, or other well-known heterocyclic substitutes.
- Nucleic acid monomers can be linked by phosphodiester bonds or analogs of such linkages. Analogs of phosphodiester linkages include phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoroselenoate, phosphorodiselenoate, phosphoroanilothioate, phosphoranilidate, phosphoramidate, and the like.
- nucleic acid also includes so-called “peptide nucleic acids,” which comprise naturally-occurring or modified nucleic acid bases attached to a polyamide backbone. Nucleic acids can be either single stranded or double stranded.
- isolated nucleic acid molecule is a nucleic acid molecule that is not integrated in the genomic DNA of an organism.
- a DNA molecule that encodes a gene that has been separated from the genomic DNA of a eukaryotic cell is an isolated DNA molecule.
- Another example of an isolated nucleic acid molecule is a chemically-synthesized nucleic acid molecule that is not integrated in the genome of an organism.
- Promoter is a nucleotide sequence that directs the transcription of a structural gene. Typically, a promoter is located in the 5' region of a gene, proximal to the transcriptional start site of a structural gene. If a promoter is an inducible promoter, then the rate of transcription increases in response to an inducing agent. In contrast, the rate of transcription is not regulated by an inducing agent if the promoter is a constitutive promoter.
- Restenosis is a major clinical problem and as the result of a need for repeat hospitalization, repeat angioplasty or bypass surgery, restenosis costs the nation's health care system in excess of $1 billion per year. Restenosis is believed to comprise three important components. First, myointimal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the subsequent deposition of ECM results in a fibrocellular mass which can encroach upon the vascular lumen. Second, following acute angioplasty, there may be significant elastic recoil of the artery which contributes to a late loss of luminal dimension. Finally, platelets and thrombus adherent to the vascular wall may, over time, organize into a fibrocellular mass.
- This invention accomplishes such by providing ribozymes and methods of using ribozymes that directly block cell cycle control following vascular injury.
- ribozyme targets include cdkl ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 1-149); cdk2 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 150-3010); cdk3 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 302-405); cdk4 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 406-526); cdk6 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 527-665); cdk7 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 666-866); cdk8 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 867-1112); cdk-we-hu ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 1113-1408); cyclin A2 ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 1409- 1614); cyclin C ribozyme binding sites (SEQ ID NOS: 1615-1819); cyclin D
- the present invention provides ribozymes having the ability to cleave or otherwise inhibit nucleic acid molecules which are either directly, or indirectly (e.g., they encode proteins) involved in cell-cycle control (e.g. recognition sites of Sequence LD. Nos. 1 - 4119 and 4125 - 4377.
- ribozymes may be constructed for use within the present invention, including for example, hammerhead ribozymes (Rossi, J.J. et al., Pharmac. Ther.
- Cech et al. (U.S. Patent No. 4,987,071, issued January 22, 1991) has disclosed the preparation and use of ribozymes which are based on the properties of the Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA self-splicing reaction. These ribozymes require an eight base pair target site and free guanosine (or guanosine derivatives). A temperature optimum of 50°C is reported for the endoribonuclease activity. The fragments that arise from cleavage contain 5 '-phosphate and 3 '-hydroxyl groups and a free guanosine nucleotide added to the 5'-end of the cleaved RNA.
- particularly preferred ribozymes of the present invention hybridize efficiently to target sequences at physiological temperatures, making them suitable for use in vivo, and not merely as research tools (see column 15, lines 18 to 42, of Cech et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,987,071).
- particularly preferred ribozymes for use within the present invention include hairpin ribozymes (for example, as described by Hampel et al., European Patent Publication No. 0 360 257, published March 26, 1990) and hammerhead ribozymes.
- sequence requirement for the hairpin ribozyme is any RNA sequence consisting of NNNBN*GUC(N) X (Sequence ID Nos. 4120-4124) (where x is any number from 6 to 10, N*G is the cleavage site, B is any of G, C, or U, and N is any of G, U, C, or A).
- Representative examples of recognition or target sequences for hairpin ribozymes are set forth below in the Examples.
- the backbone or common region of the hairpin ribozyme can be designed using the nucleotide sequence of the native hairpin ribozyme (Hampel et al., Nucl. Acids Res.
- RNA sequence consisting of NUH where N is any of G, U, C, or A and H represents C, U, or A
- GUC hairpin leader sequence
- RNA molecule can be embedded within a stable RNA molecule or in another form of protective environment, such as a liposome.
- the RNA can be embedded within RNase-resistant DNA counterparts.
- RNA bases enhances the stability of the chimeric ribozymes in human vascular smooth muscle cell lysate, and in serum.
- the assay consists of incubating 10 ⁇ g of ribozyme with 100 ⁇ l of human vascular smooth muscle cell lysate at 37°C for times ranging from 30 seconds to 240 minutes, then separating the intact ribozyme from degradation products on a 15% PAGE, staining with SYBRgreen (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), and quantifying by phosphorimager analysis (Molecular Dynamics).
- the half-life in cell lysate was increased sequentially from approximately 2.5 hours for PN30003, to 3.5 hours for PN30004, and to greater than 10 hours for PN30005 (figure 2).
- the half-life of PN30003 is less than 30 seconds.
- Specific base modifications to ribozyme PN30005 increased the half-life in serum to greater than 4 hours (figure 3).
