WO2000016913A1 - Durably wettable, liquid pervious webs - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed are durably wettable, liquid pervious webs that are particularly useful as topsheet materials for absorbent articles, such as baby and adult diapers, feminine hygiene products and the like. The durably wettable, liquid pervious webs are formed by applying a relatively permanent hydrophilic coating onto at least one surface of a web (a polymeric film or nonwoven) via plasma polymerization. Also disclosed are absorbent articles which include the durably wettable, liquid pervious webs as a topsheet, as well as the plasma polymerization process for making the durably wettable, liquid pervious webs.

Description

DURABLY WETTABLE, LIQUID PERVIOUS WEBS

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This is a Contmuation-m-Part of co-pendmg application Serial No. 09/157,845 filed September 29, 1998

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a durably wettable, liquid pervious web that is particularly suitable as a topsheet for absorbent articles More particularly, the invention relates to a polymeric film or nonwoven to which is applied a thin coatmg of organic mateπal onto at least one surface of the film or nonwoven The thin organic coating is applied by a plasma-induced chemical vapor deposition process. The thin organic coating renders the web more permanently hydrophilic than other methods known in the art. The invention further relates to a process for making the durably wettable, liquid pervious web, and to articles containing the durably wettable, liquid pervious web as a topsheet.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Polymeric and nonwoven webs are common components of disposable absorbant articles, dryer sheets and the like. More particularly, macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional, polymeric films have been utilized as topsheet mateπals for disposable absorbent articles. As used herein, the term "macroscopically expanded", when used to descπbe three-dimensional webs, refers to webs which have been caused to conform to the surface of a three-dimensional forming structure so that both surfaces thereof exhibit the three-dimensional pattern of the forming structure or webs that have an inherent three- dimensional pattern arising from their structure Regardless of whether the three-dimensional pattern is inherent or generated by application of a forming process, the pattern is readily visible to the naked eye when the perpendicular distance between the viewer's eye and the plane of the web is about 12 inches By way of contrast, the term "planar", when utilized herein to descπbe nonwovens and polymeric films, refers to the overall condition of the web when viewed by the naked eye on a macroscopic scale. In this context "planar" webs may include webs having fine-scale surface aberrations on one or both sides, the surface aberrations not being readily visible to the naked eye when the perpendicular distance between the viewer's eye and the plane of the web is about 12 inches or greater

One macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional apertured polymeric web which is particularly well suited to transferπng liquid deposited on one surface thereof to its opposite surface and thereafter isolating the transferred liquid from a wearer's skin is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Patent No. 3.929,135 issued to Thompson on Dec 30, 1975, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herem Thompson describes a macroscopically expanded, three dimensional web (e g., a topsheet) compπsed of liquid impermeable mateπal, but provided with a pattern of tapered capillaries, the capillaπes having a base opening in the plane of the topsheet and an apex opening remote from the plane of the topsheet, the apex opening being m intimate contact with the absorbent pad utilized in the disposable absorbent article The Thompson topsheet allows the free transfer of liquids from the wearer's body into the absorbent element of the device while inhibiting the reverse flow of these liquids. This provides a relatively much drier surface in contact with the user than had previously been obtainable Another macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional apertured plastic web well suited for use as a topsheet on absorbent articles such as sanitary napkins is disclosed m commonly assigned U.S. Patent No 4,342,314 issued to Radel et al on Aug 3, 1982, the patent being hereby incorporated by reference herein. The macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional plastic web disclosed in the Radel patent exhibits a fiber-like appearance and tactile impression which has been favorably received by consumers when used as a wearer contacting surface According to the teachings of the commonly assigned patents to Thompson and to Radel, et al., plastic webs of the aforementioned type can be made by applying a pressure differential to the web while it is supported on a three-dimensional forming structure until the web is macroscopically expanded to comply with the three-dimensional cross-section of the forming structure on which it is supported When apertuπng of the macroscopically expanded, three-dimensional web is desired, the pressure (vacuum is descπbed) differential is applied continuously until such time as apertuπng of the web in areas coinciding with the apertures m the forming structure has been completed A multi-phase, liquid-based process such as that descπbed in U S Patent No 4,609,518, issued

September 2, 1986 to Curro et al (hereafter referred to as '"518 patent"), was also developed to provide a film with very small and very large apertures immediately adjacent one another As the patent discloses, the formation of the very small (including micro-sized) apertures in the direction opposite those formed for large apertures hinders the ability of initially unabsorbed liquid from running off the web's surface Thus, liquid not immediately transported through the large apertures is restrained from running off the web's surface, and is subsequently taken up through the larger apertures and is deposited in the article's core where the web is used as a topsheet material These outwardly formed small apertures also reduce the level of web/skm contact and reduce the rigidity of the film, and thereby feel more comfortable to the user Wearers have reported that such topsheets have a soft silky surface. Alternatively, the '518 patent discloses films where the very small apertures are formed m the same direction as the macro-apertures.

Regardless of the means employed for aperture formation, where a wettable film material is desired, the above references generally obtain such a structure by surface treating the naturally hydrophobic polymeπc web with a wetting agent Surface treatment is generally accomplished by either spraying surfactant onto the web's surface or by dipping the web in a surfactant-containing bath Regardless of which of these methods is employed, surface treatment suffers from the inability to precisely control the location and level of treatment, as well as adverse effects caused by migration of significant amounts of surfactant into apertures and other components (e g., absorbent core) when the apertured film is used as a topsheet in an absorbent article Surface treatment further suffers from the disadvantage that desirable wetting agents, or surfactants, tend to be washed off upon repeated exposure to such liquids. Thus, when

75 used as a topsheet m an absorbent article, the treated films lose their ability to transport liquid away from the skin and mto the article's core after repeated wettings.

U S Patent No 4,535,020, issued to Thomas et al. on August 13, 1985, addresses some of the problems associated with surface treating vacuum-formed apertured films by incorporating hydrophilic surfactant in the polymeric resin before extrusion for film formation (referred to herein as "resin

80 incorporated surfactant", or "RIS") (See also commonly assigned U S. Patent Application Seπal No 08/713,377, filed September 13, 1996 by Y P Lee, et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,923,914 to Nohr et al., issued May 8, 1990, U.S. Patent No. 5,057,262 to Nohr et al , issued October 15, 1991; U.S. Patent No. 5,120,888 to Nohr et al , issued June 9, 1992.) According to the teachings of Thomas, after extrusion of the resin/surfactant mixture, and subsequent formation of the apertures, the incompatible surfactant eventually

85 blooms to the film's surface to provide a more durably wettable web However, as with surface treatment, RIS suffers from some degree of surfactant wash-off during use and/or during manufacture, particularly if liquid pressure differentials are used to form the web's apertures. Also, hydrophilic webs formed using RIS techniques are not immediately wettable, and depending on the relationship between the resm and the surfactant and environmental conditions, may not become wettable for finite peπods of tune. Similarly,

90 when such webs are used in absorbent articles, there will be some time delay before surfactant (that is washed off during wear) is replenished at the web's surface.

