WO2000024082A1 - Method and device for adjusting satellite antennas - Google Patents

Method and device for adjusting satellite antennas Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2000024082A1
WO2000024082A1 PCT/DE1999/003114 DE9903114W WO0024082A1 WO 2000024082 A1 WO2000024082 A1 WO 2000024082A1 DE 9903114 W DE9903114 W DE 9903114W WO 0024082 A1 WO0024082 A1 WO 0024082A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
array
satellite
signal
beacon signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1999/003114
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Evert Dudok
Manfred Lieke
Helmut Wolf
Original Assignee
Astrium Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astrium Gmbh filed Critical Astrium Gmbh
Publication of WO2000024082A1 publication Critical patent/WO2000024082A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0045—Transmission from base station to mobile station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/125—Means for positioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
    • H01Q3/06—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation over a restricted angle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
    • H04B7/18515—Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for tracking satellite antennas, in particular geostationary satellites, which illuminate adjacent terrestrial areas with the aid of at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems each consisting of a radiator array, one or more reflectors assigned to the array and a TT&C antenna exist, wherein the beacon signal received by the TT&C antenna is fed to a ground station of an evaluation device and a correction signal for exact positioning of the satellite is generated in an evaluation device.
  • Geostationary satellites are used to supply selected terrestrial areas with information that can be transferred using electromagnetic data transmission.
  • the areas that are specifically illuminated from the satellite are often directly next to each other and should be supplied with different data if necessary. It is therefore customary for the neighboring areas to be supplied via separate reflector systems which are mounted on the same satellite.
  • the exact alignment of the individual reflector systems is then carried out with the help of beacon stations, which are positioned within the respective illumination area.
  • beacon stations which are positioned within the respective illumination area.
  • ground stations located within the coverage area are used. For reasons of clear location assignment, however, it is necessary to provide at least two ground stations as beacon sensors for each coverage area.
  • a satellite antenna which illuminates adjacent terrestrial areas with the aid of at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems each consisting of antenna arrays and the associated reflectors.
  • the arrangement has a TT&C antenna for tracking, telemetry and command transmission, which is aimed at a coverage area.
  • DE 42 18 371 A1 describes a device for controlling the radiation diagram of an array mounted on a spacecraft using sensors which are aligned with the earth.
  • geostationary satellite arrays of compact radiators are used, each using a common reflector.
  • a TT&C antenna is assigned to the array, which initially serves to receive the beacon signal that originates from a ground station located outside the coverage area.
  • This antenna is designed, for example, as a home antenna with coupling devices for orthogonal higher modes. In the exemplary embodiment, it is arranged outside the array, but uses the same reflector as the array for the exchange of information with the ground station.
  • Another advantageous option is to use your own arrays for data exchange with the beacon stations.
  • the arrangement of these arrays is chosen in such a way that their beam directions coincide, but they hit the ground / beacon stations located outside the actual illumination area.
  • the antiphase excitation of the individual horn radiators of the respective arrays then takes place in the manner shown in FIG. 1 for the vertical polarization and in FIG. 2 for the horizontal polarization.
  • the antenna systems described do not restrict the use of certain types of reflectors.
  • the reflectors can, for example, have continuously conductive or polarisarion-selective surfaces.
  • the use of a separate antenna for beacon signal transmission also includes the use of a transmission and reception frequency that is different from the operating frequency of the array. This enables further data, such as telemetry and telando data, to be exchanged.
  • the coverage of the terrestrial coverage area takes place in the Ka band (10-30 GHz) and the position tracking in the Ku band (10-18 GHz).

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for adjusting antennas situated on geostationary satellites and to a corresponding method carried out with this device. According to the invention, the device has its own antenna, which uses the existing reflector system to enable an exact adjustment to be carried out with the help of a ground station located outside of the terrestrial footprint of the main antenna.