- Liposomes are used to encapsulate the ribozymes for delivery at the site of injury.
- Preferred liposomes include
- the histopathology sections are then subsequently analyzed by quantitative histology.
- the lumen area, area of the intima and area of the media are measured and intimal area to medial area ration is calculated. All values are expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation and mean ⁇ standard errors of mean. A statistical comparison for each of these parameters is performed between all the groups. Results of the quantitative histology are shown in Figures 6 and 7 and summarized in Table 12. Briefly, both the cross-sectional area of the intima and the ratio of the intimal area to medial area were significantly reduced in the ribozyme treated arteries compared with those treated with scrambled-sequence polynucleotides or with normal saline. The intimal hyperplasia was inhibited by the CDC-2 kinase ribozyme, the PCNA ribozyme and their combination. The combination did not seem to have any additive effect.
- SMC Smooth muscle cells
- the MTT assay using PCNA ribozyme demonstrates significant inhibition of cell proliferation in cell culture as measured by uptake of MTT in comparison to scrambled sequence treated cells and control cells.
- RNA-PCR is then performed utilizing RNA-PCR kit from Perkin Elmer.
- An appropriated primer sequence for CDC-2 kinase or PCNA is used for analysis.
- a beta-actin primer is used to ensure that the amount of RNA loaded in each well is approximately equal.
- CDC-2 kinase mRNA at 2 hours and further reduction at 6 hours in comparison to controls.
- RT-PCR is performed using a primer for beta-actin which shows similar levels of beta-actin mRNA in each group.
- Protein Expression Three types of protein assays may also be accomplished, including a) Western blotting; b) Biosynthetic labeling with 35S labeled methionine followed by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled protein as a measure of newly synthesized target protein; and c) Histone HI kinase assay for CDC-2 kinase.
- the Histone HI kinase assay is a functional assay for CDC-2 kinase and measures the amount of p32 labeled phosphate transferred from ATP to Histone H 1.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99968074A EP1147189A2 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis |
AU24762/00A AU2476200A (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11095498P | 1998-12-04 | 1998-12-04 | |
US60/110,954 | 1998-12-04 |
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WO2000032765A2 true WO2000032765A2 (en) | 2000-06-08 |
WO2000032765A3 WO2000032765A3 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
WO2000032765A9 WO2000032765A9 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
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PCT/US1999/028772 WO2000032765A2 (en) | 1998-12-04 | 1999-12-06 | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis |
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EP (1) | EP1147189A2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2476200A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000032765A2 (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6492173B1 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2002-12-10 | Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Antisense inhibition of cyclin D2 expression |
US6770633B1 (en) | 1999-10-26 | 2004-08-03 | Immusol, Inc. | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment of proliferative skin and eye diseases |
EP2181704A2 (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2010-05-05 | Angiotech International Ag | Drug delivery from rapid gelling polymer composition |
US7745610B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2010-06-29 | Dharmacon, Inc. | siRNA targeting cyclin dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) |
EP2360249A1 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2011-08-24 | Calando Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase subunit 2 and uses thereof |
US8029984B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2011-10-04 | Licentia, Ltd. | Materials and methods for colorectal cancer screening, diagnosis and therapy |
US9719094B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2017-08-01 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | RNAi targeting SEC61G |
US9719092B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2017-08-01 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | RNAi targeting CNTD2 |
US9771586B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2017-09-26 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | RNAi targeting ZNF205 |
US9777270B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2017-10-03 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting siRNA of improved functionality |
US9839649B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2017-12-12 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting siRNA of improved functionality |
US9879266B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2018-01-30 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting siRNA of improved functionality |
US10011836B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2018-07-03 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting siRNA of improved functionality |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AU781151B2 (en) * | 1999-10-26 | 2005-05-12 | Immusol Incorporated | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment of proliferative skin and eye diseases |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994026888A1 (en) * | 1993-05-19 | 1994-11-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Inhibition of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell |
WO1997010334A2 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-20 | Immusol, Inc. | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis |
-
1999
- 1999-12-06 AU AU24762/00A patent/AU2476200A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-06 EP EP99968074A patent/EP1147189A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-06 WO PCT/US1999/028772 patent/WO2000032765A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994026888A1 (en) * | 1993-05-19 | 1994-11-24 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Inhibition of proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell |
WO1997010334A2 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1997-03-20 | Immusol, Inc. | Ribozyme therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of restenosis |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DEV V ET AL: "RIBOZYMES TO CELL DIVISION CYCLE (CDC-2) KINASE AND PROLIFERATING CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN (PCNA) PREVENT INTIMAL HYPERPLASIA IN RAT CAROTID ARTERY" CIRCULATION,US,AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, DALLAS, TX, vol. 92, no. 8, 15 October 1995 (1995-10-15), page S34 XP000616561 ISSN: 0009-7322 * |
GRASSI G ET AL: "Growth inhibition of smooth muscle cells from human coronary plaque tissues by hammerhead ribozymes" PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE, vol. 194, 1998, page 267 XP000910797 * |
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US10233449B2 (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2019-03-19 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | Methods and compositions for selecting siRNA of improved functionality |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000032765A9 (en) | 2002-08-29 |
EP1147189A2 (en) | 2001-10-24 |
AU2476200A (en) | 2000-06-19 |
WO2000032765A3 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
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