In spite of the teachings of the pπor art, there remains a need for a liquid pervious web or film material that offers improved durable wettability after the passage of time and/or after exposure to liquid insults Such mateπals have particular suitability for use in disposable absorbent structures There also

95 remains the need for a process that provides such a durably wettable, liquid pervious web

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a liquid pervious web having improved durable wettability This durable wettability is attained by applying a plasma-induced hydrophilic coating onto at least one surface of the starting web, to render the resulting web durably hydrophilic

100

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a durably wettable, liquid pervious web that is particularly useful as a topsheet material for absorbent articles In one respect, the inventions relates to a durably-wettable, liquid pervious web which comprises 105 (l) a web selected from the group consistmg of polymeric films and nonwovens;

(n) a substantially contmous hydrophilic coating, less than about 2.5 microns thick, on at least one surface of the web, wherein said hydrophilic coating is applied to the web by plasma polymeπzation, wherein at least one surface of the durably-wettable, liquid pervious web has a Post Aging contact angle 110 that is not more than about 60 degrees greater than the Pre Agmg contact angle.

In a similar aspect respect, at least one surface of the treated web will have a Post Washing contact angle that is not more than about 60 degrees greater than the Pre Washmg contact angle. Preferably, both conditions will exist in a single web

The invention also relates to an absorbent article compπsing a durably wettable, liquid pervious 115 topsheet, the topsheet compπsing a web and a hydrophilic coating on at least one surface of the web, wherein the hydrophilic coating is applied to the substrate by plasma polymerization.

Finally, the invention relates to a plasma polymeπzation process for making the durably wettable, liquid pervious webs described herein

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

120 I Durably Wettable. Liquid Pervious Webs

As discussed in detail below, the present invention relates to a durably wettable web that is prepared by applying a hydrophilic coating to a starting polymeric film or nonwoven, using a plasma polymerization process

As used herein, the term "web" refers to the starting substrate (i.e., a polymeric film or nonwoven) 125 to which the hydrophilic coating is applied In contrast, the terms "durably wettable, liquid pervious web" or "treated web" refer to the final product - the polymer film or nonwoven having the durable hydrophilic coating

As used herein, the term "liquid pervious" refers to the ability of a web or treated web to transport liquids from one surface of the web or treated web to the opposite surface of the web or treated web in a 130 sufficiently efficient manner so as to allow the treated web to be used as a component of a disposable article Webs may be inherently liquid pervious or may be made liquid pervious by application of a processing step, such as, apertuπng

As used herein, the term "substantially contmuos" means sufficiently contmuos to provide the hydrophilic or wettable properties as defined by the stated or claimed contact angle limitations. 135 As used herein, the terms "hydrophilic" and "wettable" are used interchangeably and refer to surfaces that are wettable by aqueous liquids (e.g., aqueous body liquids) deposited on these surfaces.

Hydrophilicity and wettability are typically defined in terms of contact angle and the surface tension of the liquids and solids involved. This is discussed in detail in the Amencan Chemical Society publication entitled Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, edited by Robert F Gould (Copyright 1964) A web 140 surface is said to be wetted by a liquid (I e., hydrophilic) when either the contact angle between the liquid and the web surface is less than 90°, or when the liquid tends to spread spontaneously across the surface of the web, both conditions normally co-existing Conversely, a surface is considered to be hydrophobic if the contact angle is greater than 90° and the liquid does not spread spontaneously across the surface of the web

In general, the lower the contact angle between the surface and the liquid, the more hydrophilic the surface 145 The durably wettable, liquid pervious webs of the present invention are "durably wettable", insofar as the hydrophilic character engendered to the otherwise more hydrophobic film is maintained over time and after exposure to liquids. As discussed above, pπor approaches directed at making hydrophobic films wettable result in initial improvements in wettability, but suffer from the negative attribute that wettability is lost over time and/or exposure to liquids. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that typical

150 hydrophilic polymer and surface-treated polymer systems, such as corona discharge treatments, go through a "hydrophobic recovery" process. Durmg the hydrophobic recovery process, surface wettability tends to decay over time because thermodynamics favors the exposure of lower surface energy molecular chain segments at polymer surface. Upon aging, hydrophilic molecular segments reoπent and embed themselves and expose hydrophobic segments at polymer surface. If chemical crosslinkrng is induced at the polymer

155 surface, the cross nking tends to limit polymer chain mobility, thus significantly slowing the "hydrophobic recovery" process and therefore preserving polymer surface wettability over tune. Since Applicants' invention provides for polymer chemical crosslinkrng, via a radiation curing process, a durably wettable, liquid pervious web can be produced.

Durable wettability is described herein in terms of the ability of a durably wettable, liquid pervious

160 web (as indicated, also referred to herein as a "treated web", to distinguish from the startmg more hydrophobic "web") to retain its wettable character after agmg (referred to as "Post Aging") and/or after exposure to liquids (referred to as "Post Washing"). The methods for measuring Post Aging contact angle and Post Washing contact angle are discussed below.

As indicated, the durable wettability of the present durably wettable, liquid pervious webs is

165 attained by use of a plasma process. Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter. When energy is applied to a solid (e.g., a polymeric film or nonwoven), the solid can undergo a transition to the liquid state. If further energy is applied, the liquid becomes a gas. If additional energy of the proper kind is applied, the gas dissociates and becomes plasma. Plasmas exist m a variety of forms. The prefeπed plasma useful herein is a low pressure or vacuum process, which allows processing of the web at or near ambient

170 temperature, 1 e.. about 20°C. This prevents thermal degradation of the web being processed and/or thermal distortion of the formed web that is being treated Within the plasma chamber where the web is to be treated, active species in the form of electrons, free-radicals, ions and energetic neutrals collide with the surface of the web, e.g. polymer, breaking molecular bonds and creating new functional groups on the surface. These active and energetic species also react in the gas phase, resulting in a thin coating bemg

175 deposited on at least one surface of the web.