Description

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Nachführung von Satellitenantennen Method and device for tracking satellite antennas
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur Nachführung von Satellitenantennen, insbesondere von geostationären Satelliten, die mit Hilfe von wenigstens zwei Antennensystemen benachbarte terrestrische Gebiete ausleuchten, wobei die Antennensysteme jeweils aus einem Strahlerarray, einem oder mehreren dem Array zugeordneten Reflektoren und einer TT&C-Antenne bestehen, wobei das von der TT&C-Antenne empfangene Bakensignal einer Bodenstation einer Auswertungseinrichtung zugeleitet wird und in einer Auswertungseinrichtung ein Korrektursignal zur exakten Positionierung des Satelliten erzeugt wird.The invention relates to a method and a device for tracking satellite antennas, in particular geostationary satellites, which illuminate adjacent terrestrial areas with the aid of at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems each consisting of a radiator array, one or more reflectors assigned to the array and a TT&C antenna exist, wherein the beacon signal received by the TT&C antenna is fed to a ground station of an evaluation device and a correction signal for exact positioning of the satellite is generated in an evaluation device.
Geostationäre Satelliten dienen der Versorgung ausgewählter terrestrischer Gebiete mit Informationen, die mittels elektromagnetischer Datenübertragung transferierbar sind. Die Gebiete, die vom Satelliten aus gezielt ausgeleuchtet werden, liegen oft direkt nebeneinander und sollen ggf. mit unterschiedlichen Daten versorgt werden. Deshalb ist es üblich, daß die benachbarten Gebiete über getrennte Reflektorsysteme, die auf dem gleichen Satelliten montiert sind, versorgt werden. Die exakte Ausrichtung der einzelnen Reflektorsysteme erfolgt dann mit Hilfe von Bakenstationen, die innerhalb des jeweiligen Ausleuchtgebietes positioniert sind. In der Regel werden dazu innerhalb des Ausleuchtgebietes liegende Bodenstationen verwendet. Aus Gründen der eindeutigen Lagezuordnung ist es allerdings notwendig pro Ausleuchtgebiet mindestens zwei Bodenstationen als Bakengeber bereitzustellen. Wird für das Bakensignal das gleiche Frequenzband wie für das Nutzsignal verwendet, so besteht das Risiko, daß durch Intermodulationsprodukte aus dem für das Senden verwendeten Speisesystem der für die Nachführung benutzte Empfänger in den Sättigungsbereich gefahren wird. Damit ist die Nachführung außer Betrieb gesetzt. Es ist zwar technisch möglich, mit erheblichem bautechnischen Aufwand im Speisesystem die Gefahr der Entstehung von Intermodulationsprodukten weitgehend zu reduzieren, dem steht aber die Forderung nach möglichst geringem Gewicht der Ausrüstungsteile an Bord eines Satelliten entgegen. Aus der Druckschrift REGIER, F. A.: The ACTS Multbeam Antenna. In: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 40, No. 6, June 1992, S. 1 159-1 164 ist eine Satellitenantenne bekannt, die mit Hilfe von wenigstens zwei Antennnensystemen benachbarte terrstrische Gebiete ausleuchtet, wobei die Antennensysteme jeweils aus Strahlerarrys und den dazu gehörenden Reflektoren bestehen. Darüber hinaus weist die Anordnung eine TT&C-Antenne für die Nachführung, die Telemetrie und die Befehlsübermittlung auf, die auf ein Ausleuchtgebiet ausgerichetet ist.Geostationary satellites are used to supply selected terrestrial areas with information that can be transferred using electromagnetic data transmission. The areas that are specifically illuminated from the satellite are often directly next to each other and should be supplied with different data if necessary. It is therefore customary for the neighboring areas to be supplied via separate reflector systems which are mounted on the same satellite. The exact alignment of the individual reflector systems is then carried out with the help of beacon stations, which are positioned within the respective illumination area. As a rule, ground stations located within the coverage area are used. For reasons of clear location assignment, however, it is necessary to provide at least two ground stations as beacon sensors for each coverage area. If the same frequency band is used for the beacon signal as for the useful signal, there is a risk that the receiver used for the tracking will be driven into the saturation range by intermodulation products from the feed system used for the transmission. The tracking is then deactivated. Although it is technically possible to largely reduce the risk of intermodulation products being created in the feed system with considerable structural engineering effort, this is countered by the requirement for the lowest possible weight of the equipment parts on board a satellite. From the publication REGIER, FA: The ACTS Multbeam Antenna. In: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 40, No. 6, June 1992, p. 1 159-1 164 a satellite antenna is known which illuminates adjacent terrestrial areas with the aid of at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems each consisting of antenna arrays and the associated reflectors. In addition, the arrangement has a TT&C antenna for tracking, telemetry and command transmission, which is aimed at a coverage area.