Suitable plasma systems for use m the present invention incorporate a parallel plate electrode design where materials to be treated are exposed directly to the primary field of RF energy, but are not part of the circuitry. The subsequent pπmary plasma is particularly more uniform and more efficient since the part is exposed in all three dimensions to the glow discharge. With higher pressure processes (but still

180 within the general definition of a cold gas plasma), some form of gas delivery system, designed to create a uniform laminar flow of process gas throughout the entire chamber volume is beneficial In multiple electrode/shelf designs, it is important that each of the electrodes receive equal amounts of RF energy. In this manner a uniform glow discharge is created between each shelf or in each plasma zone. Solid state components and microprocessor control of the system parameters of process time, flow rate, power level, 185 and working pressure, will also ensure process uniformity, efficiency, and repeatability.

Since plasmas are electπcally conductive atmospheres, they carry a characteπstic impedance to the output of the RF generator. Therefore, the preferred plasma process utilizes a matching network to constantly tune the plasma impedance to the output impedance of the RF generator Advanced plasma systems suitable for use m the present invention are available from HIMONT Plasma Science, Foster City,

190 Calif (a busmess unit of HIMONT U.S.A., Inc.), and incorporate an automatic matching type of network and provisions for eπor checking during the process.

The low temperature plasma is generated in a gaseous atmosphere at reduced pressure of from about 0.001 to about 10 Ton, preferably from about 0 01 to about 5 Torr, more preferably from about 0.05 to about 1 Torr, and most preferably from about 0.05 to about 0.4 Ton. The electπc power can be supplied

195 to the equipment at a high radio frequency, from about 40 KHz to about 3 GHz, preferably from about 13 to about 27 MHz. and most conveniently at about 14 MHz. To achieve the desired plasma condition m the gaseous atmosphere, the electπc power delivered to the apparatus can vary over a range of from about 10 to about 10,600 watts; preferably from about 50 to about 5,000 watts, more preferably from about 250 to about 3000 watts, most preferably from about 500 to about 2500 watts. The power used is somewhat

200 dependent on the chamber's working volume. The most preferred range of about 500 to about 2500 watts is appropriate for HIMONT Plasma Science PS0500D gas plasma apparatus with a working volume of about 5 0 cubic feet. The plasma treatment time varies from a few seconds to several mmutes, preferably from about 20 seconds to about 30 minutes, most preferably from about 60 seconds to about 20 minutes.

It should be appreciated that treatment pressure, time and power are interrelated, rather than

205 independent, variables The effect of the level selected for each of these vaπables will determine the extent of web surface modification and/or coating thickness; also related are the chamber volume and geometry as well as the sample size and surface geometry The selection of the level for these variables is well within the ordinary skill of practitioners in the art to which this invention pertains.

The hydrophilic coating layer is deposited onto the surface of a suitable web (either previously

210 apertured or unapertured) by low temperature plasma-induced vapor deposition (i.e., polymerization) of a monomer or a combination of monomers, such that a hydrophilic coating will be applied to the web. In a preferred embodiment, the monomers will be silicon-containing compounds having one to three silicon atoms, which compounds are selected from the group consisting of (I) silanes of the formula SιR₄ where each R is the same or different and is selected from H, a C C_s linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy; a C₆-C,₀

215 aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with C C_Λ linear or branched alkyl; a vinyl radical, i.e. -CH=CH₂; or a C₃-C₅ allyl radical; provided that when R is H only one or two Rs are H; (n) organosihcones based on a structure consisting of alternate silicon and oxygen atoms with vaπous organic radicals attached to the silicon having the formula R^,R"R"'Sι-[-0-Sι(R')(R")-]_n-R"', where R', R" and R"' can be the same or different and are C,-C₈ linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy, R' and R" can also be hydrogen provided that no

220 more than 50% of the R' and R" groups are hydrogen, and n is 1, 2 or 3; and (in) mixtures thereof.

Representative silicon compounds include, but are not limited to, hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), methyltπmethoxy silane (MTMS), vmyltπmethoxy silane (VTMS), vinyltπethoxy silane (VTES), ethylmethoxy silane (EMS), ethyltπmethoxy silane (ETMS), tetraethoxy silane (TES), cyclohexylmethyl-dimethoxy silane (CMDMS), dicyclopentyl-dimethoxy silane (DCDMS),

225 phenyltπethoxy silane (PES), drphenyldimethoxy silane (DPDMS), tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDSO), and hexamethyltπsiloxane (HMTSO) The silicon compounds employed are introduced into the plasma deposition chamber in the gaseous state Prior to being introduced into the chamber, the silicon compound is heated to a temperature of from about 40° to about 100°C, generally from about 40° to about 60°C, to vaporize the compound and create sufficient vapor pressure such that the coatmg is deposited at a

230 reasonable speed Oxygen in gaseous form and argon are fed into the deposition chamber simultaneously with, but each with a separate feedmg means and mass flow controller, the gaseous silicon compound Depending upon the application, the 0_; flow rate ranges from about 25 standard cubic centimeter/minute ("seem") to about 1200 seem, the gaseous silicon compound flow is from about 10 seem to about 250 seem, and Ar flow is from about 1 seem to about 150 seem Argon is used to enhance the rate of deposition

235 of the gaseous materials being employed and, therefore, it is preferable to use Argon m the process With respect to the flow rates for argon and oxygen versus the monomer (e g HMDSO) flow rate, the following are prefeπed assuming that the mass flow Ql represents 3% argon and 97 % oxygen and vapor mass flow Q2 represents the mass flow for the monomer, the prefered ratio of Ql Q2 is from about 10 1 to about 1 2, more prefered is from about 5 1 to about 1 1, and most prefeπed is about 3 2

240 Oxygen is essential to the plasma deposition process with the silicon compounds according to this invention Without oxygen, it is not possible to obtain a plasma-induced hydrophilic coating using the aforementioned silicon compounds Whatever oxidizing effect it has, it appears to be necessary to utilize oxygen if one is to obtain the hydrophilic coatings of this invention

The total vapor pressure of the gaseous mateπals introduced into the plasma deposition chamber

245 for the deposition of the hydrophilic coating layer is about 0 04 to about 0 5 Torr, preferably about 0 35 to about 0 45 Ton, most preferably about 0 4 Torr The process pressure must be such that a low bias potential on the RF-dπven electrode is achieved The total vapor pressure for the hydrophilic coating layer is from about 0 04 to about 0 4 Ton, preferably from about 0 06 to about 0 13 Ton, depending on the process used and the substrate being treated

250 Alternatively, monomer deposition may be achieved via the flash vapoπzation technique that is descπbed in U S Patent No 4,842,893 issued to Yiahzis on Apr 29, 1988, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein

The web to be subjected to plasma polymerization may be flat (two dimensional) or complex (three dimensional, including previously apertured films and nonwovens) That is, plasma treatment may

255 be conducted either before or after formation of the apertures of the web In a prefened embodiment, plasma treatment will be conducted after aperture formation, so as to better preserve a uniform hydrophilic coating on the web's surface

The aforementioned advanced plasma systems available from HIMONT Plasma Science, such as the PS0500D reactor are equipped with a throttle valve, thereby making it possible to achieve a range of

260 process pressures with the same gas flow rate The plasma treatment time for obtaining the desired hydrophilic coatings is from typically about 1 minute to about 10 minutes, preferably about 1.5 to about 4 mmutes, most preferably about 1.5 to about 2.5 minutes; and the RF power used to cause reaction of the vapor is typically from about 200 to about 1500 watts, preferably about 1000 to about 1400 watts, most preferably about 1100 to about 1300 watts. The RF

265 power typically employs ranges from about 1200 to about 2500 watts and depends on the substrate being treated and the throughput requirements. The resulting hydrophilic coatmgs can be produced in different thicknesses, but are typically from about 0.1 to about 2.5 microns, preferably about 1 to about 2 microns.

As indicated, the plasma induced hydrophilic coating exhibits a contact angle for water of less than about 90 degree, such that any water placed on the treated web will tend to spread spontaneously over

270 the treated web's coated surface. In a prefened embodiment, the treated web may be further treated by exposure to a low temperature plasma gas composition (also refened to herein as a "surface modifying gas stream") or an energy source (also refened herein as "radiation cuπng") such as an apparatus that emits, including but not limited to, infra red, electron beam, thermionic or ultra violet radiation. Apparatuses that are suitable as energy sources in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,842,893 issued to

275 Yializis on Apr. 29, 1988, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

In the surface modifying gas stream embodiment the gas stream preferably comprises N_;0 and CO_:, to enhance the durability of the hydrophilic coating In one such prefened embodiment, the plasma gas composition will comprise from about 80 to about 40 mol % N_;0 and from about 20 to about 60 mol % CO_:, preferably from about 70 to about 45 mol % N_:0 and from about 30 to about 55 mol % CO,, most

280 preferably from about 60 to about 45 mol % N_:0 and from about 40 to about 55 mol % CO_:, where the amount of N_:0 and CO_: in the mixture equals 100 to 10 mol %, for a time sufficient to modify the surface of the hydrophilic coating to enhance its durability.

In the radiation curing embodiment, the radiation source is preferably a gas discharge electron beam gun The gun directs a flow of electrons through a emitter window onto the monomer, thereby

285 further cuπng the monomer, which enhances the durability of the hydrophilic coating. Curing is controlled by matching the electron beam voltage to the dielectric thickness of the monomer coating. For example, a 10 Kv electron voltage will penetrate about 1 micron of deposited monomer.

The plasma process is generally practiced as follows. The starting web to be treated is placed into a vacuum chamber and the chamber pressure is reduced, typically to about 0.005 Ton. The process gas or

290 gas mixture employed is introduced to the chamber and the chamber pressure is stabilized at a pressure of 0.04-0.4 Ton. The interior dimension of the work area is approximately 1.73 X 0.76 X 1.02 meters (width x height x depth) for a total working volume of 1.34 cubic meters A suitable high frequency form of energy, typically 13.56 MHz radio frequency energy, is used to create the plasma; in the system descπbed, this is achieved with a total power input capacity of up to 2500 watts. The RF energy dissociates the gas,

295 creating a plasma characterized by a distinctive glow Since the process is conducted at reduced pressures, the bulk temperature of the gas is near ambient temperature, thus the reference to a cold gas plasma, a glow discharge, or a cold gas glow discharge. Because the web being subjected to the plasma conditions is located within the electric field, the process is refened to as direct plasma polymerization. In contrast, see co-pendmg U S. Patent Application Seπal No 09/157840, filed September 21, 1998 by P. France et al.,

300 titled DURABLY WETTABLE POLYMERIC WEBS PREPARED USING A REMOTE PLASMA POLYMERIZATION PROCESS, which descπbes a process for makmg durably wettable webs usmg "remote" plasma polymerization.) The electrons or ions created in the plasma bombard the web's surface, abstracting atoms or breaking bonds, creating free radicals. These free radicals are unstable and seek to satisfy a more stable state by reacting with free radicals or groups within the plasma gas, also establishing

305 new moieties on the surface of the web In addition, the energetic electrons in the glow discharge fragment the molecules in the gas phase, leading to complex chemical reactions that result m a thin hydrophilic coating being deposited on at least one surface of the web

Typically, and preferably, before plasma deposition of the hydrophilic coating onto the web, an initial step is performed The purpose of this step is to clean the web's surface to promote adhesion of the

310 subsequently deposited thin hydrophilic coating Cleaning may be accomplished by subjecting the web's surface to radiation (herein refened to as radiation cleanmg) from an energy source including but not limited to, infra red, electron beam, thermionic or ultra violet radiation or by plasma cleaning. Apparatuses that are suitable as energy sources in the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,842,893 issued to Yiahzis on Apr 29, 1988 In the radiation cleaning embodiment, the radiation source is

315 preferably a gas discharge electron beam gun. The gun directs a flow of electrons through a emitter window onto the web's surface, thereby abstracting atoms or breaking bonds, thus creating free radicals These free radicals are unstable and seek to satisfy a more stable state thus they serve as bonding sites for the monomers that are used to produce the web's hydrophilic coatmg Cleaning is controlled by matchmg the electron beam voltage to the dielectric thickness or depth of cleaning that is desired For example, a 10

320 v electron voltage will penetrate to a web depth of about 1 micron

In the plasma cleaning embodiment, the gases are usually either Ar alone, 0₂ alone, or mixtures (e g , 1 1 ratio) of Ar and 0₂ Gas flow rates are typically in the range of about 20 to about 100 seem (standard cc/mm), preferably about 40 to about 80 seem, and most preferably about 50 to about 60 seem RF power is approximately 1100 watts, and process pressure is about 0 040 Ton.

325 After the optional initial step, the next step is the plasma deposition of the hydrophilic coating, as described above and in more detail in the examples below Often, but not always, a step subsequent to the CO_: and N₂0 surface treating step is used to enhance the durability or uniformity of the plasma coating. Useful process gases are Ar and/or 0₂ Process times are usually about 1 to about 3 mmutes, with about 2 minutes typically being optimum. Gas flows range from about 40 to about 250 seem, with process

330 pressures from about 0.200 to about 0 400 Ton, and RF input power from about 150 to about 1500 watts.