Die Druckschrift DE 42 18 371 A1 beschreibt eine Einrichtung zum Steuern des Strahlungsdiagramms eines auf einem Raumfahrzeug angebrachtenArrays unter Verwendung von auf die Erde ausgerichteten Sensoren.DE 42 18 371 A1 describes a device for controlling the radiation diagram of an array mounted on a spacecraft using sensors which are aligned with the earth.
Schließlich ist aus der Druckschrift UENO, k. et al.: Design and Characteristics of a Multiband Communication Satellite Antenna System. In: IEEE Transaktions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 31 , No. 2, April 1995, eine Antennenanordnung für Satelliten bekannt geworden, die in verschiedenen Frequenzbändern arbeitet.Finally, from the publication UENO, k. et al .: Design and Characteristics of a Multiband Communication Satellite Antenna System. In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 31, No. 2, April 1995, an antenna arrangement for satellites has become known which operates in different frequency bands.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Einrichtung und ein die Einrichtung verwendendes Verfahren zur Nachführung von Reflektorantennen auf geostationären Satelliten anzugeben, bei welchem das Risiko der Störung durch Intermodulationsprodukte ausgeschlossen ist und das sich durch geringen Aufwand an mechanischen und/oder elektrischen Bauteilen auszeichnet.It is an object of the invention to provide a device and a method using the device for tracking reflector antennas on geostationary satellites, in which the risk of interference from intermodulation products is excluded and which is characterized by low expenditure on mechanical and / or electrical components.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in den Ansprüchen 1 und 4 angegebenen Merkmale in einfacher Weise gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsformen ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der nachgeordneten Unteransprüche. Die besonderen Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Nachführeinrichtung liegen darin, daß zum einen nur eine einzige Bodenstation als Bakengeber benotigt wird. Zum anderen reduziert sich der Bauteileaufwand auf dem Satelliten dadurch, daß eine sonst zusätzlich benötigte Telemetrie- und Telekommando-Antenne auf dem Satelliten entfallen kann, da diese Funktion vom Nachführsystem übernommen wird. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung und des Verfahrens zur Nachführung von Antennensystemen auf geostationären Satelliten wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Zur Erläuterung dienen die beiden Figuren der Zeichnung. Es zeigen:This object is achieved in a simple manner by the features specified in claims 1 and 4. Further advantageous embodiments result from the features of the subordinate claims. The particular advantages of the tracking device according to the invention are that, on the one hand, only a single ground station is required as a beacon. On the other hand, the component expenditure on the satellite is reduced by the fact that an otherwise additionally required telemetry and telando antenna can be dispensed with on the satellite, since this function is taken over by the tracking system. An exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention and of the method for tracking antenna systems on geostationary satellites is described below. The two figures of the drawing serve to explain this. Show it:
Fig. 1 : die Anregung einer Nachführantenne bei vertikaler Polarisation,1: the excitation of a tracking antenna with vertical polarization,
Fig. 2: die Anregung einer Nachführantenne bei horizontaler Polarisation.2: the excitation of a tracking antenna with horizontal polarization.