The materials useful as polymeric films to be plasma treated to provide a hydrophilic coating will be derived from thermoplastic polymers In general, the term "thermoplastic polymer" is used herein to mean any thermoplastic polymer which can be used for the preparation of films. Examples of thermoplastic polymers include, by way of illustration only, end-capped polyacetals, such as

335 poly(oxymethylene) or polyformaldehyde, poly(tπchloroacetaldehyde), poly(n-valeraldehyde), poly(acetaldehyde), poly(propιonaldehyde), and the like, acrylic polymers, such as polyacrylamide, poly(acrylιc acid), poly(methacrylιc acid), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), and the luce; fluorocarbon polymers, such as poly(tetrafluoroethylene), perfluormated ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, poly(chlorotπfluoroethylene), ethylene-chlorotπfluoroethylene

340 copolymers, poly(vmyhdene fluoride), poly(vmyl fluoride), and the like; polyamides, such as poly(6- aminocaproic acid) or poly(ε-caprolactam), poly(hexamethylene adipamide), poly(hexamethylene sebacamide), poly(l l-ammoundecanoιc acid), and the like; polyaramides, such as poly(ιmιno-l,3- phenyleneiminoisophthaloyl) or poly(m-phenylene lsophthalamide), and the like, polyarylenes, such as poly-p-xylylene, poly(chloro-ρ-xylylene), and the like; polyaryl ethers, such as poly(oxy-2,6-dιmethyl-l,4-

345 phenylene) or poly(p-phenylene oxide), and the like, polyaryl sulfones, such as poly(oxy-l,4- phenylenesulfonyl- 1 ,4-phenyleneoxy- 1 ,4-phenylene-ιsopropyhdene- 1 ,4-phenylene), poly(sulfonyl- 1 ,4- phenyleneoxy-l,4-phenylene-sulfonyl-4,4'-bιphenylene), and the like; polycarbonates, such as poly(bιsphenol A) or poly(carbonyldιoxy-l,4-phenylene-ιsopropyhdene-l,4-phenylene), and the like, polyesters, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), poly(cyclohexylene-

350 1 ,4-dιmethylene terephthalate) or poly(oxymethylene-l,4-cyclohexyl-enemethyleneoxyterephthaloyl), and the like, polyaryl sulfides, such as poly(p-phenylene sulfide) or poly(thιo- 1 ,4-phenylene), and the like, polyimides, such as poly(pyromelhtιmιdo-l,4-phenylene), and the like, polyolefins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(l-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(l-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-l- pentene), poly(4-methyl-l-pentene), l,2-poly-l,3-butadιene, l,4-poly-l,3-butadιene, polyisoprene,

355 polychloroprene, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vιnyl acetate), poly(vιnyhdene chloride), polystyrene, and the like; copolymers of the foregoing, such as acrylonitπle-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymers, and the like.

Prefened polymers are polyolefins and polyesters, with polyolefins being more prefened. Even more prefened are those polyolefins which contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms and which are prepared by the addition polymerization of one or more unsaturated monomers Examples of such

360 polyolefins include, among others, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(l-butene), poly(2-butene), ρoly(l- pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-l-pentene), ρoly(4-methyl-l-pentene), l,2-poly-l,3-butadιene, 1,4-poly- 1,3 -butadiene, polyisoprene, and the like. In addition, such term is meant to include blends of two or more polyolefins and random and block copolymers prepared from two or more different unsaturated monomers. Because of their commercial importance, the most prefened polyolefins are polyethylene and

365 polypropylene

In addition to polymeric films, webs that can be used to produce the durably wettable, liquid pervious webs of the present invention include but are not limited to spun bonded, hydroentangled, needled and polymeπcly bound nonwovens Suitable nonwoven webs are typically formed from organic textile fibers including but not limited to cotton, wool, wood, jute, viscous rayon, nylon, polyester, polyolefins,

370 carbon, or mixtures thereof. Inorganic fibers such as glass and metal can be used alone or in combination or further combined with organic fibers In the case of staple fibers, fiber length vanes from about 1/4 inch to about 2 or more inches. In the case of spun bonded webs, the fiber lengths are indefinite. The staple fibers used in hydroentangled, needled and polymeπcly bound nonwovens are processed through conventional textile machinery. 375 For example, in producing a polymeπcly bound, nonwoven web, a cardmg machine may be used to form a contmuous length of rather two-dimensional loosely associated fibers known as a carded web. These webs may be assembled to form a multiple layer or three-dimensional fibrous web of significant weight, e.g., from about several grams to thousands of grams per yard. In continuous nonwoven fibrous webs, the textile fibers are anayed at vaπous angles to the lengthwise axis of the web. When a web is

380 formed by the action of a carding machine, the fibers are usually predommantly oriented m the machme direction and. on the other hand, lsotropic webs may be formed such as by air-lay mg. The fibrous webs descπbed above are typically impregnated with a polymeric binding agent (polymencly bound). In a prefened form, the polymeπc binders are applied as emulsions of acrylic, polyvinylacetate, or similar polymeric nature, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the fibers are unwoven and substantially haphazardly

385 oriented and adhesively bonded together with polymeric binder.

Hydroentangled and needled webs are distinct from polymeπcly bound webs as they rely principally on the physical entanglement of their fibers to provide web lntegπty. In contrast to polymeπcly bound and physically entangled webs, spun bond webs typically are composed of fibers of infinite length that are bound together through solvent or melt processes.

390 As indicated, the webs may be in the form of a flat film or may be a previously apertured three dimensional film. The coatings are durable and mcrease the surface energy of the web to render the treated web more wettable. The coating is durable, in that it is maintained over time, even after exposure to water or other aqueous liquids. In this regard, the webs of the present invention are descπbed m one respect in terms of their ability to remain wettable over time and/or after exposure to liquids. The ability to remain

395 wettable over time is assessed by measuπng the web's Post Aging contact angle. This measurement involves stoπng the treated web at 60° C for 16 hours, to artificially age the treated web, before measuπng contact angle. The ability to remain wettable after exposure to liquids is assessed by measunng the web's Post Washing contact angle. This measurement involves placing a 2 in. x 2 in. sample of treated web in a 250 ml water bath at 65°C for 90 sec. with vigorous agitation prior to measuring contact angle. Procedures

400 and devices for measuπng contact angle between a liquid and a web surface are well known in the art. However, water contact angle, measured with a goniometer (Model # 100-00, Rame-Hart, Inc., Mountain Lakes, NJ), is used to assess the web wettability of the present invention. All contact angle measurements arc reported as the average measurements on 3 samples.

In one aspect, the treated web of the present invention will have a Post Agmg contact angle that is

405 not more than about 60 degrees greater than the treated web's Pre Agmg contact angle (i.e., the contact angle as measured before storage at 60°C for 16 hours). Preferably, the treated web will have a Post Agmg contact angle that is not more than about 40 degrees, more preferably not more than about 20 degrees, still more preferably not more than about 10 degrees, greater than the Pre Aging contact angle. In another respect, the treated web of the present invention will have a Post Washing contact angle that is not more

410 than about 60 degrees greater than the treated web's Pre Washing contact angle (i.e., the contact angle as measured before the treated web is placed m a 250 ml water bath at 65° C for 90 sec with vigorous agitation) In this regard, the treated web will preferably have a Post Washing contact angle that is not more than about 40 degrees, more preferably not more than about 20 degrees, still more preferably not more than about 10 degrees, greater than the Pre Washmg contact angle. In a prefened aspect, the treated

415 web of the present invention will exhibit both the Post Aging and Post Washmg requirements discussed above.

The treated webs of the present mvention will exhibit either (preferably both) a Post Aging or a Post Washmg contact angle of less than about 90 degrees, preferably not more than about 70 degrees, more preferably not more than about 50 degrees, still more preferably not more than about 30 degrees, and most

420 preferably not more than about 20 degrees

II Absorbent Articles

As used herein, the term "absorbent article" refers generally to devices used to absorb and contain

425 body exudates, and more specifically refers to devices which are placed agamst or m proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and contain the various exudates discharged from the body The term "absorbent article" is intended to include diapers, catamenial pads, tampons, sanitary napkms, incontinent pads, training pants and the like, as well as wipes, bandages and wound dressings. The term "disposable" is used herein to describe absorbent articles which are not intended to be laundered or otherwise restored or reused

430 as an absorbent article (i.e., they are intended to be discarded after limited use, and, preferably, to be recycled, composted or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally compatible manner). A "unitary" absorbent article refers to absorbent articles which are formed as a single structure or as separate parts united together to form a coordinated entity so that they do not require separate manipulative parts such as a separate holder and pad.

435 It is to be understood that the overall size, shape, and/or configuration of the absorbent article, if any, into which the treated webs according to the present invention are incorporated, or utilized in conjunction with, have no cπticality or functional relationship to the principles of the present invention. Such parameters, however, must be considered along with the intended liquid and intended functionality when determining appropriate web configurations

440 In addition to the treated webs of the present invention, absorbent articles will also compπse an absorbent core for retention of any absorbed body liquids. Exemplary absorbent structures for use as the absorbent core in the present invention are described in U.S Patent No 4,950,264 issued to Osborn on August 21, 1990; U.S. Patent No 4,610,678 issued to Weisman et al. on September 9, 1986; U.S. Patent No. 4,834,735 issued to Alemany et al. on May 30, 1989, European Patent Application No. 0 198 683, the

445 Procter & Gamble Company, published October 22, 1986 in the name of Duenk et al., U.S Patent No. 4,673,402 issued to Weisman et al on June 16, 1987; and U.S. Patent No. 4,888,231 issued to Angstadt on December 19, 1989. The absorbent core may further compπse the dual core system containing an acquisition/distribution core of chemically stiffened fibers positioned over an absorbent storage core as detailed in U.S. Patent No. 5,234,423, entitled "Absorbent Article With Elastic Waist Feature and Enhanced

450 Absorbeney" issued to Alemany et al., on August 10, 1993; and in U.S. Patent No 5,147,345, entitled "High Efficiency Absorbent Articles For Incontmence Management" issued to Young, LaVon and Taylor on September 15, 1992. The disclosure of all of these patents is incorporated herem by reference.

A prefened embodiment of a unitary disposable absorbent article made in accordance herewith is a catamenial pad, or sanitary napkin As used herem, the term "sanitary napkm" refers to an absorbent

455 article which is worn by females adjacent to the pudendal region, generally external to the urogenital region, and which is intended to absorb and contain menstrual liquids and other vaginal discharges from the wearer's body (e.g., blood, menses, and urme). Interlabial devices which reside partially withm and partially external to the wearer's vestibule are also withm the scope of this invention. Suitable feminine hygiene articles are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,556,146, issued to Swanson et al. on Dec. 3, 1985, U.S

460 Patent No 4,589,876, issued to Van Tilberg on April 27, 1993, U.S. Patent No. 4,687,478, issued to Van Tilburg on Aug 18, 1987, U.S. Patent No 4,950,264, issued to Osbom, III on Aug. 21, 1990, U.S. Patent No 5,009,653, issued to Osborn, III on April 23, 1991, U.S. Patent 5,267,992, issued to Van Tilburg on Dec. 7, 1993, U.S. Patent No 5,389,094, issued to Lavash et al. on Feb 14, 1995, U.S. Patent No 5,413,568, issued to Roach et al on May 9, 1995, U.S. Patent No. 5,460,623, issued to Emenaker et al. on

465 Oct. 24, 1995, U.S. Patent No 5,489,283, issued Van Tilburg on Feb. 6, 1996, U.S. Patent No. 5,569,231, issued to Emenaker et al. on Oct. 29, 1996, and U.S. Patent No 5,620,430, issued to Bamber on Apπl 15, 1997, the disclosure of each of which is incorporated by reference herein.

In a prefened embodiment of the present invention, the sanitary napkm has two flaps each of which are adjacent to and extend laterally from the side edge of the absorbent core. The flaps are

470 configured to drape over the edges of the wearer's panties in the crotch region so that the flaps are disposed between the edges of the wearer's panties and the thighs. The flaps serve at least two purposes. First, the flaps help serve to prevent soiling of the wearer's body and panties by menstrual liquid, preferably by forming a double wall banier along the edges of the panty. Second, the flaps are preferably provided with attachment means on their garment surface so that the flaps can be folded back under the panty and attached

475 to the garment facing side of the panty. In this way, the flaps serve to keep the sanitary napkm properly positioned in the panty. The flaps can be constructed of vanous mateπals including materials similar to the topsheet, backsheet, tissue, or combmation of these materials Further, the flaps may be a separate element attached to the mam body of the napkm or can compπse extensions of the topsheet and backsheet (i.e., unitary). A number of sanitary napkms having flaps suitable or adaptable for use with the sanitary napkins

480 of the present invention are disclosed in U.S. Patent No 4,687,478 entitled "Shaped Sanitary Napkm With Flaps", which issued to Van Tilburg on August 18, 1987; and U.S. Patent No. 4,589,876 entitled "Sanitary Napkm", which issued to Van Tilburg on May 20, 1986. The disclosure of each of these patents is hereby incorporated herein by reference