Zur Ausleuchtung ausgewählter terrestrischer Gebiete werden auf geostationären Satelliten Arrays von kompakten Strahlers eingesetzt, die jeweils einen gemeinsamen Reflektor benutzen. Üblicherweise sind auf einem Satelliten mehrere solcher Arrays angeordnet, die benachbarte Gebiete ausleuchten und die Gebiete mit gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Informationen versorgen. Gemäß der Erfindung ist dem Array eine TT&C- Antenne zugeordnet, die zunächst dem Empfang des Bakensignals dient, das von einer außerhalb des Ausleuchtgebiets liegenden Bodenstation stammt. Diese Antenne ist beispielsweise als Homantenne mit Koppelvorrichtungen für orthogonale höhere Moden ausgeführt. Sie wird im Ausführungsbeispiel außerhalb des Arrays angeordnet, benutzt aber für den Informationsaustausch mit der Bodenstation den gleichen Reflektor wie das Array.To illuminate selected terrestrial areas, geostationary satellite arrays of compact radiators are used, each using a common reflector. Usually, several such arrays are arranged on a satellite, which illuminate neighboring areas and provide the areas with the same or different information. According to the invention, a TT&C antenna is assigned to the array, which initially serves to receive the beacon signal that originates from a ground station located outside the coverage area. This antenna is designed, for example, as a home antenna with coupling devices for orthogonal higher modes. In the exemplary embodiment, it is arranged outside the array, but uses the same reflector as the array for the exchange of information with the ground station.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Möglichkeit ist die Verwendung eigener Arrays für den Datenaustausch mit den Bakenstationen. Die Anordnung dieser Arrays wird derart gewählt, daß ihre Strahlrichtungen zwar zusammenfallen, sie treffen jedoch auf die außerhalb des eigentlichen Ausleuchtgebiets liegenden Boden-/Bakenstationen. Die gegenphasige Anregung der einzelnen Hornstrahler des jeweiligen Arrays erfolgt dann in der Weise, wie es in Fig. 1 für die vertikale Polarisation und in Fig. 2 für die horizontale Polarisation dargestellt ist. Die beschriebenen Antennensysteme schränken nicht die Verwendung bestimmter Reflektortypen ein. Die Reflektoren können beispielsweise durchgehend leitende oder auch polarisarionsselektive Oberflächen aufweisen.Another advantageous option is to use your own arrays for data exchange with the beacon stations. The arrangement of these arrays is chosen in such a way that their beam directions coincide, but they hit the ground / beacon stations located outside the actual illumination area. The antiphase excitation of the individual horn radiators of the respective arrays then takes place in the manner shown in FIG. 1 for the vertical polarization and in FIG. 2 for the horizontal polarization. The antenna systems described do not restrict the use of certain types of reflectors. The reflectors can, for example, have continuously conductive or polarisarion-selective surfaces.
Die Verwendung einer gesonderten Antenne für die Bakensignalübertragung beinhaltet auch die Nutzung einer von der Betriebsfrequenz des Arrays unterschiedlichen Sende-und Empfangsfrequenz. Damit können weitere Daten, wie zum Beispiel Telemetrie- und Telekommandodaten, ausgetauscht werden. In einem typischen Anwendungsfall erfolgt die Versorgung des terrestrischen Ausleuchtgebiets im Ka-Band ( 10-30 GHz) und die Positionsnachführung im Ku-Band (10-18 GHz). The use of a separate antenna for beacon signal transmission also includes the use of a transmission and reception frequency that is different from the operating frequency of the array. This enables further data, such as telemetry and telando data, to be exchanged. In a typical application, the coverage of the terrestrial coverage area takes place in the Ka band (10-30 GHz) and the position tracking in the Ku band (10-18 GHz).