In a prefened embodiment of the present invention, an acquisition layer(s) may be positioned

485 between the topsheet and the absorbent core The acquisition layer may serve several functions includmg improving wicking of exudates over and into the absorbent core. There are several reasons why the improved wicking of exudates is important, including providmg a more even distribution of the exudates throughout the absorbent core and allowing the sanitary napkin to be made relatively thin. The wicking refened to herein may encompass the transportation of liquids in one, two or all directions (i.e., in the x-y

490 plane and or in the z-direction) The acquisition layer may be compπsed of several different mateπals including nonwoven or woven webs of synthetic fibers including polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene, natural fibers including cotton or cellulose; blends of such fibers; or any equivalent matenals or combinations of materials. Examples of sanitary napkms having an acquisition layer and a topsheet are more fully described in U.S. Patent No 4,950,264 issued to Osborn and U.S. Patent Application Seπal No.

495 07/810,774, "Absorbent Article Having Fused Layers", filed December 17, 1991 m the names of Cree, et al.

The disclosures of each of these references are hereby incorporated herem by reference. In a prefened embodiment, the acquisition layer may be joined with the topsheet by any of the conventional means for joining webs together, most preferably by fusion bonds as is more fully descπbed in the referenced Cree application.

500 Catamenial pads may be constructed as follows Onto sihcone-coated release paper a spiral pattern of H2031 Findlay hot melt adhesive is applied at 0.04 g/m^ This adhesive layer is transfened onto the top (wearer-facing) side of a secondary topsheet by rolling the secondary topsheet and coated release paper together with a hand roller. The secondary topsheet is formed of a nonwoven mateπal known as Fort James Airlaid Tissue, Grade 817, commercially available from the Fort James Corp. of Green Bay, Wisconsin. A

505 topsheet of the present invention is applied to the adhesive side of the secondary topsheet and the two are bonded by gently pressing them together with a hand roller. Two strips of one-quarter-inch double-sided tape are applied along both long edges of a polyethylene backsheet. The absorbent core is added to construct the complete absorbent structure.

As used herein, the term "diaper" refers to a garment generally worn by infants and incontinent

510 persons that is worn about the lower torso of the wearer It should be understood, however, that the present invention is also applicable to other absorbent articles such as incontinent briefs, incontinent pads, training pants, diaper inserts, facial tissues, paper towels, and the like. In general, a diaper of the present invention will comprise a liquid pervious topsheet of the present invention; a liquid impervious backsheet joined with the topsheet; and an absorbent core positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet. Additional

515 structural features such as elastic members and fastening means for securing the diaper in place upon a wearer (such as tape tab fasteners) may also be included.

While the topsheet, the backsheet, and the absorbent core can be assembled in a variety of well known configurations, a prefened diaper configuration is descπbed generally in U.S. Patent No. 3,860,003 (Buell), issued January 14, 1975, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. Alternatively,

520 prefened configurations for disposable diapers herein are also disclosed in U.S. Patent No 4,808,178 (Aziz et al.), issued February 28, 1989; U.S. Patent No. 4,695,278 (Lawson), issued September 22, 1987; and U.S. Patent No 4,816,025 (Foreman), issued March 28, 1989, the disclosures of each of these patents hereby being incorporated herein by reference. Suitable incontinence articles for adult wearers are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,253,461 issued to Strickland, et al on March 3, 1981 ; U.S. Patent Nos.

525 4,597,760 and 4,597,761 issued to Buell; U.S. Patent No 4,704,115; U.S Patent No 4,909,802 issued to Ahr, et al.; U.S Patent No 4,964,860 issued to Gipson, et al on October 23, 1990; and in U.S. Patent Apphcation Seπal No 07/637,090 filed by Noel, et al. on January 3, 1991 (PCT Publication No. WO 92/11830 published on July 23, 1992). The disclosure of each of these references is incorporated herem.

The absorbent core of the diaper is positioned between the topsheet and the backsheet. The

530 absorbent core can be manufactured m a wide variety of sizes and shapes (e.g., rectangular, hourglass, asymmetπcal, etc ) The total absorbent capacity of the absorbent core should, however, be compatible with the design liquid loading for the intended use of the absorbent article or diaper. Further, the size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent core can vary to accommodate wearers rangmg from infants through adults.

535 As indicated, the absorbent core may include a liquid distπbution member. In a prefened configuration, the absorbent core preferably further mcludes an acquisition layer or member m liquid communication with the liquid distπbution member and located between the liquid distribution member and the topsheet The acquisition layer or member may be comprised of several different mateπals mcludmg nonwoven or woven webs of synthetic fibers includmg polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene, natural

540 fibers including cotton or cellulose, blends of such fibers, or any equivalent matenals or combmations of materials.

In a prefened embodiment, the diaper will compπse elasticized leg cuffs. The elasticized leg cuffs can be constructed in a number of different configurations, mcludmg those descπbed m U.S. Patent No. 3,860,003, U.S Patent No 4,909,803, issued to Aziz et al. on Mar. 20, 1990; U.S. Patent No 4,695,278,

545 issued to Lawson on Sep. 22, 1987; and U.S. Patent No 4,795,454, issued to Dragoo on Jan. 3, 1989, each being incorporated herein by reference.

In use, the diaper is applied to a wearer by positioning the back waistband region under the wearer's back, and drawing the reminder of the diaper between the wearer's legs so that the front waistband region is positioned across the front of the wearer. The tape-tab or other fasteners are then secured

550 preferably to outwardly facing areas of the diaper

III Examples

The following examples are illustrative and are not meant as a limitation of the invention disclosed and claimed herein With respect to Example 2, the mass flow controller used to deliver the silicon- containing monomer compound for the deposition processes was calibrated for the flow rate of HMDSO

555 The flow rates of other gases were calculated based on the specific heats of the respective gases The accuracy of the mass flow controllers in these cases is ± 5% or better

Example 1 This example illustrates the plasma treatment process and benefit of this mvention in applymg a permanent hydrophilic coating to a flat polyethylene film Flat polyethylene (PE) film having a 1 mil

560 average thickness is obtained from Tredegar Film Products, Inc (Tene Haute, IN) with material composition designation code X-8318-1 Three-step plasma treatments are conducted in a plasma reactor (Advanced Plasma System, Model D, radio frequency (RF) 40 KHz), with the gas input and process conditions indicated m Table 1

Table 1

565 * Ar Argon, 0₂ oxygen, HMDSO hexamethyl disiloxane ** seem standard cmVmmute

The resulting plasma treated web samples are then tested for surface wettability both before and after rapid agmg conditions Rapid aging condition refers to conditioning the web sample at 60° C for 16 hours prior to wettability measurement Water contact angle, measured with a goniometer (Model # 100-

570 00, Rame-Hart, Inc , Mountain Lakes, NJ), is used to assess web wettability Strong wetting durability of HMDSO-deπved plasma coating is established, as demonstrated by comparable contact angles seen between pre-aged and post-aged samples (see Table 2)

Table 2

" Contact angle measured 3 times on the same treated web is averaged and standard deviation is reported 75 in parenthesis

Example 2

This example illustrates the alternate plasma treatment process and benefit of this invention in applying a permanent hydrophilic coating to a flat PE film Flat PE film having a 1 mil average thickness is obtained from Tredegar Film Products, Inc (Tene Haute, IN) with mateπal composition designation code X-8318-1. Three-step plasma treatments are conducted in a plasma reactor (Plasma Science PS0500D), with gas input and process conditions indicated m Table 3.

Table 3

* seem : standard cmVminute

** Ar: Argon; 0₂: oxygen; HMDSO: hexamethyl disiloxane; N₂0: nitrous oxide; C0₂: carbon dioxide

The resulting plasma treated web samples are then evaluated for surface wettability before and after the water wash test. Water wash test refers to immersing a 2 in, x 2 in. web sample in a 250 ml water bath at 65° C for 90 sec with vigorous agitation (with a Teflon coated stir bar). Water contact angle, measured with a goniometer (model # 100-00, Rame-Hart, Inc., Mountam Lakes, N.J.), is used to assess the webs' wettability. Strong wetting durability of HMDSO-denved plasma coating is established, as is demonstrated by compaπng contact angle between pre-washed and post-washed samples (see Table 4).

Table 4

"^• contact angle measured 3 times on the same film/web is averaged and standard deviation is reported in parenthesis

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in considerable detail, vaπations and modifications of these embodiments can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described and claimed.

Claims

What is claimed is :

1. A direct plasma polymeπzation process for making a durably wettable, liquid pervious web for use as a topsheet in an absorbent article, the process compπsing:

(l) introducing a web to a plasma reaction zone; and

(n) coating at least one of the surfaces of the web with a coating of polymeπzed monomers, wherein the coating is less than 2.5 microns thick and is deπved from a monomer gas stream that will provide a hydrophilic coating upon plasma polymeπzation; said process characteπzed in that the web is selected from the group consisting of polymeπc films, apertured polymeπc films, nonwovens and apertured nonwovens; wherein the polymeπzed monomers cause at least one surface of the web to become durably-wettable.

2. The process of Claim 1 wherein at least one surface of the durably-wettable, liquid pervious web has a Post Agmg contact angle that is not more than 60 degrees greater than the Pre Aging contact angle, preferably not more than 40 degrees greater than the Pre Aging contact angle and most preferably not more than 20 degrees greater than the Pre Aging contact angle.

3. The process of any preceding claim wherein at least one surface of the durably-wettable, liquid pervious web has a Post Washing contact angle that is not more than 60 degrees greater than the Pre Washing contact angle, preferably is not more than 40 degrees greater than the Pre Washing contact angle and most preferably not more than 20 degrees greater than the Pre Washing contact angle.

4. The process of any preceding claim wherein the process further compπses the step of cleaning the surface of the web by exposing the surface to plasma conditions or an energy source selected from the group consisting of mfra red, electron beam, thermionic or ultra violet radiation and mixtures thereof, pπor to introduction of the monomer gas stream of step (n).

5. The process of Claim 4 wherein the step of cleaning the surface of the web by exposing the web to plasma conditions comp╧Çses introduction of a gas stream comp╧Çsing a mate╧Çal selected from the group consisting of Ar, 0₂, and mixtures thereof.

6. The process of any preceding claim wherein the process compπses the step of further modifying the hydrophilic surface by introducing the web formed in step (n) to a surface modifying gas stream, the gas stream compπsing N_:0 and CO,; or an energy source selected from the group consisting of mfra red, electron beam, thermionic or ultra violet radiation and mixtures thereof.

7. The process of any preceding claim further compπsing a final step compπsing apertuπng the coated web.

8. The process of any preceding claim wherein the polymeπc film is deπved from a mateπal selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polyesters, and mixtures thereof.

9. The process of Claim 8 wherein the polymeπc film is deπved from a mateπal selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(l-butene), poly(2-butene), poly(l-pentene), poly(2-pentene), poly(3-methyl-l-pentene), poly(4-methyl-l-pentene), l,2-poly-l,3-buιadιene, 1,4- poly- 1,3 -butadiene, polyisoprene, blends thereof, random copolymers thereof, and block copolymers thereof.

10. The process of any preceding claim wherein the monomer gas stream comp╧Çses a monomer selected from the group consisting of (i) silanes of the formula S╬╣(R)₄ where each R is the same or different and is selected from H; a C_rC₈ linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy; a C₆-C₁₀ aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with C C linear or branched alkyl; a vinyl radical; or a C₃-C₅ allyl radical; provided not more than two R groups are H; (n) organosihcones of the formula R'R"R"'S╬╣-[-0- S╬╣(R')(R")-]ΓÇ₧-R'", where R\ R" and R'" can be the same or different and are C,-C₈ linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy, wherein R' and R" may be hydrogen provided that no more than 50% of the R' and R" groups are hydrogen, and n is 1, 2 or 3; and (in) mixtures thereof; and wherein said monomer gas stream further comp╧Çses oxygen when said monomer of said gas stream consists only of said silanes.

1 1. The process of Claim 10 wherein the monomer gas stream compπses a monomer selected from the group consisting hexamethyldisiloxane, methyltnmethoxy silane, vinyltπmethoxy silane, vinyltπethoxy silane and oxygen, ethylmethoxy silane, ethyltπmethoxy silane, tetraethoxy silane, cyclohexylmethyl-dimethoxy silane, dicyclopentyl-dimethoxy silane, phenyltπethoxy silane, diphenyldimethoxy silane, tetramethyldisiloxane, hexamethyltπsiloxane, and mixtures thereof; and wherein said monomer gas sfream further compπses oxygen when said monomer of said gas stream consists only of said silanes.

12. The process of any preceding claim wherein the gas of the monomer gas stream is ionized via pulsation of high frequency microwaves or radiowaves.

13. An absorbent article characteπzed in that said absorbent article compπses a durably wettable, liquid pervious topsheet produced by the processes of anyone of the preceding claims.