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Nachführung von Satellitenantennen, insbesondere von geostationären Satelliten, die mit Hilfe von wenigstens zwei Antennensystemen benachbarte terrestrische Gebiete ausleuchten, wobei die Antennensysteme jeweils aus einem1. Method for tracking satellite antennas, in particular geostationary satellites, which illuminate adjacent terrestrial areas with the aid of at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems each consisting of one
Strahlerarray, einem oder mehreren dem Array zugeordneten Reflektoren und einer TT&C-Antenne bestehen, wobei das von der TT&C-Antenne empfangene Bakensignal einer Bodenstation einer Auswertungseinrichtung zugeleitet wird und in einer Auswertungseinrichtung ein Korrektursignal zur exakten Positionierung des Satelliten erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Bakensignal von einer außerhalb der terrestrischen Ausleuchtgebiete liegenden Bodenstation in Richtung auf den Satelliten gesendet wird.Radiator array, one or more reflectors assigned to the array and a TT&C antenna, the beacon signal received by the TT&C antenna being fed to a ground station of an evaluation device and a correction signal for exact positioning of the satellite being generated in an evaluation device, characterized in that a Beacon signal is sent from a ground station outside the terrestrial coverage areas towards the satellite.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bakensignal in einem anderen Frequenzbereich gesendet wird als das Signal zur Versorgung der terrestrischen Ausleuchtgebiete.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the beacon signal is sent in a different frequency range than the signal for supplying the terrestrial coverage areas.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bakensignal für zusätzliche Signalübertragungen, wie beispielsweise Telemetrie und/oder Telekommando, genutzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the beacon signal is used for additional signal transmissions, such as telemetry and / or Telekommando.
4. Einrichtung zur Nachführung von Satellitenantennen, insbesondere von geostationären Satelliten, die mit Hilfe von wenigstens zwei Antennensystemen benachbarte terrestrische Gebiete ausleuchten, wobei die Antennensysteme jeweils aus einem Strahlerarray, einem oder mehreren dem Array zugeordneten Reflektoren und einer4. Device for tracking satellite antennas, in particular geostationary satellites, which illuminate adjacent terrestrial areas with the aid of at least two antenna systems, the antenna systems each consisting of an antenna array, one or more reflectors assigned to the array and one
TT&C-Antenne bestehen, wobei das von der TT&C-Antenne empfangene Bakensignal einer Bodenstation einer Auswertungseinrichtung zugeleitet wird und in einer Auswertungseinrichtung ein Korrektursignal zur exakten Positionierung des Satelliten erzeugt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß außerhalb der terrestrischen Ausleuchtgebiete eine Bodenstation angeordnet ist, die ein Bakensignal aussendet. There is a TT&C antenna, the beacon signal received by the TT&C antenna being fed to a ground station of an evaluation device and a correction signal for exact positioning of the satellite being generated in an evaluation device, characterized in that a ground station is arranged outside the terrestrial coverage areas, which is a beacon signal sends out.
5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Baken-/Sensor-System eine andere Betriebsfrequenz als im Speisesystem verwendet wird.5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that a different operating frequency is used in the beacon / sensor system than in the feed system.
6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die TT&C-Antenne als Strahlerarray ausgeführt ist.6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the TT&C antenna is designed as a radiator array.
7. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die TT&C-Antenne als einzelner Strahler mit Modenkoppler ausgeführt ist.7. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the TT&C antenna is designed as a single radiator with mode coupler.
8. Einrichtung nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die TT&C-Antenne und das Speisesystem das gleiche Reflektorsystem benutzen.8. Device according to at least one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the TT&C antenna and the feed system use the same reflector system.
9. Einrichtung nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der von der TT&C-Antenne empfangene Grundmode (Summensignal) für zusätzliche Signalübertragungen, wie beispielsweise Telemetrie und oder9. Device according to at least one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the received from the TT&C antenna basic mode (sum signal) for additional signal transmissions, such as telemetry and or
Telekommando, genutzt wird. Telekommando is used.
PCT/DE1999/003114 1998-10-21 1999-09-28 Method and device for adjusting satellite antennas WO2000024082A1 (en)

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DE1998148572 DE19848572C1 (en) 1998-10-21 1998-10-21 Method and device for tracking satellite antennas
DE19848572.7 1998-10-21

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EP1160913A2 (en) * 2000-05-31 2001-12-05 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antenna system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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EP1160913A3 (en) * 2000-05-31 2003-01-08 Nokia Corporation Antenna system

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